定语从句语法说明

Grammar The Attributive Clause

一. Function （功能）在复合句中起形容词作用，做定语

二. Terms（术语）先行词---被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词

关联词---用来引导定语从句的词叫做关联词，在意义上等同于先行词

三. 关联词

四.关联词的基本用法

A. pronoun (关系代词的用法) （按照关系代词在从句中的句子成分复习）

1.subject (关系代词在从句中做主语) ***关系代词不可省略

The number of people _____lost homes in the earthquake reached as many as 250,000.

The sound sounded like a train ______was going under my house.

Those _____want to go must meet at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning

I was the only person ____was sent abroad to study.

2. object (关系代词在从句中做宾语) ***关系代词可省略

Where is the man ______I saw this morning?

The purpose of the meeting is to work out the problems _____we met in the work.

The man _______I spoke to just now is our new teacher.

I will do everything ___I can to help you.

The finger ___I put into my mouth wasn‟t the one __I had dipped into the cup.

3. predicative(关系代词在从句中做表语)指人指物都用that

He has changed. He is not the man ______he was before.

I am not the young man _____I used to be.

China today isn‟t the country _____she was 20 years ago.

4 attribute(关系代词在从句中做定语) ***关系代词不可省略

Wang Hua is the student _____handwriting is the best in the class.

Do you know the boy______father is a doctor? He lived in the room _____windows were broken.

I bought a book _____writer is a peasant. We had a meeting ____purpose was completely unclear.

This is the old man in ____house I lived when the war broke out.

Exercises:

1. Anyone _______breaks the rules must be punished.

2. My sister doesn‟t like the man ____she work with

3. She told me all ____had happened to her.

4. Millions of men died and were buried under the wall ______ they built.

5. The family, ____lived upstairs, like music very much.

6. The desk ____leg is broken is mine.

7. Do you know the man ____we shook hands with at the school gate?

8. The policemen are looking for a stolen car, ____ colour is black.

9. She is a nurse, _____work is to take care of the patient.

10. Do you know the man ____ shook hands with us at the school gate?

B. adverb( 关系副词的用法)

1. when 在从句中做状语，表示时间，修饰表示时间的先行词=介词+which

He often thinks of his childhood ____he worked for the landlord. That was the year _____ he joined the army.

The days ____we used “foreign oil” are gone. I still remember the day ______he was killed.

I still remember the days ______we lived in the mountains./I stayed in hospital.

Notes: 如果先行词在定语从句中不做时间状语，即使先行词表示时间，定语从句也不用when 来引导

1) I still remember the years _____we worked together.

_____we spent together.

2) The day ______we played together isn‟t easily forgotten.

_____we are looking forward to has come at last.

3) I‟ll never forget the year ______the war broke out.

_____ followed.

4) The day _____we went on holiday is National Day.

_____we still remember

5) We must remember the time _______we met each other.

_____we wasted in the past.

6) I‟ll never forget the days ______we spent together.

_____ we spent our holidays together.

2.where 在从句中做状语，表示地点，修饰表示地点的先行词=介词+which

I know the farm _____he lives. This is the factory _____my father works.

Is there shop around _____I can get any fruit ? This is the bridge ____he died at his post.

Note: 如果先行词在定语从句中不做地点状语，即使先行词表示地点，定语从句也不用where来引导This is the school _____I studied 20 years ago.

_____we built 20 years ago.

_______trains teachers.

He went to the shop ______he could buy some gifts.

_______wasn‟t far.

________he could choose some fruit from.

_________sold some fruit.

_________he likes best.

That is the factory ______we visited last week.

______we visited some modern equipment last week.

______makes TV sets.

_____TV parts are made.

3. why 在从句中做状语，表示原因，修饰先行词reason, cause, explanation. why =介词for +which

The reason _____he came late was that he didn‟t catch the bus.

I‟d like to know the reason ____you changed your plan.

This is the explanation _____he put off the journey.

That is the reason _____she failed.

Note: 如果先行词在定语从句中不做原因状语，即使先行词是reason, cause, explanation，定语从句也不用why This is the reason _____he didn‟t come.

_______that explained his absence.

_______he gave me.