考博英语英译汉、汉译英专项练习(含详解)2
考博英语翻译练习题及答案
考博英语翻译练习题及答案考博英语翻译练习题及答案在学习、工作中，我们总免不了要接触或使用练习题，通过这些形形色色的习题，使得我们得以有机会认识事物的方方面面，认识概括化图式多样化的具体变式，从而使我们对原理和规律的认识更加的深入。
什么样的习题才是好习题呢？以下是小编精心整理的考博英语翻译练习题及答案，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
考博英语翻译练习题及答案1考博英语翻译练习：三峡考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。
三峡，是万里长江一段风景壮丽的大峡谷，为中国十大风景名胜之一。
它西起四川省奉节县的白帝城，向东延伸至湖北省宜昌市的`南津关，由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡构成，全长192公里。
长江三峡，无限风光。
瞿塘峡的雄伟，巫峡的秀丽，西陵峡的险峻，尚有三段峡谷的大宁河、香溪、神农溪的古朴，并伴伴随许多漂亮的神话和感人的传说，令人心驰神往。
译文参照：The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges is a great valley with the mostsplendid landscape on the Yangtze (Changjiang) River and also one of the ten most famous scenic sites of China.It extends from White King Town in Fengjie County,Sichuan Province,to Nanjin Pass in Yichang,Hubei Province, and consists of Qutang Gorge,Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge,with a full length of 192 kilometers.The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges presents a scene of boundless varieties with the magnificence of Qutang Gorge,the elegance of Wu Gorge,the perilousness of Xiling Gorgeas well as the primitive simplicity of Daning,Xiang and Shennong Rivers.And what’s more,each scene is related to a wonderful fairy tale or a moving legend which attract people.点拨：三峡 the Yangtze Rive r’s Three Gorges壮丽 splendid延伸 extend白帝城 White King Town由…构成 consist of瞿塘峡 Qutang Gorge巫峡 Wu Gorge西陵峡 Xiling Gorge险峻 perilousness 古朴 primitive simplicity神话 fairy tale感人的 moving考博英语翻译练习题及答案2考博英语翻译练习：思乡情考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。
专八考博英语翻译真题汇总(汉译英,英译汉)
我的一个好朋友最近接受了白血病测试。
她对我说，最令人痛苦的折磨就是苦苦等待测试结果的那一周时间。
我朋友说，她可能会学着直面坏结果。
但真正让人煎熬焦虑的是那种茫然的感觉。
孟克(Edvard Munch)的名画《呐喊》哈佛大学心理学家吉尔伯特(Daniel Gilbert)不久前在《纽约时报》(New York Times)的专栏中写道，不知道要发生什么坏事比知道什么坏事要发生的感觉更糟。
我们大多数人之所以会夜不能寐、抽烟发泄，并不是因为道琼斯指数要再跌1000点，而是因为我们不知道道指会不会下跌──不确定的感觉比不确定的事情本身更折磨人。
【英文】A close friend of mine recently underwent tests for leukemia. The most agonizing part of the ordeal, she said, was the week-long wait for the test results. A bad outcome she could learn to cope with, my friend said. It was the not knowing, the uncertainty, that was so difficult.'People feel worse when something bad might occur than when something bad will occur,' wrote Harvard psychologist Daniel Gilbert in a recent New York Times op-ed. 'Most of us aren't losing sleep and sucking down Marlboros because the Dow is going to fall another thousand points, but because we don't know whether it will fall or not ─ and human beings find uncertainty more painful than the things they're uncertain about.'一艘货轮卸货后在浩瀚的大海上返航时，突然遭遇了可怕的风暴。
各校考博英语翻译 - 答案
北理工05翻译参考答案A. 1．我们不是因为种族和肤色的不同而犯错误，也不是因为性别的不同、年龄的长幼。
我们不是因为我们想犯错误而犯了选择或判断的错误。
我们都会犯错误，因为我们是普通人。
犯错误，做出错误判断和做愚蠢的事都是人类的一部分。
我们不能隐瞒自己是谁，也不能躲避我们所做的。
当我们承认了我们的错误和过失并敢于面对自己的缺点时，没有人会用这些来指责我们。
2．我们首先要对自己负责任。
我们可以帮助别人。
我们不能让我们为别人做的事或别人为我们做的事显得比我们为自己做的事更重要。
当我们发现有些事或有些人给我们的生活带来不想要的东西时，我们必须鼓起勇气和力量去制止他们。
这样做，我们就得到了自我保护了。
B. A few years ago, I got to know a young Chinese. He was very clever but highly self-willed and he was eager to go to USA for college education but failed to get admitted by Ivy &Miami University, which he applied for. Luckily, he received the scholarship from an art college, which is a small-scaled and less well-known university among the well-educated Americans. And this university is rarely known in China. All the Americans who had heard his experience were feeling happy for him. But the young man himself was anxious and confused，for the schools ranked behind and his classmates seldom heard of it and their congratulations are few. was his “success” a failure? Should he have stayed in the top university, which had admitted him in Beijing? Or should he have transferred to an American university that he thought would have admitted him? He was still hesitating when time was up that he had to leave. And he even showed regret to his friends.This was an example showing how harmful