科学论文：斯诺的两种文化观

科学论文：斯诺的两种文化观

【中文摘要】1959年,英国物理学家、小说家C·P·斯诺在剑桥大学作了一场著名的演讲,他在演讲中提出,存在着两种截然不同的文化:由于科学家与人文学者在教育背景、学科训练、研究对象、以及所使用的方法和工具等诸多方面的差异,他们关于文化的基本理念和价值判断经常处于相互对立的位置,并且还相互鄙视、甚至不屑于去尝试理解对方的立场。这一现象就被称为"斯诺命题"。斯诺认为两种文化的分裂必然会妨碍社会和个人的进步与发展。本文先从斯诺的"两种文化"观展开,第一章分析了斯诺提出"两种文化"的背景,分别从哲学背景和现实背景着手;而后第二章对斯诺的"两种文化"的观点进行说明分析,斯诺在剑桥发表的演讲主要说明了3个问题:一是西方社会的智力生活已经日益分裂为两个极端这个现象;二是分析和思考了两种文化分裂现象的原因;三是这种分裂会给社会和个人造成损失,也压抑了人类的创造性。大多数知识分子只了解一种文化,只能站在自己的角度对现实做出不正确的解释,对过去进行不适当的描述,对未来又做出错误的估计。斯诺指出导致"两种文化"分裂日益严重的原因主要有两点:"一是我们对专门化教育的盲目信任,二是我们的社会形态定型化倾向。"①当然"两种文化"分裂的长期存在,是有一些深层的原因的,在这一章中会有简单介绍与说明;这里对"两种文化"的论战也做了介绍和分析。第三章探讨"两种文化"融合的可能性,先分析和说明了斯诺"两种文化"整合论,而后分别从科学史与心理学以及后现代主义列举并分析了具有代表性的人物对"两种文化"融合的观点。最后在第四章中,分析了斯诺"两种文化"观对我国可持续发展的启示和借鉴,分别从科学技术本身的发展、法制建设、教育体制改革这三个方面进行了探讨。如今,两种文化的分裂不但没有缓解,反而有愈演愈烈的趋势,主要表现为"科学主义"的盛行。要促成科学技术与人文文化的融合,首先应给科学技术一个准确的人文定位,破除对科学技术的盲目崇拜。如今,科学与人文走向融合的呼声已成为整个中西方学术界的主流,并且从学术界逐渐深入到了社会大众的生活层面。我国目前还处于社会主义初级阶段,要提升综合国力就必须依靠科学技术的大力发展,从而满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求。但是,一个不容我们忽视的现状正制约着我国可持续发展战略的实施:人们狭隘的思想使其沉迷于现有的物质利益与享受而不顾未来的子孙后代。所以,我们必须更加重视人文在教化人类向善、为科技发展提供正确导向的价值。

【英文摘要】On 1959, the British physicist and novelist C.P. Snow delivered a famous speech at Cambridge University. In this speech, he addressed that there are two very different kinds of cultures: due to the fact that scientists and humanists differ greatly in terms of educational backgrounds, disciplinary training, subjects of research and the methods and means employed for the research, etc., they are often positioned in opposite grounds with each other with regard to the cultural aspect of the fundamental principles and value judgements. Moreover, there is even mutual disdain, and no attempts to understand the standpoints of each other were made. This phenomenon is called the Snow Proposition. Snow claims that the split between the two cultures will result in the eventual hindrance of the advancement and the development of the society and the individual.This paper begins with Snow's "two kinds of cultures" concept. The first chapter analyzes the background information of the Two Kinds of Cultures Snow proposed, respectively from a philosophical background and practical one. Then the second chapter describes and analyzes the viewpoint of Snow's speech in Cambridge, concerning the three main issues. First, the intellectual life of Western society has been increasingly being divided into two extremes. Second, analysis and thought about the reasons for splitting the two cultures are

shown. Third, this division will not only result in loss of society and individuals, but also suppression of the human creativity. Most intellectuals knowing only one kind of culture can only stand to make their own point of view, making incorrect interpretation of the reality, unsuitable description of the past and wrong estimation of the future. Snow pointed out two main reasons for the serious split of the two cultures. The first one is our blind trust in specialized education, while the second one is the tendency of social form stereotypes. Of course, there are some deeper reasons for the split of two kinds of culture. In this chapter, there will be a brief introduction and explanation. Besides, the debate occurring after Snow's two kinds of culture were proposed is also introduced and analyzed. The third chapter discusses the possibility of integration of the two kinds of culture. Analysis and description of the integration theory of Snow's two kinds of culture are presented firstly. After that, integration viewpoint of the two kinds of culture by representative figures is analyzed and listed from the history of science, psychology and postmodernism. Finally the inspiration and reference from Snow's viewpoint of two kinds of culture in socialist construction in China are analyzed. They are discussed respectively from the development of science itself, the legal system construction and the educational reform. Currently, the split of the two kinds of culture has not alleviated, but intensified, which is shown mainly in the prevalence of the "scientism". To promote the integration of science and human culture, an accurate humanistic orientation for science should first be given to get rid of the blind worship of science and technology. Today, the voice for intergration of science and humanity has become the mainstream of Western academia. It is also penetrated into the community gradually from the academia.At present, China is in the primary stage of socialism, we must rely on science and technology to develop and enhance our overall national strength, meeting people's growing material and cultural needs gradually. However, narrow thinking regardless of future generations and the situation that people enjoy indulging in material interests restrict the implementation of the strategy of sustainable development in China. We have to pay more attention to the cultivation of human goodness in order to provide the right technology-driven value.

【关键词】科学人文分裂融合人文价值

【英文关键词】Science Humanities Split Integration Humanistic Value

【目录】斯诺的两种文化观摘要4-5Abstract5-6引言9-110.1 本课题研究的必要性90.2 本课题的研究意义9-100.3 论文的研究方法及其篇章结构10-11第1章斯诺提出"两种文化"的背景11-171.1 斯诺"两种文化"观提出的哲学背景11-141.1.1 近代以来的形而上学自然观的兴起与发展11-121.1.2 19 世纪以来的唯科学主义思潮12-141.2 斯诺"两种文化"观提出的现实背景14-171.2.1 两个文化群体不能交流或不交流141.2.2 科技革命的胜利和工业革命的成就带来了科学万能论14-151.2.3 两次世界大战，使人们对"科学进步论"有了深刻反省15-17第2章斯诺对"两种文化"的分析17-252.1 斯诺"两种文化"的提出17-182.2 斯诺对"两种文化"分裂的原因分析18-212.2.1 "我们对专门化教育的盲目信任"18-192.2.2 "我们的社会形态定型化倾向"19-212.3 "两种文化"论战的案例分析21-252.3.1 科玄论战21-232.3.2 索卡尔事件和科学大战23-25第3章两种文化融合的不同进路25-343.1 斯诺"两种文化"的整合论25-263.2 科学史与心理学的融合方式26-283.2.1 萨顿的"科学人文主义"26-273.2.2 马斯洛的"存在认知论"27-283.3 后现代主义关于"两种文化"融合的观点28-343.3.1 罗蒂的"后哲学文化"28-303.3.2 费耶阿本德"科学与人文融合问题的消解"30-313.3.3 戴维·格里芬"整体有机论的科学观"31-34第4章斯诺"两种文化"观对我国可持续发展的启示和借鉴34-384.1 科