新世纪大学英语综合教程3课文翻译1-6
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不懊悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.多尔蒂先生创立自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
新标准大学英语综合教程3 课文翻译(Unit1-6)
BOOK3 UNIT 1抓螃蟹大学最后一年的秋天,我们的心情变了。
刚刚过去的夏季学期的轻松氛围、即兴球赛、查尔斯河上的泛舟以及深夜晚会都不见了踪影,我们开始埋头学习,苦读到深夜,课堂出勤率再次急剧上升。
我们都觉得在校时间不多了,以后再也不会有这样的学习机会了,所以都下定决心不再虚度光阴。
当然,下一年四五月份的期末考试最为重要。
我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一,那也太丢人了,因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。
以前每天下午五点以后,图书馆就空无一人了,现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座,小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋,他们脸色苍白,睡眼惺忪,却很自豪,好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。
还有别的事情让大家心情焦虑。
每个人都在心里盘算着过几个月毕业离校之后该找份什么样的工作。
并不总是那些心怀抱负、成绩拔尖的高材生才清楚自己将来要做什么,常常是那些平日里默默无闻的同学早早为自己下几个阶段的人生做好了规划。
有位同学在位于麦迪逊大道他哥哥的广告公司得到了一份工作,另一位同学写的电影脚本已经与好莱坞草签了合约。
我们当中野心最大的一位同学准备到地方上当一个政党活动家,我们都预料他最终会当上参议员或国会议员。
但大多数同学不是准备继续深造,就是想在银行、地方政府或其他单位当个白领,希望在20出头的时候能挣到足够多的薪水,过上舒适的生活,然后就娶妻生子,贷款买房,期望升职,过安稳日子。
感恩节的时候我回了一趟家,兄弟姐妹们免不了不停地问我毕业后有什么打算,我不知道该说什么。
实际上,我知道该说什么,但我怕他们批评我,所以只对他们说了别人都准备干什么。
父亲看着我,什么也没说。
夜深时,他叫我去他的书房。
我们坐了下来,他给我们俩各倒了杯饮料。
“怎么样?”他问。
“啊,什么怎么样?”“你毕业后到底想做什么?”他问道。
父亲是一名律师,我一直都认为他想让我去法学院深造,追随他的人生足迹,所以我有点儿犹豫。
过了会儿我回答说:“我想旅行,我想当个作家。
”我想这不是他所期待的答案。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside。
Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land。
Few get round to putting their dreams into practice。
This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy,as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains,he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在.但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr。
Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E。
新世纪大学英语第三册课文翻译
新世纪大学英语第三册课文翻译Unit2 textA你的爱有多深|1, 有人认为爱如浮云,有人认为爱坚强如铁,有人认为爱是一种生活方式,有人认为爱是一种感觉,有人说爱要执着,有人说爱不要约束,有人说爱是生命的全部,有人说不知道爱为何物。
2 在我们生命中的某个阶段,我们会经历难以名状的情感。
这种情感只能体会,无法用语言描述。
莫大的喜悦伴随着丝丝的伤感一同降临,这就是爱。
3 在紧张忙碌的生活中,我们竟能找到时间,沉湎于感情之中,这确实令人感佩。
然而,此时我想知道:我们是否懂得爱到底有多么深刻。
记得上学的时候,我迷恋的对象真是数不清:我的数学老师、邻居的儿子、好朋友的弟弟,还有另外一些因为眼睛的颜色、胡子的形状或走路的姿势而让我倾慕的人。
年少时的爱慕,不会带来伤害,如肥皂泡一样转瞬即逝。
那些稚气、大胆的想法和行为,现在想来大可一笑了之。
但是,在那时,对我来说,没有比恋爱更重要的事了。
接着就进入了真正“谈〞情“说〞爱的阶段。
4我在女子学校学习,和男孩子交往的时机寥寥无几,因此,我热切地期待着我们学校和男子学校举办的交谊会。
交谊会上,一群精心打扮的年轻男子毫无顾忌地盯着我们。
这三个小时中的点点滴滴,成了我们在以后四个星期中足够的谈资,我们在议论时,心情澎湃。
5即使是在那个时候,我也没有真正交男朋友的需要。
、6在我的成长岁月中,不知何故,我相信爱情该来的时候自然会来。
事实果真如此。
当我有了稳定的工作,有了长期的方案和比拟安定的生活〔我现在还不到25岁呢!〕时,爱情降临了。
我也比拟成熟了,能够步入不贪图许多回报而需要大量付出的感情关系。
7 我的爱情是在友谊这块地基上建起的高楼大厦。
爱情经过旷日持久的培养才开花。
我和我的恋人相互理解、同甘共苦、相互关心,投入了丰富的感情,才使爱情开展到今天。
爱情意味着情投意合。
你也许会说,我属于浪漫的传统派。
但是,依我看,爱情需要培养。
我们必须把爱情同强烈而短暂的激情或身体的愉悦区别开来。
新世纪大学英语综合教程3(1-6)课后句子和短文翻译
新世纪大学英语综合教程3(1-6)课后句子和短文翻译新世纪大学英语综合教程3课后句子和短文翻译Unit One1. 以共同利益为基础的友谊是不容易破裂的。
