专八人文知识(英国文学)
英国文学知识（专八人文知识必备）
英国文学知识（专八人文知识必备）英国文学知识一、中古英国文学1.Beowulf : the oldest poem in the English language and the most importantspecimen of Anglo-Saxon literature.2.Geoffrey Chaucer: he is acclaimed as the father of English Poetry and father ofEnglish fiction. His masterpiece。
The Canterbury TalesThe Romaunt of the RoseThe Legend of good WomenThe House of Fame二、文艺复兴时期时间：14世纪到17世纪中后期特点：Humanism became the keynote of English Renaissance著名作家：1.Thomas More: Utopia2.Edmund Spenser (a poet):The Faerie QueenThe Shepherd Calendar3.Christopher Marlowe( a poet and dramatist):Edward IIDr. FaustusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta4.William Shakespeare喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s DreamAs you like itMerchant of VeniceThe Twelfth night悲剧：Romeo and JulietThe Tempest四大悲剧：Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet主要历史剧：Henry IV, Henry V5.Francis BaconEssaysThe advancement of learning6.John DonneThe Elegies and SatiresThe Songs and Sonnets7.John Milton (poet)晚年三首长诗Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes三：新古典主义时期时间：17世纪中后期到18世纪特点：The neoclassicists held that all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic and restrained emotion and accuracy.著名作家：1.John Dryden: All for Love2.John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s ProgressThe Holy WarThe life and Death of Mr. Badman3.Alexander Pope An Essay on CriticismAn Essay on ManThe Rape of the LockOdyssey4.Daniel Defoe(who is called the father of English and European novels)Robison CrusoeA journal of the Plague yearCaptain Singleton5.Jonathan SwiftGulliver’s TravelA Tale of a TubA Modest proposalThe Drapier’s letters6.Henry FieldingThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling7.Samuel Johnson (著名词汇家，第一部英语字典的编者)A Dictionary of the English LanguageThe Vanity of Human WishesLondon8.Richard Brinsley SheridanThe school for the scandalThe Rivals9.Thomas GrayElegy Written in a country churchyardOde on the spring四：浪漫主义时期时间：18世纪中期到19世纪中期特点：Romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty and is marked by a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom. The Romanticism period is an age of Poetry and poets.主要作家1.William BlakeSongs of ExperienceSongs of InnocencePoetical SketchesThe marriage of heaven and hell 2.William WordsworthLyrical BalladsTo the CuckooMy Heart leaps up3.Samuel Taylor Coleridge Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗三巨头1.George Gordon ByronCainDon JuanChilde Harold’s Pilgrimage2.Percy Bysshe ShelleyOde to the West WindOde to the Skylark Prometheus unboundedThe Necessity of Atheism Queen Mab3.John KeatsOde to AutumnOde to a nightingaleOde on a Grecian um 希腊古瓷颂Isabella以下各位不太重要：1.Charles LambTales from ShakespeareEssays of Elia2.Mary ShelleyFrankenstein3.Robert SoutheyJoan of Arc 圣女贞德小说家Jane AustinEmmaSense and SensibilityPride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkPersuasion五、VICTORIA PERIOD时间：维多利亚1837年继位，1901年去世。
专八人文知识
人文知识文学篇：1． Edmund Spencer 是英国文艺复兴时期最杰出的诗人，被誉为“诗人中的诗人”"Poet’s Poet"，首创“斯宾塞诗体Spencerian Stanza” (a verse form consisting of eight iambic pentameter lines)。
杰出作品《仙后》（The Faerie Queene），被誉为文艺复兴时期“最杰出的史诗”。
2．乔纳森·斯威夫特Jonathan Swift: 18世纪英国爱尔兰讽刺小说和散文大家，用散文和小说两柄利器抨击英王朝的腐败、昏暗与罪恶。
作品：游记体讽刺小说Gulliver’s Travels、A Modest Proposal（谴责英国对爱尔兰人民的剥削和压迫）。
3． Francis Scott Fitzgerald，二十世纪美国小说家。
请注意他并不是“迷惘的一代”的代表作家，但与之相似，作品表现了一战后年轻一代“美国梦”的破灭。
代表作品有：The Great Gatsby（他最有声誉的小说），This Side of Paradise，T ender Is the Night ，T ales of the Jazz Age4． Alliteration: 在头韵体诗歌里，一行里的几个单词以相同的辅音开头。
例如：might and main, saints and sinners 等。
英语解释：Alliteration is a rhetorical device. In alliterative verse, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound.5．朗费罗Henry Wadsworth Longfellow，19世纪美国最伟大的浪漫主义诗人之一。
他去世后英国的威斯敏斯特教堂的“诗人之角”Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey安放了他的半身像，是美国唯一获此殊荣的诗人。
专八备考人文知识题—英国文学部分
专八备考人文知识题—英国文学部分第一阶段：中古英国文学（8世纪——14世纪）1. Which of the following does not belong to the works of Geoffrey Chaucer?A. The Canterbury T alesB. The Vision of Piers PlowmanC. Troilus and CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose2. “_____” brings the readers into a world that be longs to the Celtic legend of King Arthur and his knights of the Round T able.A. The Vision of Piers PlowmanB. The House of FameC. The Romaunt of the RoseD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight3. Which of the following is the translation work of Geoffrey Chaucer?A. The Canterbury T alesB. Troilus and CriseydeC. The Romaunt of the RoseD. The House of Fame4. In the 14th century, the most important writer is _____.A. LanglandB. WyclifC. GowerD. Chaucer5. In Anglo-Saxon period, “Beowulf” rep resented the _____ poetry.A. paganB. religiousC. romanticD. sentimental6. When we speak of the old English prose, we might think of _____, who is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as father of English learning.A. William ShakespeareB. BeowulfC. Julius CaesarD. Venerable Bede7. _____ is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex.A. Alfred the GreatB. Venerable BedeC. Adam BedeD. king Arthur8. _____ is the culmination of the Arthurian romance.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. The Story of BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury T ales9. William Langland’s “_____” is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kublai KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur10. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the _____.A. FrenchB. LatinC. RomanceD. Science11. In which century were Geoffrey Chaucer’s Canterbury T ales written?A. FourteenthB. FifteenthC. SixteenthD. Seventeenth12. William Langland wrote for _____.A. the royal familyB. the courtC. the monksD. the common people13. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight focuses on _____.A. immediate social issuesB. the real life a s well as people’s feelings and desiresC. a remote world belongs to the Celtic Legend of King Arthur and his knightsD. the imagination of the future world14. King Alfred’s Anglo Saxon Chronicle was written in _____ form.A. poeticB. dramaticC. proseD. none of the above【答案及题解】1. B The Vision of Piers Plowman 是作家威廉·兰格伦的作品。
专八人文知识总结(终)
11、E.M．Forster: 《通往印度之路》
12、George Bernard Shaw萧伯纳：Widowers' Houses《鳏夫的房产》，Heartbreak House《伤心之家》，Mrs. Warren's Profession《华伦夫人的职业》
4、Ballads 民谣：Robin Hood and Allin-a-Dale《罗宾汉和阿林代尔》。
三、 The Renaissance文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）
1、 Thomas More托马斯·莫尔： Utopia《乌托邦》
2、 Thomas Wyatt 最先将sonnet引入英国文学。
2、 Coleridge柯勒律治：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner《古舟子咏》Christabel《克里斯特贝尔》, Kubla Khan《忽必烈汗》
3、 Southey骚赛：桂冠诗人；
4、 George Gordon Byron乔治·戈登·拜伦： Don Juan《唐璜》
悲观时期： David Copperfield《董贝父子》，David Copperfield《大卫科波菲尔》
后期：Bleak House《荒凉山庄》，Hard Times《艰难时世》A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》，Great Expectations《远大前程》
14、Thackeray萨克雷：Vanity Fair《名利场》
2、Yeats叶芝：爱尔兰使人 《芦苇的风》《库尔的野天鹅》《驶向拜占庭》。
英国文学
英语专八考试人文知识总结其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。
一、英国文学主要分为六个时期：1. Old and Medieval English Literature（中古英国文学）。
2. The Renaissance Period（文艺复兴时期）。
3. The Neoclassical Period（新古典主义时期）。
4. The Romantic Period（维多利亚时期）。
5. The Victorian Period（维多利亚时期）。
6. The Modern Period（现代时期）。
二、美国文学主要分为四个时期：1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence（独立革命前后的文学）。
2. American Romanticism（美国浪漫主义文学）。