the place of the school fame or popularity is to young people. However, it was impossible for young people to what is the best university because everyone has his or her own criteria. Even if all of them may agree with certain criteria, they many still have particular opinions and evaluations of their own, which reflect the incompleteness of the information on the school they may have. Maybe one pays particular attention to the quality of the school’s library, another emphasizes the convenience of using computer, and other people may think it is important for the communication between teachers and students, rather than the quality of the library or computer room. If so, how could it be decided?北理工06翻译参考答案Section A21．每一个人都会有一些感到惭愧的、害怕的或内疚的事情。
考博汉译英练习
1.陆地交通的形式，与其说取决于技术，不如说取决于政治、经济和环境方面的考虑。
我们现在就可以建造更坚固、更安静、更防滑的道路，但却不建，因为费用太高。
我们可以在高速公路两旁安装隔音板并且设计出尾气少、轮胎噪音低的卡车，从而使交通噪音减半，但我们不愿意掏这笔钱。
环保游说集团已对汽车厂商产生了巨大的影响，对尾气排放的控制已经严格多了。
但是在控制空汽污染方面仍然任重而道远。
It’s not technology that will determine the shape of land transport so much as political, economic and environmental considerations. We can build stronger, quieter roads with better skid-resistance now, but we don’t because of the cost. We could halve traffic noise by putting noise barriers along motorways and designing lorries with less exhaust and tyre noise, but we won’t pay the bill.The environmental lobby has had a huge impact on car manufacturers and emission control has improved a lot. But there’s still some way to go on the air pollution科学杰出之处就在于它能创造人为的可控之物，科学和工程学使我们能够建造我们今天得以生活在其中的部分人工化了的环境，在这个环境里充满了无数大桥、卡车、飞机、抗生素和基因变异物种。
考博英语历年汉译英
1997年Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society’s power of choice. We can ch oose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defence, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.观看歌剧是件昂贵的事。
北京师范大学考博英语翻译试题及其解析
北京师范大学考博英语翻译试题及其解析Investigators of monkey’s social behavior have always been struckby monkeys’aggressive potential and the consequent need for socialcontrol of their aggressive behavior.Studies directed at describingaggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it,as well as thesocial mechanisms that control it,were therefore among the firstinvestigations of monkeys’social behavior.Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete forany resource in the environment:hungry monkeys would fight over food,thirsty monkeys would fight over water,and,in general,at time morethan one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously,a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form ofaggression.However,the motivating force of competition for Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xiquan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiuqi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi incentives beganto be doubted when experiments like Southwick’s on the reduction ofspace or the withholding of food failed to produce more than temporaryincreases in intragroup aggression.Indeed,food deprivation not onlyfailed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted indecreased frequencies of aggression.Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme fooddeprivation likewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almostall available energy to foraging,with little energy remaining foraggressive interaction.Furthermore,accumulating evidence fromlater studies of a variety of primate groups,for example,the study conducted by Bernstein,indicates that one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group.Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.These studies of intruders suggest that adult members of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because,in the absence of a social order,one must be established to control interanimal relationships.When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization,the newcomer meets even more serious aggression.Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order,in the second case resident animals mob the intruder,thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit.The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect,if only because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets.If,however,the several animals introduced a group constitute their own social unit,each group may fight the opposing group as a unit;but,again,no individual is subjected to mass attack,and the very cohesion of the groups precludes prolonged individual combat.The submission of the defeated group,rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group,reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack.Monkey groups therefore seem to be organized primarily tomaintain their established social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.1.The author of the text is primarily concerned with[A]advancing a new methodology for changing a monkey’s social behavior.[B]comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys.[C]explaining the reasons for researcher’s interest in monkey’s social behavior.[D]discussing the development of investigators’theories about aggression among monkeys.2.Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the text about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys’behavior?[A]Food deprivation has no effect on aggression among monkeys.[B]Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.[C]Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting,but it produces only temporary increase among monkeys in the wild.[D]Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys,but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.3.The text suggests that investigators of monkeys’socialbehavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys because[A]aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeys.[B]successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group.[C]situation that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratory.[D]most monkeys are potentially aggressive,yet they live in social units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses.4.The text supplies information to answer which of the following questions?[A]How does the reduction of space affect intragroup aggression among monkeys in an experimental setting?[B]Do family units within a monkey social group compete with other family units for food?[C]What are the mechanisms by which the social order of an established group of monkeys controls aggression within that group?[D]How do monkeys engaged in aggression with other monkeys signal submission?5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?[A]A hypothesis is explained and counter evidence is described.[B]A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it iscited.[C]Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.[D]Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.[答案与考点解析]1.【答案】D【考点解析】本题是一道中心主旨题。
考博翻译
汉译英 (二)
1.一家网上赌博公司已经开始接受全球变暖赌 1.一家网上赌博公司已经开始接受全球变暖赌 注，下注的对象包括海水能否淹没美国东 海岸的一些顶级度假胜地。 海岸的一些顶级度假胜地。 An online gambling service has started taking bets on global warming, including whether it can submerge some of the East Coast’ Coast’s top vacation spots.
汉译英 (二)
2.别去下这样的注，原因在于美国东海岸的海平面 2.别去下这样的注， 别去下这样的注 虽然在上升， 虽然在上升，科学家们却从未预测过近似于赌博 公司提供的有关海水上涨的具体高度和日期。 公司提供的有关海水上涨的具体高度和日期。 Don’ Don’t bet on it, says Phil Roehrs, a coastal engineer for the city of Virginia Beach. Roehrs said although sea levels are rising along the East Coast, scientists are not predicting anywhere near the levels and dates provided by the gambling service.
汉译英 (三)
1.安大略的大型化学品公司宣称，一名工人无意中 1.安大略的大型化学品公司宣称， 安大略的大型化学品公司宣称 错按了该公司的“停工”开关， 错按了该公司的“停工”开关，这一无心大错将 使这家大型塑料厂无法履行一些合同， 使这家大型塑料厂无法履行一些合同，由此损失 的利润将达1,100万美元 万美元。 的利润将达1,100万美元。 A worker accidentally tripping a shutoff switch at a major Ontario plastics plant will cost Nova Chemicals Corp. $11 million in lost profit, the company said, because it won’t be able to fulfill won’ some contracts because of the blunder.
