西方文化导论Unit12
西方文化导论
Western Culture: An Introduction（西方文化导论）Chapter 1 Culture in Ancient Greece （古希腊文化）1.Cradle of western civilization （西方文明的摇篮）---Ancient Greek“We are all Greeks.”------Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西·比希·雪莱)When Shelley said “We are all Greeks”, he is expressing his buy-in（认同）to the then current belief that European culture could trace its roots back （追根溯源于）to the Greek ideals and customs. This would include everything: architecture, education, medicine, our basic myths and memes, government, etc.2.Phases of development )（发展阶段）Delphi 特尔斐(希腊古都)Three Ages:ca.3000-1200 BC, the Heroic Age（英雄时代）(ca. 1200-750 BC), the Greek City-State （希腊城邦）and the Persian Wars（波斯战争）(ca. 750-480 BC), the Golden Age （黄金时代）(Ca. 480-430 BC).Bronze Age Civilizations of the Aegean (ca. 3000-1200 BC):1.1Minoan[miˈnəuən] civilization 克里特文明flourished between 2000-1400 BC, when itseems to be absorbed or destroyed by the Mycenaeans.The most famous of the leg ends of Minoan culture is Minotaur [ˈmaɪnətɔ:(r)] 人身牛头怪/弥诺陶洛斯, a being “part man and part bull”.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?In Florence 佛罗伦萨（意大利都市名）and Venice()意大利港市.1.2Mycenae[maiˈsi:ni:]迈锡尼/Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] culture (ca. 1600-1200).By 1600 BC, the Mycenaeans had established themselves in the Aegean（爱琴海）.Around 1200 BC, the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a commercial stronghold on the northwest coast of Asia Minor小亚细亚半岛. The ten-year-long war between Mycenae and Troy would provide the historical context for the Iliad [ˈɪliəd] （伊利亚特）and the Odyssey [ˈɒdəsi]（奥赛德）. ------ Homer（荷马）, the blind Greek poetTrojan war (特洛伊战争)------ Penelope’s web 珀涅罗珀的织物；故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作1.2.1The Heroic Age (ca. 1200-750 BC): after 1200 BC, more powerful, iron-bearing tribes of Dorians (多利亚人约于前1200-1000年间从巴尔干半岛北部迁入希腊，后来建立了斯巴达（Sparta）、科林斯（Corinth）、阿尔戈斯（Argos）等城邦，更多时候是作为入侵者和征服者被看待，荷马认为其野蛮黑暗), a Greek-speaking people from the north, destroyed Mycenaean civilization.Peloponnesian Wars 伯罗奔尼撒战争(431-404 BC)between Athens(雅典) and Sparta(斯巴达)；Years of internal wars weakened the once powerful Greek city-states of Sparta, Athens, Thebes（底比斯）, and Corinth（科林斯）. Philip II of Macedonia （马其顿）(northern Greece) rose to power and, in 338 BC, he rode south and conquered the cities of Thebes and Athens, uniting most of Greece under his rule. Upon Philip II ‘s death, his son, Alexander the Great（亚历山大大帝）, took control and proceeded to conquer all of the lands between Greece and India including Egypt.After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonia was defeated by Roma（罗马）at the Battleof Cynoscephalae（基诺斯山战役）in 197 BC and then again at the Battle of Pydna（皮德纳战役）in 168 BC. The Greeks were finally defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely destroyed and plundered（掠夺）the city of Corinth as an example to other Greek cities.1.2.2The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars (ca. 750-480 BC)In 490 BC, Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役In 480 BC, Battle of the Hot Gates and Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战Persian Wars(希波战争): Herodotus 希罗多德(ca. 485-425 BC), the father of history 历史之父。
西方文化导论
西方文化导论一、概述西方文化是指欧洲及其后裔国家的文化，是世界上最为重要和广泛影响的文化之一。
本文将介绍西方文化的起源、特点、发展以及对全球文化的影响。
二、起源与发展1. 古希腊文化的影响古希腊文化是西方文化的重要起源之一。
古希腊在哲学、政治、艺术、体育等方面取得了重大成就，对后世产生了深远影响。
2. 罗马帝国的传承罗马帝国继承并发展了古希腊文化，形成了独特的罗马文化。
罗马法律、建筑、工程、道德观念等对西方文化产生了重要影响。
3. 基督教的兴起基督教的兴起标志着西方文化的新阶段。
基督教的价值观念、道德准则对西方社会产生了深远影响，并成为西方文化的重要组成部分。
4. 文艺复兴与启蒙运动文艺复兴和启蒙运动是西方文化发展的重要阶段。
文艺复兴时期，人们对古希腊和罗马文化进行了重新学习和研究，推动了艺术、文学、科学等领域的进步。
启蒙运动则强调理性、自由和人权，对政治和社会产生了重要影响。
三、西方文化的特点1. 个人主义西方文化强调个体的独立性和自由意志，鼓励个人追求幸福和成功。
2. 科学与技术的重视西方文化崇尚科学与技术的发展，注重实证主义和理性思维，推动了现代科学的进步。
3. 民主与法治西方文化倡导民主政治和法治社会，注重个人权利和平等，推动了现代民主制度的发展。
4. 艺术与文学的创新西方文化在艺术与文学领域具有创新精神，不断探索新的表达形式和艺术风格。
四、西方文化对全球的影响1. 语言和文学英语作为西方文化的代表语言，成为国际交流和商务的重要工具。
西方文学作品如莎士比亚的戏剧、浪漫主义文学等对全球文学产生了深远影响。
2. 科学与技术西方文化的科学与技术成果对全球产生了广泛影响，如工业革命、电子技术、计算机科学等。
3. 政治与法律西方文化的民主制度和法治观念对全球政治和法律体系的发展产生了重要影响。
4. 艺术与娱乐西方音乐、电影、时尚等艺术与娱乐形式在全球范围内受到广泛欢迎，成为全球流行文化的一部分。
五、结论西方文化作为世界上最重要和广泛影响的文化之一，其起源、发展、特点以及对全球的影响都具有重要意义。
《西方文化导论》课程教学大纲.doc
《场方夂祀概崎》教曇丈詢学时：16课时学分：1学分授课对象：全校二年级、三年级学生教材：《四方文化概略》一、课程性质、目的和任务本课程是面向全校二年级、三年级学生设置的全院公共任选课程，旨在实现大学英语教学的个性化教育与综合索质培养的目标。
课程面向广犬学生，满足学生了解西方文化的个性化要求，结合语言学习，综合提高学生语言文化能力。
课程设置上按照时间的顺序对以欧洲文化为核心的西方文明进行导论性的介绍，内容包括古希腊、古罗马文化、文艺复兴、科学革命等对现代文化影响深远的古代文明及历史时期。
每个核心主题屮所涉及内容的选取侧重于文化继承和影响，结合语言方面的相关知识，综合介绍给学生。
二、教学基本要求本课程将英语语言文化背景知识系统的呈现给学生。
面向已具有一定的语言基础的二、三年级学生，课程内容的重心落在背景知识和文化了解的角度。
通过系统的内容丰富的语言文化知识的介绍，帮助学生更真切地掌握语言的深意和内涵，同时，开阔学生的视野，使学生得到全方位发展。
三、教学基本内容周次教学内容课时第二周爱琴文明与希腊神话传说2第三周希腊时期的文化2第四周罗马时期的文化2第五周中世纪时期的基督教文化2第六周文艺复兴时期的文化2第七周宗教改革时期的文化2第八周复习总结2笫九周课程考查2四、教学重点：第一章爱琴文明与希腊神话传说克里特文化的形成、成就和影响；迈锡尼文化的特点；荷马史诗的形成与成就。
1・克里特文化：建筑、壁画和彩陶、文字、宗教。
2. 迈锡尼文化：建筑、文字。
3. 荷马时代文化：《荷马史诗》、陶艺。
第二章希腊时期的文化希腊神话的内容与特点、古希腊宗教；古风吋代的希腊文学与艺术；古典吋代的希腊悲喜剧代表作家与作品，建筑、雕刻、哲学、科学和史学的成就。
新喜剧；亚历山大里亚、小亚细亚的雕刻艺术；亚历山大里亚城的建筑；犬儒学派、伊壁鸠鲁学派、斯多喝学派、怀疑论学派；希腊化时代的宗教特点及科学成就。
1 •早期希腊的文化：神话和宗教，文字和文学，艺术。
西方文化导论
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59BC—AD17 He was Octavian's contemporary. History of Rome: he began it between 2725BC and published it in instalments which at once brought him fame. The book consisted of 142 volumes.
