语法填空导学案

Grammatical Filling(语法填空)Learning aims: 1.To know more about Grammatical Filling.2. To know some methods of doing it.高考语法填空题解题技巧2014年英语高考大纲最重要的变化就是题型有重大调整，取消原来的15道单选题，新增10道语法填空题，分值不变总分仍为15分。

同样都是考语法知识，但单选和语法填空题却有很大不同。

语法填空题是给出200字左右的一段短文或对话，段落中给出10个填空，其中填空是给出一个单词，填写它的正确词形，如形容词的比较级等，其余填空是结合上下文直接填词，这要求考生既要掌握熟练的语法知识，还要有一定的语言阅读能力。

从单选题那种单独句子中的单独的语法考核，到短文中的语法实际应用，此次题型转变得更加灵活。

针对语法填空题如何复习，奇速英语名师提醒考生，应继续进行语法知识的复习，加强对词汇本身用法，如主、被、动，固定短语搭配，冠词、连词等运用进行复习。

下面从考纲解读、应试点睛、专题训练三个方面进行详细说明：【考纲解读】语法填空是考查“词法与句法知识”的项目。

词法部分侧重考查动词时态及语态、非谓语动词、情态动词、冠词、代词、并列连词、形容词与副词、介词等；句法部分侧重考查定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、虚拟语气、强调句型、倒装、省略句等。

试题本着“突出语境、重在运用、符合表达、体现能力”的原则，强调语法知识在具体语境中的运用，因此掌握一定的文化背景、揣摩说话人的意图成了解决语法填空的关键。

【应试点睛】1.要仔细阅读题干，抓住关键词，捕捉句中隐含信息。

题干中的关键词或关键符号具有提示信息的作用，一旦抓住了它，就能掌握选择的依据。

几乎每年的高考题在题干设计上都有所创新，所以考生在考试之前应该有相应的心理准备。

例1.There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.A．tradition B.balanceC．concern D.relationship[解析] A考查名词词义辨析。

句意：在我们办公室有一个传统，那就是在某一个人过生日时，那个人就带一个蛋糕到办公室和大家一起分享。

tradition传统；balance平衡；concern关心；relationship关系。

根据句意可知选A。

2．灵活采用还原法(把倒装式、强调式或疑问式的题干变换为陈述句，再选择就容易多了)、归类法(根据句意，把选项分组归类，缩小范围，提高做题的速度和确保准确性)、推理法(根据前后文进行逻辑推理，在四个选项都可填入的情况下，要认真阅读全句，仔细体会其语境，进行综合判断)、排除法(对于难度较大的题要逐个试填，最后，选取最符合语境的选项)等做题方法。

例2. I ________ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me. A．had come B．was comingC．would come D．would have come[解析] D似乎本题与虚拟语气不沾边，但是我们把“…but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.”变化一下就成了“…if I had known that they were waiting for me.”这样我们就知道，本空是虚拟语气的主句，与过去事实相反。

3.多从交际的角度，即上下文的情景考虑问题，不要单一地局限于某项语法理论。

近年来，高考题重视考查学生的语言实践能力，将语法语言知识放置于一定的语言环境中进行考查，这是近年来高考英语改革的一个方向。

所以考生在做题的过程中应该树立全局观、整体观，不能顾此失彼，只注意语法知识的正确性而忽略了语境使用中的合理性。

例3. If you ________ smoke, please go outside.A．can B．shouldC．must D．may[解析] C句意：如果你非要吸烟，请到外面去。

考查情态动词的用法。

can能够；should应该；must非要，偏要；may可以。

根据语境可知选C。

4.高考中的单选考点分布相对稳定、集中。

英语的时态、语态、非谓语动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、冠词、情态动词出现的频率较高，尤其要引起重视的是动词、动词短语、各种习惯表达法及交际用法。

例4. The exam results will be ________ on Friday afternoon.A．put down B．put offC．put up D．put away[解析] C句意：考试结果会在周五的下午被张贴出来。