3. American Realism（美国现实主义文学）。
4. American Modernism（美国现代主义文学）。
语言学，考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学，音位学，形态学，句法学，语义学和语言学的知识。
关于英语国家概况，英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程，但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况，不光包括英国和美国，还有其他一些说英语的地区，包括爱尔兰概况，加拿大概况，澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。
三、英国地理概况the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.英吉利海峡：英吉利海峡是一道狭长的海峡，分割英法两国，连接大西洋和北海。
the dee estuary: a small sea ( in irish sea) where the dee river enters.迪河河口：是迪河流入的一个小海。
英语专八文学常识
英语专八文学常识英语专八文学常识英国文学(English Literature)一、 Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学 (8世纪-14世纪)1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期 (449-1066) a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf《贝奥武甫》- 最早的诗歌；长诗(3000行) heroism & fatalism & Christian qualities the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes; a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善-恶-有-报b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English song Cynewulf(基涅武甫 9C): The Christc. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901)2) The Medieval Period 中世纪 (1066-ca.1485 / 1500):a. Romance 中世纪传奇故事 (1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌无名诗人 - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《高文爵士与绿色骑士》: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines ~ 14th C, Age of Chaucer:* Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家 The Canterbury Tales: pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron《十日谈》启发The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰罗曼史》(译作) * William Langland(朗兰1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman《农夫皮尔斯之幻象》: 普通人眼中的社会抗-议b.15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471) : Morte d’Arthur《亚瑟王之死》- 圆桌骑士二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴(1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧1) 诗歌 Henry Howard(霍华德 1516-1547)a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literatureb. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想 - “the complete man” Defense of Poetry《为诗辩护》 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia《阿卡狄亚》: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern worldc.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞1552-1599): the poets’ poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代 - long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen《仙后》：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line.12) Prose 散文a. Thomas More(莫尔 1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人 Utopia《乌托邦》: More与海员的对话b. John Lyly (黎里 1553-160，剧作家&小说家)：EupheusEuphuism(夸饰文体): Abundant use of balanced sentences, alliterations(头韵) and other artificial prosodic(韵律) means. The use of odd similes(明喻) and comparisonsc. Francis Bacon (培根 1561-1626)：英国首位散文家，中世纪至现代欧洲时期; 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱the trumpeter of a new age; Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic3) 戏剧a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛 1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派 Edward II；The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English dramaThe Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧》：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。
专八英国文学常识
专八英国文学常识专八英国文学常识１．the renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is not such an event?a．the rediscovery of ancient rome and greek culture．b．england's domestic rest．c．new discovery in geography and astrology．d．the religious reformation and the economic expansion．２．which of the following is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the english language．a．the pilgrim's progressb．grace abounding to the chief of sinnersc．the life and death of mr．badmand．the holy war３．it is___________alone who, for the first time in english literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the english society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life．a．geoffrey chaucerb．martin lutherc．william langlandd．john gower４．all of the following four except___________are the most eminent dramatists in the renaissance england．a．francis baconb．christopher marlowec．william shakespeared．ben jonson５．it is generally regarded that keats's most important and mature poems are in the form of___________．a．elegyb．odec．epicd．sonnet６．daniel defoe's novels mainly focus on___________．a．the struggle of the unfortunate for mere existenceb．the struggle of the shipwrecked persons for securityc．the struggle of the pirates for wealthd．the desire of the criminals for property７．in beowulf,___________fought against the monster grendel and a five breathing dragon．a．the anglo-saxonsb．beowulfc．the scandinaviand．the winter dragon８．francis bacon is best known for his___________which greatly influenced the development of this literary form．a．essaysb．poemsc．worksd．plays９．most of thomas hardy's novels are set in wesse-x___________．a．a crude region in englandb．a fictional primitive regionc．a remote rural aread．hardy's hometown１０．we can perhaps describe the west wind in shelley'spoem "ode to the west wind" with all the following terms except___________．a．swiftb．proudc．tamedd．wild１１．"blindness", "partiality", "prejudice", and "absurdity" in the novel "pride and prejudice" are most likely the characteristics of___________．a．elizabethb．darcyc．mr．bennetd．mrs．bennet１２．the modern english novel came into being in___________．a．the middle of the 17th centuryb．the 17th centuryc．the late 18th centuryd．the middle of the 18th century１３．who is not the major figure of modernist movement?a．eliotb．joycec．charles dickensd．pound１４．who is considered to be the best known english dramatist since shakespeare?a．oscar wildeb．john galsworthyc．w．b．yeatsd．george bernard shaw１５．of the following poets, which is not regarded as "lake poets"?a．samuel taylor coleridgeb．robert southyc．william words worthd．william shakespeare１６．in the first part of gulliver's travels, gulliver told his experience in___________．a．lilliputb．brobdingnagc．houyhnhnmd．england１７．which of the following cannot describe "byronic hero"?a．proudb．mysteriousc．noble origind． progressive１８．in the history of literature, romanticism is generally regarded as ．a．the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and all experience．b．the thought that designates man as a social animalc．the orientation that emphasizes those features which men have in commond．the modes of thinking１９．the term "metaphysical poetry" is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of___________．a．john miltonb．john donnec．john keatsd．john bunyan２０．"the vanity fair" is a well-known part in___________．a．the pilgrim's progressb．grace abounding to the chief of sinnersc．the life and death of mr．badmand．the holy war２１．in oliver twist, charles criticizes___________．a．money worshipping tendencyb．dehumanizing of workhouse systemc．hypocrisy of the upper societyd．distortion of human heart２２．which of the following plays by shakespeare is history play?a．julius caesarb．the merry wives of windsorc．henry ivd．king lear２３．who is regarded as a "worshipper of nature"．a．john keatsb．william blakec．william wordsworthd．jane austen２４．which of the following writing is not the work by charles dickens?a．a tale of two citiesb．hard timesc．oliver twistd．sons and lovers２５．the 18th century england is known as the___________ in the history．a．