考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2000年part4

合集下载

2000年考研英语真题及答案解析

2000年全真试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points) ①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available,a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］other than ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than2.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long before ［D］ever since3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously ［C］presumably ［D］frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the businesscycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］ A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle ［B］restructuring of industry［C］improved business management ［D］success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. ②Few people are as fertile as in the past.③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］ A lack of mates. ［B］ A fierce competition.［C］ A lower survival rate. ［D］ A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live ina world of noise and violence and speed. ②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. ④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. ②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions ［D］accept the principles21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. ③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argue d that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese moralit y of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. ②“In Japan,”says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］ a rival to the West ［D］on the decline24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25. Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way,however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. ⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. ②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. ［431 words］27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］they think of it as immoral［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily ［D］verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number ofinternational projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. B8.D9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111. C 12. D 13.B 14. APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。

2000年考研英语阅读

2000 Passage 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful h andicap, but, if properly handled, it m ay becom e a driving force. When the United Stat es entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a m arketeight tim es larger than any com petitor, giving its industries un paralleled econom ies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the m ost skilled. Am erica and Am ericans were prosperou s beyond the dream s of theEuropean s and Asians whose econ omies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this prim acy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. J ust as inevitably, the retreat from predom in ance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Am ericans had found them selves at a loss over their fading industrial com petitiveness. Som e huge Am erican industries, such as consum er electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign com petition. By 1987 there was only one Am erican television m aker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in J uly.) Foreign-m ade cars and textiles were sweeping into the dom estic m arket. Am erica's m achine-tool industry was on th e ropes. For a while it looked as though the m aking of semiconductors, which Am erica had invent ed and which sat at the heart of the new com puter age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Am ericans stop ped t aking prosperit y for grant ed. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incom es would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of Am erica's industrial decline. Their som etim es sen sation al findings were filled with warnings about the growing com petition from overseas.How things have chang ed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while J apan has been struggling. Few Am ericans attribu te this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "Am erican industry has chang ed its structure, has gon e on a diet, has learnt to be m ore quick-wit ted," according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Governm ent. "It m akes m e proud to be an Am erican just to see how our businesses are im proving their produ ct ivit y," says Stephen Moor e of the Cato Institute, a th in k-tan k in Washington, D.C. And William Sahlm an of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business m anag em ent in the United States."51. The US achieved its predominance after World War Ⅱ because________.[A] it had m ade painst aking efforts towards this goal[B] its dom estic m arket was eight tim es larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of m ost potential com petitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of US predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is m an ifest ed in the fact that the Am erican________.[A] TV industry had withdraw n to its dom estic m arket[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] m achine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its dom estic m arket53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is hum an nature to shift bet ween self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense com petition m ay contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the econom y dep ends on international coop eration.[D] A long history of success m ay pave the way for further developm ent.54. The author seem s to believe the revival of the US economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] rest ru ctu rin g of industry[C] im proved business m anag em ent[D] success in education重点词汇：handicap ♒✌⏹♎♓✌☐（v.阻碍；使不利）←hand+i(n)+cap，据说源自古代一种赌博：将罚金置于帽子里，手进入帽子抽签，抽中者处不利地位。

2000年阅读解析讲解

2000年全真试题Part ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 1一、核心词汇注释at a loss困惑，不知所措例：I’m at a loss what to do next. 我对下一步做什么心里没谱。

casualtyn. 1. ［C］(事故或战斗中的)伤亡人员*2. ［C］（某特定事件或情况造成的）受害者，损坏物例：Small shops have been a casualty of the recession. 小商店在经济萧条中深受其害。

3. ［U］急救室，急诊室fadevi. *1.to gradually disappear逐渐消失例：Her beauty has faded a little. 她的美貌已有点失色。

2. to become weaker physically(身体)变得虚弱（尤指因此导致重病或死亡）vt.&vi.（使）褪色；（使）失去光泽例：The sun had faded the curtains. 太阳把窗帘晒得褪了色。

glowinga. 1.发红光的，白热的2.热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的，例：a glowing account/report热情洋溢的叙述/报道*3.光明的，辉煌的；glow v.发热，发光，发红n.光亮，光辉handicapvt. give or be a disadvantage to sb/sth对（某人、某物）设置不利条件; 被施加不利条件例：be handicapped by a lack of education 因文化水平低而吃亏n.［C］1.（由于受到损坏而产生的身体或智力上的）残障，残疾*2.障碍，不利条件例：Illiteracy is a serious handicap in life. 不能读写是生活中的严重障碍。

3.（比赛或竞赛中加给强手的）不利条件（以示公平）例：She had a handicap of 7 in golf. 她在高尔夫球比赛中让了7杆。

2000年1月cet4阅读理解

2000年1月大学英语四级阅读理解2000年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids (小行星) now, one might crash into Earth and destroy life as we know it, say some scientists.Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteoroids (流星) that race across the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands of asteroids whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth.Buy $50 million worth of new telescopes right now. Then spend $10 million a year for the next 25 years to locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to change its course.Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the cost wouldn’t be cheap.Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk re: 1) How likely the event is; and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to destroy lots of life might strike Earth once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare—but if one did fall, it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,” says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of nuclear weapons sitting around on Earth? “(1)The world has less to fear from doomsday (毁灭性的) rocks than from a great nuclear fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article.21. What does the passage say about asteroids and meteoroids?A) They are heavenly bodies different in composition.B) They are heavenly bodies similar in nature.C) There are more asteroids than meteoroids.D) Asteroids are more mysterious than meteoroids.22. What do scientists say about the collision of an asteroid with Earth?A) It is very unlikely but the danger exists.B) Such a collision might occur once every 25 years.C) Collisions of smaller asteroids with Earth occur more often than expected.D) It’s still too early to say whether such a collision might occur.23. What do people think of the suggestion of using nuclear weapons to alter the courses of asteroids?A) It sounds practical but it may not solve the problem.B) It may create more problems than it might solve.C) It is a waste of money because a collision of asteroids with Earth is very unlikely.D) Further research should be done before it is proved applicable.24. We can conclude from the passage that ________.A) while pushing asteroids off course nuclear weapons would destroy the worldB) asteroids racing across the night sky are likely to hit Earth in the near futureC) the worry about asteroids can be left to future generations since it is unlikely to happen in our lifetimeD) workable solutions still have to be found to prevent a collision of asteroids with Earth25. Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this passage?A) Optimistic.B) Critical.C) Objective.D) Arbitrary.2000年1月大学英语四级阅读理解第1篇【参考译文】有些科学家指出，除非我们现在就斥资查找和阻止小行星，否则会如我们所知，说不定有颗行星将会撞毁地球。

2000年考研英语真题及答案解析

2000年考研英语真题及答案解析导言考研英语是许多研究生考生必须面对的一项科目。

历年的考研英语真题及答案解析对考生来说是非常宝贵的资料。

本文将对2000年的考研英语真题及答案进行解析，帮助考生了解考试要求和解题技巧。

题目1阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）从所给的6个选项中为第2至第6段分别选择正确的标题；(2) 从所给的6个选项中选择恰当的一项作为文章的总标题。

(1)Although watching someone clean might not be youridea of fun, industrial cleaning can be one of the mostfascinating things to watch.(2)So why is industrial cleaning so much moreinteresting than watching someone clean their own house?(3)The answer lies in the fact that industrial cleaning isnot just about cleaning up messes—it’s about cleaning up highly complex messes that pose serious health, safety and environmental risks.(4)Industrial cleaning technicians don’t just glo up thefloor and hope for the best.(5)They use specialized techniques and equipment -often to clean substances that most people only ever read about on warning labels.(6)Industrial cleaning technicians are like thesuperheroes of cleanliness, working behind the scenes to prevent health, safety, and environmental disasters.任务1：选择正确的标题A. The Fascinating Aspects of Industrial CleaningB. The Challenges of Industrial CleaningC. The Special Techniques and Equipment in Industrial CleaningD. The Importance of Industrial CleaningE. The Risks and Rewards of Industrial CleaningF. Industrial Cleaning Technicians as Superheroes答案解析：•第2段主要解释为什么工业清洗更有趣，因此应选择标题A。

2000年考研英语真题及解析

2000年全真试题Part ⅠClose TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus. ④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］other than ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than2.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long before ［D］ever since3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise第 1 页/共74 页6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously ［C］presumably ［D］frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤By 1987there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign -made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.第 3 页/共74 页［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］ A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle ［B］restructuring of industry ［C］improved business management ［D］success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. ②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity fornatural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］ A lack of mates. ［B］ A fierce competition.［C］ A lower survival rate. ［D］ A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?第 5 页/共74 页［A］Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. ②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. ④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. ②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334words］19. This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions ［D］accept the principles21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid第7 页/共74 页social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. ③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese moralit y of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. ②“In Japan,”says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］ a rival to the West ［D］on the decline24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25. Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy第9 页/共74 页in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. ⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. ②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. ［431 words］27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］they think of it as immoral［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily ［D］verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of第11 页/共74 页their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below: 1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures. 3）Suggest counter-measures.第13 页/共74 页2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. B8.D9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111. C 12. D 13.B 14. APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的扩散控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。

2000年考研英语真题解析

［篇章分析］①句为文章主旨句，核心内容是“保持消费和生产之间的差距”。②句承接①句，具体阐述如何保持这个差距：储存大量的粮食。
Байду номын сангаас
［空格设置］ instead of是连接性介词，体现上下文语义上的逻辑关系。instead of表选择关系，意为“代替，作为??的替换，而不是?”，在两种做法中肯定前者，否定后者。如：I will stay at home instead of going out.我将待在家里，不出门。其他连接性介词还包括because of（因为），despite（尽管），besides（除了）等。
1. [A] other than不同于，除了?? [B] as well as也，又（表示附加）
[C] instead of而不是??（表选择） [D] more than比??更多（表比较）
本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。正确率：72%
［快速解题］文章首句的含义是：一个农民要想成功，就必须努力保持其消费和生产之间较大的差距。接着文章提到了两种正好相反的做法，一种是store a large uantity of grain（存储大量的粮食），另一种是consuming all his grain immediately（立即把他所有的粮食都消费完）。显然前一种做法是农民可以成功的做法，因此空格处需要一个词语来否定后面部分，而且其后能跟现在分词。选项中，只有介词短语instead of符合要求，意为“他必须存储大量的粮食而不是立即把所有的粮食都消耗完”。
［篇章分析］②句提到农民必须要储存粮食，③句进一步解释这样做的目的：养活自己及家人。②句的store a large uantity of grain和③句的produces a surplus是近义复现，实现了句子之间的语义衔接。