The friendship grounded on common / shared interest does not break up easily. / It is not easy for the friendship grounded on common / shared interest to break up.2. 孩子们必须学会将电脑中的暴力与勇敢区分开来。
Children must learn to distinguish between violence and bravery / courage in computer games.3. 当今世界每天涌现如此多新鲜事情,要求一个人什么都知晓是不合情理的。
There spring up so many new things every day in the world that it is no longer sensible to expect a person to know / keep track of everything.4. 诸如背离朋友这类事并不受法律制裁的,所以才有了我们称作的“道德法庭”。
Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends; that is why there is what we call / is called \5. 有人把今天的文化描绘为“快餐文化”。
无论做什么事,人们只是追求用最短时间达到最大的满足。
Today’s culture is described as “fast-food culture”. Whatever they may be / are doing, people just pursue the greatest / maximum satisfaction within the shortest time.6 常言道,天下没有免费的午餐。
大学英语综合教程3课文翻译
大学英语综合教程3课文翻译第一课:生活中的困扰原文:Living With RegretRegrets. We all have them. They can range from minor inconsiderate acts to major life-changing decisions. But no matter the scale, regrets serve as a constant reminder of our past mistakes and missed opportunities.Regrets often stem from our desires to change the past. We wish we had made different choices or taken different paths. We dwell on what could have been, rather than accepting what is. This obsession with the past can hinder our ability to live in the present and enjoy the opportunities that await us.Living with regret can be a heavy burden to carry. It weighs us down emotionally and mentally. We constantly replay the past in our minds, seeking to find a different outcome and trying to understand how things could have been different. This constant rumination can lead to feelings of guilt, sadness, and even depression.Regret can also have a negative impact on our relationships. If we are constantly dwelling on past mistakes, it can prevent us from fully engaging with others in the present. We may be hesitant to form new relationships or trust others, fearing thatwe will make the same mistakes again. This fear and hesitancy can limit our social connections and prevent us from experiencing the joys of deep and meaningful relationships.So how do we break free from the grip of regret? It starts with acceptance. Accepting that we cannot change the past, no matter how much we wish we could. We must forgive ourselves for our mistakes and learn from them. It is through learning and growth that we can move forward and create a better future.In addition to acceptance, it is important to focus on the present moment. By practicing mindfulness and being fully present in our daily lives, we can let go of the past and embrace the opportunities that come our way. Life is constantly changing, and if we are too focused on what has already happened, we may miss out on the beauty of what is happening right now.Regrets are a natural part of life, but they do not have to consume us. By accepting the past, focusing on the present, and learning from our mistakes, we can live a life free from the burden of regret.翻译:带着遗憾生活遗憾,我们都有。
