高中英语语法分类讲解与练习

合集下载

英语语法讲解及练习大全(附答案)

Contents第一部分语法讲解第一讲词类、句子成分、构词法 (3)第二讲名词 (4)第三讲代词 (6)第四讲数词 (9)第五讲冠词 (10)第六讲形容词和副词 (12)第七讲介词 (19)第八讲动词（一）动词概述 (21)第九讲动词（二）动词时态和语态 (25)第十讲动词（三）非谓语动词及动词辨析 (29)第十一讲连词 (35)第十二讲简单句 (36)第十三讲句子成分 (39)第十四讲简单句句式 (42)第十五讲并列句和主从复合句 (43)第二部分巩固与提高测评测评一名词 (47)测评二代词 (48)测评三数词 (51)测评四冠词 (52)测评五形容词和副词 (54)测评六介词 (58)测评七动词 (60)测评八连词 (69)测评九句子 (70)测评十交际用语 (75)第三部分语法网络图第一讲：词类、句子成分和构词法：2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。

如：who, she, you, it .3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如：good, right, white, orange .4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。

如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。

如：am, is,are,have,see .6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。

如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。

如：a, an, the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in, on, from, above, behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。

如and, but, before .10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

2023年高中英语语法：名词性从句用法详解及强化练习分析

2023年高中英语语法：名词性从句用法详解及强化练习分析名词性从句分类简述名词性从句，就是指其作用相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

一、主语从句1. 引导词：主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句，引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类：一是that;二是whether;三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语，如what, who, which, when, where, how, why 等。

如：That we shall be late is certain. 我们要晚了，这是确定无疑的。

What he says is not important. 他说的话并不重要。

Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。

2. 形式主语：有时为了避免句子显得“头重脚轻”，可用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语放在句末。

如：It’s a pity that he didn’t come. 很遗憾他没来。

It was uncertain whether he could come or not. 他是否会来还不肯定。

这三句句首的it均为形式主语，相应的真主语分别是that he didn’t come / what she did / whether he could come or not。

二、表语从句表语从句就是在复合句中用作表语的从句。

一般说来，可用于引导主语从句的引导词也可用于引导表语从句，如that, what, who, which, when, where, how, why, whether等。

如：My idea is that we should do it right away. 我的意见是马上就干。

That is what he meant. 这就是他的意思。

The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。

（完整版）高中英语语法讲解与练习

（完整版）高中英语语法讲解与练习<< 语法 >> 学案第一讲冠词口诀: 冠词分为定冠、不定冠，不定冠词a和an，“—”的含义表泛指表示特指要用the，次序、方位、最高级世上物体独一个，人或事物再次提以下情况冠词免，学科球类三顿饭名词复数表泛指，季节星期月份前不定冠词a/an的用法:不定冠词有"a和an"两种形式。

"a"用在以辅音开头的词前，"an"用在以元音开头的词前。

判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。

一般情况下，开头字母是a、e、f、h、j、l、m、n、o、r、s、x前用不定冠词an。

1.在可数名词单数形式前表示"一":There is a tiger in the zoo.动物园里有一只老虎。

2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous.老虎可能有危害性。

3. 表示"某一个"的意思A gentleman wants to see you.有一位先生要见你。

4. 表示"同一"的意思They are nearly of an age.他们几乎同岁。

5. 表示"每一"的意思We go swimming four times a week.我们每周去游泳四次。

6. 在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业My mother is a teacher.我妈是教师。

7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。

8. 在英国英语中，以"h"开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用"an" There is a/an hotel near here.这附近有一家旅馆。

高中英语语法专题讲解：词性、成分与句子结构附练习题

高中英语语法专题讲解词性、成分与句子结构（一）词性一、四大词性与句子结构紧密相关1. 名词：主语、宾语、表语、同位语2. 动词：谓语3. 形容词：定语、表语、补语4. 副词：状语二、其他词性1. 代词：主宾表2. 疑问词who, whom, whose, what, which（主宾语，两个例外）when, where, why, how（状）（二）句子成分主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表、同位。

