高考英语考点 45被动语态

考点四十五被动语态

一、被动语态的基本时态变化

1．各种时态被动语态的构成

被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态可用于各种时态，其时态变化通过助动词be的不同形式来体现。

(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词

Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.

必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。

(2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态

在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。

Some glasses got broken when we were moving.

我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。

二、主动形式表示被动意义

1．当look，sound，smell，taste，feel，prove，remain，stay等作系动词时。

The soup smells good but tastes terrible.

这种汤闻起来不错，但太难喝了。

The theory proved to be correct.

这个理论证明是正确的。

2．表示主语某种属性、特征的动词如read，sell，write，wash，wear等。

This kind of book sells well.这种书很畅销。

The shirt washes well.这衬衫很好洗。

3．表示开始、结束、运动的动词如begin，start，finish，stop，open，close等。

The shop closes at 6 p．m.everyday. 商店每天下午6点关门。

三、使用被动语态应注意的问题

1．不及物动词及短语不能用于被动语态。常见的有：rise，appear，disappear，happen，occur，break out，take place，run out，give out(用完，耗尽)等。

My money has run out.Can you lend me some?

我的钱用完了，你能借给我一些吗？

2．在主动语态里，感官动词和使役动词后面跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但变为被动语态时，须带to。

I often hear her sing English songs.

→She is often heard to sing English songs by me.

我经常听见她唱英语歌。

3．带有介词或副词的动词短语用作被动语态的谓语时，介词或副词不能省略。

She often looks after the old man.

→The old man is often looked after by her.

她经常照顾这位老人。

4．含有双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：一是将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；二是将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语前加介词to或for。

Her mother bought her a computer.

→She was bought a computer by her mother.

→A computer was bought for her by her mother.

她妈妈给她买了一台电脑。

单句改错

①A traffic accident was happened near our school last night.

②Great changes have been taken place in China in the past five years.

③A tall man was seen go into the room just now.

（2018·北京卷·单项填空）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in

the mountains for two days.

A. are trapping

B. have been trapped

C. were trapping

D. had been trapped

【答案】D

【解析】句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。

1. （2018·天津卷·单项填空）My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.

A. was repaired

B. is repaired

C. is being repaired

D. has been repaired

【答案】C

【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。

2.（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.

【答案】are removed

【解析】句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉，被动语态。

一完成下列题目

1. （2017·北京卷·单项填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.

A. haven’t invented

B. haven’t been invented

C. hadn’t invented

D. hadn’t been invented

2. （2017·天津卷·单项填空）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.

A. regard

B. is regarded

C. are regarded

D. regards

3. （2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）Steam engines __65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been（fairly）(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.

4. （2017·新课标III卷·语法填空）Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year.

5.（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ____________ with success in the end.

A. rewarded

B. were rewarded

C. will reward

D. will be rewarded