新世纪大学英语第三册课文和翻译
1 What is FriendshipMichele E. Doyle & Mark K. SmithWhen we approach the notion of friendship, our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend. In one setting, we may describe someone as a friend; in another, the label may seem less appropriate. Therefore, people tend to have a very thin understanding of what friendship really means. To help us understand what friendship really means, we need to review some classical views of friendship.One classical view of friendship is provided by Aristotle, the famous ancient Greek philosopher. Aristotle distinguishes between what he believes to be genuine friendships and two other forms: one based on mutual usefulness, the other on pleasure. So, according to Aristotle, we may find three kinds of friendship:Friendship based on utility. Utility is an impermanent thing: it changes according to circumstances. When the ground for friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. Friendships of this kind seem to occur most frequently between the elderly, because at their age what they want is not pleasure but utility. Friendships based on utility are also frequently foundamong those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage. Such persons do not spend much time together, because sometimes they do not even like one another, and therefore feel no need of such an association unless they are mutually useful. They take pleasure in each other's company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.Friendship based on pleasure. Friendship between the young is thought to be grounded on pleasure, because the lives of the young are regulated by their feelings, and their chief interests are in their own pleasure and the opportunity of the moment. As they grow up, however, their tastes change too, so that they are quick to make and to break friendships. That is why they fall in and out of friendship quickly, changing their attitude often, even within the same day.Friendship based on goodness. Perfect friendship is based on goodness. Only the friendship of those who are good, and similar in their goodness, is perfect. The conduct of good men is the same or similar. It is between good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form. Such friendships are rare and they need time and intimacy; for as the saying goes, true friends must go through trials and tribulations