2000-2011年上海历年英语翻译

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历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案

历年上海英语翻译中级口译汉译英真题及答案原文：越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。

中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。

这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。

曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。

现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。

译文：An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’s rise has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West.They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.解析：本段是一篇文化类介绍文章。

上海2000-2012高考英语句子翻译及答案

2000-2010 高考试题中译英2000高考1. 让我们利用这次长假去香港旅游。

(take advantage of)Let’s take advantage of the long vacation and make a trip to Hong Kong.考核点：1）take advantage of the long vacation 2)make a trip to2. 这张照片使我想起了我们在夏令营里度过的日子。

(remind)This photo reminds me of the days (that )we spent in the summer camp.考核点1)remind …of 2)the days we spent3. 假如你想从事这项工作，你必须先接受三个月的训练。

(take up)If you want to take up this job,you should first be trained for three months.考核点：1）take up the job 2)be trained4. 你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。

(once)Once you form/get into a bad habit,it’s very difficult to get rid of /get out of it.考核点：1）once 2)get rid of /get out of5. 同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。

(compare)Compared with other students,the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English. 考核点：1）compared with 2)better 3)listening and speaking abilities6. 众所周知，成功来自勤奋，不努力则一事无成。

2000年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析

2000年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors insgroupsto step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including thesetting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere insgroupsto reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent of scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems forthe governments concerned. 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting themsintoseffect.翻译题解：71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.句子分析：第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control/and hence the help of specialized scientists/such as economists and operational research experts.第二、句子的结构：1)主干结构是一个带双宾语的简单句：this requires varying measures of...and hence the help of...2)两个宾语各带有of短语作定语。

考研英语真题翻译（2000——2009）及详解

2000年考研英语真题翻译（划线部分）详解71. Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.【考核知识点】代词指代和术语的译法【结构分析】这是一个简单句，句子主干是this requires varying measures of centralized control and...the help of specialized scientists such as...。

and连接两个并列宾语。

【翻译要点】本句的难点是hence的译法，它在句中是承上启下起连接作用的逻辑词，hence意为“从而”，翻译的时候要体现句子间的逻辑关系。

需要注意的是：require有两个宾语，第2个宾语是the help，在翻译时需要加上“获得”二字。

【词汇点滴】varying意为“不同的”；measure在这里是“程度、幅度、限度”的意思；varying measures可译成“程度不同”；operational research experts直译是“研究操作过程的科学家”，用术语翻译就是“运筹学专家”。

【参考译文】在现代条件下，这就需要不同程度的中央控制措施，从而也就需要诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。

72. Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.【考核知识点】it is obvious that...的译法及短语翻译【结构分析】这是一个复合句。

专八改错_历届(2000年-2011年)真题及答案

2000 年-2011 年专八短文改错试题，参考答案以及答案分析By 兰银清以下答案以上外教师给出的答案为参考答案2011年专八真题改错部分From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages of about 1__________seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2___________soon or later I should have to settle down and write books. 3___________I was the child of three, but there was a gap of five years 4__________on either side, and I barely saw my father before I was eight. Forthis and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my 5_____________schooldays. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6_________the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7________being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I felt that this created 8________a sort of private world which I could get my own back for my failure 9________in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________intended — writing which I produced all through my childhood andboyhood would not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my firstpoem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.1，在grow后加up, 考固定短语2，改consience为consciousness 考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”3，改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语4，在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。

考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译dictation

考研英语历年真题例句详解含译文翻译1. dictation[dik'teiʃən]n.听写，口述；命令2. dictionary['dikʃənəri]n.词典，字典3. addict [ə'dikt]v. 使沉溺；使上瘾n. 沉溺于不良嗜好的人【真题例句】Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.（2006考研英语完形）参考译文：部分原因是：许多成年的无家可归者沉迷于酒精或毒品。

4. addition[ə'diʃən]n. 加，加法；附加部分，增加（物）【同义词】plus【真题例句】Children need to learn addition and subtraction.(201考研英语阅读Text 3)参考译文：小孩需要去学习加法和减法。

5. contradict[,kɔntrə'dikt]v.反驳；同…矛盾，同…抵触[同义词]Deny[真题例句]Three provisions of Arizona's plan were overturned because they contradicted both the federal and state policies.（2013考研英语阅读Text4）参考译文：亚利桑那州计划的三项规定与联邦和州政策相矛盾，因而被否决。