His books:
The book of Satires The Odes Epistles
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Publius Ovidius Naso (43BC—AD17) He was born in a valley of the Apennines, eats of Rome, and was educated to Rome where he studied both rthetoric and law.
》 It includes battles against the Belgic tribes (combined with Gaul), and his crossing the sea and sailing up the Thames to invade Britain.
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Roman playwright (254—184BC) He was born in humble circumstances at Sarsina, Umbria, and once worked as a stagecarpenter.
西方文化导论考试范围
西方文化导论考试范围木星(Jupiter) Zeus the god of justice。
海王星(Neptune) 代表神Poseidon 海神冥王星(Pluto) 代表神普鲁陀Hades(冥府之神) 太阳(Sun)// 代表神阿波罗Apollo(太阳神) 金星(Venus) 代表神维纳斯Venus(爱与美之神Aphrodite) Athena雅典娜智慧女神月球(Moon) 露娜Luna，希腊人称之为瑟丽妮Selene和阿蒂蜜丝Artemis火星(Mars) 代表神马尔斯Ares(战神)水星(Mercury)// 代表神摩丘力Hermes(商业、旅行与偷窃之神)土星(Saturn) 代表神克隆纳斯(kronus)天王星(Uranus)-天王星是古希腊传说中的天界之神，最早的天神。
他也是克罗那斯（Cronus,土星）、独眼巨人（Cyclopes）和泰坦巨神（Titans，奥林匹亚众神的始祖）的父亲，妻子则是大地之母盖娅（Gaia）。
Athens Sparta polis城邦ruled by the leader owning aristocrat or the slave-turned king. archons首席执政官solon梭伦Cleisthenes 克里斯提尼Draco德拉古。
Socrates苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图The School of Athens 。
Apology辩解篇padres理想国Aristotle亚里士多德science logic。
Cynics 犬儒主义Epic poetry长篇史诗Homer Iliad Odyssey 奥德赛--Trojan war Lyric poetry Callimachus—Hymns Theocritus—The Syracusan Woman The GracesDrama 戏剧Aeschylus—Prometheus Bound，Agamemnon，the PersiansSophocles----Oedipus the king，Oedipus Complex恋母情结Electra，AntigoneEuripides ----Medea ，Trojan Women Electra Complex恋父情结Parthenon帕特农神殿Pantheon 万神庙Discobolis ，Disous Thrower 掷铁饼者Laocoon Group拉奥孔人物组雕Venus De Mile断臂维纳斯Julius Caesar 凯撒---Commentaries on the Gallic War ，The Civil War。
《西方文化导论》(Quiz)
Text Study _6_5 F (5) In medieval society, God permanently served as an image __ of severity and solemnity, without change until the renaissance.
Unit 6
Revision
Unit Unit 1 Multiple choice:
(1) ____ is the major foundation in the Western culture and makes a powerful impact on the development of human civilization.
Unit 3
(1)The Babylonian Captivity refers to the captivation and imprisonment of the Jews by Nebuchadnezzar II, in ____. A. 586 BC
B. 450 BC
C. 330 BC D. 586
前三头同盟（The First Triumvirate）指公元前60年，由庞培、克拉苏和凯 撒组成的政治联盟，相对于屋大维、马克· 安东尼和雷必达组成的后三头同 盟。 (P.31-32)
(5) Punic wars are a series of wars between Rome and ____. A. Greek B. Sicily C. Spain D. Carthage
A. Ancient European culture
B. Ancient Greek culture
C. Ancient Chபைடு நூலகம்nese culture
“西方经典文化选读”课程教学大纲
“西方经典文化选读”课程教学大纲教研室主任：高歌执笔人：郭红一、课程基本信息开课单位：外国语学院课程名称：西方经典文化选读课程编号：英文名称：Selected Readings of Western Culture课程类型：专业任选课总学时：36 理论学时：36 实验学时：0学分：2开设专业：英语先修课程：无二、课程任务目标（一）课程任务本课程是为英语专业高年级学生开设的一门专业任选课，也是一门综合性较强的人文学科课程。
本课程的任务通过对西方文化史的纵向考察和对西方经典文献的深度阅读，使学生熟悉有关西方文化的基本知识，同时，使学生的知识面得以拓宽，思辨能力得以培养和人文素养得以提升。
（二）课程目标通过本课程的学习, 帮助学生构建西方世界精神文明方面的相关知识，对西方文化主要文化领域的基本状况和重要成果获得较为深入的了解。
通过阅读西方经典文献，使学生接触西方文化中伟大人物的精华思想，提高阅读能力和分析能力，进而培养批判性思维能力。
通过对中西文化的了解, 开拓学生的知识视野，丰富和完善学生的人文知识结构, 加强学生的人文修养, 提高学生的人文素质。
通过中西文化的对比, 认识中西文化的长短优劣, 正确认识和反思中国传统文化, 进而培养面向世界的文化意识。
三、教学内容和要求Unit 1 Greek Mythology1.了解古希腊神话的主要内容和特点。
2.掌握英语中出自古希腊神话的习语。
Unit 2 Homer1. 了解荷马生平及其主要作品。
2. 理解史诗《伊利亚特》的主题思想。
3. 掌握英语中出自荷马史诗的语言。
Unit 3 Ancient Greek Philosophy1. 了解古希腊时期社会状况和主要哲学派别。
2. 理解苏格拉底思想及其主要作品。
Unit 4 Plato and Aristotle1.了解柏拉图和亚里士多德的生平。
2.理解柏拉图和亚里士多德的主要思想及其差异。
Unit 5 Thucydides1. 了解修昔底德的生平和作品。
Unit7西方文化导论
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
Text Study
The Enlightenment is generally agreed to have originated in France. It was due to the fact that France met with a period of decline after its national prosperity during the reign of Louis XIV, which was demonstrated by the sharpening class clashes and social crises resulting from the deteriorating political and economic conditions. Internationally, France also suffered a series of setbacks in its competition with other European powers, such as Britain when the latter was marching steadily on its way towards a dominating position following the Glorious Revolution in 1688. The situation was worsened by France’s fiscal deficits and economic difficulties, caused by heavy