together. And no two persons can accept each other and become friends until each has proved to the other that he is worthy of love, and so won his trust. The wish for friendship may develop rapidly, but true friendship does not.Another classical view of friendship can be found in the writings of Cicero, an ancient Roman statesman and orator. According to Cicero, true friendship is only possible between good men. He further defines "the good" as "those whose actions and lives leave no question as to their honor, purity, equity, and liberality; who are free from greed, lust, and violence; and who have the courage of their convictions." The friendship between good men, based on virtue, does offer material benefits, but it does not seek them. All human beings are bonded together in a community of shared reason. Therefore, in friendships and relationships, those who possess any superiority must regard themselves as equals of those who are less fortunate. It is virtue that creates and preserves true friendship.Thus, we may see that the traditional idea of friendship is made up of three components: Friends must enjoy each other's company; they must be useful to one another; and they must share a commitment to the good. According to the classical views, virtuous friends are bound together, as they recognize each other's moral excellence. To perceive a friend, therefore, is to perceive oneself; and to know a friend is to know oneself. Each can be said to provide a mirror in which the other may see himself. Through networks of such virtuous friends, we can develop a shared idea of the good and pursue it together. Friendship of this kind is permanent, because in it are united all the attributes that friendsought to possess.友谊的真谛米歇尔·E·多伊尔马克·K·史密斯我们探讨友谊这个概念时,遇到的第一个问题是,没有社会公认的择友标准。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译完整版
unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
新世纪大学英语综合教程3课文翻译
新世纪大学英语综合教程3课文翻译Unit one1社会公认的socially acknowledged2在一种情况下in one setting3肤浅的理解 a thin understangding4区分distinguish between5解散break up6追逐个人利益pursue one’s own advantage 7喜欢做某事take please in (doing sth)8到……程度in so far as9建立在……基础上base on /be grounded on10受感情支配be regulated by one’s feelings 11眼前的重要机会opportunity of the moment 12在……相似be similar in(在某方面)13和……相似be similar to14常言道as the saying goes15值得爱be worthy of love16摆脱贪婪be free from greed17物质利益material benefits18相伴为乐enjoy each other’s company 19同样忠诚于share a commitment20高尚品德moral excellence21达成共识develop a share ideaUnit two1难以名状defy definitong2大胆的想法adventurous thoughts3异性the opposite gender4长期计划 a long-term plan5会多或少more or less6安定的生活 a settled life7互相让步give and take8在……的基础上on the foundation of9意见一致 a meeting of minds10传统派the traditional school11培养爱情love need to nurtured12短暂的爱short-live love13质朴的外表the unpretentious looks14一个久远的年代 a bygone era15随大流jump on the boudwagon16心灵的契合mental compatibilities17把……归咎于blame on18弄清楚figure out19扭曲的情感distored emotion20确定重点set prionties21履行承诺honor one’s commitments 22终身不渝的关系life-long bonds。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