博士翻译考试题及答案
博士翻译考试题及答案一、单句翻译（共30分，每题3分）1. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“随着全球化的推进，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
”答案：With the advancement of globalization, cross-cultural communication is becoming increasingly important.2. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：“Economic growth has been the primary focus of national development strategies.”答案：经济增长一直是国家发展战略的主要焦点。
3. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“科技创新是推动社会进步的关键因素。
”答案：Technological innovation is a key factor in driving social progress.4. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：“The company has recently undergone a significant restructuring p rocess.”答案：该公司最近经历了一次重大的重组过程。
5. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“环境保护是每个公民的责任。
”答案：Environmental protection is the responsibility of every citizen.6. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：“The research findings suggest that early intervention is crucial for the treatment of this disease.”答案：研究结果表明，早期干预对于这种疾病的治疗至关重要。
7. 请将下列中文句子翻译成英文：“教育对于培养下一代具有不可替代的作用。
”答案：Education plays an irreplaceable role in nurturing the next generation.8. 请将下列英文句子翻译成中文：“The government has implemented new policies to address the housing crisis.”答案：政府已经实施了新政策来解决住房危机。
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十二篇】
【导语】⽣活中，我们每天都在尝试中，我们⾛向成功，品味失败，⾛过⼼灵的阴⾬晴空。
运动员们，不要放弃尝试，⽆论失败与否，重要的是你勇于参与的精神，付出的背后是胜利。
⽆论是否成功，我们永远赞美你，你们永远是我们的骄傲。
以下我⽆忧考为考⽣整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【⼗篇】》供您查阅。
2018考博英语翻译练习：房价问题 中国房价问题近年来⼀直是社会热门话题。
⼤中型城市房价⼀直居⾼不下且呈逐渐上涨的趋势。
有的年轻⼈根本买不起房，有的则成为了房奴(mortgage slaves)。
房奴是近⼏年出现的社会流⾏词。
顾名思义，房奴的意思是房屋的奴⾪。
这些⼈为买房⽽向银⾏借贷款，然后⽤⼀⽣的精⼒来偿还。
据某房地产站的调查，中国约32%的⼈⽉供占到了收⼊的50%以上，成为了名副其实的房奴。
他们在享受有房的⼼理安慰的同时，也承受着巨⼤的精神压⼒，⽣活质量⼤为下降。
参考译⽂： Chinese housing prices have been hot social topics in recent years. House prices in medium-and-large cities keep high,with the trend of further going up.Some young people simply cannot afford purchasing any house, while others become mortgage slaves.Mortgage slaves (or house slaves) are a new buzzword that emerged in the society in recent years. Just as the name suggests,house slaves refer to people who are enslaved to mortgage for their houses.These people borrow loans from banks to buy a house and then repay the loans with their lifetime efforts.According to survey by a real estate website, about 32 % of Chinese people paid over 50% of their income as monthly mortgage payment,so they indeed became slaves of the house.While they seem to enjoy some psychological comfort that they have their own houses,they have to bear tremendous stress, with quality of life dropped down significantly.2018考博英语翻译练习：经济全球化 经济全球化(Economic globalization)必然带来⽂化产品和服务的全球化。
考博英语阅读训练及全文翻译
考博英语阅读训练及全文翻译（一）Overseas students shun UK and US universitiesThe market share of international students enjoyed by British and US universities has dropped sharply as Australia，Japan and New Zealand become increasingly popular destinations，according to an international comparison of education systems published yesterday.The latest edition of Education at a Glance，an annual audit published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development，showed that although foreign students continue to be attracted to the two countries because of the English language teaching and perceived quality of education，in relative terms their position is weakening.The Paris-based organisation reported that US market share fell 2 per cent from 2002-3，while the UK suffered the fastest decline among OECD members，falling from 16.2 per cent in 1998 to 13.5 percent in 2003.The most recent year used by the report is 2003 so the percentages did not include a 21.3 per cent fall in the number of Chinese students accepted for university courses in Britain this year. Britain is increasingly reliant on the higher fees paid by students from outside the European Union to help sustain its universities for domestic students.The overall number of students studying outside their own countries stood at 2.1m in 2003，an 