2000年考研英语真题答案及精析

【红宝书】（请登陆红宝书网站：ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ下载其它考研英语资料）２０００年考研英语真题ＰａｒｔⅠＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＶｏｃａｂｕｌａｒｙ（１～４０略：新大纲不再考查的部分）ＰａｒｔⅡＣｌｏｚｅＴｅｓｔＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｆｏｒｅａｃｈｎｕｍｂｅｒｅｄｂｌａｎｋｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｐａｓｓａｇｅ，ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｏｕｒｃｈｏｉｃｅｓｍａｒｋｅｄＡ，Ｂ，ＣａｎｄＤ．ＣｈｏｏｓｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｏｎｅａｎｄｍａｒｋｙｏｕｒａｎｓｗｅｒｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ１ｂｙｂｌａｃｋｅｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｅｔｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｂｒａｃｋｅｔｓｗｉｔｈａｐｅｎｃｉｌ．（１０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｉｆａｆａｒｍｅｒｗｉｓｈｅｓｔｏｓｕｃｃｅｅｄ，ｈｅｍｕｓｔｔｒｙｔｏｋｅｅｐａｗｉｄｅｇａｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｈｉｓｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎａｎｄｈｉｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ．Ｈｅｍｕｓｔｓｔｏｒｅａｌａｒｇｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙｏｆｇｒａｉｎ　４１　ｃｏｎｓｕｍｉｎｇａｌｌｈｉｓｇｒａｉｎｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙ．Ｈｅｃａｎｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｔｏｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｈｉｍｓｅｌｆａｎｄｈｉｓｆａｍｉｌｙ　４２　ｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓａｓｕｒｐｌｕｓ．Ｈｅｍｕｓｔｕｓｅｔｈｉｓｓｕｒｐｌｕｓｉｎｔｈｒｅｅｗａｙｓ：ａｓｓｅｅｄｆｏｒｓｏｗｉｎｇ，ａｓａｎｉｎｓｕｒａｎｃｅ　４３　ｔｈｅｕｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔａｂｌｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｂａｄｗｅａｔｈｅｒａｎｄａｓａｃｏｍｍｏｄｉｔｙｗｈｉｃｈｈｅｍｕｓｔｓｅｌｌｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏ　４４　ｏｌｄａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｉｍｐｌｅｍｅｎｔｓａｎｄｏｂｔａｉｎｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｆｅｒｔｉｌｉｚｅｒｓｔｏ　４５　ｔｈｅｓｏｉｌ．Ｈｅｍａｙａｌｓｏｎｅｅｄｍｏｎｅｙｔｏｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｒｒｉｇａｔｉｏｎ　４６　ａｎｄｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｈｉｓｆａｒｍｉｎｏｔｈｅｒｗａｙｓ．Ｉｆｎｏｓｕｒｐｌｕｓｉｓａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅ，ａｆａｒｍｅｒｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅ　４７　．Ｈｅｍｕｓｔｅｉｔｈｅｒｓｅｌｌｓｏｍｅｏｆｈｉｓｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙｏｒ　４８　ｅｘｔｒａｆｕｎｄｓｉｎｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｏｆｌｏａｎｓ．Ｎａｔｕｒａｌｌｙｈｅｗｉｌｌｔｒｙｔｏｂｏｒｒｏｗｍｏｎｅｙａｔａｌｏｗ　４９　ｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔ，ｂｕｔｌｏａｎｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｋｉｎｄａｒｅｎｏｔ　５０　ｏｂｔａｉｎａｂｌｅ．４１．Ａ．ｏｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎＢ．ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓＣ．ｉｎｓｔｅａｄｏｆＤ．ｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ４２．Ａ．ｏｎｌｙｉｆＢ．ｍｕｃｈａｓＣ．ｌｏｎｇｂｅｆｏｒｅＤ．ｅｖｅｒｓｉｎｃｅ４３．Ａ．ｆｏｒＢ．ａｇａｉｎｓｔＣ．ｏｆＤ．ｔｏｗａｒｄｓ４４．Ａ．ｒｅｐｌａｃｅＢ．ｐｕｒｃｈａｓｅＣ．ｓｕｐｐｌｅｍｅｎｔＤ．ｄｉｓｐｏｓｅ４５．Ａ．ｅｎｈａｎｃｅＢ．ｍｉｘＣ．ｆｅｅｄＤ．ｒａｉｓｅ４６．Ａ．ｖｅｓｓｅｌｓＢ．ｒｏｕｔｅｓＣ．ｐａｔｈｓＤ．ｃｈａｎｎｅｌｓ４７．Ａ．ｓｅｌｆｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｔＢ．ｓｅｌｆｓｕｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔＣ．ｓｅｌｆｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｄＤ．ｓｅｌｆｒｅｓｔｒａｉｎｅｄ４８．Ａ．ｓｅａｒｃｈＢ．ｓａｖｅＣ．ｏｆｆｅｒＤ．ｓｅｅｋ４９．Ａ．ｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎＢ．ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅＣ．ｒａｔｅＤ．ｒａｔｉｏ５０．Ａ．ｇｅｎｕｉｎｅｌｙＢ．ｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｌｙＣ．ｐｒｅｓｕｍａｂｌｙＤ．ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙＰａｒｔⅢＲｅａｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｂｅｌｏｗｉｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｓｏｍｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．ＦｏｒｅａｃｈｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｏｕｒａｎｓｗｅｒｓｍａｒｋｅｄＡ，Ｂ，ＣａｎｄＤ．Ｒｅａｄｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅｓｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｃｈｏｏｓｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔａｎｓｗｅｒｔｏｅａｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ．ＴｈｅｎｍａｒｋｙｏｕｒａｎｓｗｅｒｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ１ｂｙｂｌａｃｋｅｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｅｔｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅｂｒａｃｋｅｔｓｗｉｔｈａｐｅｎｃｉｌ．（４０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ１Ａｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｌｏｎｇａｎｄｅｆｆｏｒｔｌｅｓｓｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｃａｎｂｅａｄｒｅａｄｆｕｌｈａｎｄｉｃａｐ，ｂｕｔ，ｉｆｐｒｏｐｅｒｌｙｈａｎｄｌｅｄ，ｉｔｍａｙｂｅｃｏｍｅａｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｆｏｒｃｅ．ＷｈｅｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｅｎｔｅｒｅｄｊｕｓｔｓｕｃｈａｇｌｏｗｉｎｇｐｅｒｉｏｄａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｅｎｄｏｆｔｈｅＳｅｃｏｎｄＷｏｒｌｄＷａｒ，ｉｔｈａｄａｍａｒｋｅｔｅｉｇｈｔｔｉｍｅｓｌａｒｇｅｒｔｈａｎａｎｙｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｏｒ，ｇｉｖｉｎｇｉｔｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓｕｎｐａｒａｌｌｅｌｅｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓｏｆｓｃａｌｅ．Ｉｔｓｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｓｂｅｓｔ，ｉｔｓｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｓｋｉｌｌｅｄ．ＡｍｅｒｉｃａａｎｄＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｗｅｒｅｐｒｏｓｐｅｒ１【红宝书】２０００年考研英语真题系统精析ｏｕｓｂｅｙｏｎｄｔｈｅｄｒｅａｍｓｏｆｔｈｅＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｓａｎｄＡｓｉａｎｓｗｈｏｓｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓｔｈｅｗａｒｈａｄｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｅｄ．Ｉｔｗａｓｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｅｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｐｒｉｍａｃｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｎａｒｒｏｗｅｄａｓｏｔｈｅｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｇｒｅｗｒｉｃｈｅｒ．Ｊｕｓｔａｓｉｎｅｖｉｔａｂｌｙ，ｔｈｅｒｅｔｒｅａｔｆｒｏｍｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅｐｒｏｖｅｄｐａｉｎｆｕｌ．Ｂｙｔｈｅｍｉｄ１９８０ｓ，Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｈａｄｆｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓａｔａｌｏｓｓｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｉｒｆａｄｉｎｇｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｖｅｎｅｓｓ．ＳｏｍｅｈｕｇｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉｅｓ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｒｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓ，ｈａｄｓｈｒｕｎｋｏｒｖａｎｉｓｈｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆａｃｅｏｆｆｏｒｅｉｇｎｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ．Ｂｙ１９８７ｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓｏｎｌｙｏｎｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｔｅｌｅｖｉｓｉｏｎｍａｋｅｒｌｅｆｔ，Ｚｅｎｉｔｈ．（Ｎｏｗｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｎｅ：ＺｅｎｉｔｈｗａｓｂｏｕｇｈｔｂｙＳｏｕｔｈＫｏｒｅａｓＬＧＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｎｉｃｓｉｎＪｕｌｙ．）Ｆｏｒｅｉｇｎｍａｄｅｃａｒｓａｎｄｔｅｘｔｉｌｅｓｗｅｒｅｓｗｅｅｐｉｎｇｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｔ．Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｓｍａｃｈｉｎｅｔｏｏｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｗａｓｏｎｔｈｅｒｏｐｅｓ．Ｆｏｒａｗｈｉｌｅｉｔｌｏｏｋｅｄａｓｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｍａｋｉｎｇｏｆｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｓ，ｗｈｉｃｈＡｍｅｒｉｃａｈａｄｉｎｖｅｎｔｅｄａｎｄｗｈｉｃｈｓａｔａｔｔｈｅｈｅａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｎｅｗｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒａｇｅ，ｗａｓｇｏｉｎｇｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｎｅｘｔｃａｓｕａｌｔｙ．Ａｌｌｏｆｔｈｉｓｃａｕｓｅｄａｃｒｉｓｉｓｏｆｃｏｎｆｉｄｅｎｃｅ．Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓｓｔｏｐｐｅｄｔａｋｉｎｇｐｒｏｓｐｅｒｉｔｙｆｏｒｇｒａｎｔｅｄ．Ｔｈｅｙｂｅｇａｎｔｏｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｒｗａｙｏｆｄｏｉｎｇｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｗａｓｆａｉｌｉｎｇ，ａｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｉｒｉｎｃｏｍｅｓｗｏｕｌｄｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅｓｈｏｒｔｌｙｂｅｇｉｎｔｏｆａｌｌａｓｗｅｌｌ．Ｔｈｅｍｉｄ１９８０ｓｂｒｏｕｇｈｔｏｎｅｉｎｑｕｉｒｙａｆｔｅｒａｎｏｔｈｅｒｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅｓｏｆＡｍｅｒｉｃａｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ．Ｔｈｅｉｒｓｏｍｅｔｉｍｅｓｓｅｎｓａｔｉｏｎａｌｆｉｎｄｉｎｇｓｗｅｒｅｆｉｌｌｅｄｗｉｔｈｗａｒｎｉｎｇｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍｏｖｅｒｓｅａｓ．Ｈｏｗｔｈｉｎｇｓｈａｖｅｃｈａｎｇｅｄ！Ｉｎ１９９５ｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓｃａｎｌｏｏｋｂａｃｋｏｎｆｉｖｅｙｅａｒｓｏｆｓｏｌｉｄｇｒｏｗｔｈｗｈｉｌｅＪａｐａｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｓｔｒｕｇｇｌｉｎｇ．ＦｅｗＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｓａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｔｈｉｓｓｏｌｅｌｙｔｏｓｕｃｈｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｃａｕｓｅｓａｓｄｅｖａｌｕｅｄｄｏｌｌａｒｏｒｔｈｅｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｃｙｃｌｅ．Ｓｅｌｆｄｏｕｂｔｈａｓｙｉｅｌｄｅｄｔｏｂｌｉｎｄｐｒｉｄｅ．“Ａｍｅｒｉｃａｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｓｃｈａｎｇｅｄｉｔｓｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅ，ｈａｓｇｏｎｅｏｎａｄｉｅｔ，ｈａｓｌｅａｒｎｔｔｏｂｅｍｏｒｅｑｕｉｃｋｗｉｔｔｅｄ，”ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏＲｉｃｈａｒｄＣａｖａｎａｇｈ，ｅｘｅｃｕｔｉｖｅｄｅａｎｏｆＨａｒｖａｒｄｓＫｅｎｎｅｄｙＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＧｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔ．“ＩｔｍａｋｅｓｍｅｐｒｏｕｄｔｏｂｅａｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｊｕｓｔｔｏｓｅｅｈｏｗｏｕｒｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｅｓａｒｅｉｍｐｒｏｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ．”ｓａｙｓＳｔｅｐｈｅｎＭｏｏｒｅｏｆｔｈｅＣａｔｏＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ａｔｈｉｎｋｔａｎｋｉｎＷａｓｈｉｎｇｔｏｎ，Ｄ．Ｃ．ＡｎｄＷｉｌｌｉａｍＳａｈｌｍａｎｏｆｔｈｅＨａｒｖａｒｄＢｕｓｉｎｅｓｓＳｃｈｏｏｌｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｗｉｌｌｌｏｏｋｂａｃｋｏｎｔｈｉｓｐｅｒｉｏｄａｓ“ａｇｏｌｄｅｎａｇｅｏｆｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ．”