unit 6 The Last LeafWhen Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life. The doctor held out little hope for her. Her friends seemed helpless. Was there nothing to be done?约翰西病情严重,她似乎失去了活下去的意志。
医生对她不抱什么希望。
朋友们看来也爱莫能助。
难道真的就无可奈何了吗?1 At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.在一幢三层砖楼的顶层,苏和约翰西辟了个画室。
“约翰西”是乔安娜的昵称。
她们一位来自缅因州,一位来自加利福尼亚。
两人相遇在第八大街的一个咖啡馆,发现各自在艺术品味、菊苣色拉,以及灯笼袖等方面趣味相投,于是就有了这个两人画室。
2 That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers. Johnsy was among his victims. She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5月里的事。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3课文原文及翻译Until1-6
unit 1 Mr. Dohert y Builds His DreamLifeMr. Dohert y Builds His DreamLifeJim Dohert y1 Thereare two things I have always wanted to do -- writeand live on a farm. TodayI'm doingboth. I am not in E. B. White's classas a writer or in my neighb ors' league as a farmer, but I'm gettin g by. And afteryearsof frustr ation with city and suburb an living, my wife Sandyand I have finall y foundconten tment here in the countr y.多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
如今我同时做着这两件事。
作为作家,我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级,作为农场主,我和乡邻也不是同一类人,不过我应付得还行。
在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后,我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。
2 It's a self-relian t sort of life. We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegeta bles. Our hens keep us in eggs, with severa l dozenleft over to sell each week. Our bees provid e us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just aboutmake it throug h the heatin g season.这是一种自力更生的生活。
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeIn America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
(完整word版)新视界大学英语综合教程3(1-6单元)课文翻译
第一单元1. 我们没有必要太在乎别人对我们的评价,应为他们的评价不一定是客观公正的。
(in that; objective)We do not need to care too much about what people say about us in that what they say is not necessarily objective.2. 自身发展,他换了不少工作,并最终找到了适合自己的职位,但他的经历并不适用于每个人。
He changed quite some jobs for the sake of his self-development before he finally found a position suitable for him. But his experience does not apply to everyone.3. 在为自己设定目标之前,首先要弄清楚自己需要的是什么,对自己的需要越了解,越容易设定切实可行的人生目标。