句子成分口诀：主谓宾，定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。

主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。

定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。

状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。

基本成分主谓宾，连带成分定状补。

主语宾语adj.物主代词（定语）n.物主代词（主宾表）反身代词（宾表）我I me my mine myself我们we us our ours ourselves你you you your yours yourself你们you you your yours yourselves他he him his his himself她she her her hers herself它it it its its itself他们they them their theirs themselvesNo news is good news. 没消息就是好消息。

一、主语：句子开头的、动词/助动词或be 之前的那个成分。

充当主语的有：名词、代词、名词短语、动词不定式、动名词、从句。

I like dancing.The girl is very smart.Xiao Ming would go to the countryside to see his grandpa.二、谓语：主语后面的动词或动词词组。

She made a speech at the meeting.The old man took care of the kid many years ago.Flight 258 is taking off.三、宾语（由名词、代词、名词短语、动词不定式、动名词、从句充当）：牢记两个词：动宾、介宾1. 动宾：及物动词之后的宾语。

高中英语语法：四种名词性从句讲解与练习

名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。

因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

引导词：主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句，引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类：一是that；二是whether；三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语，如what, who, which, when, where, how, why等（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。

有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。

2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。

有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。

3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。

that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。

注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。

连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。

根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。

一、主语从句与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。

只是不能用if, that 不可省；（一）、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。

（二），主语从句的特点1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if 不能用；1）、陈述句用that。

2）、一般疑问句用whether。

3）、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导。

2.经常隐身（以it为形式主语出现）。

例句：1.It's true that the earth is round.That the earth is round is true.2. 表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether.It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not.Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided.3. 从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。

高中英语语法：主谓一致-讲解与练习

主谓一致Ⅰ. 主谓一致原则含义：在英语句子中，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

分类：语法一致原则、逻辑意义一致原则、就近原则。

Ⅱ. 语法一致原则：谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。

His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.What he said is true.【注意】★由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。

What I bought were three English books.What I say and do has nothing to do with you.★ a pair of +表无生命的名词+单数谓语；a pair of +表人或动物的名词+单数/复数谓语：This pair of shoes is not mine.The happy pair is / are going to Hawaii for their honeymoon.2.―单数名词+ and + 单数名词‖作主语，谓语动词用复数：You and I are good friends.The boy and the girl were so surprised when they heard the news.【注意】★如果and 并列的主语指的是同一个人或物时，谓语动词用单数：a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + 单数名词（人）+ 单数谓语a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ and + a/ the + 单数名词（人）+ 复数谓语The dancer and singer was greeted by a crowd of people.The dancer and the singer were greeted by a crowd of people.★由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式:Every man, woman, and child needs love.Each boy and girl was given a book.Every minute and every second is precious.★有些用and连接起来的单数名词，由于关系密切，已被看成一个整体，因而作主语时，谓语单词用单数。

高三英语语法讲解及练习题：介词

精品基础教育教学资料，仅供参考，需要可下载使用！重难点分析介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。

不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。

介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

一、介词从结构上分类一览表二、主要介词的区别1. 表示时间的at, in, onat表示片刻的时间。

如：at 8 a.m.。

常用词组有：at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year等。

in表示一段时间。

如：in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。

on指具体的或特定的日子。

如：on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day等。

2. 表示时间的for, since与fromfor后接时间段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。

如：Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years. 布朗先生在那个小山村住了差不多30年。

since后接过去某一时间点，表示“自从……以来”，常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。

如：We haven’t seen each other since 2005. 自从2005年以来，我们彼此没见过面。

from“自……起”，可与多种时态连用。

高中英语语法教案及配套练习

高中英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习教案章节：一、动词时态教学目标：1. 理解动词时态的概念和重要性。