５１．ＴｈｅＵ．Ｓ．ａｃｈｉｅｖｅｄｉｔｓｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅａｆｔｅｒＷｏｒｌｄＷａｒⅡｂｅｃａｕｓｅ．［Ａ］ｉｔｈａｄｍａｄｅｐａｉｎｓｔａｋｉｎｇｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｔｏｗａｒｄｓｔｈｉｓｇｏａｌ［Ｂ］ｉｔｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｔｗａｓｅｉｇｈｔｔｉｍｅｓｌａｒｇｅｒｔｈａｎｂｅｆｏｒｅ［Ｃ］ｔｈｅｗａｒｈａｄｄｅｓｔｒｏｙｅｄｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｅｓｏｆｍｏｓｔｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｏｒｓ［Ｄ］ｔｈｅｕｎｐａｒａｌｌｅｌｅｄｓｉｚｅｏｆｉｔｓｗｏｒｋｆｏｒｃｅｈａｄｇｉｖｅｎａｎｉｍｐｅｔｕｓｔｏｉｔｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙ５２．ＴｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆＵ．Ｓ．ｐｒｅｄｏｍｉｎａｎｃｅｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｎｔｈｅ１９８０ｓｉｓｍａｎｉｆｅｓｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔｔｈｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎ．［Ａ］ＴＶｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｄｗｉｔｈｄｒａｗｎｔｏｉｔｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｔ［Ｂ］ｓｅｍｉｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｏｒｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｄｂｅｅｎｔａｋｅｎｏｖｅｒｂｙｆｏｒｅｉｇｎｅｎｔｅｒｐｒｉｓｅｓ［Ｃ］ｍａｃｈｉｎｅｔｏｏｌｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｄｃｏｌｌａｐｓｅｄａｆｔｅｒｓｕｉｃｉｄａｌａｃｔｉｏｎｓ［Ｄ］ａｕｔｏｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｈａｄｌｏｓｔｐａｒｔｏｆｉｔｓｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃｍａｒｋｅｔ５３．Ｗｈａｔｃａｎｂｅｉｎｆｅｒｒｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅ？［Ａ］Ｉｔｉｓｈｕｍａｎｎａｔｕｒｅｔｏｓｈｉｆｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｓｅｌｆｄｏｕｂｔａｎｄｂｌｉｎｄｐｒｉｄｅ．［Ｂ］Ｉｎｔｅｎｓｅｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎｍａｙｃｏｎｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｔｏｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｐｒｏｇｒｅｓｓ．［Ｃ］Ｔｈｅｒｅｖｉｖａｌｏｆｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎ．［Ｄ］Ａｌｏｎｇｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｍａｙｐａｖｅｔｈｅｗａｙｆｏｒｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ．５４．ＴｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｔｈｅｒｅｖｉｖａｌｏｆｔｈｅＵ．Ｓ．ｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｎｔｈｅ１９９０ｓｃａｎｂｅａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅ．［Ａ］ｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｃｙｃｌｅ［Ｂ］ｒｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｉｎｇｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ［Ｃ］ｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ［Ｄ］ｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｉｎｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ２【红宝书】（请登陆红宝书网站：ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ下载其它考研英语资料）Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ２Ｂｅｉｎｇａｍａｎｈａｓａｌｗａｙｓｂｅｅｎｄａｎｇｅｒｏｕｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅａｂｏｕｔ１０５ｍａｌｅｓｂｏｒｎｆｏｒｅｖｅｒｙ１００ｆｅｍａｌｅｓ，ｂｕｔｔｈｉｓｒａｔｉｏｄｒｏｐｓｔｏｎｅａｒｂａｌａｎｃｅａｔｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｍａｔｕｒｉｔｙ，ａｎｄａｍｏｎｇ７０ｙｅａｒｏｌｄｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｔｗｉｃｅａｓｍａｎｙｗｏｍｅｎａｓｍｅｎ．Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｕｎｉｖｅｒｓａｌｏｆｍａｌｅｍｏｒｔａｌｉｔｙｉｓｂｅｉｎｇｃｈａｎｇｅｄ．Ｎｏｗ，ｂｏｙｂａｂｉｅｓｓｕｒｖｉｖｅａｌｍｏｓｔａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｇｉｒｌｓｄｏ．Ｔｈｉｓｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔ，ｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｉｍｅ，ｔｈｅｒｅｗｉｌｌｂｅａｎｅｘｃｅｓｓｏｆｂｏｙｓｉｎｔｈｏｓｅｃｒｕｃｉａｌｙｅａｒｓｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｙａｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｇｆｏｒａｍａｔｅ．Ｍｏｒｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ，ａｎｏｔｈｅｒｃｈａｎｃｅｆｏｒｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｒｅｍｏｖｅｄ．Ｆｉｆｔｙｙｅａｒｓａｇｏ，ｔｈｅｃｈａｎｃｅｏｆａｂａｂｙ（ｐａｒｔｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙａｂｏｙｂａｂｙ）ｓｕｒｖｉｖｉｎｇｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｄｏｎｉｔｓｗｅｉｇｈｔ．Ａｋｉｌｏｇｒａｍｔｏｏｌｉｇｈｔｏｒｔｏｏｈｅａｖｙｍｅａｎｔａｌｍｏｓｔｃｅｒｔａｉｎｄｅａｔｈ．Ｔｏｄａｙｉｔｍａｋｅｓａｌｍｏｓｔｎｏｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ．Ｓｉｎｃｅｍｕｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｕｅｔｏｇｅｎｅｓ，ｏｎｅｍｏｒｅａｇｅｎｔｏｆｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｈａｓｇｏｎｅ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｎｏｔｈｅｒｗａｙｔｏｃｏｍｍｉｔｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙｓｕｉｃｉｄｅ：ｓｔａｙａｌｉｖｅ，ｂｕｔｈａｖｅｆｅｗｅｒｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．Ｆｅｗｐｅｏｐｌｅａｒｅａｓｆｅｒｔｉｌｅａｓｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔ．Ｅｘｃｅｐｔｉｎｓｏｍｅｒｅｌｉｇｉｏｕｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｉｅｓ，ｖｅｒｙｆｅｗｗｏｍｅｎｈａｖｅ１５ｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ．Ｎｏｗａｄａｙｓｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｂｉｒｔｈｓ，ｌｉｋｅｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｄｅａｔｈ，ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｖｅｒａｇｅ．Ｍｏｓｔｏｆｕｓｈａｖｅｒｏｕｇｈｌｙｔｈｅｓａｍｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｏｆｆｓｐｒｉｎｇ．Ａｇａｉｎ，ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｐｅｏｐｌｅａｎｄｔｈｅｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｙｆｏｒｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｔｏｔａｋｅａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｉｔｈａｖｅｄｉｍｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ．Ｉｎｄｉａｓｈｏｗｓｗｈａｔｉｓｈａｐｐｅｎｉｎｇ．Ｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｏｆｆｅｒｓｗｅａｌｔｈｆｏｒａｆｅｗｉｎｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｃｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄｐｏｖｅｒｔｙｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇｔｒｉｂａｌｐｅｏｐｌｅｓ．Ｔｈｅｇｒａｎｄｍｅｄｉｏｃｒｉｔｙｏｆｔｏｄａｙ—ｅｖｅｒｙｏｎｅｂｅｉｎｇｔｈｅｓａｍｅｉｎｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌａｎｄｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｏｆｆｓｐｒｉｎｇ—ｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｈａｓｌｏｓｔ８０％ｏｆｉｔｓｐｏｗｅｒｉｎｕｐｐｅｒｍｉｄｄｌｅｃｌａｓｓＩｎｄｉａｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｔｒｉｂｅｓ．Ｆｏｒｕｓ，ｔｈｉｓｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｖｅｒ；ｔｈｅｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＵｔｏｐｉａｈａｓａｒｒｉｖｅｄ．Ｓｔｒａｎｇｅｌｙ，ｉｔｈａｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｌｉｔｔｌｅｐｈｙｓｉｃａｌｃｈａｎｇｅ．Ｎｏｏｔｈｅｒｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｆｉｌｌｓｓｏｍａｎｙｐｌａｃｅｓｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅ．Ｂｕｔｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔ１００，０００ｙｅａｒｓ—ｅｖｅｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔ１００ｙｅａｒｓ—ｏｕｒｌｉｖｅｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｒａｎｓｆｏｒｍｅｄｂｕｔｏｕｒｂｏｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｎｏｔ．Ｗｅｄｉｄｎｏｔｅｖｏｌｖｅ，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｍａｃｈｉｎｅｓａｎｄｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｄｉｄｉｔｆｏｒｕｓ．Ｄａｒｗｉｎｈａｄａｐｈｒａｓｅｔｏｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｏｓｅｉｇｎｏｒａｎｔｏｆｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ：ｔｈｅｙ“ｌｏｏｋａｔａｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃｂｅｉｎｇａｓａｓａｖａｇｅｌｏｏｋｓａｔａｓｈｉｐ，ａｓａｔｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇｗｈｏｌｌｙｂｅｙｏｎｄｈｉｓｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎ．”Ｎｏｄｏｕｂｔｗｅｗｉｌｌｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒａ２０ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙｗａｙｏｆｌｉｆｅｂｅｙｏｎｄｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎｆｏｒｉｔｓｕｇｌｉｎｅｓｓ．ＢｕｔｈｏｗｅｖｅｒａｍａｚｅｄｏｕｒｄｅｓｃｅｎｄａｎｔｓｍａｙｂｅａｔｈｏｗｆａｒｆｒｏｍＵｔｏｐｉａｗｅｗｅｒｅ，ｔｈｅｙｗｉｌｌｌｏｏｋｊｕｓｔｌｉｋｅｕｓ．５５．Ｗｈａｔｕｓｅｄｔｏｂｅｔｈｅｄａｎｇｅｒｉｎｂｅｉｎｇａｍａｎａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ？［Ａ］Ａｌａｃｋｏｆｍａｔｅｓ．［Ｂ］Ａｆｉｅｒｃｅｃｏｍｐｅｔｉｔｉｏｎ．［Ｃ］Ａｌｏｗｅｒｓｕｒｖｉｖａｌｒａｔｅ．［Ｄ］Ａｄｅｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｇｅｎｅ．５６．ＷｈａｔｄｏｅｓｔｈｅｅｘａｍｐｌｅｏｆＩｎｄｉａｉｌｌｕｓｔｒａｔｅ？［Ａ］Ｗｅａｌｔｈｙｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｅｎｄｔｏｈａｖｅｆｅｗｅｒｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎｔｈａｎｐｏｏｒｐｅｏｐｌｅ．［Ｂ］Ｎａｔｕｒａｌｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｈａｒｄｌｙｗｏｒｋｓａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｒｉｃｈａｎｄｔｈｅｐｏｏｒ．［Ｃ］Ｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｃｌａｓｓｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｓ８０％ｓｍａｌｌｅｒｔｈａｎｔｈａｔｏｆｔｒｉｂｅｓ．［Ｄ］Ｉｎｄｉａｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｗｉｔｈａｖｅｒｙｈｉｇｈｂｉｒｔｈｒａｔｅ．５７．Ｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒａｒｇｕｅｓｔｈａｔｏｕｒｂｏｄｉｅｓｈａｖｅｓｔｏｐｐｅｄｅｖｏｌｖｉｎｇｂｅｃａｕｓｅ．［Ａ］ｌｉｆｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｄｂｙｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｄｖａｎｃｅ［Ｂ］ｔｈｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｆｅｍａｌｅｂａｂｉｅｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｅｃｌｉｎｉｎｇ［Ｃ］ｏｕｒｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｈａｓｒｅａｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｅｓｔｓｔａｇｅｏｆｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ［Ｄ］ｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｗｅａｌｔｈａｎｄｐｏｖｅｒｔｙｉｓｄｉｓａｐｐｅａｒｉｎｇ５８．Ｗｈｉｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｗｏｕｌｄｂｅｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｔｉｔｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｐａｓｓａｇｅ？［Ａ］ＳｅｘＲａｔｉｏＣｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎＨｕｍａｎＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ［Ｂ］ＷａｙｓｏｆＣｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｎｇＭａｎｓＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ［Ｃ］ＴｈｅＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙＦｕｔｕｒｅｏｆＮａｔｕｒｅ［Ｄ］ＨｕｍａｎＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＧｏｉｎｇＮｏｗｈｅｒｅ３【红宝书】２０００年考研英语真题系统精析Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ３Ｗｈｅｎａｎｅｗｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｎａｒｔａｔｔａｉｎｓａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｆａｓｈｉｏｎ，ｉｔｉｓａｄｖｉｓａｂｌｅｔｏｆｉｎｄｏｕｔｗｈａｔｉｔｓａｄｖｏｃａｔｅｓａｒｅａｉｍｉｎｇａｔ，ｆｏｒ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒｆａｒｆｅｔｃｈｅｄａｎｄｕｎｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅｔｈｅｉｒｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓｍａｙｓｅｅｍｔｏｄａｙ，ｉｔｉｓｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｅｔｈａｔｉｎｙｅａｒｓｔｏｃｏｍｅｔｈｅｙｍａｙｂｅｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓｎｏｒｍａｌ．ＷｉｔｈｒｅｇａｒｄｔｏＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｔｈｅｃａｓｅｉｓｒａｔｈｅｒｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔ，ｆｏｒｗｈａｔｅｖｅｒＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙｍａｙｂｅ———ｅｖｅｎａｄｍｉｔｔｉｎｇｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｎｗｈｉｃｈｉｔｉｓｂａｓｅｄｍａｙｂｅｒｉｇｈｔ———ｉｔｃａｎｈａｒｄｌｙｂｅｃｌａｓｓｅｄａｓＬｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ．Ｔｈｉｓ，ｉｎｂｒｉｅｆ，ｉｓｗｈａｔｔｈｅＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｓａｙｓ：ｆｏｒａｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ｐａｓｔｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｌｉｆｅｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｌｙｓｐｅｅｄｉｎｇｕｐ，ｔｉｌｌｎｏｗｗｅｌｉｖｅｉｎａｗｏｒｌｄｏｆｎｏｉｓｅａｎｄｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅａｎｄｓｐｅｅｄ．Ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙ，ｏｕｒｆｅｅｌｉｎｇｓ，ｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｓ，ａｎｄｅｍｏｔｉｏｎｓｈａｖｅｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｎｅａｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｃｈａｎｇｅ．Ｔｈｉｓｓｐｅｅｄｉｎｇｕｐｏｆｌｉｆｅ，ｓａｙｓｔｈｅＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔ，ｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓａｎｅｗｆｏｒｍｏｆｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．Ｗｅｍｕｓｔｓｐｅｅｄｕｐｏｕｒｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅｔｏｏ，ｉｆｗｅｗａｎｔｔｏｉｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔｍｏｄｅｒｎｓｔｒｅｓｓ．Ｗｅｍｕｓｔｐｏｕｒｏｕｔａｌａｒｇｅｓｔｒｅａｍｏｆｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｗｏｒｄｓ，ｕｎｈａｍｐｅｒｅｄｂｙｓｔｏｐｓ，ｏｒｑｕａｌｉｆｙｉｎｇａｄｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｓ，ｏｒｆｉｎｉｔｅｖｅｒｂｓ．Ｉｎｓｔｅａｄｏｆｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｉｎｇｓｏｕｎｄｓｗｅｍｕｓｔｍａｋｅｕｐｗｏｒｄｓｔｈａｔｉｍｉｔａｔｅｔｈｅｍ；ｗｅｍｕｓｔｕｓｅｍａｎｙｓｉｚｅｓｏｆｔｙｐｅａｎｄｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｃｏｌｏｒｅｄｉｎｋｓｏｎｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐａｇｅ，ａｎｄｓｈｏｒｔｅｎｏｒｌｅｎｇｔｈｅｎｗｏｒｄｓａｔｗｉｌｌ．Ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙｔｈｅｉｒｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｓｏｆｂａｔｔｌｅｓａｒｅｃｏｎｆｕｓｅｄ．ＢｕｔｉｔｉｓａｌｉｔｔｌｅｕｐｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｔｏｒｅａｄｉｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｌａｎａｔｏｒｙｎｏｔｅｓｔｈａｔａｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｉｎｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓａｆｉｇｈｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎａＴｕｒｋｉｓｈａｎｄａＢｕｌｇａｒｉａｎｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｏｎａｂｒｉｄｇｅｏｆｆｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｙｂｏｔｈｆａｌｌｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｒｉｖｅｒ—ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｏｆｉｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｉｎｅｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｎｏｉｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｆａｌｌｉｎｇａｎｄｔｈｅｗｅｉｇｈｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓ：“Ｐｌｕｆｆ！Ｐｌｕｆｆ！Ａｈｕｎｄｒｅｄａｎｄｅｉｇｈｔｙｆｉｖｅｋｉｌｏｇｒａｍｓ．”Ｔｈｉｓ，ｔｈｏｕｇｈｉｔｆｕｌｆｉｌｌｓｔｈｅｌａｗｓａｎｄｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙ，ｃａｎｈａｒｄｌｙｂｅｃｌａｓｓｅｄａｓＬｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ．Ａｌｌｔｈｅｓａｍｅ，ｎｏｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇｍａｎｃａｎｒｅｆｕｓｅｔｏａｃｃｅｐｔｔｈｅｉｒｆｉｒｓｔｐｒｏｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎ：ｔｈａｔａｇｒｅａｔｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎｏｕｒｅｍｏｔｉｏｎａｌｌｉｆｅｃａｌｌｓｆｏｒａｃｈａｎｇｅｏｆｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｉｓｒｅａｌｌｙｔｈｉｓ：ｈａｖｅｗｅｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙｃｈａｎｇｅｄ？５９．Ｔｈｉｓｐａｓｓａｇｅｉｓｍａｉｎｌｙ．［Ａ］ａｓｕｒｖｅｙｏｆｎｅｗａｐｐｒｏａｃｈｅｓｔｏａｒｔ［Ｂ］ａｒｅｖｉｅｗｏｆＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙ［Ｃ］ａｂｏｕｔｍｅｒｉｔｓｏｆｔｈｅＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔ［Ｄ］ａｂｏｕｔｌａｗｓａｎｄｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ６０．Ｗｈｅｎａｎｏｖｅｌｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｉｄｅａａｐｐｅａｒｓ，ｐｅｏｐｌｅｓｈｏｕｌｄｔｒｙｔｏ．［Ａ］ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｉｔｓｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓ［Ｂ］ｉｇｎｏｒｅｉｔｓｆｌａｗｓ［Ｃ］ｆｏｌｌｏｗｔｈｅｎｅｗｆａｓｈｉｏｎｓ［Ｄ］ａｃｃｅｐｔｔｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ６１．Ｆｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｓｃｌａｉｍｔｈａｔｗｅｍｕｓｔ．［Ａ］ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ［Ｂ］ｕｓｅｐｏｅｔｒｙｔｏｒｅｌｉｅｖｅｍｏｄｅｒｎｓｔｒｅｓｓ［Ｃ］ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｎｅｗｍｏｄｅｓｏｆｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ［Ｄ］ａｖｏｉｄｕｓｉｎｇａｄｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｓａｎｄｖｅｒｂｓ６２．ＴｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔＦｕｔｕｒｉｓｔｐｏｅｔｒｙｉｓ．［Ａ］ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｒｅａｓｏｎａｂｌｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓ［Ｂ］ｎｅｗａｎｄａｃｃｅｐｔａｂｌｅｔｏｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙｐｅｏｐｌｅ［Ｃ］ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｖｅｏｆａｂａｓｉｃｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎｈｕｍａｎｎａｔｕｒｅ［Ｄ］ｍｏｒｅｏｆａｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎｏｎｔｈａｎｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅ４【红宝书】（请登陆红宝书网站：ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ下载其它考研英语资料）Ｐａｓｓａｇｅ４ＡｉｍｌｅｓｓｎｅｓｓｈａｓｈａｒｄｌｙｂｅｅｎｔｙｐｉｃａｌｏｆｔｈｅｐｏｓｔｗａｒＪａｐａｎｗｈｏｓｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｈａｒｍｏｎｙａｒｅｔｈｅｅｎｖｙｏｆｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓａｎｄＥｕｒｏｐｅ．ＢｕｔｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｔｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅａｒｅｓｅｅｉｎｇａｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｗｏｒｋｍｏｒａｌｖａｌｕｅｓ．Ｔｅｎｙｅａｒｓａｇｏｙｏｕｎｇｐｅｏｐｌｅｗｅｒｅｈａｒｄｗｏｒｋｉｎｇａｎｄｓａｗｔｈｅｉｒｊｏｂｓａｓｔｈｅｉｒｐｒｉｍａｒｙｒｅａｓｏｎｆｏｒｂｅｉｎｇ，ｂｕｔｎｏｗＪａｐａｎｈａｓｌａｒｇｅｌｙｆｕｌｆｉｌｌｅｄｉｔｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｎｅｅｄｓ，ａｎｄｙｏｕｎｇｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｏｎｔｋｎｏｗｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｇｏｎｅｘｔ．ＴｈｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｏｆａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｏｓｔｗａｒｂａｂｙｂｏｏｍａｎｄａｎｅｎｔｒｙｏｆｗｏｍｅｎｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｍａｌｅｄｏｍｉｎａｔｅｄｊｏｂｍａｒｋｅｔｈａｖｅｌｉｍｉｔｅｄｔｈｅｏｐｐｏｒｔｕｎｉｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｅｅｎａｇｅｒｓｗｈｏａｒｅａｌｒｅａｄｙｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｉｎｇｔｈｅｈｅａｖｙｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｓａｃｒｉｆｉｃｅｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｃｌｉｍｂｉｎｇＪａｐａｎｓｒｉｇｉｄｓｏｃｉａｌｌａｄｄｅｒｔｏｇｏｏｄｓｃｈｏｏｌｓａｎｄｊｏｂｓ．Ｉｎａｒｅｃｅｎｔｓｕｒｖｅｙ，ｉｔｗａｓｆｏｕｎｄｔｈａｔｏｎｌｙ２４．５ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓｗｅｒｅｆｕｌｌｙｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｄｗｉｔｈｓｃｈｏｏｌｌｉｆｅ，ｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈ６７．２ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ．Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ，ｆａｒｍｏｒｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｗｏｒｋｅｒｓｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｄｉｓｓａｔｉｓｆａｃｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｒｊｏｂｓｔｈａｎｄｉｄｔｈｅｉｒｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｐａｒｔｓｉｎｔｈｅ１０ｏｔｈｅｒｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｓｕｒｖｅｙｅｄ．Ｗｈｉｌｅｏｆｔｅｎｐｒａｉｓｅｄｂｙｆｏｒｅｉｇｎｅｒｓｆｏｒｉｔｓｅｍｐｈａｓｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃｓ，Ｊａｐａｎｅｓｅｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｔｅｎｄｓｔｏｓｔｒｅｓｓｔｅｓｔｔａｋｉｎｇａｎｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇｏｖｅｒｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙａｎｄｓｅｌｆｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ．“Ｔｈｏｓｅｔｈｉｎｇｓｔｈａｔｄｏｎｏｔｓｈｏｗｕｐｉｎｔｈｅｔｅｓｔｓｃｏｒｅｓ—ｐｅｒｓｏｎａｌｉｔｙ，ａｂｉｌｉｔｙ，ｃｏｕｒａｇｅｏｒｈｕｍａｎｉｔｙ—ａｒｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｌｙｉｇｎｏｒｅｄ，”ｓａｙｓＴｏｓｈｉｋｉＫａｉｆｕ，ｃｈａｉｒｍａｎｏｆｔｈｅｒｕｌｉｎｇＬｉｂｅｒａｌＤｅｍｏｃｒａｔｉｃＰａｒｔｙｓｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｃｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅ．“Ｆｒｕｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎａｇａｉｎｓｔｔｈｉｓｋｉｎｄｏｆｔｈｉｎｇｌｅａｄｓｋｉｄｓｔｏｄｒｏｐｏｕｔａｎｄｒｕｎｗｉｌｄ．”ＬａｓｔｙｅａｒＪａｐａｎｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄ２，１２５ｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｔｓｏｆｓｃｈｏｏｌｖｉｏｌｅｎｃｅ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ９２９ａｓｓａｕｌｔｓｏｎｔｅａｃｈｅｒｓ．Ａｍｉｄｔｈｅｏｕｔｃｒｙ，ｍａｎｙｃｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｖｅｌｅａｄｅｒｓａｒｅｓｅｅｋｉｎｇａｒｅｔｕｒｎｔｏｔｈｅｐｒｅｗａｒｅｍｐｈａｓｉｓｏｎｍｏｒａｌｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ．ＬａｓｔｙｅａｒＭｉｔｓｕｏＳｅｔｏｙａｍａ，ｗｈｏｗａｓｔｈｅｎｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｍｉｎｉｓｔｅｒ，ｒａｉｓｅｄｅｙｅｂｒｏｗｓｗｈｅｎｈｅａｒｇｕｅｄｔｈａｔｌｉｂｅｒａｌｒｅｆｏｒｍｓｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｏｃｃｕｐａｔｉｏｎａｕｔｈｏｒｉｔｉｅｓａｆｔｅｒＷｏｒｌｄＷａｒⅡｈａｄｗｅａｋｅｎｅｄｔｈｅ“Ｊａｐａｎｅｓｅｍｏｒａｌｉｔｙｏｆｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｆｏｒｐａｒｅｎｔｓ”．ＢｕｔｔｈａｔｍａｙｈａｖｅｍｏｒｅｔｏｄｏｗｉｔｈＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｌｉｆｅｓｔｙｌｅｓ．“ＩｎＪａｐａｎ，”ｓａｙｓｅｄｕｃａｔｏｒＹｏｋｏＭｕｒｏ，“ｉｔｓｎｅｖｅｒａｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｈｅｔｈｅｒｙｏｕｅｎｊｏｙｙｏｕｒｊｏｂａｎｄｙｏｕｒｌｉｆｅ，ｂｕｔｏｎｌｙｈｏｗｍｕｃｈｙｏｕｃａｎｅｎｄｕｒｅ．”Ｗｉｔｈｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｇｒｏｗｔｈｈａｓｃｏｍｅｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ；ｆｕｌｌｙ７６ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔｏｆＪａｐａｎｓ１１９ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｃｉｔｉｚｅｎｓｌｉｖｅｉｎｃｉｔｉｅｓｗｈｅｒｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙａｎｄｔｈｅｅｘｔｅｎｄｅｄｆａｍｉｌｙｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎａｂａｎｄｏｎｅｄｉｎｆａｖｏｒｏｆｉｓｏｌａｔｅｄ，ｔｗｏｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｓ．ＵｒｂａｎＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｈａｖｅｌｏｎｇｅｎｄｕｒｅｄｌｅｎｇｔｈｙｃｏｍｍｕｔｅｓ（ｔｒａｖｅｌｓｔｏａｎｄｆｒｏｍｗｏｒｋ）ａｎｄｃｒｏｗｄｅｄｌｉｖｉｎｇｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ｂｕｔａｓｔｈｅｏｌｄｇｒｏｕｐａｎｄｆａｍｉｌｙｖａｌｕｅｓｗｅａｋｅｎ，ｔｈｅｄｉｓｃｏｍｆｏｒｔｉｓｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｔｏｔｅｌｌ．Ｉｎｔｈｅｐａｓｔｄｅｃａｄｅ，ｔｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｄｉｖｏｒｃｅｒａｔｅ，ｗｈｉｌｅｓｔｉｌｌｗｅｌｌｂｅｌｏｗｔｈａｔｏｆｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ，ｈａｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｂｙｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ５０ｐｅｒｃｅｎｔ，ａｎｄｓｕｉｃｉｄｅｓｈａｖｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｂｙｎｅａｒｌｙｏｎｅｑｕａｒｔｅｒ．６３．ＩｎｔｈｅＷｅｓｔｅｒｎｅｒｓｅｙｅｓ，ｔｈｅｐｏｓｔｗａｒＪａｐａｎｗａｓ．［Ａ］ｕｎｄｅｒａｉｍｌｅｓｓｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ［Ｂ］ａｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅｅｘａｍｐｌｅ［Ｃ］ａｒｉｖａｌｔｏｔｈｅＷｅｓｔ［Ｄ］ｏｎｔｈｅｄｅｃｌｉｎｅ６４．Ａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒ，ｗｈａｔｍａｙｃｈｉｅｆｌｙｂｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｌｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｍｏｒａｌｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｏｆＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ？［Ａ］Ｗｏｍｅｎｓｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｉｏｎｉｎｓｏｃｉａｌａｃｔｉｖｉｔｉｅｓｉｓｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ．［Ｂ］Ｍｏｒｅｗｏｒｋｅｒｓａｒｅｄｉｓｓａｔｉｓｆｉｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｒｊｏｂｓ．［Ｃ］Ｅｘｃｅｓｓｉｖｅｅｍｐｈａｓｉｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｐｌａｃｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｂａｓｉｃｓ．［Ｄ］ＴｈｅｌｉｆｅｓｔｙｌｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｄｂｙＷｅｓｔｅｒｎｖａｌｕｅｓ．６５．Ｗｈｉｃｈｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｉｓｔｒｕｅａｃｃｏｒｄｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅａｕｔｈｏｒ？［Ａ］Ｊａｐａｎｅｓｅｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｐｒａｉｓｅｄｆｏｒｈｅｌｐｉｎｇｔｈｅｙｏｕｎｇｃｌｉｍｂｔｈｅｓｏｃｉａｌｌａｄｄｅｒ．［Ｂ］Ｊａｐａｎｅｓｅｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｉｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙｍｅｃｈａｎｉｃａｌｌｅａｒｎｉｎｇａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ．［Ｃ］Ｍｏｒｅｓｔｒｅｓｓｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｐｌａｃｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｃｕｌｔｉｖａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ．［Ｄ］Ｄｒｏｐｐｉｎｇｏｕｔｌｅａｄｓｔｏｆｒｕｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎａｇａｉｎｓｔｔｅｓｔｔａｋｉｎｇ．５【红宝书】２０００年考研英语真题系统精析６６．ＴｈｅｃｈａｎｇｅｉｎＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｌｉｆｅｓｔｙｌｅｉｓｒｅｖｅａｌｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆａｃｔｔｈａｔ．［Ａ］ｔｈｅｙｏｕｎｇａｒｅｌｅｓｓｔｏｌｅｒａｎｔｏｆｄｉｓｃｏｍｆｏｒｔｓｉｎｌｉｆｅ［Ｂ］ｔｈｅｄｉｖｏｒｃｅｒａｔｅｉｎＪａｐａｎｅｘｃｅｅｄｓｔｈａｔｉｎｔｈｅＵ．Ｓ．［Ｃ］ｔｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅｅｎｄｕｒｅｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｅｖｅｒｂｅｆｏｒｅ［Ｄ］ｔｈｅＪａｐａｎｅｓｅａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｅｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｌｉｆｅＰａｓｓａｇｅ５Ｉｆａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｏｂｅｗｅｌｌｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄ，ｔｈｅｒｅｗａｒｄｓｏｆａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎ—ｗｅａｌｔｈ，ｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ，ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｖｅｒｏｎｅｓｄｅｓｔｉｎｙ—ｍｕｓｔｂｅｄｅｅｍｅｄｗｏｒｔｈｙｏｆｔｈｅｓａｃｒｉｆｉｃｅｓｍａｄｅｏｎａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｓｂｅｈａｌｆ．Ｉｆｔｈｅｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎｏｆａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｔｏｈａｖｅｖｉｔａｌｉｔｙ，ｉｔｍｕｓｔｂｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｓｈａｒｅｄ；ａｎｄｉｔｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｍｕｓｔｂｅｈｉｇｈｌｙｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄｂｙｐｅｏｐｌｅｗｈｏａｒｅｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓａｄｍｉｒｅｄ，ｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｎｏｔｌｅａｓｔａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍ．Ｉｎａｎｏｄｄｗａｙ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｉｔｉｓｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｗｈｏｈａｖｅｃｌａｉｍｅｄｔｏｈａｖｅｇｉｖｅｎｕｐａｎａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎａｓａｎｉｄｅａｌ．Ｗｈａｔｉｓｏｄｄｉｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｙｈａｖｅｐｅｒｈａｐｓｍｏｓｔｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｅｄｆｒｏｍａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎ—ｉｆｎｏｔａｌｗａｙｓｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｔｈｅｎｔｈａｔｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｐａｒｅｎｔｓａｎｄｇｒａｎｄｐａｒｅｎｔｓ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓａｈｅａｖｙｎｏｔｅｏｆｈｙｐｏｃｒｉｓｙｉｎｔｈｉｓ，ａｃａｓｅｏｆｃｌｏｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｂａｒｎｄｏｏｒａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｈｏｒｓｅｓｈａｖｅｅｓｃａｐｅｄ—ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓｒｉｄｉｎｇｏｎｔｈｅｍ．Ｃｅｒｔａｉｎｌｙｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｏｎｏｔｓｅｅｍｌｅｓｓｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｅｄｉｎｓｕｃｃｅｓｓａｎｄｉｔｓｓｉｇｎｓｎｏｗｔｈａｎｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｙ．Ｓｕｍｍｅｒｈｏｍｅｓ，Ｅｕｒｏｐｅａｎｔｒａｖｅｌ，ＢＭＷｓ—ｔｈｅｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｐｌａｃｅｎａｍｅｓａｎｄｎａｍｅｂｒａｎｄｓｍａｙｃｈａｎｇｅ，ｂｕｔｓｕｃｈｉｔｅｍｓｄｏｎｏｔｓｅｅｍｌｅｓｓｉｎｄｅｍａｎｄｔｏｄａｙｔｈａｎａｄｅｃａｄｅｏｒｔｗｏｙｅａｒｓａｇｏ．Ｗｈａｔｈａｓｈａｐｐｅｎｅｄｉｓｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｃａｎｎｏｔｃｏｎｆｅｓｓｆｕｌｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｉｒｄｒｅａｍｓ，ａｓｅａｓｉｌｙａｎｄｏｐｅｎｌｙａｓｏｎｃｅｔｈｅｙｃｏｕｌｄ，ｌｅｓｔｔｈｅｙｂｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｐｕｓｈｉｎｇ，ａｃｑｕｉｓｉｔｉｖｅａｎｄｖｕｌｇａｒ．Ｉｎｓｔｅａｄ，ｗｅａｒｅｔｒｅａｔｅｄｔｏｆｉｎｅｈｙｐｏｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｓｐｅｃｔａｃｌｅｓ，ｗｈｉｃｈｎｏｗｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎｅｖｅｒｓｅｅｍｉｎａｍｐｌｅｓｕｐｐｌｙ：ｔｈｅｃｒｉｔｉｃｏｆＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｓｍｗｉｔｈａＳｏｕｔｈａｍｐｔｏｎｓｕｍｍｅｒｈｏｍｅ；ｔｈｅｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｒｏｆｒａｄｉｃａｌｂｏｏｋｓｗｈｏｔａｋｅｓｈｉｓｍｅａｌｓｉｎｔｈｒｅｅｓｔａｒｒｅｓｔａｕｒａｎｔｓ；ｔｈｅｊｏｕｒｎａｌｉｓｔａｄｖｏｃａｔｉｎｇｐａｒｔｉｃｉｐａｔｏｒｙｄｅｍｏｃｒａｃｙｉｎａｌｌｐｈａｓｅｓｏｆｌｉｆｅ，ｗｈｏｓｅｏｗｎｃｈｉｌｄｒｅｎａｒｅｅｎｒｏｌｌｅｄｉｎｐｒｉｖａｔｅｓｃｈｏｏｌｓ．Ｆｏｒｓｕｃｈｐｅｏｐｌｅａｎｄｍａｎｙｍｏｒｅｐｅｒｈａｐｓｎｏｔｓｏｅｘｃｅｐｔｉｏｎａｌ，ｔｈｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｆｏｒｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｉｓ，“Ｓｕｃｃｅｅｄａｔａｌｌｃｏｓｔｓｂｕｔａｖｏｉｄａｐｐｅａｒｉｎｇａｍｂｉｔｉｏｕｓ”．Ｔｈｅａｔｔａｃｋｓｏｎａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎａｒｅｍａｎｙａｎｄｃｏｍｅｆｒｏｍｖａｒｉｏｕｓａｎｇｌｅｓ；ｉｔｓｐｕｂｌｉｃｄｅｆｅｎｄｅｒｓａｒｅｆｅｗａｎｄｕｎｉｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｖｅ，ｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅｙａｒｅｎｏｔｅｘｔｒｅｍｅｌｙｕｎａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｖｅ．Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔ，ｔｈｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｆｏｒａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎａｓａｈｅａｌｔｈｙｉｍｐｕｌｓｅ，ａｑｕａｌｉｔｙｔｏｂｅａｄｍｉｒｅｄａｎｄｆｉｘｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｎｄｏｆｔｈｅｙｏｕｎｇ，ｉｓｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｌｏｗｅｒｔｈａｎｉｔｈａｓｅｖｅｒｂｅｅｎｉｎｔｈｅＵｎｉｔｅｄＳｔａｔｅｓ．Ｔｈｉｓｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｍｅａｎｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓａｔａｎｅｎｄ，ｔｈａｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｎｏｌｏｎｇｅｒｆｅｅｌｉｔｓｓｔｉｒｒｉｎｇｓａｎｄｐｒｏｍｐｔｉｎｇｓ，ｂｕｔｏｎｌｙｔｈａｔ，ｎｏｌｏｎｇｅｒｏｐｅｎｌｙｈｏｎｏｒｅｄ，ｉｔｉｓｌｅｓｓｏｐｅｎｌｙｐｒｏｆｅｓｓｅｄ．Ｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｆｒｏｍｔｈｉｓ，ｏｆｃｏｕｒｓｅ，ｓｏｍｅｏｆｗｈｉｃｈａｒｅｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｒｉｖｅｎｕｎｄｅｒｇｒｏｕｎｄ，ｏｒｍａｄｅｓｌｙ．Ｓｕｃｈ，ｔｈｅｎ，ｉｓｔｈｅｗａｙｔｈｉｎｇｓｓｔａｎｄ：ｏｎｔｈｅｌｅｆｔａｎｇｒｙｃｒｉｔｉｃｓ，ｏｎｔｈｅｒｉｇｈｔｓｔｕｐｉｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｒｓ，ａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅ，ａｓｕｓｕａｌ，ｔｈｅｍａｊｏｒｉｔｙｏｆｅａｒｎｅｓｔｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｒｙｉｎｇｔｏｇｅｔｏｎｉｎｌｉｆｅ．６７．Ｉｔｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｄｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｍａｙｂｅｗｅｌｌｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄｉｆ．［Ａ］ｉｔｓｒｅｔｕｒｎｓｗｅｌｌｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｓａｃｒｉｆｉｃｅｓ［Ｂ］ｉｔｉｓｒｅｗａｒｄｅｄｗｉｔｈｍｏｎｅｙ，ｆａｍｅａｎｄｐｏｗｅｒ［Ｃ］ｉｔｓｇｏａｌｓａｒｅｓｐｉｒｉｔｕａｌｒａｔｈｅｒｔｈａｎｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ［Ｄ］ｉｔｉｓｓｈａｒｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｒｉｃｈａｎｄｔｈｅｆａｍｏｕｓ６８．Ｔｈｅｌａｓｔｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｍｏｓｔｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｉｍｐｌｉｅｓｔｈａｔｉｔｉｓ．