定语从句与被动语态
定语从句及被动语态课件
被动语态在各种句型中应用技
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巧讲解
简单句、并列句、复合句中被动语态应用技巧
简单句中的被动语态
在简单句中，被动语态常用于强调受事者或未知施事者的情况，如“The cake was eaten by the dog.”（蛋糕被狗吃了。）。
并列句中的被动语态
在并列句中，被动语态可用于其中一个分句，以突出受事者或与另一分句形成对比，如 “John wrote the book, but it was edited by Mary.”（约翰写了这本书，但它是被玛 丽编辑的。）。
关系代词和关系副词引导方式
关系代 词
包括who, whom, whose, that, which等，用于引导定语从句并代替先行词在 从句中充当主语、宾语等成分。例如：“The man who is speaking on the stage is our president.”（正在台上发言的人是我们的总统。）
当需要使句子表达更客观、中立时，可以使用被动语态，如“It is
believed that the new policy will improve the situation.”（人们相
信新政策会改善局势。）。
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使用被动语态使句子更流畅
当主动语态的施事者在上下文中不重要或已知时，可以使用被动语态使
定语从句及被动语态 课件
• 定语从句基本概念与分类 • 被动语态基本形式与用法 • 定语从句中关系代词选择原则及实例演示 • 被动语态在各种句型中应用技巧讲解 • 定语从句和被动语态结合使用注意事项及实例分析 • 总结回顾与拓展延伸
目录
定语从句基本概念与分类
限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句区分
限定性定语从句
定语从句、被动语态
专题十八：定语从句一、定语从句：1.定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
关系词指代在定语从句中的作用that既指人也指物作主语、宾语which指物作主语、宾语who指人作主语whom指人作宾语whose既指人也指物作定语二、定语从句：1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that，which均可.但下列情况，只用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .2).先行词被the only, the very, the last, all, no, little等词修饰,只用that。
This is the very book ___ I’m looking for .3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只用that . This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况，只能用which不用that。
被动语态定语从句句子背诵
1. 不努力学习的学生不会通过考试的 2. 你们已经取得了很大的进步，这使老师非常高兴. 3. 我的叔叔李明要去你居住的城市参加一个国际会议。 4. 我让叔叔带去你喜欢的中国画。 5. 我最好的朋友是李明，他的外号是loser 6. 我不喜欢他的外号，原因是它深深的伤害了他。 7. 李明是个热心肠的人，他总是乐于助人。 8. 让别人快乐的人才是最快乐的 9. 我们应该每天锻炼身体，这对我们的健康有好处。
1. 美国教授布朗，在西南大学任教多年，会来我们学校举
办音乐讲座。这次讲座会在2014年12月23日2:30在演讲 大厅举行。期望同学们按时参加专心听讲 (expect ). 2.为了帮助学生们提高英语口语，我们学校要举行一次英语 演讲比赛.( speech contest)
3.They were given a warm welcome at the airport. 4. The result will be announced at 6 o‟clock. 5. You are requested to give us a talk on Japanese culture. 6. New buildings can be seen everywhere in this area. 7.The lecture is considered very important for begin ners. 8.Some measures should be taken to save the tigers in danger. 9. Mobile phones are widely used to send short messages, play games and chat with friends. 3.他们在机场受到热烈欢迎接。 4. 结果六点钟会宣布。 5. 敬请您给我们作一个有关日本文化的讲座。 6. 新建的大楼在这一地区随处可见。7. 大家认为这个讲 座对初学者来说很重要。 8.我们应该采取一些措施来拯 救处在危险中的老虎。9.我们广泛使用手机来发短信， 玩游戏以及和朋友聊天。
被动语态 定语从句总结
英语被动语态用法归纳总结一、被动语态定义和用法当我们要突出某个行为的执行者时，应使用主动语态来表达，而要强调动作的承受者时，就要使用被动语态来表达。
主语为动作的执行者时，表示主动语态。
e.g. He told the story. (主动语态）他讲了这个故事。
主语为动作的承受者时，表示被动语态。
e.g.The story was told by him. (被动语态）这个故事被他讲了。
二、一般现在时被动语态的各类句式总结如下：1. 肯定句：主语+am / is / are+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)2. 否定句：主语+ am / is / are not+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)3. 一般疑问句：Am / Is / Are +主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ am / is / are + 主语+动词过去分词(+by+动作执行者)e.g. This song is still loved by many young people today.这首歌现在仍然受到许多年轻人的喜爱。
(肯定句)This camera is not made in Japan.这部相机不是日本制造的。
(否定句)—Is the film called Snow White?这部电影是叫《白雪公主》吗？(一般疑问句)—Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t. 是的。
/不是。
—How many people were mentioned in the conversation?(特殊疑问句) 对话中提到了几个人？—Two. 两个。
三、一般过去时的被动语态被动语态的动词形式为：be+动词的过去分词，其中be为助动词，根据不同的人称和时态有形式的变化。