2. 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时的用法。

3. 能够正确运用动词时态进行句子构建和交流。

教学内容：1. 动词时态的概念和分类。

2. 一般现在时的用法，如：I like apples.3. 一般过去时的用法，如：I visited the museum yesterday.4. 一般将来时的用法，如：I will travel to Japan next year.5. 现在进行时的用法，如：I am reading a book now.6. 过去进行时的用法，如：She was watching TV yesterday evening.7. 现在完成时的用法，如：I have finished my homework.8. 过去完成时的用法，如：She had already eaten breakfast before I arrived. 教学活动：1. 引入动词时态的概念，让学生理解动词时态的重要性。

2. 通过例句和练习，讲解和巩固各个动词时态的用法。

3. 小组活动，让学生相互练习使用动词时态进行句子构建和交流。

配套练习：1. 选择题：判断下列句子中动词时态的使用是否正确。

2. 填空题：根据语境，选择合适的动词时态填空。

3. 翻译题：将下列句子翻译成英文，注意使用正确的动词时态。

教案章节：二、名词和冠词教学目标：1. 理解名词的概念和重要性。

2. 掌握可数名词和不可数名词的用法。

3. 掌握定冠词和不定冠词的用法。

4. 能够正确运用名词和冠词进行句子构建和交流。

教学内容：1. 名词的概念和分类。

2. 可数名词和不可数名词的用法，如：apple (可数名词)和water (不可数名词)。

3. 定冠词和不定冠词的用法，如：The cat (定冠词)和a cat (不定冠词)。

高中英语语法讲解与练习之动名词与现在分词

动名词与现在分词的区别三、动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态如下：主动语态、被动语态、一般式writing、being written、完成式having written、having been written其否定形式是在doing前加上not1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作，即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作，或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。

如：I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。

2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。

如：I don‟t remember having met him before.3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。

（1）它的一般式表示。

如：I don‟t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下，我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。

（2）它的完成式表示。

如：I am very pleased at your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。

（3）在某些动词，我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式，尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，这似乎是一种强大的习惯。

如：Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。

I don‟t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。

Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。

（4）在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式，而用一般式代替，以免句子显得累赘，尤其是在口语中。