6. contradiction[,kɔntrə'dikʃən]n.反驳，否认；矛盾，不一致[同义词]Discrepancy7. dedicate['dedikeit]vt.奉献；献身于[同义词]devote［真题例句］After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness?（2006考研英语阅读Test4）参考译文：现代社会最热衷于表达快乐的一种时髦形式到底是什么呢？8. dedication9. indicate ['indikeit]v. 指出，指示；表明，暗示【同义词】manifest【真题例句】The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension.（2015新题型）参考译文：这里暗示的阅读方式毫无疑问是理解方式。

2000年-2015年英语专业八级翻译(英译汉)

2015英译汉At its heart, psycholinguistic work consists of two questions. One is, What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language? In a sense, we must know a language to use it, but we are not always fully aware of this knowledge. A distinction may be drawn between tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform various acts, whereas explicit knowledge refers to the knowledge of the processes or mechanisms used in these acts. We sometimes know how to do something without knowing how we do it. For instance, a baseball pitcher (投手) might know how to throw a baseball 90 miles an hour but might have little or no explicit knowledge of the muscle groups that are involved in this act. Similarly, we may distinguish between knowing how to speak and knowing what processes are involved in producing speech. Generally speaking, much of our linguistic knowledge is tacit rather than explicit.参考译文：心理语言学的研究包括两个核心问题。

上海高考英语翻译汇总

上海高考英语翻译汇总（2000-20XX年）高考英语翻译在高考中占据着怎样的一个分量呢？我以一个过来人的身份告诉大家，高考英语翻译绝对是好拿分的部分，这部分的分数不应该丢，平日只要积累好语法知识，再掌握一定的方法，这部分就可以拿下。

（2011春考）1. 昨天晚上我们欣赏了一台精彩的演出。

(enjoy)We enjoyed a wonderful performance last night.2. 因为大雾，通往南京的高速公路关闭了。

(due to)The highway to Nanjing is/was/has been closed due to the heavy fog.3. 虽然他并不富裕，但还是尽力帮助贫困地区的学生。

(do one’s best)Though he is/was not rich, he does/did his best to help the students in poor areas.4. 据说，中国人比西方人更早使用纸币。

(It)It is said that Chinese started to use notes/paper money earlier than westerners.5. 经历了多次严重自然灾害后，人们才逐渐意识到植树造林的重要性。

(until)People didn’t come to realize the importance of planting trees until they (had) experienced a number of serious natural disasters.（2011高考）1. 你为什么不在网上订票? (Why)Why not / Why don’t you book tickets online / reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet?2. 我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。

2000年考研英语阅读全文翻译

2000年考研英语阅读全文翻译2000Passage 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas. How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causesas a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubthas yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."一段长时间并且不费力而成功的历史可能成为一种可怕的不利因素，但若处理得当，这种不利因素也有可能转化为一种积极的推动力。

历年自考英语翻译试题及答案

2000年4月全国英语英语翻译试卷、答案1. In the years that followed, Bill learned to spell in this uncomprehending way a great many words.B.在往后的几年里，比尔就这样学着拼写，虽然不理解意思，却也学会了拼写许多单词。

2. It is undoubtedly true that poverty is still a problem in this country, as it is in many other developing and even developed economies.D.毫无疑问，这个国家同其它许多发展中国家乃至发达国家一样，仍然存在着贫困问题。

3. 破镜虽已粘补，但既不美观，又不牢固。

A. A mirror that has been glued back together has an unsightly flaw and breaks again easily.4. 为了发展初等教育，根据我国宪法和实际，特制订本法律。

A. This law has been drawn up on the basis of the Constitution and the reality in our country in order to develop primary education.5. 不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们确定的战略目标就不能实现。

C. We can not achieve our strategic goals unless we carry out reforms and adhere to the opening-up policy.6.就英汉两种语言的区别而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。

C.英语定语位置较固定，汉语定语位置较灵活7.就法律英语的特点而言，下列选项中不正确的一项是_____________。

2000-2010年英语专业八级考试翻译真题及参考答案

2003年英语专八考试翻译真题及参考答案2003年E-C：In his classic novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a bustling metropolis(大城市，大都市). But his cousin looks around bewildered(困惑、迷惑). All she sees is a forest. “Where are the beauties and improvements(改造的地方)which you were to show me?” she asks. He’s astonished she can’t see them. “Where! Why everywhere,” he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they are as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating(讲述、描述、阐述)a distinctly American trait,future-mindedness(minded:有思想的，着眼未来的): the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered 【没有阻碍的, 不受妨碍的;cumber(n.)障碍→encumber(v.)阻碍→encumbered有阻碍的→unencumbered没有阻碍的】by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, “Life for the American is always becoming(会变成什么样子), never being(现在是什么样子).”参考译文：詹姆斯•费尼莫•库珀在其经典小说《拓荒者》中，讲述了主人公，一个土地开发商人，带着他的表妹参观他正在开发承建的一座城市。

