第六章法律题材翻译

alleged cause of action damages day in court due process of law issue of fact issue of law legal fiction material evidence plea bargain reasonable doubt reasonable man subrogation without prejudice
法律英语的篇章特征

程式化 规范化
法律英语文本的翻译

信、达、雅 vs.忠实 直译法 vs.诠释法
词的翻译

准确性 同一性
英翻中：把握准确性

专业用语的翻译 复合副词的翻译 配对词和三连词的翻译 模糊用语的翻译
专业用语的翻译


例1：The Directors may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital，or any part thereof， and subject to Section 80 of the Company Act, to issue and create mortgages, charges, memoranda of deposits, debentures, debenture stock and other securities whether outright or as security for any debts, liability or obligation of the Company or any third party． uncalled capital是“未收资本”，mortgage是“按揭”，charge 是“抵押”，memorandum of deposit是“存放单”， debenture是“债券”，debenture stock是“公司债券”， securities是“证券”。
准确性词语



all each and every impossible irrevocable never none unavoidable wherever whoever
所有的 每一个 不可能 不可撤消 永远不 没有 无法避免 任何地方 任何人
模糊性词语

adequate due process excessive improper reasonable speed related sufficient unreasonable
适当的 正当程序 额外的 不适当的 合理的速度 相关的 足够的 不合理的
情态动词

may 旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么） shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么） may not（或shall not）用于禁止性义务（不 得做什么）
不在犯罪现场 善意 单方 人身保护令 有关…事宜 在其他事项中 法院地法 人均 本身 初步的，表面的 法定人数 越权行为 诉，对
法语
地役权 不可抗力 疏忽延误 留置权 诉讼 侵权 侵犯、闯入私人领地





easement force majeure laches lien suit tort trespass
法律英语的句式特征

陈述句 完整句 被动句 长句
陈述句

Whoever commits arson, breaches a dike, causes explosion, spreads poison or uses other dangerous means to sabotage any factory, mine, oilfield, harbor, river, water source, warehouse, house, forest, farm, threshing grounds, pasture, key pipeline, public building or any other public or private property, thereby endangering public security but causing no serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixedterm imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years.
前述的 前述的 特此 于此处 至此 尽管 根据 说（第三人称单数现在时） 其 即 为何，因此
拉丁语






alibi bona fide ex parte habeas corpus in re inter alia lex fori per capita per se prima facie quorum ultra vires versus
第六章 法律题材翻译
法律题材文本特点
法律英语的词汇特征 一、古英语和中世纪英语 二、拉丁语和法语 三、法律术语和行话 四、具有法律意义的常用词 五、同义词或近义词的并列 六、准确性词语和模糊性词语 七、情态动词

古英语词语



aforementioned foregoing hereby herein hereto notwithstanding pursuant to saith thereof to wit wherefore
被指控的 诉由 赔偿金 出庭日 法律正当程序 事实上的争论点 法律上的争论点 法律拟制 关键证据 辩诉交易（认罪求情协议） 合理怀疑 正常的人 代位权 不使合法权利受到损害
常用词 action brief construction finding motion practice security service
完整句





In the Contract（as hereinafter defined）the following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them, except where the context otherwise requires: 1.1 "Employer" means the person named as such in this contract and the legal successors in title to such person, but not （except with the consent of the Contractor） any assignee of such person. 1.2 "Contractor" means the person whose tender has been accepted by the Employer and the legal successors in title to such person but not （except with the consent of the Employer） any assignee of such person. 1.3 "Subcontractor" means any person named in the Contract as a Subcontractor for a part of the Works or any person to whom a part of the Works has been subcontracted with the consent of the Engineer and the legal successors in title to such person, but not any assignee of any such person. …
被动句


The validity of an arbitration clause or an arbitration agreement shall not be affected by the modification， rescission，termination，invalidity，revocation or non-existence of the contract. Adequate food and refreshment will be supplied free. You are not entitled to receive from outside anything except the basic necessities of clothing. However you may, if you request, be permitted at your own expense to have food from outside to be brought to you subject to inspection.

Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu


have, hold and possess last will and testament mentioned or referred to modified and changed obey, observe and comply with right, title and interest save and except true and correct void and of no effect within and under the terms of
具有法律意义的常用词 一般意义
行动 简短的，简洁的 建设 发现 运动 练习，实践 安全 服务
法律意义 诉讼 案情说明书 （法律）解释 判决，裁定 动议 诉讼程序，诉讼实务 抵押品，担保品 送达（传票）
同义词或近义词的并列





acknowledge and confess authorize, direct and empower business, enterprise and undertaking by and with cancel, annul and set aside cease and come to an end cease and terminate final and conclusive for and on behalf of give and grant
常见的法律术语





clause decree draft law enforcement legislation offender specific performance will
条款 法令
法案，草案 法律的实施
立法 罪犯 实际履行 遗嘱
常见的法律行话

长句



The context for the purpose of the interpretation of a treaty shall comprise in addition to the text， including its preamble and annexes； （a） any agreement relating to the treaty which was made between all the parties in connection with the conclusion of the treaty； （b） any instrument which was made by one or more parties in connection with the conclusion of the treaty and accepted by the other parties as an instrument related to the treaty.