(figure out; the more … the more …)We should first figure out what we rieally need before we set goals for ourselves. The more we know about what we need, the easier it is to set practical goals.4. 大多分雇主关心的不是你自我能力的提升,而是你能为公司做多大贡献。
(what …; not … but …)What most employers care about is not your self-improvement, but what you contribute to the company.5. 无论结果如何都不要轻言放弃,不能因为一次求职失败就低估自己的能力。
新世纪综合教程3 课文翻译(第二版)
全新版大学英语综合教程3课文原文及翻译
u nit 1 Mr.Doherty Bu ilds His D ream LifeIn Ameri ca many pe ople havea romantic idea of l ife in the countrysi de. Many l iving in t owns dream of starti ng up thei r own farm, of livin g off theland. Fewget roundto putting their dre ams into p ractice. T his is per haps justas well, a s the life of a farm er is farfrom easy,as Jim Do herty disc overed whe n he set o ut to comb ine beinga writer w ith runnin g a farm.Neverthele ss, as heexplains,he has noregrets an d remainsenthusiast ic about h is decisio n to chang e his wayof life. 在美国,不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的情感。
许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场,梦想着靠土地为生。
很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。
或许这也没有什么不好,因为,正如吉姆·多尔蒂当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样,农耕生活远非轻松自在。
但他写道,自己并不后悔,对自己作出的改变生活方式的决定仍热情不减。
Mr. Dohe rty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty 1 Th ere are tw o things I have alwa ys wantedto do -- w rite and l iveon a f arm. Today I'm doing both. I a m not in E. B. White's class a s a writer or in myneighbors'league as a farmer, but I'm g etting by.And after years offrustratio n with cit y and subu rban livin g, my wife Sandy and I have fi nally foun d contentm ent here i n the coun try.多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3课文原文及翻译Until1-6
unit 1 Mr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeMr. Doherty Builds His Dream LifeJim Doherty1 There are two things I have always wanted to do -- write and live on a farm. Today I'm doing both. I am not in E. B. White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by. And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.多尔蒂先生创建自己的理想生活吉姆·多尔蒂有两件事是我一直想做的――写作与务农。
如今我同时做着这两件事。
作为作家,我和E·B·怀特不属同一等级,作为农场主,我和乡邻也不是同一类人,不过我应付得还行。
在城市以及郊区历经多年的怅惘失望之后,我和妻子桑迪终于在这里的乡村寻觅到心灵的满足。
2 It's a self-reliant sort of life. We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegetables. Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week. Our bees provide us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season.这是一种自力更生的生活。
新世纪大学英语综合教程3课文翻译1-6
译文第一单元友谊的真谛米歇尔·E·多伊尔马克·K·史密斯我们探讨友谊这个概念时,遇到的第一个问题是,没有社会公认的择友标准.在某一情境下,我们会把某个人称为朋友;然而,情境一旦变迁,朋友这个称呼就显得没那么贴切了。
因此,人们对友谊的真谛的理解往往是非常肤浅的.为了帮助我们理解友谊的真正含义,我们需要回顾有关友谊的几种传统的看法。
一种传统的友谊观在古希腊著名的哲学家亚里士多德的著作里得以阐述。
他将自己心目中真正的友谊同另外两种友谊截然分开。
这两种友谊分别是:基于互利的友谊;基于愉悦的友谊。
因此,根据亚里士多德的观点,我们可以将友谊分为三类:建立在功利之上的友谊.|功利并非永恒,它依照环境而变化。
