高一英语语法复习之定语从句

高一英语语法总复习定语从句

一、定语从句的基本概念

由关系代词或副词引导一个句子来修饰一个名词、代词亦或一个句子的从句被称之为定语从句(又称形容词性从句)，是跟名词性从句以及状语从句(又称副词性从句)相齐名的三大从句之一。

1.定语从句的要素

一是先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，亦或是一个句子；

二是关系词：引导定语从句的词，又分成关系代词和关系副词；

三是关系词在定语从句中所要充当的充分：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定

语；关系副词在从句中只可以充当状语。

①Gun control is a subject __________ Americans have argued about for a long time.

②The news will be most welcome to those ___________ jobs are poorly paid.

③The town _________ we visited last week is the one __________ the famous painter was born.

④I often think of the days _________I stayed with you, ______ has had a great effect on my life.

⑤Many westerners _________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries.

2.定语从句的种类

限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制作用，若没有了这个从句，句子意思要么不完整要么就意思发生改变，故主从句之间不用逗号隔开。

Finally he reached a lonely island __________ was completely cut off from the outside world.

非限制性定语从句：从句对其所修饰的先行词补充说明，若没有这个从句，句意相对完整，故主从句之间往往用逗号隔开。

The result of the experiment was very good, _________we hadn’t expected.

二、关系代(副)词的基本用法

1.

①

animals.

②She brought with her three friends, none of _________ I had ever met before.

③The report _____________ Mr Smith handed in was about the motor race.

④My friend showed me around the town, ___________ was very kind of him.

⑤The girl __________legs was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital immediately.

⑥_________ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years.

2.关系代词的用法注意点

（1）定语从句中，只能用关系代词that的情况

①先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时

Now all _______ is urgently needed is money and hands.

②先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时

We heard clearly every word _______ he said.

③先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时

This is the most interesting storybook _______ that I have ever read.

④先行词既指人又指物时

She described in her compositions the people and places _______ impressed her most.

⑤先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时

He’s the only boy in our town _______ enters the Beijing University.

⑥句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时

Who is the girl _______ drove the car?

（2）定语从句中，不能用关系代词that的情况

▲在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代事/物，用who/whom指人, 不能用that;

He had failed in the maths exam, _________made his father very angry.

He feels honored to work with Mr Li, ________has a good reputation in the business.

▲在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人, 不能用that; The house in _________we live is very large.

A doctor with _________ James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Educator.

▲先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时常常用who;

God help those _________help themselves.

▲有两个定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用了that, 另外一个则用which 或who。

Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library ________was newly open to us.

3.

3.

(1).where引导的定语从句

关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示(具体或抽象的)地点的名词。特别注意下面这些表示地点的抽象名词：atmosphere(氛围）, case（情况）, situation（情况，形势）, point（地点；阶段）, stage（舞台；阶段）, position（位置）等。例：We all admire and respect our English teacher because she has a gift for creating an atmosphere _______ we can communicate freely with each other.

(2) when引导的定语从句

关系副词when引导定语从句时, 只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。但是有些名词不是一眼就能看出是表示时间的，要经过认真分析才能确定。

例：Spring Festival is the most important festival in China and an occasion _______ all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West.

(3)The reason why(定语从句)...is that(表语从句)...…为什么……的原因是……

The reason ____ he refused to attend the meeting was _____they didn’t sent him an invitation earlier.