法律英语专题：侵权法(tort law) PPT
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法律英语lesson10tortlaw教材教学课件
The History and Development of Tort Law
• Medieval Roots: Tort law has its roots in medieval common law, where private individuals were allowed to bring actions against wrongdoers in the form of "actions in trespass." These actions were based on the principle of "lex talionis," or the law of retaliation, allowing victims to seek compensation for harm caused through the courts.
Tort law is separate from criminal law, as it deals with private wrongs rather than public wrongs. It allows individuals to seek compensation for harm caused by the actions of others, whether intentional or not.
The Importance of Tort Law
• Protecting Individual Rights: Tort law serves as a crucial safeguard for individual rights, providing victims of wrongdoing with a legal recourse to seek compensation for harm caused. It helps to ensure that individuals are not left vulnerable to the actions of others without any legal recourse.
Tort Law侵权法英文版
侵权责任法Tort Liability Law第一章一般规定General Provisions第一条为保护民事主体的合法权益，明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进社会和谐稳定，制定本法。
In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of civil subjects, clarify the tort lability, prevent and punishtortious conduct, and promote the social harmony and stability, this Law is formulated.第二条侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。
本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、荣誉权、肖像权、隐私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。
Those who infringe upon civil rights and interests shall be subject to the tort liability according to this Law.“Civil rights and interests” in this Law include the right to life, right to health, right to name, right to reputation, right to honor, right to portrait, right of privacy, marital autonomy, guardianship, ownership, usufruct, security interest, copyright, patent right, exclusive right to use a trademark, right to discover, equities, right of succession, and other personal and property rights and interests.第三条被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort law)资料讲解
The plaintiff must have a reasonable apprehension of such contact.
Actual fear on the plaintiff’s part is not required.
Examples
Assault
swinging a baseball bat at someone holding a rock and threatening to throw
Subcategories
torts against the person
assault battery false imprisonment intentional infliction of emotional distress
General
property torts
trespass to land trespass to chattels (personal property) conversion
dignitary torts
defamation invasion of privacy
Torts Against the Person
Assault
Definition
an intentional act that causes an apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort law)
General
to deter others from committing the same act
US tort law
Tort law in the U. S. is largely common law.
Actual fear on the plaintiff’s part is not required.
Examples
Assault
swinging a baseball bat at someone holding a rock and threatening to throw
Subcategories
torts against the person
assault battery false imprisonment intentional infliction of emotional distress
General
property torts
trespass to land trespass to chattels (personal property) conversion
dignitary torts
defamation invasion of privacy
Torts Against the Person
Assault
Definition
an intentional act that causes an apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort law)
General
to deter others from committing the same act
US tort law
Tort law in the U. S. is largely common law.
法律英语专题侵权法tort law
Tort Law
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
Purpose of tort law
to provide relief to the injured party through the award of damages for the injuries incurred during a tortious act
General
to deter others from committing the same act
Assault
There must be an accompanying act.
The defendant must have the apparent ability to carry out the contact.
Actual ability to carry out the contact is not necessary.
Subcategories
torts against the person
assault battery false imprisonment intentional infliction of emotional distress
General
property torts
trespass to land trespass to chattels (personal property) conversion
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
Purpose of tort law
to provide relief to the injured party through the award of damages for the injuries incurred during a tortious act
General
to deter others from committing the same act
Assault
There must be an accompanying act.
The defendant must have the apparent ability to carry out the contact.
Actual ability to carry out the contact is not necessary.
Subcategories
torts against the person
assault battery false imprisonment intentional infliction of emotional distress
General
property torts
trespass to land trespass to chattels (personal property) conversion
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort-law)
was riding, causing him to fall and be injured mixing something offensive in food that he knows another will eat—the other does in fact eat the offensive matter
Tort Law
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
Many judges utilize the Restatement of Torts (2nd) as an influential guide.
The Restatement is an influential treatise issued by the American Law Institute, which summarizes the general principles of common law United States tort law.
With the tort of assault, a perceived threat by the victim is paramount.
Assault
＊A defendant who throws a rock at a sleeping victim and misses can only be guilty of the attempted battery assault, since the victim would not be aware of the possible harm.