友谊的根基一旦消失,友谊也随之破灭.这类友谊似乎在老人之间最为常见,因为上了年纪的人需要的不是愉悦而是实用。
基于功利的友谊也同样存在于追逐个人利益的中年人和青年人中。
这些人不会在一起消磨时光,因为他们有时甚至不喜欢对方,因而觉得除非可以互相利用,否则没有交往的必要。
只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候,才会乐于呆在一起.建立在愉悦之上的友谊。
|年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的,因为年轻人的生活受感情支配,他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。
然而,他们的情趣随着自己日渐成长也会变化,他们交友容易,分手也干脆.年轻人的态度变化无常,甚至一日数变,难怪他们的友谊总是迅速地开始,又匆匆地结束.建立在美德之上的友谊。
|完美无瑕的友谊立足于美德。
只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间建立的友谊才是最完美的.品行高尚的人,其行为是相同的,或者是类似的。
爱和友谊多半在品行高尚的人之间发生,而且以最高雅的形式出现。
这种友谊是罕见的,需要时间,需要交往。
常言道,真正的朋友必须同甘共苦,历经风雨.只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并获得对方的信任之后,彼此方能接受对方为朋友。
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译文第一单元友谊的真谛米歇尔·E·多伊尔马克·K·史密斯我们探讨友谊这个概念时,遇到的第一个问题是,没有社会公认的择友标准。
在某一情境下,我们会把某个人称为朋友;然而,情境一旦变迁,朋友这个称呼就显得没那么贴切了。
因此,人们对友谊的真谛的理解往往是非常肤浅的。
为了帮助我们理解友谊的真正含义,我们需要回顾有关友谊的几种传统的看法。
一种传统的友谊观在古希腊著名的哲学家亚里士多德的著作里得以阐述。
他将自己心目中真正的友谊同另外两种友谊截然分开。
这两种友谊分别是:基于互利的友谊;基于愉悦的友谊。
因此,根据亚里士多德的观点,我们可以将友谊分为三类:建立在功利之上的友谊。
|功利并非永恒,它依照环境而变化。
友谊的根基一旦消失,友谊也随之破灭。
这类友谊似乎在老人之间最为常见,因为上了年纪的人需要的不是愉悦而是实用。
基于功利的友谊也同样存在于追逐个人利益的中年人和青年人中。
这些人不会在一起消磨时光,因为他们有时甚至不喜欢对方,因而觉得除非可以互相利用,否则没有交往的必要。
只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候,才会乐于呆在一起。
建立在愉悦之上的友谊。
|年轻人之间的友谊常被看作是建立在愉悦基础之上的,因为年轻人的生活受感情支配,他们感兴趣的主要是自己的快乐和眼前的重要机会。
然而,他们的情趣随着自己日渐成长也会变化,他们交友容易,分手也干脆。
年轻人的态度变化无常,甚至一日数变,难怪他们的友谊总是迅速地开始,又匆匆地结束。
建立在美德之上的友谊。
|完美无瑕的友谊立足于美德。
只有那些品德高尚而且拥有相似美德的人之间建立的友谊才是最完美的。
品行高尚的人,其行为是相同的,或者是类似的。
爱和友谊多半在品行高尚的人之间发生,而且以最高雅的形式出现。
这种友谊是罕见的,需要时间,需要交往。
常言道,真正的朋友必须同甘共苦,历经风雨。
只有当两个人互相证明自己值得爱并获得对方的信任之后,彼此方能接受对方为朋友。
交友的意愿可能倏忽而至,但真正的友谊却要慢慢培养。
另一种传统的友谊观可以在古罗马政治家、演说家西塞罗的著作里找到。
西塞罗认为,真正的友谊只能在好人之间发生。
他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人;那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人;那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。
”好人之间建立的这种友谊立足于美德,它确实可以带来物质利益,但决不以追求物质利益为目标。
人类生活在以共同的理想为基础的社会。
因此,在处理朋友关系和其他人际关系时,优越于他人的人必须平等地对待那些没那么幸运的人。
美德创造友谊,美德使友谊之树常青。
我们由此可以看出,传统的友谊观由三个要素构成:朋友以相伴为乐;朋友必须彼此受益;彼此都有志于崇高的事业。
这些传统的友谊观告诉我们,两个品德高尚的朋友是永不分离的,因为彼此认同对方的高尚品德。
因此,认识朋友就是认识自我,了解朋友就是了解自我。
可以说朋友就好比是一面镜子,每个人都可以从朋友身上看清自己。
置身于品德高尚的朋友之中,我们会对美德达成共识,共同为之不遗余力。
这样的友谊是永恒的,因为朋友应该具备的一切品质都凝结在这种友谊关系中。
第二单元你的爱有多深有人认为爱如浮云有人认为爱坚强如铁有人认为爱是一种生活方式有人认为爱是一种感觉有人说爱要执着有人说爱不要约束有人说爱是生命的全部有人说不知道爱为何物在我们生命中的某个阶段,我们会经历难以名状的情感。
这种情感只能体会,无法用语言描述。
莫大的喜悦伴随着丝丝的伤感一同降临,这就是爱。
在紧张忙碌的生活中,我们竟能找到时间,沉湎于感情之中,这的确令人感佩。
然而,此时我想知道:我们是否懂得爱到底有多么深刻。
记得上学的时候,我迷恋的对象真是数不清:我的数学老师、邻居的儿子、好朋友的弟弟,还有另外一些因为眼睛的颜色、胡子的形状或走路的姿势而让我倾慕的人。
年少时的爱慕,不会带来伤害,如肥皂泡一样转瞬即逝。
那些稚气、大胆的想法和行为,现在想来大可一笑了之。
但是,在那时,对我来说,没有比恋爱更重要的事了。
接着就进入了真正“谈”情“说”爱的阶段。
我在女子学校学习,和男孩子交往的机会寥寥无几,因此,我热切地期待着我们学校和男子学校举办的交谊会。
交谊会上,一群精心打扮的年轻男子毫无顾忌地盯着我们。
这三个小时中的点点滴滴,成了我们在以后四个星期中足够的谈资,我们在议论时,心情澎湃。