因此，一般过去时的被动语态为：1. 肯定句：主语+was/were+动词过去分词（+ by+动作执行者）e.g. The letter was written by Jim.2. 否定句：主语+was/were not+动词过去分词（+ by+动作执行者）e.g. The letter wasn’t written by Jim.3.一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+动词过去分词+（by+动作执行者）e.g. Was the letter written by Jim?4. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+动词的过去分词+（by+动作执行者）e.g. When was the letter written by Jim?当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，要把主动语态中表人的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语的位置不变。
初中英语被动语态和定语从句的用法详解
初中英语被动语态的用法详解一、被动语态的结构主动语态(The Active V oice表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态(The Passive V oice表示主语是动作的承受者。
构成:承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词.一般过去时:was/were+过去分词一般将来时:shall /will be +过去分词现在完成时:have /has been +过去分词现在进行时:am/is/are+being+过去分词.过去将来时:should /would be +过去分词.含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+过去分词.二、被动语态的用法1当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁,或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时,需用被动语态。
2当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。
3如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。
主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
三、主动语态变为被动语态的情况1主语+谓语动词+宾语将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(主动We bought a book yesterday. (被动The book was bought yesterday.2主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。
多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。
如果直接宾语变为主语时,间接宾语前要加介词to / for。
(主动He showed me a book yesterday. (被动I was showed a book yesterday. (被动The book was showed to me yesterday.3主语+谓语动词+复合宾语含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语,变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语保留不变,成为主语补足语。
雅思托福语法之被动语态、定语从句
将主动语态中的主语和宾语颠倒 位置，并将谓语动词变为被动形
式。
02 定语从句
定义与特点
定义
定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从 句，用于描述名词或代词的特征或属 性。
特点
定语从句通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或 代词之后，用关系代词（如that、 which、who等）引导，对名词或代 词进行限定或补充说明。
04 练习与巩固
被动语态练习题
总结词
掌握被动语态的基本结构和用法
详细描述
被动语态是英语语法中的重要部分，用于描述动作的接受者而不是执行者。通过 练习题，可以加深对被动语态的理解和运用，包括各种时态和语态的转换，以及 在复杂句型中的应用。
定语从句练习题
总结词
熟悉定语从句的规则和用法
详细描述
定语从句用于修饰名词或代词，对其属性或特征进行描述。通过练习题，可以熟悉定语从句的规则和用法，包括 关系代词的选择、从句的时态和语态等，以及在写作中的应用。
雅思托福写作练习题
总结词
提高雅思托福写作水平
详细描述
雅思托福写作考试要求考生具备良好的语法和表达能力。通过练习雅思托福写作题，可以锻炼考生的 思维逻辑、语言表达和语法运用能力，提高雅思托福写作水平。
THANKS
功能不同
定语从句主要用来修饰名词或代词，限定其范围或补充说明其特征，而同位语 从句则用来补充说明主语的身份、地位等信息。
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雅思托福考试中的被动语态与 定语从句
雅思托福考试中被动语态的考查重点
被动语态的基本形式
雅思托福考试中常考查被动语态的基本形式，如“be+过去分词 ”等。
被动语态的时态变化
考生需要掌握被动语态的各种时态，如一般现在时、一般过去时、 将来时等。
宾语从句、定语从句、被动语态、过去完成时-备战2022年中考英语一轮复习课本知识点完美梳理(人教版)
1.This is the school that I metioned yesterday.
先行词
这就是我昨天提到的学校.
定语从句
关系词.that指代school,在定语从句中作mention的宾语,这时关系词用
that/which,或省略.
2.I prefer the school where I used to study for three years. 先行词
1.Is the person who/that we met yesterday your brother?
昨天我们遇到的人是你的哥哥吗？
先行词
定语从句
关系词.先行词是人,关系词用who/that,关系词指代person,在定语从句中
作met的宾语,所以关系词也可以用whom或省略. 2.This is the person who helped the old man. 先行词 定语从句 这就是那个帮助老人的人.
4.Did you know what time he would come back? 主句一般过去时
5.He says he has finished reading.
主句一般现在时 主句一般过去时
6.He said he had finished reading. 7.He said the sun is bigger than the
2.I don’t know whether to go.
动词不定式前
3.It depends on whether her mother will allow. 介词后
宾语从句
学习宾语从句,注意的两大问题
一. 宾语从句的语序一定是陈述句语序.