上海高考英语翻译汇总

上海高考英语翻译汇总一、汉译英1、上海是中国最大的城市之一。

Shanghai is one of the largest cities in China.2、这个公园非常美丽，人们喜欢在这里散步。

This park is very beautiful and people like to walk here. 3、我们需要为这个项目筹集更多的资金。

We need to raise more money for this project.4、他是一名优秀的运动员，但他需要更加努力才能赢得比赛。

He is a good athlete, but he needs to work harder to win the game.5、这个城市有许多历史悠久的建筑物和景点。

There are many historic buildings and attractions in this city.6、这家公司致力于环境保护。

This company is committed to environmental protection.7、我们需要改善我们的饮食习惯。

We need to improve our eating habits.8、这个国家的人口正在迅速增长。

The population of this country is growing rapidly.9、我们需要更有效地利用能源。

We need to use energy more efficiently.10、这个国家有着丰富的文化遗产。

This country has a rich cultural heritage.上海高考英语翻译考点一、名词的翻译1、可数名词可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西，因此它有复数形式。

比如：apple，banana，book等。

2、不可数名词不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。

英专历年翻译试题

上海外国语大学1991年攻读硕士学位研究生考试试卷考试科目：翻译与现代汉语I. Translate the following passage into Chinese.（25%）Thus far, our holiday has been simply a friendly sign of the survival of the love of letters amongst a people too busy to give to letters any more. As such it is precious as the sign of an indestructible instinct. Perhaps the time is already come when it ought to be, and will be, something else; when the sluggard intellect of this continent will look from under its iron lids and fill the postponed expectation of the world with something better than the exertions of mechanical skill. Our day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands, draws to a close. The millions that around us are rushing into life, cannot always be fed on the mere remains of foreign harvests. Events, actions arise, that must be sung, that will sing themselves. Who can doubt that poetry will revive lead in a new age, as the star in the constellation Harp, which now flames in our zenith, astronomers announce, shall one day be the polestar for a thousand years?(Excerpted from The American Scholar by R.W. Emerson)II. Translate the following passage into English.（25%）海风微微的吹过岛上，白日里剩下的热气全吹走了。

历年英语专业八级翻译

1997—2012英语专八真题翻译（汉翻英）1997C-E原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。

我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。

但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。

因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。

他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。

”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。

1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。

参考译文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laborat ory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.1998年C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。

2000年英语一真题翻译

2000 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Part I (略)Part ⅡUse of English一个农民要想成功，就必须在其消费和生产之间努力保持着较大的差距。