8.3 percent annual average increase since 1998.According to the report the international complexion of US campuses has changed strikingly since September 11 2001. The country''s universities have seen decreases of 10-37 per cent in students from the Gulf states，northern Africa and some south-east Asian countries.The report also concluded that despite continued，if uneven，growth in the number of graduates churned out by the rich world''s universities，the monetary value of a degree showed no sign of having been tarnished.Andreas Schleicher，head of the Indicators and Analysis Division of the OECD''s Directorate of Education，said there was no evidence of inflation of the labour-market value of qualifications and that graduates could expect to continue to earn considerably more than those without a degree.Assessing the performance of the world''s schools，Mr Schleicher said Asia was soaring while Europe remained level and South America had slipped into relative decline.一、全文翻译英美大学留学生人数骤跌据昨天公布的一项国际教育体系比较研究称，英美大学的留学生市场份额急剧下降，而澳大利亚、日本和新西兰日益成为受欢迎的留学目的地。
2020年整合考博英语英译汉、汉译英专项练习(含详解)2名师精品资料
人大考博英语汉译英专项练习（1-10，含详解）专项练习1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。
古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。
今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。
科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。
【参考译文】Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.专项练习2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。
考博汉译英试题
2002年Translation(80 minutes, 30 marks)
从成年羊细胞克隆（c lone）的羊不仅开辟了广阔的科学上的可能性，也带来了道德上的窘境，一个外表普通名叫多利（Dolly）的羊羔照片上周成为全球报纸杂志的头版，这是因为她惊人的出生：她是一位成年羊的一模一样的复制品，没有父亲。
尽管研究工作者们已经清楚表明他们认为改变他们的技术来克隆人是不道德的，但他们的示范还是提供了令人不安的前景：别人不一定会如此有所顾忌，克隆人意味着妇女原则上不用男人的帮助也能繁殖。
已经有好几个国家宣布禁止克隆人的研究。
但是如果克隆人证明确实是可行的话，那将不可能阻止医生克隆人——如果不在这个国家就可能在那个国家。
克隆需要技术和耐心，但是所需要的设备则是生物实验室的普通之物，确实，有些研究人员已经宣布他们克隆了猴子，另外一些则在好几年前就知道如何利用相同的技术克隆母牛和兔子，因此可能不需要太多的投资就能建立一个研究中心来克隆病人。
Translation (25 marks)
76. 现在的年轻人心怀不切实际的抱负，追逐地位和财富，正在把自己弄得很痛苦。
在最近的一个调查报告里，半数以上年轻人说：如果他们到30岁还没有一个长期的合作伙伴，银行里没有存款，没有一个高级的事业职位，没有一辆豪华车，没有家，他们会感到好似失败了。
显而易见，这是治疗痛苦的妙方。
但是不可避免地，只有少数人会实现这些目标，而大多数人觉得自己失败了。
更何况，即使表面上看似赢家的人也身处感到好像是失败者的大风险之中。
2023年考博英语真题及答案
2023考博英语真题及答案PART 1 TRANSLATION (Chinese to English )1.为了减缓交通，提高空气质量，北京公布了新的交通规章。
To relieve the traffic and improve the air quality, new traffic regulations have been issued in Beijing.考点一：减缓交通(relieve the traffic)考点二：公布(issue)2.有牢靠的证据说明，日光暴晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
(evidence) There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sunlight and skin cancer.考点一：日光曝晒(exposure to sunlight)考点二：“皮肤癌”一词的翻译3.虽然他深知吸烟有害安康，但他对我们要他戒烟的忠告却置若罔闻。
(aware)Tough he is aware that smoking is harmful to health, he is always turning a deaf ear to our advice that he give up smoking.考点一：be aware of 的用法考点二：be harmful to 的用法考点三：对置若罔闻(turn a deaf ear to)4.科学家们不负众望，胜利放射了一枚人造卫星。
(live)The scientists successfully launched a man-made satellite, living up to peoples expectation.考点一：不负众望(live up to peoples expectation)考点二：放射卫星(launch a satellite)5.那场大雾直到11点钟才散去，延误了好几十个航班。
考博英语(语法)练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（语法）练习试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. GrammarGrammar1．______a ticket for the match, he can now only watch it on TV at home.A．Obtaining notB．Not obtainingC．Not having obtainedD．Not obtained正确答案：C解析：在这个句子中，已经发生的事情(没有买到票)对后来的事情(看电视)产生了影响，所以应该用现在分词的完成式。
因此，答案是C。
知识模块：语法2．How can I ever concentrate if you______continually ______ me with silly questions?A．have, interruptedB．had, interruptedC．are, interruptingD．were, interrupted正确答案：C解析：在这个句子中，continually的意思是“不断地，频繁地”。
continually 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，所以，句子应该用现在进行时。
因此，答案是C。
知识模块：语法3．As it turned out to be a small house party, we ______ so formally.A．need not have dressed upB．must not have dressed upC．did not need to dress upD．must not dress up正确答案：A解析：在这个句子中，句意表达的意思是：不必要做某事，但事实上却做了某事。
在题目提供的四个选项中，needn’t have done表示“过去不必做某事，但事实上却做了”。
所以，答案是A。