［Ａ］ｃｕｓｔｏｍａｒｙｏｆｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｔｏｄｉｓｃａｒｄａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｗｏｒｄｓ［Ｂ］ｔｏｏｌａｔｅｔｏｃｈｅｃｋａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｏｎｃｅｉｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｌｅｔｏｕｔ［Ｃ］ｄｉｓｈｏｎｅｓｔｔｏｄｅｎｙａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅｆｕｌｆｉｌｌｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅｇｏａｌ［Ｄ］ｉｍｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｆｏｒｔｈｅｅｄｕｃａｔｅｄｔｏｅｎｊｏｙｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓｆｒｏｍａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎ６【红宝书】（请登陆红宝书网站：ｗｗｗ．ｈｏｎｇｂａｏｓｈｕ．ｃｏｍ下载其它考研英语资料）６９．Ｓｏｍｅｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｏｎｏｔｏｐｅｎｌｙａｄｍｉｔｔｈｅｙｈａｖｅａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｂｅｃａｕｓｅ．［Ａ］ｔｈｅｙｔｈｉｎｋｏｆｉｔａｓｉｍｍｏｒａｌ［Ｂ］ｔｈｅｉｒｐｕｒｓｕｉｔｓａｒｅｎｏｔｆａｍｅｏｒｗｅａｌｔｈ［Ｃ］ａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｉｓｎｏｔｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｓ［Ｄ］ｔｈｅｙｄｏｎｏｔｗａｎｔｔｏａｐｐｅａｒｇｒｅｅｄｙａｎｄｃｏｎｔｅｍｐｔｉｂｌｅ７０．Ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｌａｓｔｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎｃａｎｂｅｄｒａｗｎｔｈａｔａｍｂｉｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｍａｉｎｔａｉｎｅｄ．［Ａ］ｓｅｃｒｅｔｌｙａｎｄｖｉｇｏｒｏｕｓｌｙ［Ｂ］ｏｐｅｎｌｙａｎｄｅｎｔｈｕｓｉａｓｔｉｃａｌｌｙ［Ｃ］ｅａｓｉｌｙａｎｄｍｏｍｅｎｔａｒｉｌｙ［Ｄ］ｖｅｒｂａｌｌｙａｎｄｓｐｉｒｉｔｕａｌｌｙＰａｒｔⅣＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：ＲｅａｄｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｐａｓｓａｇｅｓａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅｄｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｏＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ．ＹｏｕｒｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｎｅａｔｌｙｏｎｔｈｅＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．（１５ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄａｃｔｏｎｔｈｅａｓｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｗｅｌｆａｒｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｐｅｏｐｌｅｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｌａｒｇｅｌｙｏｎｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｗｅａｌｔｈｏｆｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙ．（７１）Ｕｎｄｅｒｍｏｄｅｒｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ｔｈｉｓｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｓｖａｒｙｉｎｇｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓｏｆｃｅｎｔｒａｌｉｚｅｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌａｎｄｈｅｎｃｅｔｈｅｈｅｌｐｏｆｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｄｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｓｕｃｈａｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｓｔｓａｎｄｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｘｐｅｒｔｓ．（７２）Ｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｍｏｒｅ，ｉｔｉｓｏｂｖｉｏｕｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｏｆａｃｏｕｎｔｒｙｓｅｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｓｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｂｏｕｎｄｕｐｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆｉｔｓａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ，ａｎｄｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｉｎｔｕｒｎｒｅｓｔｓｕｐｏｎｔｈｅｅｆｆｏｒｔｓｏｆｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓｏｆａｌｌｋｉｎｄｓ．Ｉｔａｌｓｏｍｅａｎｓｔｈａｔｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｃｏｍｐｅｌｌｅｄｔｏｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｓｅｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｓｔｅｐｕｐｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅｎｓｕｒｅｔｈａｔｉｔｉｓｕｔｉｌｉｚｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｂｅｓｔａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ．Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，ｔｈｅｙｍａｙｅｎｃｏｕｒａｇｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｖａｒｉｏｕｓｗａｙｓ，ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｔｈｅｓｅｔｔｉｎｇｕｐｏｆｔｈｅｉｒｏｗｎｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｃｅｎｔｅｒｓ；ｔｈｅｙｍａｙａｌｔｅｒｔｈｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｏｆｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｏｒｉｎｔｅｒｆｅｒｅｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｒｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｗａｓｔａｇｅｏｆｎａｔｕｒａｌｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｒｔａｐｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｈｉｔｈｅｒｔｏｕｎｅｘｐｌｏｉｔｅｄ；ｏｒｔｈｅｙｍａｙｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｅｄｉｒｅｃｔｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｇｒｏｗｉｎｇｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｓｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ，ｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｓａｎｄｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．Ｉｎａｎｙｃａｓｅ，ａｌｌｓｕｃｈｉｎｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｈｅａｖｉｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｏｎｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｄｖｉｃｅａｎｄａｌｓｏｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｎｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｍａｎｐｏｗｅｒｏｆａｌｌｋｉｎｄｓ．（７３）Ｏｗｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｒｅｍａｒｋａｂｌｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｍａｓｓｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｃａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｐｅｏｐｌｅｅｖｅｒｙｗｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｅｅｌｉｎｇｎｅｗｗａｎｔｓａｎｄａｒｅｂｅｉｎｇｅｘｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｎｅｗｃｕｓｔｏｍｓａｎｄｉｄｅａｓ，ｗｈｉｌｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｏｆｔｅｎｆｏｒｃｅｄｔｏｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｓｔｉｌｌｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｉｎｎｏｖａｔｉｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｒｅａｓｏｎｓｇｉｖｅｎａｂｏｖｅ．Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ，ｔｈｅｎｏｒｍａｌｒａｔｅｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｃｈａｎｇｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｓｔａｋｉｎｇｐｌａｃｅａｔａｖａｓｔｌｙａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄｓｐｅｅｄｃｏｍｐａｒｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｐａｓｔ．Ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，（７４）ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｉｚｅｄｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｏｆＥｕｒｏｐｅｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ—ｗｉｔｈａｌｌｔｈｅｆａｒｒｅａｃｈｉｎｇｃｈａｎｇｅｓｉｎｓｏｃｉａｌｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｔｈａｔｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ—ｗａｓｓｐｒｅａｄｏｖｅｒｎｅａｒｌｙａｃｅｎｔｕｒｙ，ｗｈｅｒｅａｓｎｏｗａｄａｙｓａｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｎａｔｉｏｎｍａｙｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｔｈｅｓａｍｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎａｄｅｃａｄｅｏｒｓｏ．Ａｌｌｔｈｉｓｈａｓｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｂｕｉｌｄｉｎｇｕｐｕｎｕｓｕａｌｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｓａｎｄｔｅｎｓｉｏｎｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙａｎｄｃｏｎｓｅｑｕｅｎｔｌｙｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓｃｏｎｃｅｒｎｅｄ．（７５）Ａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｓｏｃｉａｌｓｔｒｅｓｓｅｓｍａｙａｌｓｏｏｃｃｕｒｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｅｘｐｌｏｓｉｏｎｏｒｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｒｉｓｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｍａｓｓｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ—ｔｈｅｍｓｅｌｖｅｓｍａｄｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｅａｓｙｎｏｗａｄａｙｓｂｙｍｏｄｅｒｎｍｅａｎｓｏｆｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔ．Ａｓａｒｅｓｕｌｔｏｆａｌｌｔｈｅｓｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓ，ｇｏｖｅｒｎｍｅｎｔｓａｒｅｂｅｃｏｍｉｎｇｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔｏｎｂｉｏｌｏｇｉｓｔｓａｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｔｓｆｏｒｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｔｈｅａｐｐｒｏｐｒｉａｔｅｐｒｏｇｒａｍｓａｎｄｐｕｔｔｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｉｎｔｏｅｆｆｅｃｔ．７【红宝书】２０００年考研英语真题系统精析ＰａｒｔⅤＷｒｉｔｉｎｇ（１５ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：Ａ．Ｓｔｕｄｙｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｗｏｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｗｒｉｔｅａｎｅｓｓａｙｏｆａｔｌｅａｓｔ１５０ｗｏｒｄｓ．Ｂ．ＹｏｕｒｅｓｓａｙｍｕｓｔｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｎｅａｔｌｙｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．Ｃ．Ｙｏｕｒｅｓｓａｙｓｈｏｕｌｄｍｅｅｔｔｈｅｒｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｂｅｌｏｗ：　１）Ｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｅｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ．　２）Ｄｅｄｕｃｅｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｐａｉｎｔｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓ．　３）Ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｃｏｕｎｔｅｒｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓ．ＡＢｒｉｅｆＨｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆＷｏｒｌｄＣｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌＦｉｓｈｉｎｇArray８２０００年考研英语真题答案快速扫描　（１～４０略：新大纲不再考查的部分）４１．Ｃ４２．Ａ４３．Ｂ４４．Ａ４５．Ｃ４６．Ｄ４７．Ｂ４８．Ｄ４９．Ｃ５０．Ｄ５１．Ｃ５２．Ｄ５３．Ｂ５４．Ａ５５．Ｃ５６．Ｂ５７．Ａ５８．Ｄ５９．Ｂ６０．Ａ６１．Ｃ６２．Ｄ６３．Ｂ６４．Ｄ６５．Ｃ６６．Ａ６７．Ａ６８．Ｃ６９．Ｄ７０．Ｂ２０００年考研英语真题答案系统精析ＰａｒｔⅠＳｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅａｎｄＶｏｃａｂｕｌａｒｙ　（１～４０略：新大纲不再考查的部分）ＰａｒｔⅡＣｌｏｚｅＴｅｓｔ文章大意本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其主题是强调了农民储存余粮的必要性。

