路易十四与专制统治【英文】

Historical causes
Destruction caused by religious wars [justified strong rule] Huge increases in wealth from exploration Conflicted with individualism of the Renaissance
Am I In Charge? Absolutely!
Special Guest Louis XIV
Absolutism
16th and 17th Centuries Political theory that believed in the “Divine Right of Kings” Monarchs received their authority from God They were responsible to God alone Bishop Bossuet established this in Politics Taken From the Very Words of Scripture. Bishop Jacques Bossuet
Louis XIV (1643-1715): The Sun King and
Baller



Worked with the nobility to mutually increase prestige Louis won military taxation from Languedoc in exchange of his granting nobility increased social status and access to him Palace of Versailles overwhelmed and inspired, center of government Great host of ceremonies and excluded the most powerful nobles "L'État, c'est moi" (the state is me)
The Fronde
Civil wars between 1648-1653 Growing resentment about increased power of monarchy Cardinal Jules Mazarin succeeded Richelieu and was not the same enforcer People refused to pay taxes Monarchy would have to compromise with bureaucrats and social elite Convinced Louis XIV that absolute monarchy is necessary to prevent anarchy
Government administration with employees that answer only to the King Bureaucrats serve the state not themselves or local interests
Absolutely in charge. Really?
Win the hearts and minds 1589 Henry IV became king Sharply lowered taxes on peasants Chief Minister Sully streamlined taxes and increased trade
‘a chicken in every pot’
Cardinal Richelieu: Chief Minister
Appointed by Marie de Medici, mother of heir Louis XIII, following Henry IV’s murder to advise her son Laid the foundation for French absolutism Excluded nobles from the royal council, leveled castles and ruthlessly killed any conspirators Increased government efficiency by creating intendants who answered to the king only and governed at the local level Established the French Academy
Absolutists did not have the consent of their citizens Lacked the financial, military and technology resources to be total control
SБайду номын сангаасtting up French Absolutism
How to get absolute power
Rid yourself of other pesky institutions that have local control or power [tribunals or nobles]. Centralize your power and administration Use secret police to establish fear, quiet dissenters and maintain order Create and maintain standing armies Tax, tax, tax and control it yourself using bureaucracies