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Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks. 1. _________ New York became a new centre of world art during and after the WWII, taking over from Paris. 2. One of the representative of abstract expressionism is Hans Hofmann, who benefited from the movements like cubism, _______ fauvism and expressionism. expressionism . ___________________ 3. Action painting is a branch of abstract Minimal art is an art form which purports to pursue a 4. __________ completely pure and perfect quality of art by reducing its art creation to its mere natural attributes. Pop art intends to set up a style of impersonality by 5. _______ employing the imagery of commercialized art or other art forms of the mass media.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. 5. Who initiated the ideals of the expressionist movement in modern music? A. Arnold Schoenberg. B. Igor Stravinsky. C. Claude Debussy. D. Paul Hindemith.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions. __ T 1. Cinema has greatly changed the ways of living in the West since its invention by Thomas Edison in 1894. __ F 2. Hollywood consolidated and expanded its position by producing more popular films after the 1970s, which was called its “Golden Age”. __ T 3. The role of TV is an important link between the individual and the public or social side of life. __ F 4. The major four Western agencies are: Associated Press, BBC, Reuters and Press de France Nouvelle. __ T 5. Jazz was initially influenced by two kinds of Negro music: ragtime and blues.
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Text Study
Supplementary Resources
Text Study
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
performance art 行为艺术: A term referring to a kind of usually avant-garde or conceptual art which grew out of the visual arts and began to be identified in the 1960s. Performance art is unconventional and often challenges the audience to think in new and unconventional ways.
C. van Gogh’s
D. Paul Gauguin’s
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. 2. __________is called “the father of the modern painting”. A. Paul Gauguin B. Paul Cezanne C. van Gogh D. Degas
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. 3. _________refers to a kind of usually avant-garde or conceptual art as early as in the 1960s, which often challenges the audience to think in new and unconventional ways. A. Performance art
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehtiple choice. (1) Impressionism got its name from ________famous painting Impression: Sunrise. A. Pissarro’s B. Monet’s
B. Impressionism
C. Photo-realism
D. Futurism
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. 4. Which of the following artists does not belong to the school of Impressionism in painting? A. Manet. B. Monet. C. Cezanne. D. Piccasso.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions. F 1. The end of the two world wars brought real sense of security __ and stability to the West. T 2. In the midst of the 1950s and 1960s, Western society was on __ the threshold of drastic transformation from the phase of postwar recovery to an industrial and commercial boom. __ T 3. Postmodernism is both an reaction against modernism and a successor to modernism. T 4. Existentialism had widespread dissemination and acclaim after __ WWII. F 5. In the post-war period, Protestantism has become more open __ and more popular to the public, while Catholicism has stuck to conventions.