如：I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园，可我忘了。

高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解及其练习题

高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解及其练习题The document was prepared on January 2, 2021高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解及其练习题非谓语动词是一个较难学的,今天我给大家总结一下非谓语动词的使用和练习,希望大家能把非谓语动词学会非谓语动词是在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分3种形式：不定式,分词现在分词、过去分词,动名词1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：1如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.2都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.3都有主动与被动, “体”式一般式；进行式；完成式的变化.例如：He was punished by his parents.谓语动词被动语态He avoided being punished by his parents.动名词的被动式We have written the composition.谓语动词的完成时Having written the composition, we handed it in.现在分词的完成式4都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.谓语动词的逻辑主语The boss ordered them to start the work.动词不定式的逻辑主语We are League members.谓语动词的主语We being League member, the work was well done.现在分词的逻辑主语2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1非谓语动词可以有名词作用如动词不定式和动名词,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.2非谓语动词可以有形容词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.3非谓语动词可以有副词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中作状语.4谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.二非谓语动词的句法功能：二、非谓语动词用法：一动词不定式：to+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.1．不定式的形式：以动词write为例否定式：not + to do1一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,例如：I'm glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot.We plan to pay a visit.He wants to be an artist.The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.2进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.3完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如：I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.He is pleased to have met his friend.2．不定式的句法功能：1作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do.2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do.4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do.常用careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语.2作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.3作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式宾语后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语不定式后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.4作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.5作定语：动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系：①动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词：He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything to sendHave you got anything to be sent②说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the work.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get here.6作状语：①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right：To save money, he has tried every means. wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.②表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out.③表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.④表程度：It's too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.7作独立成分：To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.8不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词.If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.9不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to.He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.二动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能.1．动名词的形式：否定式：not + 动名词1一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.2被动式：He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会. 3完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.4完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.5否定式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告.6复合结构：物主代词或名词所有格+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.2．动名词的句法功能：1作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的.Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的.2作表语：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.3作宾语：They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染.注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句.此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,则常用形式宾语it,例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid避免, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit承认,deny否认, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk冒险, appreciate感激, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help情不自禁地, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…from,keep …from, stop…from,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…in, succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like4作定语：He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.Is there a swimming pool in your school 你们学校有游泳池吗5作同位语：The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.三现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.1、现在分词的形式：否定式：not + 现在分词1现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球.2现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作.The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.2．现在分词的句法功能：1作定语：现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后.In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如：in the following years 也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.2现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒.The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心.be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构.3作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等.例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着.4现在分词作状语：①作时间状语：While Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.②作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.③作方式状语,表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗.④作条件状语：If Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.⑤作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎.⑥作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.⑦作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了.⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了.Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习.有时也可用with without +名词代词宾格+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了.⑨作独立成分：udging fromby his appearance, he must be an actor.从外表看,他一定是个演员.Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心.四过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成.不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要一一记住.过去分词的句法功能：1．过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会.注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面.过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句.2．过去分词作表语：The window is broken. 窗户破了.They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.注意：be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.区别：The window is broken.系表The window was broken by the boy.被动有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成.如：boiled water开水 fallen leaves落叶newly arrived goods新到的货 the risen sun升起的太阳the changed world变了的世界这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed 等.3．过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次.有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了.4．过去分词作状语：Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.表示原因Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.表示时间Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.表示条件Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.表示让步Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞.非谓语动词考点分析1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 ,did’t include women players until 1919.playing be first played played be first playing析：根据题干,必须选表示被动的选项,故排除A、D；因B选项表“将要被举行”意,不合题干之用,只有C选项相当于which was first played才合用.2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sportin the world.make析：B、C是谓语动词,在此不可用.D项to make或表目的,或表“将要使得”,这都不合题干情景.只有,可作状语,表结果.再举一现在分词作结果状语例：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻,因而耽误了.3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.be taken take taken析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项,C、D应排除.Take后无宾语,必然要用被动式,故答案为A.4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.wash be washing析：根据be made to do sth.句式,可定答案为A.5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.eat not not to eat eating析：根据warn sb.notto do sth.句式,可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律,又可排除A,而定C.6．——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change try going to go try and go going析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D.若将B项改为try to go,则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案.依据题干对话内容,乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样,所以答案仍为D.7．______ a reply,he decided to write again.receiving not having received not received析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位,B、D皆为错误形式.A项不能表达先于decided的动作,只有选C项才表没收到信在先,决定再写信在后,所以C为正确答案.8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.invent have invented mvented析：consider表“考虑”意时,其后动词用doing形式,此处不表“考虑”,而表“认为”,这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式.据此可排除B、D两个选项.又因A表“要发明”意,不合题用,只有C表“发明了”意,才合题用,故选C.9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.invite invited been invited析：“被邀请参加晚会”,应选表被动意的选项,B不可用.D项少引导词who,也应排除.又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语,C也应排除,只有＝who were invited才是正确答案.10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.tied tied be tired析：B表主动意,应排除.C表“将要被捆绑”,A表“正在被捆绑”都不合题意,只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思,符合题干情景.再看一类似例句： He came in,withhis head held high.他昂首走了进来.