即使是在那个时候,我也没有真正交男朋友的需要。
在我的成长岁月中,不知何故,我相信爱情该来的时候自然会来。
事实果真如此。
当我有了稳定的工作,有了长期的计划和比较安定的生活(我现在还不到25岁呢!)时,爱情降临了。
我也比较成熟了,能够步入不贪图许多回报而需要大量付出的感情关系。
我的爱情是在友谊这块地基上建起的高楼大厦。
爱情经过旷日持久的培养才开花。
我和我的恋人相互理解、同甘共苦、相互关心,投入了丰富的感情,才使爱情发展到今天。
爱情意味着情投意合。
你也许会说,我属于浪漫的传统派。
但是,依我看,爱情需要培养。
我们必须把爱情同强烈而短暂的激情或身体的愉悦区别开来。
我们的父辈,接受了理想爱情的灌输。
那是一个约束、压抑、崇敬、仰慕和十足浪漫的年代。
长裙、娴静质朴的外表、卷曲的长发、恬静的气质、羞怯的目光——这一切常使人想起一个消逝久远的年代。
那个年代,男女之间的距离无论如何都有助于维持爱情以及恋爱关系的神圣性。
年轻的一代人,由于观念开放,随着男女之间交往界线的消退,他们便急于赶浪头,匆忙恋爱,以至于难以区分身体的互相吸引与心灵的相投。
我们从媒体中接触到的人和事,使我们的感情历程大大加速,要想慢慢地体会自己的感受,确实需要付出努力。
学校里的青少年在全然没有感情的关系中所背负的感情包袱,令我深感难过。
也许有些人会把他们目前的感情状况归结为同龄人之间所施加的压力。
但是,可曾有任何人停下来想一想同龄人之间的压力来自何处?我们是否尝试着弄清楚是谁造成了这样的转变?可曾有人费神去研究青少年的心理呢?从这一代人处理个人生活的方式上,我们很容易看出他们的思想倾向。
跟从前相比,现在有更多的情感在欲望的压力下扭曲。
他们更注重外表的美丽而忽视内在的魅力。
两性交往随便了,亲密无间却少了;激情多了,感情却少了;个人获得的多了,相互间分享的少了;寻机获利的现象多了,无私的奉献少了。
简而言之,“自我”多了,爱的分享少了。
在这个竞争激烈的年代,我们已经变得麻木不仁,将恋爱的实质抛于脑后。
作为恋爱中的人,不只是意味着把红色的玫瑰花和五毛钱一张的卡片送给恋人,我们要做的事情还很多。
我们将自己的时间、陪伴、支持和友谊作为礼物送给自己的恋人了吗?我们是否确定了生活中最重要的事情,而后真诚地做好每一件事?我们是否先在情感上成熟起来,再尽情地追求爱情?我们是否给自己、给他人足够的时间和空间以巩固恋情的发展?我们是否为了追求有意义的、永恒的友谊而不遗余力?我们是否履行了自己的承诺?我们是否将自己的精力和感情倾注于终生不渝的关系而不是浪费在朝秦暮楚的关系中?人的生命只有一次,我们必须去体验能使我们更为坚强的每件事。
真正的爱情一生只有一次。
我们任由轻佻的行为令自己身心疲惫,当真正的爱情到来时,我们却没有能力伸开双臂迎接它的降临。
第三单元追求以公众利益为宗旨的幸福在过去的50年里,我们西方国家的经济获得了史无前例的增长。
我们的家园、车辆、假期、工作、教育,尤其是健康,均得以改善。
依据标准经济理论,这些改善原本应该使我们更加幸福,然而,调查显示并非如此。
英国人和美国人接受幸福程度的调查时说,在过去的50年里,他们的幸福程度并没有得到改善。
抑郁症患者人数上升,同时犯罪率大幅增长也说明了人们对生活的不满足。
上述事实对我们个人以及社会优先考虑的诸多事情都提出了挑战。
事实上,我们现在的处境是人类从未经历过的。
当大多数人还在为温饱发愁时,物质条件的改善的确能令他们幸福一些。
富庶国家(比如,人均年收入在两万美元以上)的人民比贫穷国家的人民幸福一些;而贫穷国家的人民,如果稍微富裕,也会幸福得多。
然而,物质上的匮乏一旦消除,收入的增加便不如亲情、友情、邻里和睦等人际关系那么重要。
但是,我们在追求更高的收入时牺牲了太多这样的关系,这很危险。
渴望幸福是人类本性的核心。
人人都渴望这样一个社会:人们尽可能地幸福,每个人的幸福同等重要。
这应当是我们这个时代的人生哲学,应当用来指导公共利益的维护准则和每个人的行为,应当逐渐取代无法使我们更加幸福的极端的个人主义。
金钱的确是影响个人幸福的关键因素之一。
但是,金钱本身能使我们最终获得幸福吗?在任何一个社会,富人往往比穷人幸福。
然而,当一个西方国家越来越富有的时候,其人民的幸福程度在总体上并未得到改善。
随着时间的推移,我们的标准和期望随着收入的增加而上升。
盖洛普民意测验每年都向美国人提问:“一个四口之家至少需要多少钱才能在这个国家生活下去?”人们说出的数字上升的幅度与平均收入增加的幅度是一样的。
因为人们总是拿自己的收入和他人的收入以及他们惯于拥有的收入相比较,只有当他们认为和平均水准相比有所上升时才感到幸福。
这一过程反而达不到预期的目的。
我努力工作、赚更多钱的动力是:这会使我更幸福一些。
其他的社会成员也同样如此,他们也关注自己相对的生活标准。
既然社会整体无法以自己为参照物而提高自己的地位,那么社会成员为使自己更加幸福所付出的努力可以说是一种浪费——当休闲与工作的天平偏向工作时,工作是“没有效率”的。
为了进一步证实这一论点,我从社会地位方面加以说明。
人的地位可能来源于所挣得的收入或所花费的金钱。
人们工作,至少部分原因是为了提高自己的地位。
然而,地位是一种等级体系:第一,第二,第三,等等,所以当一个人的地位提高了,其他人的地位就同等程度地下降。
这是一种得失平衡的游戏:从整个社会看,为了提高地位而牺牲个人的生活,是一种浪费。
因此,永无止境的竞争极具破坏性:我们在追求一种总体不变的东西时失去了家庭生活和平和的心境。
在某种意义上,人们最渴望的是尊重。
他们追求经济地位因为它可以赢来尊重。
但是,我们可以重视也可以轻视经济地位。
在一个竞争日益激烈的社会,如果我们不放宽尊重的标准,社会上能力偏低的人会感到生活更加艰辛。
我们应该尊重那些同他人一起合作而自己没有获益的人,那些在各个阶层上施展才能、努力工作的人。
因此,让每个人都能学会一种本领尤为重要。
在英国,这意味着只要年轻人愿意,一定要确保他们每个人都学会手艺,使那些学业不成功的人也能在职业生涯中感到自豪,不会在长大成人时觉得自己是失败者。
人与人之间难免产生比较,因为等级体系的存在是必要的,不可避免的。
有些人得到晋升,而另一些人却没有。
此外,职位得以晋升的人薪水也要提高,因为他们有才华,雇主也乐意招贤纳士。
所以,在人们挑选工作和选择雇主的关键时刻,薪水作为一个重要因素影响着他们的决定。