Tort Law
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
Many judges utilize the Restatement of Torts (2nd) as an influential guide.
The Restatement is an influential treatise issued by the American Law Institute, which summarizes the general principles of common law United States tort law.
With the tort of assault, a perceived threat by the victim is paramount.
Assault
＊A defendant who throws a rock at a sleeping victim and misses can only be guilty of the attempted battery assault, since the victim would not be aware of the possible harm.
法律英语专题：侵权法(tort law)
Assault
Definition
an intentional act that causes an apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact
★Apprehension is not the same as fear— here it means awareness that an injury or offensive contact is imminent.
Battery
Definition
an intentional act that causes a harmful or offensive contact
‘Harmful’ contact
contact that objectively intends to injure, disfigure, impair, or cause pain
Tort Law
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
Criminal law recognizes degrees of crimes involving physical contact.
There is but a single tort of battery.
False Imprisonment
法律英语专题侵权法tort law
IIED
Definition
★short for intentional infliction of emotional distress
★referred to as the tort of outrage in some jurisdictions
intentional conduct that results in extreme emotional distress
A person refused to inform another of the whereabouts of that other's child for several years, though the person knew where the child was the entire time.
was riding, causing him to fall and be injured mixing something offensive in food that he knows another will eat—the other does in fact eat the offensive matter
US tort law
Tort law in the U. S. is largely common law.
Courts have the power to shape and change the elements of claims and defenses of existing torts and the power to create new torts.
Statutes have been passed in attempts to ‘reform’ the tort system.
侵权责任法完整版课件全套教学ppt教程
21世纪民商法学系列教材
第二节 侵权行为与债的其他发生原因
二、侵权行为与无因管理
（二）无因管理与侵权行为的联系 1 2
其管理他人事务的行为原则上属于侵权行为，需要承担侵权责任。 如果管理人是为了避免本人遭受生命、身体或财产上的急迫危险而进行事务之
管理，即便由此给本人造成了损害，管理人的侵权责任将受到适当限制。
（二）自己责任与替代责任的侵权行为 1 2 （1）归责原则不同 （2）举证责任不同 （三）人造成损害的侵权行为与物件致害的侵权行为 1 2 （1）归责原则不同 （2）责任主体不同
21世纪民商法学系列教材
第一节 概论
二、侵权行为的分类
（四）单独侵权行为与多数人侵权行为 1 2 （1）行为主体与责任主体的数量不同 （2）是否承担连带责任不同 （五）作为作为的与不作为的侵权行为 1 2 （1）过错过错的认定方法不同 （2）因果关系的判断方法不同
21世纪民商法学系列教材
第三节 侵权责任法的功能
一、概述
侵权责任法的功能，就是侵权责任法在社会生活中所发挥的作用。
二、补偿功能
（一）补偿功能的含义 补偿功能（Ausgleichsfunktion），是指侵权责任法具有填补被侵权
人所遭受的损害的作用。
21世纪民商法学系列教材
第三节 侵权责任法的功能
二、补偿能
（二）补偿功能的实现方式 1 2 （三）《侵权责任法》对补偿功能的贯彻 1 2 3 4
21世纪民商法学系列教材
第三节 侵权责任法的功能
三、预防功能
（一）预防功能的含义 预防功能（Pr ventionsfunktion），也称阻止功能或威慑功能，是指
侵权责任法具有的预防侵权行为发生的作用。 （二）预防功能的实现方式 就补偿功能而言，其重点在被侵权人身上，即对已经发生的损害予以
第二节 侵权行为与债的其他发生原因
二、侵权行为与无因管理
（二）无因管理与侵权行为的联系 1 2
其管理他人事务的行为原则上属于侵权行为，需要承担侵权责任。 如果管理人是为了避免本人遭受生命、身体或财产上的急迫危险而进行事务之
管理，即便由此给本人造成了损害，管理人的侵权责任将受到适当限制。
（二）自己责任与替代责任的侵权行为 1 2 （1）归责原则不同 （2）举证责任不同 （三）人造成损害的侵权行为与物件致害的侵权行为 1 2 （1）归责原则不同 （2）责任主体不同
21世纪民商法学系列教材
第一节 概论
二、侵权行为的分类
（四）单独侵权行为与多数人侵权行为 1 2 （1）行为主体与责任主体的数量不同 （2）是否承担连带责任不同 （五）作为作为的与不作为的侵权行为 1 2 （1）过错过错的认定方法不同 （2）因果关系的判断方法不同
21世纪民商法学系列教材
