西方文化导论Unit7

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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercise
Multiple choice. (4) Rousseau is famous for his idea of _________. A. the divine right of the king B. the social contract C. the divine right of the human beings D. empiricism
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ComprehensБайду номын сангаасon Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks. (1) The Enlightenment first started in ______ France . (2) In the 17th century, France became more powerful in economic and military achievements due to the measures and reforms taken by _________ Louis XIV . (3) In ____ 18th century, France lost its initial domination at the sea to England. (4) The Enlightenment was influenced by British __________ empiricism and dissemination of _________________ scientific knowledge . (5) With the worsening situation of France in 18th century, more and more people, led by newly emerging __________ Bourgeoisie strongly demanded for political reforms. ,
C. rationalism
D. absolutism
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Match the following English writers with their works.
(1) Henry Fielding (2) Jonathan Swift a. Paradise Lost b. Robinson Crusoe
(3) Daniel Defoe
(4) John Bunyan (5) John Milton
c. Gulliver’s Travels
d. Pilgrim’s Progress e. Tom Jones
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercise
Multiple choice. (3) Montesquieu’s theory of the division of power divides the political authority into_________. A. legislative, administrative and judicial powers B. legislative, executive and judicial powers C. legislative, executive and electoral powers D. legislative, executive and law enforcement powers
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
(1) Which of the following philosophers first put forward the idea of the division of power?
True or false questions. T (1) The Enlightenment is characterized by reason, which is a __ critical tool allowing man to get rid of prejudice and change the world, dominating nature through science. F (2) The Enlightenment overcame the prejudice against __ female, and regarded both genders as equal in the society. F (3) The major agents of change in the arts, governments and __ economy were enlightened kings and priests. T (4) The Enlightenment laid an ideological foundation for the __ breakout of the French Revolution. __ T (5) The Enlightenment unveiled the inauguration of the modern era and laid a solid foundation for the later process of the Western modernization.
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions. T (1) Locke rejects the idea of innate knowledge and argues __ for the acquisition of knowledge from the senses. T (2) The late Renaissance focused on the metaphysical and __ rationalist philosophy, while the Enlightenment was based on epistemology and empiricism. F (3) Locke rejected the division of legislative power and __ administrative power. T (4) Berkeley was the father of a philosophical school called __ phenomenalism. T (5) Hume’s empiricist philosophy greatly influenced __ Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy.
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Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Immanuel Kant 康 德 (1724– 1804): An 18th-century German philosopher. He is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe and of the late Enlightenment.
A. David Hume. B. John Locke. C. George Berkeley. D. Voltaire.
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercise
Multiple choice. (2) The French Declaration of Human Rights and the American Declaration of Independence owed much of their sources and inspiration to _________Spirit of Laws(1748). A. Montesquieu’s B. Voltaire’s C. Rousseau’s D. Diderot’s
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Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercise
Multiple choice.
(5) The Enlightenment is not opposed to____________. A. superstition
B. feudalism