本题考查动词短语用法辨析。

A项意为“放下，镇压”，B项意为“推迟，阻止”，C项意为“张贴，举起，建造”，D项意为“收好，储存”。

故选C。

5.对于含插入成分的句子，要抓住主干，排除冗余信息。

例5.It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.A．Otherwise B．If notC．But for that D．If so[解析] D句意：听起来好像车的发动机出了问题。

如果那样的话，我们最好立即把它送到修理厂。

本题考查省略。

otherwise在其他方面，否则；if not如果不这样的话，否则；but for that要不是那样的话；if so如果那样的话。

根据句意应选D。

高考体验（2014年新课标II卷）One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about __61___ (be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ___62____ some ofthem looked very anxious and ___63__(disappoint) .When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ____64___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ____65___ (catch ) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____66___(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept ____67___(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked,“____68___ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It …s ____69___ (I)”. She p ushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully, Five others on the bus began talking about what the boy had done and the crowd of strangers ___70__(sudden) became friendly to one another.Test Point1:Logic thinking(逻辑推理)1. Now I‟ll give you some tips on how to make friends with others. One way is being ________ because honesty is very important if you want to get along well with those around you.2. Soon after David left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no ________ of his own died and left David a lot of money, so he decided to set up his own company.3. To their surprise, the stolen car had been returned and there was a notein it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife wa s having a baby and I had to send her to the ________ as soon as possible. Please forget the inconvenience.Test Point2:Sentence analysis(分析句子结构)4.The number of people ________ (speak) Chinese continues to rise.5.Some 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of _________ were self-funded students(自费生).Test Point3:Grammar knowledge(语法知识)从句----引导词6. … As soon as a child begins school, he enters a world of examinations_________ will decide his future of job.7. My face turned red on hearing ________ my mother said.8. ________ we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we will not really learn the language.并列句----并列连词（and, but, or, so, while然而, when这时，etc）9.Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems….If tourism creates too much traffic, the inhabitants will become annoyed and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists, ________ they treat them impolitely.动词（谓语、非谓语）---- using the verbs givenAnalyze the sentence to find out whether you need the Finite Verb(谓语动词)or Non-finite V erb(非谓语动词)10. The city has already had homes, stores, and offices ________ (build) on the Mediterranean Sea.11.A very strong wind blew into my room. My valuable notes, lying on my desk in the room, ________ (fly) high into the air.12. I was certain that she would like it because I _____________ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.13. I had to leave work to take him to the hospital because he ________ (break) his arm.14. He was one of the students who ___________ (invite) to the meeting.15. We must practise speaking and ________(write) the language whenever you can.16. We must also consider the reaction of the person ________ (receive) the gift.17. With the problem _______ (solve), I was proud of my achievement.18. …and it is important ___________ (memorize) some basic grammar rules.代词19. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______ spoken.20…they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard __________ as unfit or unable persons.21.The little boy pulled ______ right hand out of the pocket and studied anumber of coins in it.adv. －however, therefore, instead, also, still, too, either, besides, otherwise…22.I‟ve never been to China and _________ I don‟t know much about it.23.When you meet ______ new word, look it up in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your most useful book.24.… But my mood quickly changed when I saw ______ first question. Prepsitions25.First, they fail to find suitable words to express themselves due to a limited vocabulary…The third reason is that not enough attention is paid_____listening.26.There is no easy way to success _______ language learning. Comparative,Superlative degrees27. I have spent most of my career as a travelling salesman. There is nothing lonelier ______ eating meals in a coffee shop….28. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary _______ (big). Read as many books as we can. Test Point 4:Phrases and words patterns(固定搭配) 29. … ________ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn‟t eat that food!30. I was so careless ________ I had forgotten all about that.Test Point 5:Changes or words(词性变化)31. Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to show my _____________ (appreciate) I decided to get her a present.32. They can see plays, films, operas and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest _________ (excite) football match.33. I must know how to care for others and try not to _____________ (understand) them.34. In the small towns of the United States in the ___________ (nineteen) century, the general store was where everyone bought the things he c ouldn‟t make or grow at home.。