知识模块：语法4．They moved to Portland in 1998 and lived in a big house, ______to the south.A．the windows of which openedB．the windows of it openedC．its windows openedD．the windows of which opening正确答案：A解析：本题中空格处需填的内容用来引导定语从句，由于本句的时态是一般过去式，所以定语从句中的谓语动词用过去式，因此A项为正确答案。
四川大学历年考博英语翻译题答案.doc
1. 英译汉第一次世界大战和经济大萧条迫使人们不得不重新冷静地评价來势迅猛的技术大爆炸。
一种思想派别——技术决定主义认为，现代社会再也不是19世纪及20世纪初期的工业年代了。
他们说，后工业时代社会已经成为一种现实。
先进电子技术所带来的复杂的社会技术网络已经使国家的政府机构，资木主义性质的公司和人口拥挤的城市失去原有的作用。
2. 汉译英Moon gazing is an ancient art. To prehistoric hunters their understanding of the moon overhead was a unerring as heartbeat. They knew that every 29 days it became full-bellied and brilliant, then sickened and died, and then was the reborn. They knew that the waxing moon appeared larger and higher overhead after each succeeding sunset while the waning moon rose later each night until it vanished in the sunrise.2003答案1. 英译汉：现在，城市化比以前任何时候都更有影响。
它是世界性的，到处都可以感受到它的影响。
联合国的统计数字表明，在约30年的时间里，全世界过半的人口将住在城市里。
这是个具有深远意义的转变，也许是人类史的一个重要里程碑并将以现在无法想象的方式去影响着人类和大自然。
整个人类的定居史都与地形学和资源有着密切的联系。
直到几个世纪之前，人类定居模式还是主要巾农业、渔业、采矿业、水利和国防而定。
城镇和村落相继发展成了商业和市场中心，服务于落后地区。
在欧洲，从文艺复兴起，有钱人就在乡T修建了大型的住宅，然后往返于城乡之间。
考博英语英译汉、汉译英专项练习(含详解)
人大考博英语英译汉专项练习（1-6，含详解）专项练习1Top colleges and universities are rushing into online education, but the big news is the proliferation of a new breed of for-profit online institutions bringing Internet education to the masses. “The Internet will probably be the single most democratizing force in education,”says Columbia Business School Dean Meyer Feldberg, who envisions educational programs being routed through the Net to hundreds of millions of people. The largest online institution is the University of Phoenix (/), with some 6, 000 students today and hopes of reaching 200, 000 students in 10 years. The University offers bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees in business management, technology, education and nursing. The institution boasts that if you’re a student “you can earn your degree via the Internet whenever and wherever you want.”The University notes that its degree programs cost far less and may take some students far less time to complete. On the other hand, a Business Week survey of 247 companies found that only a handful would consider hiring applicants who earned their MBA degrees online. Whether that will change as for-profit online universities improve their offerings—and graduates prove their worth —is anyone’s guess.【参考译文】目前一些顶尖高等院校正仓促进行在线教育，但是传出的一条重要消息却是一种新的旨在盈利的在线机构的激增，这些机构正在把因特网网上教育带给广大民众。
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人大考博英语汉译英专项练习（1-10，含详解）专项练习1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。
古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。
今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。
科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。
【参考译文】Science and technology is the source power which can drive civilization of Human being. China, an old-line country, has had a high position in the world’s technology history. Today, Chinese people are not only sharing the harvest of technology and civilization with people from rest of the world, but promoting the science and technology in all kinds of field as well. High-tech Olympics means that we will closely follow the latest high-tech developments home and abroad and integrate the high-tech achievements nationwide so as to host a magnificent sports event in high-tech achievement. In doing so, Beijing’s capacity in high-tech innovation will be improved and the application of high-tech achievements in production and people’s life promoted. Beijing Olympic Games will be a window to showcase our high-tech achievements and innovative capacity.专项练习2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。
因为当时原油价格创下了历史新记录，作为应对措施，很多公司不得不提高机票价格中的燃料费用。
美国人和欧洲人不断发胖的趋势促使政府发动健康运动，同时人们严厉谴责许多食品公司。
麦当劳连锁店在谴责声中受到冲击，因而不得不在最近几个月里修改菜单，增加了一些更有利于健康的食物。
这一举动促使麦当劳的盈利增加。
然而，据专家预测，人类注定会越来越胖，会对航空公司的利润空间形成不断增加的压力。
