中考英语复习定语从句关系代词、关系副词讲解

定语从句一、语法框架10+9+8 10种词性冠名树动形代副连介叹9种词性主谓宾定状补表双宾同位语

5种简单句①主谓宾②主谓双宾

8种句型

③主谓宾宾补④主谓

⑤主系表3种高级及合句①定语从句

②状语从句③名词性从句

二、定语从句1、定义：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟它所修饰的先行词之后。

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a professor.

该句中who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句先行词是the man

Who是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man,在定语从句中做主语。

先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词在定语从句中指代先行词。

关系代词：在从句中充当主干成分，从句不是完整的句子。

指代人who whose whom that指代物which that whose

关系副词：在从句中不充当主干成分，从句是完整的句子。

指代其他①修饰时间when②修饰地点where

③修饰原因why2、关系代词引导的定语从句

(1)关系代词的基本用法①who指人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。

One who has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.

Anyone who laughs last laughs best.

The girl who I appreciate is called Mary.

②whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

The professor whom you are waiting for has come.

The girl whom the teacher often praises is our monitor.

③Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可省略。

The shop which sells all kinds of sports shoes has closed down.

The book which he wrote in 1935 still sells well.

④That指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Is she the girl that sells newspapers?

They planted some trees that didn't need much water.

The gift that she treasured most is so distinctive.

⑤Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。

I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.

You are the only one whose advice he might listen to .

1 will talk to the students whose homework hasn't been done.

(2) Whose指代物时，可由n+of which做同义替换The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

——The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

——Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

(3)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是判断介词的选择.

方法一:根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配

方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词与介词的习惯搭配

关系代词在定语从句中宾语时，从句有时由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which或whom;不可用that或who代替

The school he once studied in is very famous.

The school he once studied is very famous.

There was nobody she could turn to in the dark.

There was nobody she could turn in the dark.

(4)只能用that引导的定语从句代词顺序问题最多①先行词是everything、anything、nothing等不定代词,或当现行词有every> any、some>

no、little> few、much、all 等不定代词或the very、the only> the last 修饰时

Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said?

There seems to be nothing that is impossible for him in the world.

All that can be done has been done.

This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.

②先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时

The first place that they visited was the Big Ben.

③ 主句出现了who which等疑问词时

Who is the man that is standing by the gate?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

④现行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

⑤先行词又有人又有物时

They talked about the persons and things that they remembered.

Look at the man and his donkey that are walking along the street.

(5)只用which的情况:

①逗号后面

Jim passed the driving test, which surprised everybody in the office.

The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.

He burst into my room without knocking at the door; which made me very angry. ②介词后面The day on which he was born was Aug 20 ,1952.

3、关系副词引导的定语从句（1）关系副词的基本用法

①when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语。

I still remember the day when I first came to this school.

Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?

②Where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。

This is the place where Lu Xun was born.

This is the place where he works.

③Why指原因，在定语从句中原因状语，固定搭配the reason why。