romanticismb．classicismc．renaissanced．enlightenment专八人文知识（英国文学）(3)2016-07-17 22:59 | #2楼william wordsworth威廉华兹华斯1770-1850 an evening walk 黄昏漫步;lyrical ballads抒情歌谣集（与柯勒律治合编）;lucy poems 露西组诗(she dwett among the untrodden ways;to the cuckoo杜鹃颂;i wandered lonely as a cloud;the solitary reaper孤寂的刈麦人);ode on intimations of immorality不朽颂;ode to duty义务颂;the excursion远足;the prelude序曲samuel taylor coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834 lyrical ballads;the fall of the bastille巴士底狱的毁灭;the rime of the ancient mariner老船夫;kubla khan忽必烈汗;biographia literaria文学传记robert southey骚塞 joan of arc wat tylergeorge gordon byron乔治拜伦1788-1824 hours of idliness 懒散的时刻;english bords and scottish reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;childe harold’s pilgrimage,cantos i and ii,canto iii 1818恰罗德哈罗德游记;ode to the framers of the frame-bill编织机法案编制者颂;oriental tales东方叙事诗(the bride of abydos阿比道斯的新娘;the corsa海盗;the siege of corinth柯林斯之围);manfred曼弗雷德;the age of bronze青铜世纪;don juan唐璜名诗：she walks in beauty;the isles of greecepercy bysshe shelley波西比希雪莱1792-1822 queen mab麦布女王;prometheus unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;adonais阿东尼斯;the cenci钦契;song to the men of england致英国人民;englandin 1819;the masque of anarchy专制魔王的化装游-行;ode to the west wind/a skylark西风/云雀颂;a defence of poetry诗辩john keats约翰济兹1795-1821 endymion恩底弥翁;isabella伊莎贝拉;the eve of sanit agnes圣爱尼节前夜;ode on a grecian urn 希腊古瓮颂;ode to a nightingale夜莺颂;to autumn秋颂;hyperion 赫披里昂（未完成）20、charles lamb查尔斯兰姆1775-1834 tales from shakespeare莎士比亚故事集;alburn verses诗集;essay of elia伊利亚散文集(dream children梦中儿女;a dissertation unpon roast pig 烤猪论;old china古瓷;new year’s eve除夕;the praise of chimney sweepers扫烟囱童工赞;the superannuated man领取养老金的人;a bachelor’s complaint of the behavior of married people单身汉对结过婚的人的行为的抱怨)walter scott瓦尔特司各特1771-1832 诗：the minstrlsy of the scottish border苏格兰边区歌谣集;marimion玛里恩;the lady of the lake湖上夫人小说：waverley威弗利;guy mannering盖曼纳令;rob roy罗布罗伊;the heart of midlothian米德洛西恩监狱;ivanhoe艾凡赫;kenilworth坎尼尔华斯;woodstock皇家猎馆;queentin durward 昆廷达沃part 6. english critical realismthomas hood胡德1799-1845 the song of the shirt衬衫之歌;the bridge of sighs悲叹之桥;miss kilmansegg and her precious leg基尔曼塞格小姐和她贵重的`腿ernest jones琼斯1819-1869 小说：the women’s wrongs妇女们的委屈名诗：the song of the lower class;the song of the futurecharles dickens狄更斯1812-1870 the posthumous pa-pe-rs of the pickwick club匹克威克外传;oliver twist奥利弗退斯特;american notes美国札记;martin chuzzlewit马丁朱述尔维特;theold curiosity shop老古玩店;dombey and son董贝父子;david copperfield大卫科波菲尔;hard times艰难时世;a tale of two cities 双城记;great expectation远大前程william makepeacethackery萨克雷1811-1863 the book of snobs势利者集;vanity fair名利场;history of pendennis潘丹尼斯的历史;the history of henry esmond亨利艾斯芒的历史;the newcomes纽可谟一家;the virginians弗吉尼亚人jane austin简奥斯丁1775-1817 pride and prejudice傲慢与偏见;sense and sensibility理智与情感;emma爱玛;mansfield park曼斯菲尔德公园;persuasion好事多磨;northanger abbey诺桑觉寺charlote/emily/anne bronte夏洛蒂/爱米丽/安妮勃郎特1816-1855 jane eyre简爱;shirley雪丽/wuthering height呼啸山庄/agones grey艾格尼斯格雷elizabeth cleghorn gaskell盖斯凯尔1810-1865 mary barton 玛丽巴顿;ruth露斯;cranford克兰弗德;north and south北与南;life of charlote bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特传george eliot爱略特(mary ann evans)1819-1880 adam bede 亚当贝德;the mill on the floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；silas marner织工马南;middlemarch米德尔马契;felix holt,the radical。
专八考试人文知识英美文学部分
英国文学知识点总结一、中古世纪时期和文艺复兴时期1.The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on theirway to Canterbury, is an important poetic work by ______. (2006)A.William LanglandB. Geoffrey ChaucerC. William ShakespeareD. AlfredTennyson2.______ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed intofourteen lines. (2006)A.Free verseB. sonnetC. odeD. epigram重要文学术语一句话定义：Ballad 民谣：Ballad is a story in poetic form to be sung or recited. It was handed down from generation to generation. 代表作：Robin HoodEpic 史诗：Epic, in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actions of gods and heroes. 代表作：BeowulfRenaissance 文艺复兴：It meant the reintroduction into Western Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.Humanism 人文主义：Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.Spenserian stanza 斯宾塞诗节：it refers to a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter, the last line in iambic pentameter, rhyming ababbcbcc. 代表作：the Faerie QueeneSonnet 十四行诗: A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter. 代表人物：William Shakespeare重要人物和其代表作的一句话评价：Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟：He is regarded as the father of modern English poetry. 英国诗歌之父代表作：Canterbury Tales: A collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims.Philip Sidney 菲利普锡尼：He stands for the spirit of the Elizabeth age. 伊莉莎白时代精神的代表代表作：Defense of Poetry, Arcadia.Edmund Spenser 斯宾塞：the poet s’ poet. He created Spenser Stanza. 诗人中的诗人，斯宾塞诗节的创作者。
专八人文知识
专八人文知识一、概况1. 英国：①国旗：Union Jack，国歌：Godsave the queen，首都：伦敦②爱丁堡：苏格兰首府，Cardiff：威尔士首府，Belfast：北爱尔兰首府，英联邦成立于1931年，共53个成员国。
③英格兰脊梁：the Pennine Chain，最高峰：Ben Nevis，最重要的河：Thames river，第一大河：Severn river④英国政治：议会君主制，君主仅是国家首脑，真正的权利在首相（Prime Minister）及其内阁（cabinet）手中。
议会(Parliament)是立法机构，包括女王、上院(house of lords)、下院(house of commons)（权利真正来源）。
司法(judiciary)⑤党派：保守党（来源托利党）和工党（来源辉格党）2. 美国：①国旗：stars and stripes，国歌：the star-spangled banner星条旗永不落，国庆：7月4日，首都：华盛顿②北美脊梁：Rocky Mountains，五大湖（在美国和加拿大中间）：Lake Michigan/Superior/Erie/Huron/Ontario, 其中Lake Michigan是唯一一个全在美国的湖，Lake Ontario 和Lake Erie 之间有Niagara Falls，father of waters: the Mississippi River③纽约被称为“the Big Apple”，洛杉矶：有好莱坞，芝加哥：又名“the windy city”，旧金山：UN诞生地（1945年），波士顿：很多著名大学所在地④著名总统：Thomas Jefferson：撰写独立宣言，Abraham Lincoln：内战时期任职，废除奴隶制，解放妇女等，Roosevelt在经济大萧条时新政，Nixon：冷战及越南战争（楚门条约）⑤1812年，美国彻底摆脱英国控制。
专八人文知识经典总结——英国文学
James Joyce 乔伊斯
Dubiners都柏林人
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 青年艺术家的画像;
Ulysess尤利西斯
Songs of Experience 经验之歌
The Tiger
William Wordsworth
An Evening Walk 黄昏漫步
LyricaΒιβλιοθήκη Ballads 抒情歌谣集Lucy Poems露西组诗
Ode on Intimations of Immorality 不朽颂
The Prelude 序曲
New Instrument 新工具
Essays 论文集（Of Studies 论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）
William Shakespeare
Henry the Sixth
The Merchant of Venice
A Midsummer Night’s Dream
Hamlet
The Tempest 暴风雨
Romeo andJulet
Part 3. The English Bourgeois revolution period
John Milton
L‘Allegro 欢乐的人
IlPenseroso沉思的人
Paradise Lost 失乐园;
Paradise Regained 复乐园;
Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见;
Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感;
Emma 爱玛;
MansfieldPark曼斯菲尔德公园
专八人文知识英国文学作家作品整理详细版
Alexander Pope蒲柏
1688-1744
Heroic couplet 英雄双韵体
Pastorals田园诗集;
An Essay on Criticism批评论;
An Essay on Man人论;
The Duncial愚人志;
Moral Essays道德论;
Windsor Forest温莎林;
The Two Dogs两只狗;
Holy Willie’s Prayer威利长老的祈祷;
My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;
A Red,Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰;
John Anderson约翰·安德生,
My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That不管身在何处都须保持尊严;
Moll Flanders莫尔弗兰德斯;
A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年日记
Jonathan Swift斯威夫特
1667-1745
The Battle of Books书的战争;
A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;
The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老船夫;
Kubla Khan忽必烈汗;
Ode on Intimations of Immorality不朽颂;
Ode to Duty义务颂;
The Excursion远足; The Prelude序曲
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
柯勒律治1772-1834
Lyrical Ballads;The Fall of the Bastille巴士底狱的毁灭;
专八人文知识之英国文学