非谓语动词专练more attention,the trees could have grown better.give givenfirst textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.be written written writtenmissing boys were last seen ______ near the river.play be playingin thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.lose lostpassing me he pretended ______ me.see having seen have not seen to have seenchildren insisted ______ there on foot.going would go their goingstill remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.taken takenthe railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.at;to find to;discovering thatarriving at;finding out to;to have found outthe boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.;finding;leading lead;found;to lead ;finding;led ;found;ledthese pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.;seen ;seeing ;seeing ;seencan hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.have sailed sailyou wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against your face.moveis known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.;advancing ;advanced ;advanced ;advancingshopping,people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need.persuaded persuadedwas terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.be followed followedexcuse my ______ in without ______ .;permitted ;permitted ;being permitted come;being permittedhis head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.;being held ;holding held;held ;to be held18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day——Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.;singing ;sung ;singing ;sungquestion ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.;discussed ;had discussed discussed;discussed ;discussingthe cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.;to do done;doing be done;doing have done;doingis no use ______ your past mistakes.A. regrettingB. regretC. to regretD. regrettedhusband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her five children.;to leave ;leaving ;left ;leavingam very have a very difficult problem ______ .work work out be worked out work it outwould appreciate ______ back this affernoon.to call call calling ’re callingmountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .;tired ;tiring ;tiring ;tiredsaw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.themselveswas glad to see her child well ______ care of.be takenis one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.solve be solvedmaps properly,you need a special pen.draw drawingis a river ______ around our school.run be runningabout the two of us ______ a walk down the gardentake be takenwas fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.;stolen ;stealing ;stolen ;stealingthe kind－hearted boy ____ me with my work,I’m sure I’ll be able to spare time___ with your work.help;help you out ;helping you ;to help you out help;to help youmovedd by her words, ______ .came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tearsC. tears could hardly be held backD. his eyes were filled with tears.35.——I hope the children won’t touch the dog.——I’ve warned them ______ .to touch dowould love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.go have gone gone______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.asked be askedman kept silent in the room unless ______ .to to speakwas often listened ______ in the next room.sing to singthan ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.;ride ;ride ;to ride ride;ridingboy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .to to do do it not to’s troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.they have to have not not having their havinghis telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.knowing not having known not knowis used ______ houses in some places .build building be built builton ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.do be doingday we looked forward to ______ .come comewould you rather ______ the workhave to do have do to do doyou think it any good ______ with him againtalk talking talkednew ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .fully fully accepted accepting being acceptedgovernment forbids ______ such bad books.publish非谓语动词专练答案1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A D C 41―45 A C A A A 46―50 C D A B D非谓语动词非谓语动词是指分词包括现在分词和过去分词、不定式、动名词等三种形式,即：doing , done , to do , doing .当然它们有各自不同的变化形式,如：现在分词 doing : 有being done被动式 ; having done 完成式; having been do ne 完成被动式不定式 to do : 有to be done 被动式; to have done 完成式; to be doing进行式动名词 doing : 有having done完成式; being done被动式 ;非谓语动词的特点：三种非谓语动词都具有动词的特征,虽然它们没有人称和数的变化,但是它们都能带自己的状语或有时跟宾语.它们都有各自的特征：分词具有形容词和副词的特征；动名词具有名词的特征；不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征.具体来讲：分词在句子中可以做定语、表语、状语或补足语等；动名词在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语等；不定式在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语、补足语或状语.下面分别对三种非谓语动词进行讲解：一．动词不定式先看几个例句,判断不定式在句中的成分.1．To learn a foreign language is difficult .2． His wish is to be a driver .3．Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .4．The teacher told us to do morning exercises .5．I have nothing to say .6．They went to see their aunt .7．It’s easy to see their aunt.8．I don’t know what to do next .9．I heard them make a noise .说明：1．动词不定式作主语, 2.动词不定式作表语,3.动词不定式作宾语,4．动词不定式作宾语补足语,5．动词不定式作定语,6．动词不定式作目的状语,7．动词不定式作真正主语,it 代替动词不定式,作形式主语.8．带有连接代词的动词不定式作宾语,9．不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语.掌握动词不定式应注意的几个问题：1．“to” 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词.agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to2．带to 还是不带toI have no choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give inI saw him enter the classroom .但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .3．动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的.但是有时用of .It’s necessary for you to study hard .It’s foolish of him to do it .与of 连用的形容词有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语.例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .5．不定式的省略.下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to .want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , o ught to , need to , used to , be able to6．不定式作定语,应注意两种关系：1动宾关系：He has a lot of meeting to attend .Please lend me something to write with .He is looking for a room to liveHe is looking for a room to live in .He has no money and no placeto live in .I think the best way to travel by is on foot .There is no time to think about .2主谓关系：She is always the last person to speak at the meeting .----I’m going to the post office , for I have a l etter to post . 逻辑主语是I-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now 逻辑主语不是I7．不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义：1 原因He is lucky to get here on time .这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2 目的He came to help me with my maths .3 结果I hurried to get there only to find him out .The book is too hard for the boy to read .He is old enough to go to school .8 . 不定式作补足语I saw him play in the street just now .能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice 注: 当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to , 如：He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词Learning English is very difficult .学英语非常困难.His job is driving a bus .他的工作是开车.I enjoy dancing .我喜欢跳舞.I have got used to living in the country .我已经习惯了住农村.Take some sleeping tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .吃点安眠药,你很快就会入睡.注意以下几种结构：1．There’s no telling what will happen .=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .= No one can tell what will happen .2．It’s no use talking with him .It’s no good speaking to them like that .3．There’s some difficulty in doing …在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别, forget to do … 忘记要做某事forget doing… 忘记做了某事remember to do…记住要做某事remember doing …记着做了某事mean to do … 有意要做某事mean doing … 意味着做了某事regret to do … 对要做的事表示后悔regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事try to do … 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do … 学着去做某事learn doing … 学会做某事stop to do … 停下来去做另一件事stop doing … 停止做某事go on to do … 接着做另外一件事go on doing … 继续做某事used to do … 过去做某事be used to doing … 习惯做某事2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义现在分词作定语表达 n+whichwho be doing的含义如：a sleeping car = a car for sleepinga running horse = a horse which is running前者是动名词 , 后者是现在分词又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy3．动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式.例如：His coming made us very happy .4．动名词的语态和时态5．动名词主动形式表被动的情况：need doing , want doing , require doing例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷.6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest ,risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,三．分词1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .这个故事有兴趣,我对这个故事感兴趣.2 . This is a moving film .这是一部动人的电影.3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .秘书工作到深夜,为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿.4. Given more tim e , I’ll do it well .如果给我多一点时间,我会做的更好.When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .当他后街时,看到小偷正从银行偷钱.应注意的几个问题：1．现在分词与过去分词的区别Do you know the woman talking to Tom= Do you know the woman who is talking to TomThe soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语The news sounds encouraging .They got very excited .1现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：The news is interesting .He is interested in the news .doing 作表语,主语与表语是主谓关系；done 作表语,主语与表语是动宾关系.2表语与被动式的区别：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .强调动作。