2000年考研英语真题详细解析

2000Part ⅠClose TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)①If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. ②He must store a large quantity of grain 1 consuming all his grain immediately. ③He can continue to support himself and his family 2 he produces a surplus.④He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 3 the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to 4 old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to 5 the soil. ⑤He may also need money to construct irrigation 6 and improve his farm in other ways. ⑥If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be 7 . ⑦He must either sell some of his property or 8 extra funds in the form of loans. ⑧Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low 9 of interest, but loans of this kind are not 10 obtainable. ［139 words］1.［A］other than ［B］as well as ［C］instead of ［D］more than2.［A］only if ［B］much as ［C］long before ［D］ever since3.［A］for ［B］against ［C］of ［D］towards4.［A］replace ［B］purchase ［C］supplement ［D］dispose5.［A］enhance ［B］mix ［C］feed ［D］raise6.［A］vessels ［B］routes ［C］paths ［D］channels7.［A］self-confident ［B］self-sufficient［C］self-satisfied ［D］self-restrained8.［A］search ［B］save ［C］offer ［D］seek9.［A］proportion ［B］percentage ［C］rate ［D］ratio10.［A］genuinely ［B］obviously ［C］presumably ［D］frequentlyPart ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1①A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. ②When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. ③Its scientists were the world s best; its workers the most skilled. ④(11)America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.①It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. ②Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. ③By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. ④Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. ⑤By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. ⑥(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) ⑦（12）Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. ⑧For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.①All of this caused a crisis of confidence. ②Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. ③They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. ④The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. ⑤Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.①How things have changed! ②In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. ③（14）Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. ④Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. ⑤“American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanaugh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. ⑥“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. ⑦And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”［429 words］11. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because.［A］it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal［B］its domestic market was eight times larger than before［C］the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors［D］the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy12. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American.［A］TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market［B］semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises［C］machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions［D］auto industry had lost part of its domestic market13. What can be inferred from the passage?［A］It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.［B］Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.［C］The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.［D］A long history of success may pave the way for further development.14. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the.［A］turning of the business cycle ［B］restructuring of industry［C］improved business management ［D］success in educationPassage 2①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children.②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.［406 words］15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?［A］A lack of mates. ［B］A fierce competition.［C］A lower survival rate. ［D］A defective gene.16. What does the example of India illustrate?［A］Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.［B］Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.［C］The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.［D］India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.17. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because.［A］life has been improved by technological advance［B］the number of female babies has been declining［C］our species has reached the highest stage of evolution［D］the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing18. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?［A］Sex Ratio Changes in Human Evolution.［B］Ways of Continuing Man’s Evolution.［C］The Evolutionary Future of Nature.［D］Human Evolution Going Nowhere.Passage 3①（20）When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. ②With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature.①This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. ②Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. ③（21）This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. ④We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. ⑤We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. ⑥Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.①Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. ②But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river —and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: “Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.”①（22）This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. ②All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. ③The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?［334 words］19. This passage is mainly.［A］ a survey of new approaches to art［B］ a review of Futurist poetry［C］about merits of the Futurist movement［D］about laws and requirements of literature20. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to.［A］determine its purposes ［B］ignore its flaws［C］follow the new fashions ［D］accept the principles21. Futurists claim that we must.［A］increase the production of literature［B］use poetry to relieve modern stress［C］develop new modes of expression［D］avoid using adjectives and verbs22. The author believes that Futurist poetry is.［A］based on reasonable principles［B］new and acceptable to ordinary people［C］indicative of a basic change in human nature［D］more of a transient phenomenon than literaturePassage 4①（23）Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. ②But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. ③Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.①The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. ②In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. ③In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.①While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. ②（25）“Those things that do not show up in the test scores—personality, ability, courage or humanity—are completely ignored,”says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee. ③“Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild.”④Last year Japan experienced 2，125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. ⑤Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. ⑥Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents.”①（26）But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. ②“In Japan,”says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.”③With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households. ④Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. ⑤In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.［447 words］23. In the Westerners’ eyes, the postwar Japan was.［A］under aimless development ［B］ a positive example［C］ a rival to the West ［D］on the decline24. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?［A］Women’s participation in social activities is limited.［B］More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.［C］Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.［D］The life-style has been influenced by Western values.25. Which of the following is true according to the author?［A］Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.［B］Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.［C］More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.［D］Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.26. The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that.［A］the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life［B］the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.［C］the Japanese endure more than ever before［D］the Japanese appreciate their present lifePassage 5①（27）If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. ②If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. ③（28）In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. ④What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition—if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. ⑤There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped—with the educated themselves riding on them.①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago.③（29）What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. ④Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. ⑤For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”①The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. ②As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. ③This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. ④Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. ⑤Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. ［431 words］27. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if.［A］its returns well compensate for the sacrifices［B］it is rewarded with money, fame and power［C］its goals are spiritual rather than material［D］it is shared by the rich and the famous28. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is.［A］customary of the educated to discard ambition in words［B］too late to check ambition once it has been let out［C］dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal［D］impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition29. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because.［A］they think of it as immoral［B］their pursuits are not fame or wealth［C］ambition is not closely related to material benefits［D］they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible30. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained.［A］secretly and vigorously ［B］openly and enthusiastically［C］easily and momentarily ［D］verbally and spirituallyPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion orproblems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］Section ⅣWriting(15 points)36.Directions:A. Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay of at least 150 words.B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.C. Your essay should meet the requirements below:1）Describe the pictures.2）Deduce the purpose of the painter of the pictures.3）Suggest counter-measures.2000年英语试题答案Part ⅠCloze Test1. C2. A3. B4. A5. C6. D7. B8.D9. C 10. DPart ⅡReading ComprehensionPassage 111. C 12. D 13.B 14. APassage 215.C 16.B 17.A 18.DPassage 319.B 20.A 21.C 22.DPassage 423.B 24.D 25.C 26.APassage 527.A 28.C 29.D 30.BPart ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。

2000年考研英语阅读答案详解

2000 passa‎g e1重点词汇：handi‎c ap（v.阻碍；使不利）←hand+i(n)+cap，据说源自古‎代一种赌博‎：将罚金置于‎帽子里，手进入帽子‎抽签，抽中者处不‎利地位。

cultu‎r al han di‎c ap文化障碍；lang u‎ag e h andi‎c ap语言障碍。

unpar‎a llel‎e d （无可比拟的‎）←u n+paral‎l e l+ed；paral‎l e l （n.v.a.平行；相似）即p ara‎+llel，p ara-前缀“在旁边”=besid‎e，llel三‎个l看作是‎“平行线”。

paral‎l e l point‎s i n the chara‎c t er s‎of diffe‎r ent m en 不同人的个‎性的相同之‎处。

prosp‎e rous‎ （繁荣的）←prosp‎er（v.繁荣）+ous；prosp‎e rity‎（繁荣）←prosp‎er+ity名词‎后缀。

Th e probl‎e m sto be resol‎v ed deman‎d, and creat‎e, spiri‎t ual resou‎r ces which‎the prosp‎e rous‎ease of a golde‎n age will never‎ i n spi‎re.等待解决的‎问题需要并‎且造成了黄‎金时代的繁‎荣安逸不可‎能激发的精‎神资源。

The prosp‎er ity‎ of a peopl‎e is propo‎r tion‎a te to the numbe‎r of hands‎and minds‎usefu‎l ly em plo‎y ed.国家的繁荣‎与有效使用‎的人手和头‎脑的数量成‎比例。

If we did not som et‎h i n g tast e‎ of adver‎si t y, prosp‎er ity‎ would‎ n ot be so welco‎m e.如果不偶尔‎遭遇不幸，幸福就不会‎如此甜蜜。