【参考译文】Last year, the Federal Aviation Administration increased by ten pounds the average passenger weight they use to calculate aircraft loads. Since then crude oil prices have hit record levels, with many firms responding by raising the fuel surcharge they add to ticket prices.The rising level of obesity in the US and in Europe has prompted government health campaigns and harsh criticism of a number of food firms. Restaurant chain McDonald’s has taken the brunt of the attack and has in recent months reworked its menu to include healthier options. The move has helped lift profits. The prediction by experts, however, is that humans are set to become bigger, putting increasing pressure on airline profit.专项练习3据最新估计，雅典奥运会的开支已达到100亿美元，这对于希腊这样的小国来说可是一笔不小的数目，何况它曾经是欧盟中最贫穷的国家。
希腊对这次奥运会可能带来的美好前景寄予厚望，并想借此机会（向世界）展示一个“焕然一新”的希腊，以吸引新的投资者和游客。
但是，本国运动员的兴奋剂丑闻和旅游业的低靡破坏了希腊的形象，这使希腊政府十分恼火。
希腊财政部的一位重要官员告诉记者，希腊只有正确处理好公众关系，才能使雅典奥运会的开销变成投资。
【参考译文】Latest estimates of the costs of hosting the Athens Olympics put them at up to $10 billion huge amount for a small country like Greece, once the poorest in the EU.The nation has pinned hopes of a successful future on the events being a showcase for a “transformed” country, attracting new investors and tourists alike. But there is anger in government that the home team’s doping scandals and a tourism slump are ruining Greece’s image. A key treasury aide told reporters that Games spending would become an investment only if Greece got the right public relations message across.专项练习4正在意大利进行国事访问的中国国家主席江泽民22日在总统府与意大利总统举行了会谈。
江泽民主席说，中意两国虽然相距遥远，社会制度、文化传统、经济发展程度也存在差异，但两国关系很好。
现在两国合作的深度与广度不断扩大，意大利是中国在欧洲的重要贸易伙伴。
两国经济互补性强，双方开展经贸合作潜力很大。
中国政府支持和鼓励中国企业界同意大利同行多往来，使两国经贸合作更富有成果。
【参考译文】Chinese president Jiang Zeming who is currently on a state visit to Italy held a formal talk with Italian president on 22nd at the presidential palace. President Jiang pointed out that although Italy and China are geographically far away from each other and important differences exist in their respective social systems, cultural traditions, and the levels of economic development, the two countries have so far maintained a very friendly bilateral relationship. At present, the cooperation between the two countries has been expanding in terms of both the depth and the width, Italy being an important trade partner of China in Europe. The economies of both countries are characterized by strong complementarity and there is tremendous potential for both countries to undertake economic and trade cooperation. The Chinese government will support and encourage Chinese business communities to conduct more contacts with their Italian counterparts so as to make the economic and commercial cooperation between the two countries more constructive and fruitful.专项练习5徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。
他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。
他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。
为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人烟稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。
【参考译文】During his lifetime, Xu Xiake traveled around and conducted surveys in 16 provinces. He left his footsteps in virtually every part of the country. In the process of conducting his surveys and investigations, he would never blindly embrace the conclusions recorded in previous documents. Instead, he discovered that the documentations made by his predecessors in their geographical studies were not quite reliable in many aspects. In order to ensure that his reconnaissance were real and detailed, he seldom traveled by ship or by wagon. He climbed over mountains and hills and traveled long distances almost entirely on foot. In order to develop a true picture of the natural world, he made it a point of undertaking his expeditions in those mountain areas where roads weredifficult to travel and in those woods that were sparsely populated. In this way he discovered many marvelous mountains and beautiful scenes. He frequently chose different times and seasons of the year to make repeated visits to the famous mountains across the country so that he could make repeated observations of their wonderful scenery that kept changing all year round.专项练习6在过去几十年里,大多数发展中国家的人民文化水平得到了提高,寿命大大延长;几乎在所有地方，妇女的地位在逐步提高。