高中英语语法--名词性从句专项讲解及训练

名词性从句名词性从句一．概述：在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。

根据它们在句中的语法作用，这类从句又可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

四．if, whether的区别1.引导主语从句时，如果主语从句放在句首，只能用whether不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.2.引导宾语从句时常放在动词know, ask, care, wonder之后，if和whether均可。

3.在介词后面的宾语从句中，在表语从句、同位语从句中，表“是否”，只能用whether；4.whether和if都可以和or not连用,但是whether 之后可以直接跟or not,而if不可以。

I don’t know whether or not I will stay.（只能用whether）5.在不定式前只能用whether.如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。

五．与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should＋动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。

六．名词性从句以考查引导词为主，同时考查时态，语序，与其它从句的区别以及混同虚拟语气的考查。

一．主语从句1.主语从句定义：在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句。

That he will succeed is certain.Whether wild life can be well protected is of great importance.Who will go makes no different.Which kind of food is the best is still not certain.What is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.Where he hid the money is to be found out.Why dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.2.主语从句引导词按照在句中是否做成分主要分为三类：连词that、whether、if 连接代词、连接副词。

高中英语语法讲解及练习

高中英语语法讲解及练习一、冠词冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂，千头万绪，尤其是惯用法，请同学们平时学习时注意积累。

以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。

一、不定冠词的用法：1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any, 如:A hammer is tool. A steel worker makes steel.2、泛指某人或某物。

A boy is waiting for you. There is a book on your desk.3、表one或every。

We work 8 hours a day. I go home twice a month.4、表示the same 的意思。

Birds of a (= the same) feather flock together; people of a kind come together.5、用在不可数名词前a)（用在物质名词前）一种，一份A large coffee for me. It was a wonderful tea.b)（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前）It was clear daylight now and a fine rain was falling. There is a cold wind this morning.c)（用在抽象名词前）一种That is a great disappointment. It’s a pleasure to work with you.6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。