他必须存储大量的粮食而不是立即把所有的粮食都消费掉。

农民若想养活自己及家人，就必须有余粮。

他必须用以下三种方式来使用这些余粮：留作种子，留作应对恶劣天气影响的保障，以及作为商品卖掉，来替换旧农具和购买化肥给土壤施肥。

他可能还需要钱来修建灌溉水渠，或在其他方面改善自己的农田。

如果没有余粮，农民就不能自给自足，他就只得变卖部分家产或通过贷款寻求额外的资金。

自然，他会尽量争取低息贷款，但这种贷款不是经常能够得到的。

Part ⅢReading ComprehensionPassage 1长期的、不费力气的成功史可能成为一种可怕的障碍，但是如果处理得当，它也可能成为一种动力。

二战结束后，美国恰好进入这样的一段辉煌时期，当时它拥有比任何竞争对手大八倍的市场，这使其工业经济规模前所未有。

它的科学家是世界上最优秀的，它的工人是最富于技巧的。

美国和美国人的繁荣是那些经济遭到战争破坏的欧亚两大洲人民做梦都想像不出的。

当其他国家逐渐富有起来时，这种差距的缩小是必然的。

同样不可避免的是逐渐失去主导地位的痛苦。

在80年代中期，美国人为他们工业竞争力的减退感到困惑。

有些大型的美国工业，如消费电子工业，在外国的竞争面前萎缩或者崩溃。

到l987年，只剩下一家美国电视机制造企业——Zenith(现在已经完全没有了：Zenith已经被韩国的LG电子兼并)。

外国汽车和纺织品正在大举进入美国国内市场。

美国的机械工业岌岌可危。

在一段时期，好像半导体制造业，这个美国发明的并且对新的计算机时代极为关键的工业，也将成为下一个牺牲品。

所有这些引发了一种信心危机。

美国人已经不再将繁荣视为自然而然的事。

他们开始怀疑他们的经营方法出了问题，怀疑他们的收人很快就会下降。

80年代中期人们对美国工业衰退的原因进行一次又一次的调查。

翻译讲解和上海历年翻译真题

翻译评分标准：1．第1题3分，第2—4题，每题4分；第5题5分。

2．在每题中，单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误累计每两处扣1分。

3．语法错误每处扣1分。

每句同类语法错误不重复扣分。

4．译文没有用所给单词，扣1分。

高考英语翻译技巧“四步法”翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。

要在翻译题中拿到高分，除了扎实的语言基本功外，还要在平时的练习中训练一套翻译四步法，以确保准确率。

下面我们以2006年高考中的一句中译英―我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。

(satisfaction)‖(下文以―06例句‖来指代)为例，来演示这―四步法‖。

第一步：一读中文，理清结构，搭好总体框架中文必须仔细读，尤其是最后两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。

读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。

高考翻译中的长句子都是纸老虎，大家只要判断句子之间的逻辑关系，然后用合适的连接词（或者介词短语，非谓语动词等）把句子给连接起来，整个句子就搞定了。

在06例句中，我们就可以读出―我向她请教‖是时间状语从句，为了呼应之后的―总是‖，我们可选择―每当‖(every time)来充当连词。

在后面的主句中，―有求必应‖与―解释‖之间的关系是并列的，需要一个连词来连接这两个动词，即可以对应―而且‖运用―not only……but also……‖的结构，也可以简化为一个连词―and‖。

第二步：结合中文，决定关键词的位置和用法重视所给关键词，对其所考查的各类词的用法或特殊句型，如倒装句、It句型和There be 句型等，可以先有一个大致的预测。

在此基础上，回到原文，―对症下药‖，保证它与原文的契合度。

同时，也要绝对忠于所给词的词性及大小写。

考研英语一翻译真题及解析(2000—2014)

2002
2002年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2003
2003年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2004
2004年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2005
2005年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2006
2006年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2007
2007年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2008
2008年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2009
2009年考研英语一翻译真ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ及解析（英译汉）
2010
2010年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2011
2011年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2012
2012年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2013
2013年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
考研英语一翻译真题及解析（2000—2014）
考研英语翻译是一项对考生综合能力要求比较高的题型，它不仅要求考生对词汇、语法、语篇以及文化知识等有较好的掌握，还要求考生有很强的语言组织能力。
考研英语一翻译真题及解析（2000—2014）
2000
2000年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2001
2001年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）
2014
2014年考研英语一翻译真题及解析（英译汉）

2000-2010历年考研英语一翻译真题

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)2010One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.(48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.2009There is a marked difference between the education which everyone gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association. (46)It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire tosecure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. (47) Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance. (48)While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. (49) Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young.(50)We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. 2008In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.(48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing toassert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2007The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component ofa journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primarysubjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.2006Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment.This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars.Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and ill ustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say,is something else.2005It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism. 46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -- and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to analyze the European television scene. 47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. 48) This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.49) Creating a “European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice -- that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs. 50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “Unit ed we stand, divided we fall” -- and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity.” A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.2004The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had someconnection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. 62) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. 63) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian languages. 64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. 65) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.2003Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. 61) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth.“Anthropology”derives from the Greek words anthropos:“human”and logos“the study of.”By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind.Anthropology is one of the social sciences. 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the samereasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology.All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. Sir Edward Tylor’s formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. 64) Tylor defined culture as “… that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. Implicit within Tylor’s definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior.65) Thus, the anthropological concept of “culture,” like the concept of “set” in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.2002Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. 61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of theenvironment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditionalprescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. 64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values.” Who will use a technology and to what ends?65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.200171) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73) Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck,” he says. 74) But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of t he next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75) And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder -- kitchen rage.2000Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71)Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.73) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselvesmade relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.答案略。