定语从句(学生)

模块一：定语从句

（一）定义

1. 在复合句中（一个句子的某一成分由句子承当），修饰某一名词或代词从句叫定语从句或形容词从句；在句中起定语的作用.

2. 被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词.

1) The manwho lives next to us is a policeman..

先行词关系代词定语从句

2) You must do everythingthat I do.

先行词关系代词定语从句

（二）定语从句分类

限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

（1）限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词．关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既

可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。

①He has a brother who is a physicist.

He has a brother, who is a physicist. (只有一个)

②He returned all the books which are written in English.

He returned all the books, which are written in English.

③A student who studies hard will make good progress.

The student, who lives far from school, is the leader of their football match.

（2）什么时候宜用非限制性定语从句

1）当先行词是专有名词时，通常用非限制性定语从句，它本身就具有特殊性，无需在加限定。

Shenzhen, which is in South China, is developing rapidly.

My house, which I bought last year, has got a garden .

Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.

2) 当先行词是具有某一特征的人或者物中的一个，但跟非限制从句时则表示唯一的一个，Her room has a window which faces south.

Her room has a window, which faces south.

I have a brother who is working in Beijing.

I have a brother, who is working in Beijing

.

3.当先行词表示类属意义，即表示某类动物，事物或人时，其后所跟的定语从句一般是非限制性的。

A sleep is a useful animal, whose wool has many uses.

Football, which is a very interesting game, is now played all over the world.

(三)：定语从句引导词

1.关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as.

2.关系副词when, where, why等.

（1）关系代词的作用

1）连接主句和从句。

2）代表被修饰的先行词。

3）在定语从句做一个句子成分。

This is the roomwhich I lived in last year.

先行词关系代词定语从句

（2）同样的先行词，选用什么样的关系词，要由它在定语从句中担任的逻辑作用(成分)来决定。

(3) 关系词所做的成份是由从句中的动词来决定的

This is the place where we work.（vi.）

This is the place which we visited. (vt. )

(4)关系代词做主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词而不是关系代词。

I want to see the film that is on show.

The students who don’t study hard will not pas the exam.

(5)one of the… 与the one of the … 做先行词时谓语不一致。

①Li Bai is one of the greatest poets that have lived in China.

Li Bai is the one ofthe greatest poets that has lived in China.

②This is one of the books that I have been written in Chinese.

This is the only one of the books that has been written in Chinese.

③He is one of the boys who are willing to do it.

He is the only one of the boys who is willing to do it.

（四）关系代词that、which、who的区别

1. 只能用that的情况

(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none ，few.等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。

All the people that are present burst into tears.

Everything that we saw was interesting.

I’m interested in everything that I don’t know.

All that is needed is a supply of oil.

(2) 如果先等词被all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用