I saw a Mrs. Smith on the 12th at 2:00. He had a Van Gogh in thedining-room.What a strange London they saw! He’s a living Lei Feng.7、用于某些固定词组中。

a few, a little, a good many, a lot of, all of a sudden, as a rule, have a cold等。

精品-高中英语语法通霸-6.英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案

句子结构及成分① 相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。

如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。

缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb 动词vt. transitiveverb 及物动词vi. intransitiveverb不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliaryverb 助动词adj. adjective 形容词adv. adverb 副词num. numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron . pronoun 代词prep. preposition 介词art . article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。

实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。

The door opened.(open 后面没跟宾语，此时，open 是不及物动词。

)He opened the door.(open 后面有宾语the door, 此时，open 是及物动词。

)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。

有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。

如：The meeting began at six. <vi.> We began the meetingat six. < vt.>有(答疑 qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。

如：The man walked away. (walk 不及物动词，意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk 及物动词，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash 及物动词，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash 不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。

高中英语语法讲解与练习动名词

高中英语语法之动名词定义：动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。

它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。

动名词有时态和语态的变化。

解释：动词的ing形式如果是名词，这个词称动名词。

特征：动词原形+ing构成，具有名词，动词一些特征一、动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

1、作主语Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。

Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。

动名词作主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。

这种用法在习惯句型中常用。

如：It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。

动名词作主语的几种类型动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。

在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。

动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：1. 直接位于句首做主语。

例如：Swimming is a good sport in summer.2. 用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。

动名词做主语时，不太常用it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。

高中语法基础练习题及讲解

高中语法基础练习题及讲解### 高中语法基础练习题及讲解#### 练习题一：冠词的使用题目：1. There is ________ "s" in the word "island."2. ________ Great Wall is a famous landmark in China.答案：1. an2. The讲解：冠词分为不定冠词 "a" 和 "an"，以及定冠词 "the"。

"a" 用于辅音音素开头的单词前，而 "an" 用于元音音素开头的单词前。

"the" 用于特指某个人或物。

在第一个句子中，"s" 发音为 [es]，以元音音素开头，因此使用 "an"。

第二个句子中，"Great Wall" 是特指中国的长城，所以使用定冠词 "the"。

#### 练习题二：时态的使用题目：1. I ________ (finish) my homework when the phone rang.2. By the time you ________ (arrive), the meeting ________ (start).答案：1. had finished2. arrive; will have started讲解：时态表示动作发生的时间。

在第一个句子中，"when" 引导的时间状语从句使用了过去时 "rang"，因此主句的动作发生在从句动作之前，使用过去完成时 "had finished"。

第二个句子中，"By the time" 表示到某个时间点为止，主句使用将来时态 "will have started"，从句则使用一般现在时 "arrive" 来表示将来的动作。

高中语法的精讲精练

高中语法的精讲精练一、名词名词是指用来表示人、事物、动物、地点等具体或抽象事物的词语。

它可以是单数形式（表示一个）或复数形式（表示多个）。

名词还可以有所有格形式，表示某物属于某人或某物。

1. 单数名词单数名词作为主语时，要和动词保持一致。

例如：The cat eats fish. (猫吃鱼)2. 复数名词复数名词作为主语时，动词要加-s或-es。

例如：The cats play in the garden. (猫们在花园里玩耍)3. 所有格名词所有格名词用来表示某物属于某人或某物。

一般来说，在名词后加上's来表示所有格。

例如：This is Mary's book. (这是玛丽的书)二、形容词形容词是用来描述名词的词语，用于修饰并且增强名词的意义。

形容词通常放在名词的前面。

1. 形容词的比较级形容词的比较级用于比较两个事物之间的差异。

一般在形容词后加-er来表示比较级。

例如：This book is cheaper than that one. (这本书比那本书便宜)2. 形容词的最高级形容词的最高级用于比较三个或三个以上事物之间的差异。