第三节 侵权责任法的功能
一、概述
侵权责任法的功能，就是侵权责任法在社会生活中所发挥的作用。
二、补偿功能
（一）补偿功能的含义 补偿功能（Ausgleichsfunktion），是指侵权责任法具有填补被侵权
人所遭受的损害的作用。
21世纪民商法学系列教材
第三节 侵权责任法的功能
二、补偿能
（二）补偿功能的实现方式 1 2 （三）《侵权责任法》对补偿功能的贯彻 1 2 3 4
21世纪民商法学系列教材
第三节 侵权责任法的功能
三、预防功能
（一）预防功能的含义 预防功能（Pr ventionsfunktion），也称阻止功能或威慑功能，是指
侵权责任法具有的预防侵权行为发生的作用。 （二）预防功能的实现方式 就补偿功能而言，其重点在被侵权人身上，即对已经发生的损害予以
Tort Law侵权法英文版
侵权责任法Tort Liability Law第一章一般规定General Provisions第一条为保护民事主体的合法权益，明确侵权责任，预防并制裁侵权行为，促进社会和谐稳定，制定本法。
In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of civil subjects, clarify the tort lability, prevent and punishtortious conduct, and promote the social harmony and stability, this Law is formulated.第二条侵害民事权益，应当依照本法承担侵权责任。
本法所称民事权益，包括生命权、健康权、姓名权、名誉权、荣誉权、肖像权、隐私权、婚姻自主权、监护权、所有权、用益物权、担保物权、著作权、专利权、商标专用权、发现权、股权、继承权等人身、财产权益。
Those who infringe upon civil rights and interests shall be subject to the tort liability according to this Law.“Civil rights and interests” in this Law include the right to life, right to health, right to name, right to reputation, right to honor, right to portrait, right of privacy, marital autonomy, guardianship, ownership, usufruct, security interest, copyright, patent right, exclusive right to use a trademark, right to discover, equities, right of succession, and other personal and property rights and interests.第三条被侵权人有权请求侵权人承担侵权责任。
法律英语 十课 侵权法PPT课件
国家的豁免权。 20.05.2020
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Federal Tort claims Act（ FTCA ）
The FTCA permits recovery of money damages because of a negligent or wrongful act or omission by the Federal Government or an employee of the Federal Government while the employee was acting within his/her scope of employment or office.
Personal injury 人身伤害
Implied contract默示合同 Personal injury人身伤害
Breach of warranty 违背保证诺言
Recovery of intangible damage
20.05.2020liable for his tort act ,
– 在有限的情况下儿童亦然（但是，父母仅当 其作为该儿童的代理人或未能按照其监护义 务行事时才负此责），
but not the state unless express statutory provision has abolished state immunity .
– 但国家不在此列，除非法律明文规定取消了
民事诉讼的原告通常会向陪审团提出 索赔主张，这主要是出于人道的考虑 而不是法律的考虑。
儿童受伤
20.05.2020
.
8
Compensation and damages 补偿费和损害赔偿金
Actual loss 实际损害 Intangible damage 无形损害
精选法律英语专题侵权法讲义.
The plaintiff must have a reasonable apprehension of such contact.
Actual fear on the plaintiff’s part is not required.
Examples
Assault
swinging a baseball bat at someone holding a rock and threatening to throw
Categories of torts
intentional torts
General
negligence strict liability torts
Intentional Torts
பைடு நூலகம்
General
Definition
An intentional tort is a tort resulting from an intentional act on the part of the tortfeasor.
（优选）法律英语专题侵权法 课件
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
dignitary torts
defamation invasion of privacy
Torts Against the Person
Actual fear on the plaintiff’s part is not required.
Examples
Assault
swinging a baseball bat at someone holding a rock and threatening to throw
Categories of torts
intentional torts
General
negligence strict liability torts
Intentional Torts
பைடு நூலகம்
General
Definition
An intentional tort is a tort resulting from an intentional act on the part of the tortfeasor.
