英国文学史一些重要的作家及其成就

1.(1)Chaucer:He is the earlist writer of humanist thought .he is the first man use many common English word in his writing.His early influence as a satirist is also important.Chaucer was a man of immense knowledge, culture and experience. He wrote wittily and observantly and never boringly. He lived at a time when English was beginning to emerge in something resembling its present form, which makes him accessible to the modern reader. Chaucer's great achievement was to establish English as a major literary language. Nothing like his "Canterbury Tales" had been produced before in English and it is a masterpiece of characterisation and narrative. He is able to present them with a wonderfully detached but sympathetic eye .he also might have been continuing an English tradition that had evolved from the alliterative verse of the Middle Ages and reflected the 'natural' rhythms of English speech.1.(2)MIlton:h e is political both in life and art.he is a militant pamphleteer of the English literature and the he is the greatest revolutionary poet of the 17th century;h e wrote the greatest epic in English literature,and he and Shakespeare have always been regard as two patterns of English verse;h e is a master of blank verse,he is the first man use in non-dramatic works;h e is a great stylist and famous for his grand style.h is sublimity of thought and majesty of expression have admired by many people.2.<Of studies>"Of Studies" is written by Francis Bacon,the founder of English materialist philosophy.He is the first English essayist."Of Studies" is the most famous essay of Bacon's collection of 58 essays. This paper analyzes the main purpose of learning, shows that different people has different learning methods.Also it tells that how study could have a subtle influence on human character. "Of studies" uses the marvelous and convincing language.It has concise and compact structure. Bacon reveals the objective attitude of learning to readers .AS its structure,he used many rhetoric methods,such as parallelism, Using this way could enhance persuasiveness of this essay.3.(1)Shakespeare is a major representative in Renaissance.He has 154 sonnets,37 plays and 2 long narrative poems.He is one of the founders of realism in world literature.Shakespeare's work has made a lasting impression on later theatre and literature. In particular, he expanded the dramatic potential of characterization, plot, language, and genre. His work heavily influenced later poetry. The Romantic poets attempted to revive Shakespearean verse drama, though with little success. Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens. In Shakespeare's day, English grammar, spelling and pronunciation were less standardize than they are now,and his use of language helped shape modern English.The popularity of Shakespeare is a worldwide phenomenon.His name has been known to China for more than a hundred year,and many of his plays have been widely read among Chinese people.Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance,and one of the greatest writers the world over.3.(2)Charles Dickens was the greatest critical Realism Novelist in the 19th century in Britain.he was the most popular English novelist of Victorian era and remais popular ,his novels have delighted generations of readers with their warmth and gentle humor. his achievement was second to to those of Shakespeare.The tone of his works changed from naive optimism to gloom,which shows Dickens criticized and exposed the evils of capitalist society from the humanist point if view.His greatest contributions of his works were in drawing attention to the horrifying and disgusting conditions of poverty in which most of London lived. He also served on several boards that addressed the issues of poverty; he was one of the founders and primary donors of a house for prostitutes who wanted to "get out of the life." He was able to place many girls in service outside London, where the need and temptation to return to the life was highest.4Jane Austen was an English realism novelist who biting social commentary,having masterful use of free indirect speech,burlesque and irony have earned her a place as one of the most widely read and best-loved writers in English literature.4.From 1811 and 1815,with the release of Sense and Sensibility,Pride and Prejudice,Mansfield Park,and Emma,she achieved success as a published writer.She wrote two additional novels,Northanger Abbey and Persuasion,both published after her death.A usten's works critique the novels of sensibility of the second half of the eighteenth century and are part of the transition to nineteenth century realism.Austen's plots,though fundamentally comic,highlight the dependence of women on marriage to secure social standing and economic security.E lizabeth embodies the true value of their marriage and what time to pursue.Elizabeth has several different approaches to Darcy's marriage proposal.In fact it reflects the women's pursuit of personality independence and equal rights.Elizabeth ,clever,courageous,visionary,has a strong self-esteem and good thinking.This makes her assertive in the issue of her love,and gained happiness at the end.。