专⼋⼈⽂知识之英国⽂学专⼋⼈⽂知识之英国⽂学 引导语：下⾯是应届毕业⽣培训⽹整理⽽成的，关于专⼋考试⼈⽂知识的⽂章，谢谢您的阅读 ⼀、古英语时期的英国⽂学(499-1066) 1、贝奥武夫 Beowulf (公元⼋世纪)：是迄今为⽌发现的英国盎格鲁—撒克逊时期最古⽼、最长的⼀部较完整的⽂学作品，也是欧洲最早的⽅⾔史诗。
2、阿尔弗雷德⼤帝 Alfred the Great ：英国散⽂之⽗Father of English Prose ⼆、中古英语时期的英国⽂学 1、暗讽体allegory⾮常盛⾏：这是⼀种源于希腊⽂的修辞法,意为"换个⽅式的说法".它是⼀种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事. 2、Romance 开始上升到⼀定的⾼度 3、⾼⽂爵⼠和绿⾐骑⼠Sir Gawain and the Green Knight：反映了骑⼠制度chivalry的理想，是中世纪封建贵族⽂化的精髓。
4、威廉·兰格伦 Willian Langlaud ：著有《农夫⽪尔斯的幻象》Piers Plowman 5、乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer：坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体) The Canterbury Tales 。
在英国⽂学史上，他是第⼀个使⽤⼗⾳节“双韵体”的诗⼈，这个诗体后来在他⾸创下，演化成了“英雄双韵体”，“英雄双韵体”为以后的英国诗⼈所⼴泛采⽤。
他也因此被誉为“英国诗歌之⽗”Father of English poetry。
6、托马斯.马洛礼 Sir Thomas Malory 《亚瑟王之死》The Death of King Arthur 三、⽂艺复兴时期的英国⽂学(伊丽莎⽩时代)(14-16世纪) 1、托马斯.莫尔 Sir Thomas More ：《乌托邦》Utopia 2、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯·怀特和 Henry Howard亨利·霍华德把⼗四⾏诗sonnet引⼊英国 3、菲利普·锡德尼 Philips Sidney：著有《诗辩》The defense of Poesie，这是伊丽莎⽩时代⽂学批评的最佳之作;《阿卡迪亚》Arcadia 描述⽥园⽣活，为现代长篇⼩说的先驱 4、斯宾塞 Edmund Spenser ：《仙后》The Faerie Queene。
专八人文知识
（一）重要文学术语诙谐短诗（Epigram）：诙谐短诗短小机智，表达一个耐人寻味的简单思想或观察。
奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）以他的诙谐短诗著称。
An epigram is a brief,clever,an usually memorable statement现实主义（Realism）：现实主义指艺术或文学中客观地将事物、行为或社会状况按照现实的本来情况进行表述，而不是用抽象的或者理想化的形式来表现。
Realism sought to portray familiar characters,situations,and settings in a realistic manner.This was done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.（二）名家名作查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens,1812-1870）狄更斯是19世纪最伟大的小说家，批判现实主义的杰出代表。
其作品广泛而深刻地描写社会生活的各个方面，鲜明而生动地刻画了各阶层的代表人物的形象。
狄更斯作品的广度和深度远远超过了同时代的任何文学作品。
马克思将狄更斯列在英国19世纪批判现实主义小说家的首位。
在初期作品中，狄更斯对许多社会问题的解决还抱着比较乐观的态度，认为资本主义社会中的那些罪恶是可以补救的。
Sketches by Boz《波兹特写》Pickwick Papers《匹克威克外传》Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》-----小说中的奥利弗（Oliver）是狄更斯笔下的第一儿童形象。
The Old Curiosity Shop《老古玩店》在中期作品中，狄更斯对社会的乐观态度开始改变。
David Copperfield《大卫·科波菲尔》-----全书采用第一人称叙事语气，其中融进了坐着本人的许多生活经历。
英国文学知识(专八人文知识必备)
英国文学知识一、中古英国文学1.Beowulf : the oldest poem in the English language and the most importantspecimen of Anglo-Saxon literature.2.Geoffrey Chaucer: he is acclaimed as the father of English Poetry and father ofEnglish fiction. His masterpiece。
The Canterbury TalesThe Romaunt of the RoseThe Legend of good WomenThe House of Fame二、文艺复兴时期时间：14世纪到17世纪中后期特点：Humanism became the keynote of English Renaissance著名作家：1.Thomas More: Utopia2.Edmund Spenser (a poet):The Faerie QueenThe Shepherd Calendar3.Christopher Marlowe( a poet and dramatist):Edward IIDr. FaustusTamburlaineThe Jew of Malta4.William Shakespeare喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s DreamAs you like itMerchant of VeniceThe Twelfth night悲剧：Romeo and JulietThe Tempest四大悲剧：Othello, Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet主要历史剧：Henry IV, Henry V5.Francis BaconEssaysThe advancement of learning6.John DonneThe Elegies and SatiresThe Songs and Sonnets7.John Milton (poet)晚年三首长诗Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes三：新古典主义时期时间：17世纪中后期到18世纪特点：The neoclassicists held that all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic and restrained emotion and accuracy.著名作家：1.John Dryden: All for Love2.John Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s ProgressThe Holy WarThe life and Death of Mr. Badman3.Alexander Pope An Essay on CriticismAn Essay on ManThe Rape of the LockOdyssey4.Daniel Defoe(who is called the father of English and European novels)Robison CrusoeA journal of the Plague yearCaptain Singleton5.Jonathan SwiftGulliver’s TravelA Tale of a TubA Modest proposalThe Drapier’s letters6.Henry FieldingThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling7.Samuel Johnson (著名词汇家，第一部英语字典的编者)A Dictionary of the English LanguageThe Vanity of Human WishesLondon8.Richard Brinsley SheridanThe school for the scandalThe Rivals9.Thomas GrayElegy Written in a country churchyardOde on the spring四：浪漫主义时期时间：18世纪中期到19世纪中期特点：Romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty and is marked by a strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rule and custom. The Romanticism period is an age of Poetry and poets.主要作家1.William BlakeSongs of ExperienceSongs of InnocencePoetical SketchesThe marriage of heaven and hell2.William WordsworthLyrical BalladsTo the CuckooMy Heart leaps up3.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeKubla Khan 忽必烈汗三巨头1.George Gordon ByronCainDon JuanChilde Harold’s Pilgrimage2.Percy Bysshe ShelleyOde to the West WindOde to the SkylarkPrometheus unboundedThe Necessity of AtheismQueen Mab3.John KeatsOde to AutumnOde to a nightingaleOde on a Grecian um 希腊古瓷颂Isabella以下各位不太重要：1.Charles LambTales from ShakespeareEssays of Elia2.Mary ShelleyFrankenstein3.Robert SoutheyJoan of Arc 圣女贞德小说家Jane AustinEmmaSense and SensibilityPride and PrejudiceMansfield ParkPersuasion五、VICTORIA PERIOD时间：维多利亚1837年继位，1901年去世。
专八人文的知识(英国文学)
专八人文知识（英国文学）Part 1. Old and medievalBeowulf 贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements.William Langland 威廉。
兰格伦Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利•乔叟1340-1400 长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人）his contribution to English poetry: introduced from france the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the heroic couplet), is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.Part 2. The English renaissanceThomas More托马斯。
莫尔Utopia乌托帮Philip Sidney菲力普。
锡德尼Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩Edmond Spenser埃德蒙。
斯宾塞The Faerie Queene 仙后The Shepherds’s Calender 牧羊人日历Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）The founder of English materialist philosophyChristopher Marlowe克里斯托夫。
英语专业八级人文知识(题集) — 英国文学部分
英语专业八级人文知识（题集）—英国文学部分一古英语及中世纪文学（8—14 世纪）1. Who is the "father of English poetry" and one of the greatest narrative poets of England?a. William Shakespeareb. Alfred the Greatc. Geoffrey Chaucerd. Christopher Marlow2. When he died, Chaucer was buried in ________ the Poet' s Corner.A .Southwarkb. Westminster Abbeyc. Normandyd. Canterbury3. ________is not only a prose writer but also a king of Wessex.a. Adam Bedeb. Alfred the Greatc. Venerable Beded. King Arthur4. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named “________” based onBoccaccio' s poem"Filostrato".a. The Legend of Good Womenb. Sir Gawain and the Green Knightc. Beowulfd. Troilus and Gressie5. In his literary development, Chaucer was influenced by three literatures, which one is not true?a. English literatureb. German literaturec. Italian literatured. French literature6. The epic, The Song of Beowulf, represents the spirit of________.a. romanticistsb. monksc. pagand. sentimentalists7. Who is the first important religious poet in English literature?a. Caedmonb. Adam Bedec. Cynewulfd. Shakespeare8. Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf?a. Heorotb. Beowulfc. Grendeld. Hrothgar9. King Alfred' s Anglo Saxon Chronicle was written in________form.a. poeticb. dramaticc. prosed. none of the above10. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight focuses on________.a. the imagination of the future worldb. immediate social issuesc. the real life as well as people' s feelings and desiresd. a remote world belongs to the Celtic Legend of King Arthur and his knights11. Geoffi'ey Chaucer develops hischaracterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters withboth typical qualities and________dispositions.a. individualb. collectivec. sociald. natural12. Among the great Middle English poets,Geoffrey Chaucer is known for hisproduction of________.a. Piers Plowmanb. Sir Gawain and the Green knighte. Confession Amantisd. The Canterbury Tales13. The period of________literatureextends from about 450 to 1066, theyear of the Norman conquest ofEngland.a. the Old Englishb. the Middle Englishc. the Modern Englishd. Queen Victoria14. Romance, which uses narrative verseor prose to sing________adventuresor other heroic deeds is a popularliterary form in the medieval period.a. knightlyb. christiane. Greek d. primitive15. Geoffrey Chaucer introduced fromFrance the rhymed stanzas of varioustype to English poetry to replace theold English________verse.a. rhymedb. alliterativec. romanticd. visionary16. The work that presented, for the firsttime in English literature, acomprehensive realistic picture of themedieval English society and createda whole gallery of vivid charactersfrom all walks of life is mostlikely________.a. Geoffrey Chaucer' s The Canterbury Tablesb. William Langland' s Piers Plowmanc. John Gower' s Confession Amantisd. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight17. In the early part of the medieval periodin English literature, i. e. from 1006up to the mid-14th century, there wasnot much to say about literature inEnglish, for it was almost a________period in literay creation.a. flourishingb. barrenc. historicald. romantic18. Generally speaking, the Old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups:the religious group and the________one.a. secularb. lyricalc. politicald. romantic19. Thematically the poem Beowulfpresents a vivid picture of how theprimitive people wage heroicstruggles against the hostile forces ofthe________world under a wise andmighty_______.a. spiritual / herob. natural / leaderc. spiritual / goldd. natural / monster20. Beowulf, a typical example of OldEnglish poetry, is regarded today asthe national________ of theAnglo-Saxons.a. epic h. novelc. playd. song21. In the stories told in Beowulf, Beowulf (the hero) is shown not only as a glorious hero but alsoas a ________of the people.a. protectorb. sonc. fatherd. servant22. The hero and setting of Beowulf have nothing to do with________, for the story took place inScandinavia.a. Englandb. Denmarkc. Norwayd. Sweden23. With the Norman conquest starts themedieval period in English literature,which coversabout________centuries.a. fourb. threec. fived. two24. It can be said that though essentially still a medieval writer, Geoffrey Chaucer bore marks ofhumanism and anticipated a new________to come.a. manb. theoryc. doctrined. era二文艺复兴时期（14—17世纪）1. The English Renaissance period was an age of________.a. novel and poetryb. poetry and dramac. drama and noveld. romance and poetry2. Which of the following is not among Shakespeare' s four great tragedies?a. King Learb. Macbethc. Hamletd. Romeo and Juliet3. What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?a. Dramab. Novelc. Poetrvd. Essay4. Paradise Lost is written by________.a. William Blakeb. William Shakespearec. Robert Burnsd. John Milton5. During the twenty-two years of his literary work, Shakespeare produced many works, which ofthe following is not true?a. 37 playsb. 2 narrative poemsc. 154 sonnetsd. 1 novel 6. In the________Period, William Shakespeare is the ueatest writer of England.a. Elizabethanb. Medievalc. Victoriand. Dark7. " Shall I compare thee to a summer' s day" is one of________' s best known sonnets.a. John Miltonb. John Donnec. Edmund Spenserd. William Shakespeare8. The poem Paradise Lost consists of ________books.a. 12b. 14c. 13d. 159. Milton wrote his masterpiece________during his blindness.a. Lycidasb. Paradise Lostc. Samson Agonistesd. Paradise Regained10. Which of the following plays written by Shakespeare is history play?a. King Learb. Henry IVc The Merry Wives of Windsord. Juliet Caesar11. Which of the following does notbelong to Shakespeare' s great comedies?a. The Tempestb. As You Like Itc. The Merchant of Veniced. Twelfth Night12. The Flea was written by________.a. Philip Sidneyb. William Shakespearec. Thomas Mored. John Donne13. ________is the first important English essayist and the founder of modem science in England.a. Francis Baconb. Philip Sidneyc. Edmund Spenserd. William Carxton14. In the 16th century, Thomas More's work________became immediately popular after itspublication.a. The Faerie Queenb. A Pleasant Satire of the Throe Estatesc. Utopiad. Paradise Lost15. Which is Christopher Marlowe's first famous play?a. EdwardⅡb. The Jew of Maltac. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustusd. Tamburlaine16. The literary form of The Faerie Queen is________.a. narrative poemb. ironic poemc. allegorical poemd. lyric poem17. the first official version of Bible known as the Great Bible, was revised in________.a. 16th centuryb. 17th centuryc. 18th centuryd. 19th century18. Most of the ballads of the 15th century focused on the legend about________as a heroicfigure.a. Hamletb. Robin Hoodc. Gawaind. Green Nights19. The nine-line verse stanza was originated from________.a. William Shakespeareb. Thomas Morec. Philip Sidneyd. Edmund Spenser20. Which of the following is NOT the work of Sir Philip Sidney?a.Defense of Poetryb. Astrophet and Stellac. Samson Agonistesd. Arcadia21. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as therediscovery of ancient________and________culture, the new discoveries in geography andastrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.a. Chinese / Indianb. Hebrew / Egyptian c Roman / Greek d. Britain /American22. William Shakespeare' s history playsare mainly written underthe________that national unity undera ighty and just sovereign isa________.a. fact / possibilityb. story / probabilityc. principle / necessityd. reality / truth23. ________is the essence of the Renaissance.a. Poetryb. Dramac. Humanismd. Reason24. Generally the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. Itfirst started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. From________ the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.a. Germanyb. Greekc. Britaind. Italy25. Milton' s Paradise Lost took its material from________.a. the Bibleb. Greek mythc. Roman mythd. French romance26. The Renaissance was________in reaching England not only because of England' s separationfrom the Continent but also because of its domestic unrest.a. quickb. slowc speedy d. deep27. Which of the following statements best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare' s "Sonnet 18"?a. The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.b. The speaker satirizes human vanity.c. The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.d. The speaker meditates on man' s salvation.28. " To be, or not to be-that is thequestion" is a line taken from________.a. Hamletb. Othelloc. King Leard. The Merchant of Venice 29. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England are________, William Shakespeareand Ben Johnson.a. Christopher Marloweb. John Marlowec. John Miltond. Edmund Spenser30. ________'s Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has beenrecognized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.a. John Donneb. John Miltonc. Francis Bacond. Edmund Spenser31. According to Edmund Spenser' s own explanation, his The Faerie Queen is a “________”,but it is also an allegory.a. imaginary poemb. historical poemc. romantic poemd. poetic drama32. In his The Advancement of Learning, ________divided knowledge into two kinds: the oneobtained from Divine Revelation, and the other from the workings of human mind.a. Chaucerb. Francis Baconc. Edmund Spenserd. John Milton33. ________'s literary achievements can be divided into three groups, the early poetic works, themiddle prose pamphlets and the last great poems.a. William Shakespeareb. Christopher Marlowec. John Donned. John Milton34. The English Renaissance was perhaps England' s ________Age, especially in literature.a. Goldenb. Fruitfulc. V olcanicd. Dark35. In the early stage of the English Renaissance, poetry and________were the most outstandingliterary forms and they were carried on especially by William Shakespeare and Ben Johnson.a. fictionb. dramatic fictionc. poetic dramad. novel36. In Canto I, Book I of The FaerieQueen the Redcross knightsymbolizes the church of England,and he is the protector of the VirginUna who stands for________or thetrue religion.a. loveb. friendshipc. truthd. honest37. Paradise Regained shows how mankind, in the person of ________, withstands the tempterand is established once more in the divine favor.a. Godb. Zeusc. Christd. Santa Claus38. Francis Bacon's essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and________.a. complicityb. complexityc. powerfulnessd. mildness39. In Samson Agonistes, Milton againborrows his story from the________.But this time he turns to a more vitaland personal theme.a. historyb. religionc. legendd. Bible40. ________was known as "the poets' s poet".a. William Shakespeareb. Edmund Spenserc. John Donned. John Milton三新古典主义时期（17—18世纪）1. The neoclassical period in English literature refers to the one between the return of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full assertion of ________which came with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798.a. realismb. humanismc romanticism d. neoclassicism2. As a representative of the Enlightenment,________was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.a. Swiftb. Defoec Milton d. Pope3. Christian, Faithful and Pliable are the literary figures in________.a. Daniel Defoe' s Moll Flandersb. John Bunyan' s The Pilgrim' s Progressc. Richard Brinsley Sheridan' s The School for Scandald. Jonathan Swift' s Gulliver' s Travels4. Pope' s "An Essay on Criticism" is a didactic poem written in________.a. blank verseb. heroic couplets c free verse d. dramatic monologue5. Sheridan' s plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandal, are generally regarded asimportant links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of________, and as trueclassics in English comedy.a. Christopher Marlowb. John Galsoworthc Bernard Shawd. James Joyce6. ________, written by Alexander Pope, satirized the foolish, meaningless life of the lords andladies in the aristocratic bourgeois society of the eighteenth century England.a. The Rape of the Lockb. The Rape of Lucrecec The School for Scandald. Every Man in His Humor7. The Pilgrim's Progress by________is often said to be concerned with the search for spiritualsalvation.a. John Miltonb. John Bunyanc Daniel d. Thomas Gray8. John Bunyan' s style was modeled after that of the English________.a. historyb. religionc society d. Bible9. Backbite, Sneerwell, and Lady Teazle are characters in the play The School for Scandalby________.a. Christopher Marloweb. Ben Johnsonc. Richard Brinsley Sheridand. George Bernard Shaw10. The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan is often said to be concerned with the searchfor________.a. material wealthb. spiritual salvationc. universal truthd. self-fulfillment11. Robinson Crusoe, ________story, is universally considered as Daniel Defoe' s masterpiece.a. a historicalb. a fictionalc. an imaginaryd. an adventure12. Alexander Pope strongly advocated________, emphasizing that literary works should bejudged by rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.a. Sentimentalismb.Romanticism c. Idealism d. Neoclassicism13. In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of________from a naive and artless youth into ashrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.a. Robinsonb. Gulliverc. Tom Sawyerd. Huckleberry Finn14. Gulliver' s Travels contains________parts, each part dealing with one particular voyage duringhis extraordinary adventures on some remote island.a. twob. threec. fourd. five15. Henry Fielding has been regarded ad "Father of the English________, " for his contributionto the establishment of the form of the modern novel.a. Novel h. Poetryc. Playd. Essay16. As a lexicographer, Samuel Johnson distinguished himself as the author of the first English________by an Englishman.a. novelb. dramae. poetry d. dictionary17. Richard Brinsley Sheridan was the only important English________of the eighteenth century.a. poetb. novelistc essayist d. dramatist18. "An Essays on Criticism" was writtenby________, which first establishedhis reputation as a________a. Francis Bacon, criticb. Francis Bacon, essayistc. Alexander Pope, playwrightd. Alexander Pope, essayist19. "Yahoos" from the novel________written by Jonathan Swift are described to be very muchsimilar to human beings in outward appearance and their unworthy actions as well.a. Gulliver' s Travelsb. The Adventures of Robison Crusoec. The Wuthering Heightsd. Sons and Lovers20. ________' s masterpiece Tom Jones provides a vivid and truthful panoramic view of the life ofthe English society in the 18th century.a. Daniel Defoeb. Jonathan Swifte. Henry Fielding d. Jane Austin21. The ________was a progressive intellectual movement throughout western Europe in the 18thcentury.a. Renaissanceb. Enlightenmentc. Religious Reformationd. Chartist Movement22. The 18th century England is known as the Age of________in the history.a. Romanticismb. Classicismc. Renaissanced. Enlightenment23. The________movemertt in the eighteenth century Europe was a furtherance of theRenaissance of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.a. Enlightenmentb. Renaissancec. Sentimentald. Transcendental24. The Enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works inthe field of literature. This tendency is known as________.a. humanismb. realismc. symbolismd. neoclassicism25. (The) ________was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the18th century.a. Romanticismb. Humanismc. Enlightenmentd. Sentimentalism26. The School for Scandal has been regarded as the best ________since Shakespeare.a. comedyb. tragedyc. playd. novel27. Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory andpractice, to write specifically a "________in prose", the first to give the modem novel itsstructure and style.a. tragic epicb. comic epicc. romanced. lyric epic四浪漫主义时期（18世纪中期—19世纪中期）1. The two collections of poems written by William Blake, ________and________, hold thesimilar subject-matter, but the tone, emphasis and conclusion differ.a. Songs of Innocence/ Songs of Experienceb. Poetical Sketches / Songs of Innocencec. Poetical Sketches/ Marriage of Heaven and Helld. Songs of Innocence/ Songs of Experienced2. John Keats' Ode to a Nightingale expresses the contrast between the happy world of________loveliness and human world of agony.a. fairyb. naturalc. pastorald. optimistic3. As a leading Romanticist, George Gordon Byron ' s chief contribution is his creation of the"________hero", a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.a. Byronicb. Romanticc. Orientedd. Optimistic4. The ________are generally regarded as John Keats' most important and mature works.a. epicsb. lyricsc. odesd. poetry5. On the whole, ________' s poetry is one of experiences. His heroes are more or less surrogatesof himself. Childe Harold' s Pilgrimage is such an example.a. William Blakeb. William Wordsworthc. George Gordon Byrond. Samuel Taylor Coleridge6. ________is Byron's masterpiece, a great comic epic of the early 19th century.a. Childe Harold's Pilgrimageb. Cainc. Don Juand. Song for the Luddites7. Romanticism is a period of Britishliterature roughly dated from________.a. 1660 - 1798b. 1798 - 1832c. 1483 - 1546d. 1836 - 19018. A number of poems from Songs of Innocence find a counterpart in Songs of Experience. Infant Joy is matched with Infant Sorrow, and the pure Lamb is paired with the flaming________.a. The Chimney Sweeperb. Londonc. Sheepd. Tyger9. The unifying principle in________written by George Gordon Bryon is the basic ironic theme ofappearance and reality.a. Child Harold' s Pilgrimageb. Cainc.Don Juand. Hours of Idleness10. Jane Austen' s main literary concern is about human beings intheir________relationships.Because of this, her novels have a universal significance.a. personalb. naturalc. satisfiedd. hostile11. Returning to England from Germany in1799, William Wordsworth and his sister settled at Dove Cottage in Grasmere, Westmoreland. The poet________as well as________lived nearby, and the three became known as the "lake poets".a. Samuel Taylor Coleridge / George Gordon Byronb. Robert Southey / Samuel Taylor Coleridgec. John Keats / Robert Southeyd. George Gordon Byron / Percy Bysshe Shelley12. Percy Bysshe Shelley is one of theleading________poets, an intense and original 1yrical poet in the Englishlanguage.a. realisticb. symbolice. romantic d. imagist13. In his________ , Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagerness toenjoy the boundless freedom from the reality.a. Promethus Unboundb. Ode to the West Windc.Adonaisd. In Defence of Poetry14. The novel Pride and Prejudice mainly deals with the five Bennet sisters and their search forsuitable husbands, centering on the love story between________and________.a. Jane / Bingleyb. Lydia / Wickhamc. Elizabethd. Jane / Rochester15. Ode on a Grecian Urn shows the contrast between the ________of art andthe________ ofhuman passion.a. glory / uglinessb. permanence / transiencec. transience / sordidnessd. glory / permanence16. The English Romantic period produced two major novelists. They are________.a. Lamb and Hazlitt .b. Byron and Shelleyc. Scott and Austend. Keats and Coleridge17. As a novelist Jane Austen writes withina very narrow sphere. The subject matter, thecharacter range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late________a. 18thb. 19the. 17th d. 20th18. Among the________group of Samuel Taylor Coleridge' s Poems, Frost atMidnight is themost important.a. demonicb. conversationalc. pastorald. optimistic19. It is said that the poem________written by S. T. Coleridge was composed in a dream afterthe poet took the opium. But when he was writing the lines down, a stranger interrupted himand only 54 lines survived.a. The Rime of the Ancient Marinerb. Frost at Midnightc.Kubla Khand. Don Juan20. ________puts into Don Juan his rich knowledge of the world and the wisdom gained fromexperience. It presents brilliant pictures of life in its various stages of love, joy, suffering,hatred and fear.a. Percy Bysshe Shelleyb. William Wordsworthc. george Gordon Byrond. John Keats21. "Poetry is Spontaneous" was put forward by________.a. Percy Bysshe Shelleyb. William Blakec. William Wordsworthd. Charles Lamb22. In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called________came to Europe and then toEngland.a. romanticismb. classicismc. realismd. restoration23. The famous poem "'A Red Red Rose" was written by________.a. William Wordsworthb. George Gordon Byronc. Robert Burnsd. John Keats24. Whose infomal essays observed life with humor, and often in a gloomy tone?a. Joseph Addisonb. Charles Lambc. Lord Chesterfieldd. Thomas Hardy25. The English poets________, William Wordsworth, and Robert Southey, were known as"Lake Poets'" because they lived in the Lake District Northwestern England at the beginning of the 19th century.a. George Gordon Byronb. John Keatse. Percy Bysshe Shelley d. Samuel Taylor Coleridge五维多利亚时期（19世纪中期—20世纪早期）1. The novel Jane Eyre mainly tells a story about the love affair Jane Eyre and Mr. ________。
英语专业八级人文知识
英国的起源1.The first known setters of Britain were the Iberians. 伊⽐例亚⼈2.The Celts began to arrive about 700BC and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans.凯尔特⼈3. Julius Caesar, the great roman general, invaded Britain for the first time in 55BC. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under roman occupation. 罗马统治4. In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain, they were three Teutonic tribes.5.The Norman conquest of England is perhaps the best-known event in English history. Under William, the feudal system in England was completely established. 诺曼征服Celts， Anglo Saxon， Roman，哪个先来或者后到英国的呢？排个顺序吧。
1.The Norman Conquest happened in ____A. 55BCB.1066C.700D.9662.In the late 16th century, _____ruled England.A. Henry VB. Elizabeth I C Queen Marry D Elizabeth II3. The largest river in Ireland is ____A. the Dodder River B the Shannon RiverC the St. George RiverD the Thames River4. The American Constitution was drawn up in ____A 1787B 1790C 1783D 17895. Dickens and Thackeray, who are most famous for their novel, lived in the period of ____A Queen Elizabeth IB Henry VIIIC Charles IID Queen Victoria6. ____is written by Alan Poe.A Twice-Told TalesB The Scarlet LetterC The House of the Seven GablesD The Fall of the House of Usher7. Rip Van Winkle is written by _____A. Washington Irving B Henry David ThoreauC Ralph Waldo EmersonD James Fenimore Cooper8.____is not a vowel glideA [th]B [oi]C [ei]D [au]9. The internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed are the subjects of ____A morphologyB pragmaticsC anthropologyD psychology10.For the following conversation:A: Do you know where Xiao Wang is?B: I’m busy____is the conversation implicature.A.B is busyB.B does no know where Xiao Wang is.C.B does not want to answer A’s questions.D.B is correct顺序是：Celts--Roman--Anglo Saxon答案： BBBAD DACACVowel Glide ⼜称元⾳过渡，指的是双元⾳组成的，前⼀个⾳为纯元⾳，后⼀个⾳为短促的滑⾳。
专八人文知识总结
英国文学一、古英语时期的英国文学（499-1066）1、贝奥武夫（发生在斯堪地亚半岛）2、阿尔弗雷德大帝：英国散文之父二、中古英语时期的英国文学1、allegory体非常盛行2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集（英雄双韵体）6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学（伊丽莎白时代）（14-16世纪）1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活；现代长篇小说的先驱4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人；斯宾塞体诗节；5、莎士比亚：长篇叙事诗：《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》四大悲剧：哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白7、本.琼森风俗喜剧（comedy of manners）《人性互异》8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑《学术的推进》和《新工具》四、启蒙时期（18世纪）1、约翰、弥尔顿：《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》2、约翰、班扬：《天路历程》religious allegory3、约翰、德莱顿：英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人；《论戏剧诗》4、亚历山大.蒲柏：英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表；英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用；《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作5、托马斯、格雷：感伤主义中墓园诗派的代表人物《墓园挽歌》6、威廉、布莱克：天真之歌、经验之歌；7、罗伯特、彭斯：苏格兰最杰出的农民诗人；8、Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作创办《The tatler》和《the spectator》9、Samuel defoe 英国现实主义小说的奠基人之一；《鲁滨逊漂流记》；《铲除非国教徒的捷径》，仪表达自己的不满；10、Jonathan Swift 《一个小小的建议》；《格列佛游记》；《桶的故事》；11、Samuel Richardson 英国现代小说的创始人；帕米拉；克拉丽莎；查尔斯.格蓝迪森爵士的历史；12、Henry Fielding 英国现实主义小说理论的奠基人；《约瑟夫。