（优选）法律英语专题侵权法 课件
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
dignitary torts
defamation invasion of privacy
Torts Against the Person
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Tort Law
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
US tort law
Tort law in the U. S. is largely common law.
Courts have the power to shape and change the elements of claims and defenses of existing torts and the power to create new torts.
it at someone pointing a gun at someone pointing a realistic toy gun at someone
Criminal assault and tortious assault
Criminal assault can occur even when no threat is perceived by the victim.
dignitary torts
defamation invasion of privacy
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
Torts Against the Person
Assault
Definition
an intentional act that causes an apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact
Purpose of tort law
to provide relief to the injured party through the award of damages for the injuries incurred during a tortious act
General
to deter others from committing the same act
Many judges utilize the Restatement of Torts (2nd) as an influential guide.
The Restatement is an influential treatise issued by the American Law Institute, which summarizes the general principles of common law United States tort law.
Categories of torts
intentional torts
General
negligence strict liability torts
Intentional Tnition
An intentional tort is a tort resulting from an intentional act on the part of the tortfeasor.
Assault
There must be an accompanying act.
The defendant must have the apparent ability to carry out the contact.
Actual ability to carry out the contact is not necessary.
The plaintiff must have a reasonable apprehension of such contact.
Actual fear on the plaintiff’s part is not required.
Examples
Assault
swinging a baseball bat at someone holding a rock and threatening to throw
Subcategories
torts against the person
assault battery false imprisonment intentional infliction of emotional distress
General
property torts
trespass to land trespass to chattels (personal property) conversion
Statutes have been passed in attempts to ‘reform’ the tort system.
General
Most of them have related to procedural matters and amounts and categories of damages.
★Apprehension is not the same as fear— here it means awareness that an injury or offensive contact is imminent.
Requirements
The act must be overt.
Mere words do not constitute an assault.
With the tort of assault, a perceived threat by the victim is paramount.
Assault
＊A defendant who throws a rock at a sleeping victim and misses can only be guilty of the attempted battery assault, since the victim would not be aware of the possible harm.
General
Tort
a civil wrong which unfairly causes someone else to suffer loss or harm
★It does not include breach of contract or trust. (A civil wrong can be a tort, breach of contract or breach of trust.)
US tort law
Tort law in the U. S. is largely common law.
Courts have the power to shape and change the elements of claims and defenses of existing torts and the power to create new torts.
it at someone pointing a gun at someone pointing a realistic toy gun at someone
Criminal assault and tortious assault
Criminal assault can occur even when no threat is perceived by the victim.
dignitary torts
defamation invasion of privacy
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
可以互相讨论下，但要小声点
Torts Against the Person
Assault
Definition
an intentional act that causes an apprehension of immediate harmful or offensive contact
Purpose of tort law
to provide relief to the injured party through the award of damages for the injuries incurred during a tortious act
General
to deter others from committing the same act
Many judges utilize the Restatement of Torts (2nd) as an influential guide.
The Restatement is an influential treatise issued by the American Law Institute, which summarizes the general principles of common law United States tort law.
Categories of torts
intentional torts
General
negligence strict liability torts
Intentional Tnition
An intentional tort is a tort resulting from an intentional act on the part of the tortfeasor.
Assault
There must be an accompanying act.
The defendant must have the apparent ability to carry out the contact.
Actual ability to carry out the contact is not necessary.
The plaintiff must have a reasonable apprehension of such contact.
Actual fear on the plaintiff’s part is not required.
Examples
Assault
swinging a baseball bat at someone holding a rock and threatening to throw
Subcategories
torts against the person
assault battery false imprisonment intentional infliction of emotional distress
General
property torts
trespass to land trespass to chattels (personal property) conversion
Statutes have been passed in attempts to ‘reform’ the tort system.
General
Most of them have related to procedural matters and amounts and categories of damages.
★Apprehension is not the same as fear— here it means awareness that an injury or offensive contact is imminent.
Requirements
The act must be overt.
Mere words do not constitute an assault.
With the tort of assault, a perceived threat by the victim is paramount.
Assault
＊A defendant who throws a rock at a sleeping victim and misses can only be guilty of the attempted battery assault, since the victim would not be aware of the possible harm.