一般在形容词前加the最高级前缀或在形容词后加-est来表示最高级。

例如：She is the tallest girl in the class. (她是班级里最高的女孩)三、动词动词是描述动作或状态的词语，它在句子中可以作为谓语动词或者辅助动词。

动词可以根据时态和语态的不同形式来表达不同的意义。

1. 一般现在时一般现在时用于描述经常性的、普遍的或者表达事实的动作或状态。

一般现在时的肯定句结构为主语+动词原形。

例如：She reads books every day. (她每天都读书)2. 一般过去时一般过去时用于描述过去发生的动作或状态。

一般过去时的肯定句结构为主语+动词过去式。

例如：They played football yesterday. (他们昨天踢足球)3. 一般将来时一般将来时用于描述将来某个时间点会发生的动作或状态。

高中英语高考复习语法知识讲解(形容词和形容词类+名词和名词类)

高考英语语法知识讲解一、形容词和形容词类形容词概念：描述或形容人或者事物的词。

形容词功能：在句子中作表语，定语，补语。

1.表语Tom is smart.汤姆很聪明。

（句子中的smart是形容词，作表语）2.定语Tom is a smart boy.汤姆是一个聪明的男孩。

（句子中smart是形容词，作定语）3.补语Leaning math makes him smart.学数学让他变得聪明。

（句子中smart是形容词，作补语，补充宾语him，是宾语补足语。

）This is Tom' house.这是汤姆的房子。

（句子中Tom's是形容词性物主代词，修饰house，是定语）Tom bought the house in the distance.汤姆买了远处那座房子。

（句子中in the distance是介词短语，放在名词house后面，修饰house，是定语）【结论1】名词后面加‘s，变成形容词性物主代词，作用相当于形容词，在句子中作定语。

名词前面加介词，变成介词短语，作用相当于形容词，在句子中作定语，表语等。

He has so much homework to do.他有如此多要做的作业。

（句子中to do是不定式，修饰homework，是定语）This is an interesting book.这是一本很有趣的书。

（句子中interesting是现在分词，修饰book，是定语）Tom is interested in the book.汤姆对这本书很感兴趣。

（句子中interested是过去分词，放在系动词is后面，是表语）【结论2】动词经过变形，改为doing， done, to do 的形式后，可以当形容词用，在句子中充当表语，定语等。

We admire the brave hero.我们崇拜那个勇敢的英雄。

We admire the hero who is brave.我们崇拜那个勇敢的英雄。

高中英语语法句子成分讲解(附练习和答案)课件(共22张PPT)

5种基本句型
主+谓主+谓+直宾主+谓+间宾+直宾主+谓+直宾+宾补主+谓（系）+表
1. Her love died. 2. She loved me. 3. She gave me a kiss. 4. She made me happy. 5. She is lovable.
动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺。
谓语 –说明主语的动作、状态和特征
✓ 必不可少； ✓ 决定句子结构； ✓ 谓语的形式结构-动词
– We study English. – He likes playing the games.
宾语 –动作的承受者
动宾 i like china. （名词） he hates you. （代词） how many do you need? we need two. （数词） we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy wor with you. （动名词） i hope to see you again. （不定式） did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 are you afraid of the snake? 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.
补语 – 补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。
✓ 宾语补足语. ✓ 主语补足语（表语）； ✓ 补足语的形式结构：

【讲解与练习】高中英语语法总结名词性从句

名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses ）。

名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

根据从句在句子中的功能分根据从句的性质分定语从句形容词性从句主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句状语从句副词性从句第一节知识点讲解一．【主语从句】顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。

有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it 代替。

从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。

如:What I saw was beyond any verbal description.That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.Why the company denied the contract is still unknown.When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received.Tips: 主语从句的that 绝对不能省去。

因为句子是不能做主语的，故用that 引导。

若去掉则没有了主语，而宾语从句的that 可省。

主语从句：That he is right is known to all of us.宾语从句：We all know (that) he is right.1. It 作形式主语和it 引导强调句的比较为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it 放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。