2000年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案

2000年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose [D]Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1. As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing[B] to hear[C] to be hearing[D] having heard2. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ________ to find it locked.[A] just[B] only[C] hence[D] thus3. Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent ________ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.[A] to sunbathe[B] to have sunbathed[C] having sunbathed[D] sunbathing4. Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ________ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.[A] to[B] with[C] for[D] on5. On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ________ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston".[A] which[B] where[C] when[D] that6. Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ________ out of the office.[A] went[B] gone[C] to go[D] would go7. The roles expected ________ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.[A] of[B] on[C] to[D] with8. Talk to anyone in the drug industry, ________ you'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.[A] or[B] and[C] for[D] so9. It wasn't so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.[A] rather[B] so[C] than[D] as10. Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone ________ one.[A] getting[B] to get[C] gotten[D] getPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)Example:A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition, which [C] they saw [D] many new products.Answer [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, "A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products." So you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■] [D]11. Having isolatedA on a remote island, withB little work to occupyC them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spiritsD.12. If the letter to be mailedA was placedB on the writing table an hour ago,it isC certain beingD there now.13. The rulingA party could even lose itsB majority in the lower house of parliament, startedC a period of prolonged strugglingD.14. The mechanisms atA work are manifestB in the tendency for such physical activity toC utilize the potentialD harmful constituents of the stress response.15. InA the long run, however, this hurry to shedB full-time staff may be moreC harmful to industry as it is toD the workforce.16. See to itA that you include inB the examination paper whateverC questions they didn't know the answerD last time.17. Most newspapers, while devotingA the major part of itsB space to recent events, usually manage to find roomC on the inside pages for articles onD some interesting topics.18. One sign by whichA you are making progress in an artB such as painting or photography is thatC you begin to realize how much there isD to learn.19. The ideal listener stays both inside and outsideA the music at the moment it is played and enjoyingB it almost as much asC the composer at the moment he composesD.20. ContinuedA exposure to stress has been linked to worsenedB functioning of the immune system, leavingC a person more liable forD infection.Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read, "The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway." Therefore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]21. He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A] bluntly[B] convincingly[C] emphatically[D] determinedly22. France's ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A] assumption[B] consumption[C] presumption[D] resumption23. The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ________ an outburst of interest.[A] flared[B] glittered[C] sparked[D] flashed24. His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties ________.[A] came off[B] came on[C] came round[D] came down25. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually ________ it in a profitable direction.[A] adapt[B] control[C] install[D] steer26. The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.[A] secure[B] extend[C] defend[D] possess27. It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ________ at the manager's office.[A] declared[B] obtained[C] reclaimed[D] recognized28. When I ________ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.[A] woke up[B] took to[C] picked up[D] came to29. The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A] established on[B] affiliated to[C] originated from[D] incorporated with30. I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.[A] concerned[B] compatible[C] considerate[D] complied31. At first, the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction[B] transmission[C] transformation[D] transition32. When the committee ________ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.[A] got down[B] set about[C] went off[D] came up33. ________ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.[A] Orientation[B] Access[C] Procession[D] Voyage34. Mr. Smith had an unusual ________: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.[A] profession[B] occupation[C] position[D] career35. The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] intention[B] instinct[C] integrity[D] intensity36. The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ________ to everyone.[A] speculation[B] attribution[C] utilization[D] proposition37. The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A] renders[B] reckons[C] regards[D] relates38. To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ________, and display interest in the job.[A] swift[B] instant[C] timely[D] punctual39. You don't have to install this radio in your new car, it's an ________ extra.[A] excessive[B] optional[C] additional[D] arbitrary40. We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't ________ to the traffic jam of the busy city.[A] aid[B] amount[C] add[D] attributeSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __41__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __42__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __43__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __44__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __45__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __46__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __47__. He must either sell some of his property or __48__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __49__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __50__ obtainable.41. [A] other than[B] as well as[C] instead of[D] more than42. [A] only if[B] much as[C] long before[D] ever since43. [A] for[B] against[C] of[D] towards44. [A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement[D] dispose45. [A] enhance[B] mix[C] feed[D] raise46. [A] vessels[B] routes[C] paths[D] channels47. [A] self-confident[B] self-sufficient[C] self-satisfied[D] self-restrained48. [A] search[B] save[C] offer[D] seek49. [A] proportion[B] percentage[C] rate[D] ratio50. [A] genuinely[B] obviously[C] presumably[D] frequentlySection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in educationBeing a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years -- even the pass 100 years -- our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A] A lack of mates.[B] A fierce competition.[C] A lower survival rate.[D] A defective gene.56. What does the example of India illustrate?[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.[A] life has been improved by technological advance[B] the number of female babies has been declining[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A] Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution[B] Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D] Human Evolution Going NowhereWhen a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered bystops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59. This passage is mainly ________.[A] a survey of new approaches to art[B] a review of Futurist poetry[C] about merits of the Futurist movement[D] about laws and requirements of literature60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.[A] determine its purposes[B] ignore its flaws[C] follow the new fashions[D] accept the principles61. Futurists claim that we must ________.[A] increase the production of literature[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress[C] develop new modes of expression[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.[A] based on reasonable principles[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people[C] indicative of basic change in human nature[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literatureAimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores -- personality, ability, courage or humanity -- are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63. In the Westerner's eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline64. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65. Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66. The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeText 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped -- with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs -- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longerfeel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous68. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.[A] they think of it as immoral[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible70. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ________.[A] secretly and vigorously。

考研英语答案与解析 2000年

2000-Part II Cloze Test2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析41.【C 】此处空格表达的是一种转折的含义（store vs consume ），四个选项中只有instead of 表示转折。

tinue to support ；“条件”：produce a surplus ），只有谷物（sell commodity ）的其中一个目的是为了替换旧的农用工具（old agricultural implements ），故选replace 。

学肥料）的目的只能是为了给土地施肥，英语里表46.【D 】原句的意思是“他还需要钱修建灌溉……”，从上下文语义看，这里的空格只能填入“系统”或“沟渠”等意思的词，四个选项中只有channels 符合题意。

法……”，从上下文语义，综合选项含义看，这里表达的意思应该是“自给自足”，只有B 项self⁃suffi⁃方式……额外资金”，从上下文语义来看，此处需要表达的含义为“筹集”，而四个选项中只有A 项search 和D 项seek 意为“寻求”，引申含义为“筹集”，符合题意；但search 作动词表达“寻求”含义以得到的”，四个选项中只有frequently 符合上下文语义，意为“经常，常常”。

presumably “大概，可12000-22000-【定位】考点在第二段第三句和第六句。

【解析】首先通过1980s 这一信号词定位考点在第二段第三句：“到了20世纪80年代中期，美国人困惑地发现他们的产业竞争力逐渐衰落。

”在接下来的例证中，第六句中举的例子：“外国生产的汽车和纺织品席卷了美53.眼B演【定位】考点在于对全文的理解。

【解析】本文的第一段讲的是美国经济的蓬勃发展，第二段讲的是蓬勃发展的美国经济受到其他国家经济发展的挑战，第三段讲的是美国人面对外国产品冲击压力而自我反思，第四段讲的是90年代美国的经济又恢复了良好的发展势头。

从这四部分的内容我们可以总结出：在竞争的压力下，美国人在80年代进行了自我54.眼A演【定位】考点在第四段的第三句。

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2000年part4

Part FourAimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores — personality, ability, courage or humanity — are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes （travels to and from work）and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one quarter.13. In the Westerners' eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline14. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.[D] The lifestyle has been influenced by Western values.15. Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.16. The change in Japanese lifestyle is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeUnit 7 （2000）Part 4重点词汇：1.postwar（战后）←post前缀“在后”+war；prewar （战前）←pre前缀“在前”+war。

2000年考研英语text4

2000年考研英语text4[Title]: The Challenges and Opportunities for International Cooperation in the 21st Century[Introduction]In the 21st century, international cooperation has become increasingly vital as countries face unprecedented challenges that transcend national borders. This article aims to shed light on the pressing global issues, namely climate change, global health, and economic interdependence, while emphasizing the significance of effective cooperation among nations. Engaging in collaborative efforts enables countries to tackle these challenges collectively and harness the associated opportunities for mutual growth and progress.[Body]1. Climate Change: a Global ResponsibilityClimate change is a pressing issue that demands immediate attention and international collaboration. Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and environmental degradation pose a threat to the planet and its inhabitants. Mitigating climate change requires multilateral efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, conserve natural resources, and promote sustainable development. International agreements and organizations, such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, provide platforms for countries to cooperate and address this shared concern.2. Global Health Challenges: Collective ResponseIn a world increasingly interconnected by travel and trade, global health challenges can rapidly transcendnational borders. Outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as Ebola, Zika, and COVID-19, have demonstrated the urgency of international cooperation in confronting pandemics. Sharingscientific knowledge, coordinating public health responses, and ensuring equitable access to healthcare resources are paramount to effectively combatting global health crises. Initiatives like the World Health Organization's Global Health Security Agenda facilitate collaboration among nations to strengthen health systems and prevent the spread of diseases on a global scale.3. Economic Interdependence: Mutual ProsperityIn an era of globalization, economies around the world are deeply interconnected, creating opportunities for collaboration and shared prosperity. Trade agreements, bilateral investments, and international financial cooperation contribute to economic interdependence, stimulating growth and development. Multinational organizations such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank promote financial stability, poverty reduction, and sustainable economic practices by facilitatingcollaboration among nations. Through the coordination of fiscal policies and the exchange of expertise, countries can jointly address economic challenges and foster mutual benefits.4. Technological Advancements: Collaborative InnovationRapid technological advancements generate both opportunities and challenges that require international cooperation. Harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence, robotics, and renewable energy sources necessitates cross-border collaboration to share expertise, research findings, and resources. Initiatives like joint research projects, technological transfers, and innovation partnerships enable countries to pool their strengths and address complex global issues through collaborative innovation. This integration of knowledge and effort enhances scientific progress and promotes advancements for the betterment of humanity.[Conclusion]The challenges faced in the 21st century demand global solutions, prompting countries to engage in effective international cooperation. The examples of climate change, global health, economic interdependence, and technological advancements illustrate the necessity for collaborative efforts among nations to address shared concerns. By leveraging each other's strengths, resources, and expertise, countries can overcome these challenges and seize the associated opportunities for collective growth and progress. Only through effective international cooperation can we build a sustainable and prosperous future for all.。

2000年考研英语阅读答案详解

2000 passage1重点词汇：handicap（v.阻碍；使不利）←hand+i(n)+cap，据说源自古代一种赌博：将罚金置于帽子里，手进入帽子抽签，抽中者处不利地位。

cultural handicap 文化障碍；language handicap 语言障碍。

unparalleled （无可比拟的）←un+parallel+ed；parallel （n.v.a.平行；相似）即para+llel，para-前缀“在旁边”=beside，llel三个l看作是“平行线”。

parallel points in the characters of different men 不同人的个性的相同之处。

prosperous （繁荣的）←prosper（v.繁荣）+ous；prosperity （繁荣）←prosper+ity名词后缀。

The problems to be resolved demand, and create, spiritual resources which the prosperous ease of a golden age will never inspire.等待解决的问题需要并且造成了黄金时代的繁荣安逸不可能激发的精神资源。

The prosperity of a people is proportionate to the number of hands and minds usefully employed.国家的繁荣与有效使用的人手和头脑的数量成比例。

If we did not something taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome.如果不偶尔遭遇不幸，幸福就不会如此甜蜜。

prosperity — something the businessmen create for the politicians to take credit for 繁荣——实业家发明出来让政客居功的某种东西。

2000年考研英语真题答案及解析

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析PartⅠCloze Test1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C10.DPartⅡReading ComprehensionPassage111.C12.D13.B14.APassage215.C16.B17.A18.DPassage319.B20.A21.C22.DPassage423.B24.D25.C26.APassage527.A28.C29.D30.BPartⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的集中控制措施，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。

32.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

33.大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的习俗和思想。

由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

34.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。

35.由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

SectionⅣWriting(15points)36.见分析PartⅠClose Test一、文章总体分析本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其主题是强调农民储存余粮的必要性。

文章①句提出论点：农民想成功，就必须努力保持消费和生产之间有较大的差距。

②句对①句进行具体的解释：即他必须存储大量的粮食。

③④⑤从正面论述储存余粮的必要性：③句总说可以养家糊口；④⑤句具体说可以留作播种、应对恶劣天气影响及作为商品卖掉以满足农业再生产等需要。

⑥⑦⑧句论述没有余粮的危害:不能自给自足，从反面论证储存余粮的必要性。

二、试题具体解析1.\[A\]other than不同于，除了……[B]as well as也，又（表示附加）[C]instead of而不是……（表选择）[D]more than比……更多（表比较）本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。

考研英语一真题手译阅读2000-Text4

百度官方认证店铺：考研资料2000-1Text41-Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values.Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being,but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs,and young people don’t know where they should go next.2-The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.In a recent survey,it was found that only24.5percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life,compared with67.2percent of students in the United States.In addition,far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the10other countries surveyed.分享考研资料，助力考研成功！。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--2000年part4Part FourAimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores - personality, ability, courage or humanity - are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moraleducation. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese lifestyles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes （travels to and from work）and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one quarter.13. In the Westerners' eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline14. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics.[D] The lifestyle has been influenced by Western values.15. Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.16. The change in Japanese lifestyle is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeUnit 7 （2000）Part 4重点词汇：1.postwar（战后）←post前缀"在后"+war；prewar （战前）←pre前缀"在前"+war。

postwar architecture - the accountants' revenge on the prewar businessmen's dreams 战后的建筑--会计师们对战前商人们的梦想的报复。

2.harmony（和谐，融洽）可看作har+mony，har谐音"哈"，mony即money，于是"哈！money！"→有钱很多事情都会变得"和谐"与"融洽"。

No family harmony, no social stability.没有家庭的和睦，就没有社会的稳定。

3.sacrifice（v.n.牺牲；奉献）可看作sa+cri+fice，sa谐音似"杀"，cri看作cry（元音替换），fice看作face（元音替换），于是"因马上要被杀（sa）而泪留（cri）满面（fice）的东西"→牺牲。