专八 TEM8 英国文学知识
英国文学知识一．古英语时期（Old English Literature 公元499—1066年）英国文学开山之作：头韵体诗歌（alliteration）《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）开德蒙（Caedmon）：《赞美诗》（Anthem）琴涅武甫（Cynewulf）：《十字架之梦》（Dream of the Rood）比德（Bede）：《英吉利人教会史》（Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum）阿尔弗雷德大帝（King Alfred）：《盎格鲁—撒克逊编年史》（Anglo-Saxon Chronicle），被誉为“英国散文之父”（Father of English Prose）二．中古英语时期（Medieval English Literature 公元1066年—15世纪）头韵体诗歌：《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight）英国名谣：《罗宾汉名谣集》（The Robin Hood Ballads）威廉·兰格伦（William Langland）：《农夫皮尔斯的幻想》（The V ision Concerning piers the Plowman）杰弗里·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer）：英国中世纪最伟大的诗人，享有“英国诗歌之父”的美誉（Father of English Poetry）。
代表作：八音节（octosyllabic）英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）诗歌《坎特布雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）。
托马斯·马洛礼（Sir Thomas Malory）：英国15世纪优秀的散文家，代表作为《亚瑟王之死》（Le Morte d’Arthur）三．文艺复兴时期（Renaissance 15世纪末—17世纪）托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More）：伟大的人文主义者，代表作：《乌托邦》（Utopia），《国王爱德华五世悲戚的一生》（The painful Life of Edwar d Ⅴ）.托马斯·魏厄特（Thomas Wyatt）和亨利·霍华德（Henry Howard）的十四行诗（Sonnet）。
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The old and medieval English literature(8th-14th century )The renaissance period(14th –mid17th c)The neoclassical period(mid17th -18th c)The romantic period(mid18th -mid19th c)The Victorian period(1836-1901)Modern period(20th - )注：【后面的Matp指主要作品】一．The old and medieval English literature(8th-14th century)1.The Venerable Bede(A.D673-735) “father of English history”《the essiesiastical history of the English people》《the anglo-sarxon chronic》epic——Beowulf2.mid11th-mid14th 亚瑟王和圆桌骑士《Sir Gawain and the Green Knight，高文爵士和绿衣骑士》3.Geoffy Chaucer（杰弗利·乔叟，1343-1400）“the father of English poetry” ；“the first one who used London dialect ” in《The Canterbury Tales，坎特伯雷故事集》（1387-1400,a prologue\24 tales,描写14th 英国现状）二．The renaissance period (14th –mid17th c)1.Sonnet:contains 14 lines of iambic pentameter rhymed in various patterns 14行5音步抑扬格诗行（ababcdcdefefgg）e.g: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.2.Thomas More(托马斯·莫尔1478-1535) Matp:《Utopia,乌托邦》（in Latin）3.Francis Bacon(培根1561-1626) “杰出essayist in English history”《the essays》4.Edmund Spenser(埃德蒙·斯宾赛,1552-1599) “the poet’s poet”；Matp:《The Faerie Queen,仙后》（1579）；create “Spencerian Stanza ,斯宾塞诗体”。
5.Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) “the greatest playwright 戏剧作家before Shakespeare”6.Willian Shakespeare(1564-1616) “the greatest playwright and poet of Renaissance Age”;四大悲剧：《Hamlet,哈姆雷特,1601》《Othello,奥赛罗，1604》《King Lear,李尔王，1605》《Macbeth,麦克白，1605》Matp:《HenryⅥ,亨利四世》《A Midsummer Night Dream,仲夏夜之梦》《The Merchant of Venice,威尼斯商人》《As You Like It,皆大欢喜》《Twelfth Night,第十二夜》《Venus and Adonis》(长诗)7．John Donne 《the flee》8.John Milton(弥尔顿，1608-1674) a puritan(清教徒) Matp:《Paradise Lost,失乐园，1667》《Paradise Regain,复乐园，1671》《Samson Agonistes,力士参孙，1671》9．John Bunyan(约翰·班扬) 清教散文家《The Pilgrem’s Progress,天路历程》10．John Dryden(约翰·德莱顿) 英国古典主义最杰出代表；17th 的第一位桂冠诗人；戏剧家；文艺批评家三．The neoclassical period(mid17th -18th c)1．Alexander Pope(亚历山大·蒲柏) Enlightment启蒙运动的enlighterier启蒙运动者；first one introduced rationalism to England and his satiric2.Daniel Difoe (丹尼尔·迪福) 《Robinsin Crusoe,鲁滨逊漂流记》“the first realistic novel in English ”; “the father of English and European novels，现代小说之父”3. Jonathan Swift(斯威夫特) 《Gulliver’s Travels，格列佛游记》；“comic epic of prose”“first to give modern novels its structure and style”4．Samuel Johnson(塞缪尔·约翰逊) 《A Dictionary of The English Language，英语辞典》5. Henry Fielding(约翰·菲尔丁) 《Tom Jones，汤姆·琼斯》全名《The History of Tom Jones , a Foundling 弃儿汤姆·琼斯的历史》6．Sentimentalism感伤主义文学，18th 20年代Matp: Sameul Richardson(理查逊)的《Pamela，帕米拉》和《Clarissa ，克拉丽莎》、哥尔斯特的《The Vicar of Wakefield，威克菲尔德牧师传》、Laurence Sterne (斯特恩)的《A Sentimental Journey，伤感的旅行》四．The romantic period (mid18th -mid19th c)1.“Gothic哥特式”：具有恐怖意义的小说，恐怖、神秘、超自然三个特征，18th 兴起Matp: Mary Shelley(玛丽·雪莱) 的《Frankenstein: the Modern Prometheus，弗兰肯斯坦：现代普罗米修斯》2. “the Lake Poets湖畔诗人”：英国早期浪漫主义作家；代表人物William Wordsworth（威廉·华兹华斯）、Samuel Taylor Coleridge（塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治）、Robert Southey（罗伯特·骚塞）；华兹华斯和柯勒律治合著的《Lyrical Ballads，抒情歌谣集》成为了英国诗坛上浪漫主义文学的宣言；1843年华兹华斯荣获“Poet Laureate，桂冠诗人”3. Percy Bysshe Shelley (雪莱)：Matp: 《Ode to West Wind，西风颂》、《To the Skylark，致云雀》、《Prometheus Unbound，解放了的普罗米修斯》、《Adonais》which bewail the death of John Keats4. George Gordon Byron(拜伦)：Matp:长篇叙事诗“comic epic”《Don Juan，唐璜》5. John Keats (约翰·济慈) ：英国浪漫主义诗人Matp:《Ode to Nightingale,夜莺颂》、《To Autumn，秋颂》、《Ode to Melancholy，忧郁颂》6. Walter Scott(沃尔特·司格特)：Matp: 《Ivanhoe，艾凡赫》7. Jane Austin (简·奥斯丁)：女作家Matp:《Pride and Prejudice，傲慢与偏见》、《Sense and Sensibility，理智和情感》、《Mansfield Park，曼斯菲尔德庄园》、《Emma，爱玛》、《Persuasion，劝导》8. Charles Lamb(查尔斯·兰姆)：散文家，主要作品有散文、诗歌和戏剧五．The Victorian period(1836-1901)1.Charles Dickens(查尔斯·狄更斯) ：“Critical Realism批判现实主义”Matp:《Oliver Twist，雾都孤儿》、《The Old Curiosity Shop，老古玩店》、》《Dombey and Son ，董贝父子》、《David Copperfield，大卫·科波菲尔》、《Hard Time，艰难时世》、《 A Tale of Two Cities ，双城记》、《Great Expectation，远大前程》2. 勃朗特三姐妹：Anne Bronte（安·勃朗特）-《Agnes Grey》、Charlotte Bronte （夏洛特·勃朗特）-《Jane Eyre，简·爱》、Emily Bronte（艾米丽·勃朗特）-《The Wuthering Heights ，呼啸山庄》《Shirley ，谢利》《Villette，维莱特》3. William Thackeray(威廉·萨克雷) ：Matp:《Vanity Fair，名利场》4. Thomas Hardy(托马斯·哈代)：“Romance and Fantasies罗曼史和幻想”、“Novels of Ingenuity爱情阴谋小说”、“Novels of Character and Environment性格和环境小说”;Matp:《Far from Madding Crowd，远离尘嚣》、《The Return of the Native，还乡》、《The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长》、《Tess of d’Urbervilles，德伯家的苔丝》、《Jude the Obscure，无名的裘德》5. George Eliot (乔治·艾略特) ：19th 女作家；Matp:《Adam Bede，亚当·比德》、《Silas Marner，织公马南传》《the mill on the floss》6. Alfred Tenneyson(丁尼生)：Matp: 《Ulysses，尤利西斯》、《In Memoriam，悼念》poet laureate7. Oscar Wilde(奥斯卡·王尔德) ：“Aestheticism英国唯美主义”《Lady Windermere’s Fan，温德密尔夫人的扇子》8. George Benard Shaw(乔治·伯纳·萧) ：1925年获诺贝尔文学奖；Matp:《Widower’s Houses ，鳏夫的房产》、《Mrs. Warren’s Profession ，华伦夫人的职业》、《Major Barbara，巴巴拉上校》、《Pygmalion，皮革马利翁》六．Modern period(20th - )1.John Galsworthy(约翰·高尔斯华绥) ：小说家、剧作家Matp:《The Forsyte Saga，福尔赛世家三部曲》——《The Man of Property，有产的人》《In Chancery，骑虎难下》《To Let，出租》、《A Modern Comedy，现代喜剧三部曲》——《The White Monkey，白猿》《The Silver Spoon，银匙》《Swan Song，天鹅之歌》、《The End of the Chapter一章的结束》——《Maid in Waiting，女侍》《Flowering Wilderness开花的荒野》《Over the River，河那边》2. David Herbert Laurence (D·H·劳伦斯):Matp:《Sons and Lovers，儿子与情人》、《The Rainbow，虹》、《Women in Love，恋爱中的女人》、《Lady Chatterley’s Lover查特莱夫人的情人》3. William Somerset Maugham（威廉·萨默赛特·毛姆）：Matp:《Of Human Bondage，人性的枷锁》、《The Moon and Sixpence，月亮与六便士》4. James Joyce（詹姆斯·乔伊斯）：大量运用“Stream of Consciousness 意识流”手法；Matp:《Ulysses，尤利西斯》《Dubliners》《A portrait of the artist as a Young man》《Finnegan’s wake》5. William Butler Yeats（威廉·巴特勒·叶芝）：爱尔兰诗人剧作家；1923年荣获诺贝尔文学奖6. Edward Morgan Forster（E·M·福斯特）：Matp: 《A Passage to India ，印度之行》7. Virginia Woolf（弗吉利亚·伍尔芙）：英国小说家、散文家、文学批评家、文艺理论家，著名女权运动领袖。