定语从句及被动语态
关系代词which和that的区别： A.关系代词必须用that的情形：
This is the best film that I have ever seen. The first man that arrived at the class was our headteacher. This is the only ticket that I got yesterday. This is the very book that I’m looking for. Is there anything that I can do for you? All that you have to do is to press the button. There is no time that we can waste. The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station. The student that was punished is the monitor who studies hard.
D.the way of which
Correct the following sentences:
1.This is the best film which I have seen. This is the best film that I have seen.
2.That’s all which want to say. That’s all that I want to say.
6. The house whose roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon.
从一个例句看定语从句与被动语态的完美结合
从一个例句看定语从句与被动语态的完美结合请大家先看一个句子:We should pay much attention to the good teacher.(我们应该给这个好老师以足够的注意力)这个句子固然不错,但是,若在一篇文章中都是这类平铺直叙的句式结构,就显得单调乏味,令人枯燥了。
我们应当学会一种意思,多种表达,在写作中运用多种句式结构,就会给读者或评分者不一样的感觉。
句式变换的方式多种多样,本文通过例句着重说明如何使定语从句与被动语态达到完美结合。
首先,我们来看看本句变为被动语态的情况:(1)Much attention should be paid to the good teacher(by us).足够的注意力要给予这个好老师。
(2)The good teacher should be paid much attention to(by us).这个好老师应该被给以足够的注意力。
这样就使句子有了主次,有了要重点表达的内容。
例句(1)强调的是much attention,而例句(2)中,则强调的是the good teacher。
其次,我们看看加入定语从句的情况:(3)The attention (that/which) we should pay to the good teacher is much.我们该给这个好老师的注意力是很多的。
(4)The teacher (that/who/whom) we should pay muchattention to is good.我们该给以足够注意力的老师是很好的。
例句(3)中,我们把much attention拆分开来,形成一个主句The attention is much,又通过对attention加上一个定语从句,即(that /which) we should pay to the good teacher,从而达到了对attention的进一步修饰限定。
被动语态定语从句
被动语态一、被动语态概述：语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
（被动语态）二、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was builtlast year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was electe d chairm an.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleane d yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tigerwas killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
如：The window was blownby wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The wholevillag e has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believ ed that he is a spy. (=He is believ ed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
被动语态,宾语从句,定语从句专项练习
被动语态专项练习请写出被动语态的基本结构：________________________________A.一般现在时的被动语态结构：is /am/are +及物动词的过去分词+其它+by sb.1．Football （play）all over the world。
2．Many trees （plant）in North China.3．Rice （grow）in South China.4．A camera （use）for taking photos5．I often （ask）to do this work.B.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was /were+及物动词的过去分词＋其它+by sb.1.The house （build）in 1978.2. All the students _____________ (ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday3. The car (clean) by Dad yesterday.4. I （tell）to wait for him right here.5. When the present （give）to him by his mother？C.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词can / may / must / should + be + 及物动词的过去分词+其它+by sb.1. Chocolate may (send) to him as a present.2. Computers should （look）after well.3. Can this kind of machine （mend）by Uncle Wang?4. No stars can （see）in the day-time by us.5. Must the old people ____________ (speak) to politely?D.你能试着做一做含有其它时态的被动语态吗？1. The letter (write) by Lin Tao now.2. The bridge (finish) next month.3. The CD-ROMs (sell) already.4. The blackboard (clean) when I came in.E.什么词或词组不能用于被动语态F.主动语态中，这些动词后面跟的是动词原形，即do sth.,但变成被动语态后原形要变成to do的不定式结构。
被动语态定语从句
被动语态一、被动语态概述：语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。
（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
（被动语态）二、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。
He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。
2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。
此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。
The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
3、当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。
如：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
5、其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有:It is reported that…据报道It is said that…据说It is believed that…大家相信It is suggested that…有人建议三、主动语态变为被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。
九年级英语：被动语态,定语从句教案
第十四周星期一专题复习：被动语态，定语从句一、被动语态。
表示主语是谓语动词的承受者。
结构为be+动词的过去分词（done）by+执行者，这里的be有人称数和时态的变化。
1、各种时态的被动语态。
（1）一般现在时：am/is/are+done（2）一般过去时：uas/were+done（3）将来时：will+be+done（4）现在完成时：has/has been+done（5）含情态动词的被动态：can/may…be+done（6）现在进行时：am/is/are+being+done2、含复合宾语的主动句变为被动句。
(1) tell /ask sb to do sth.→ sb+be asked/ told to do sth感官动词的过去分词(2)(see hear fed watch make let have) sb do st h→sb+be+感官动词使役动词使役动词的过去分词+to do sth例：I heard her sing in the room just now→ She was heard to sing in the room just now练习思考：I watch them playing soccer now（改为被动态）二、定语从句定语从句通常置于它所修饰的名词或代词（先行词）之后，引导定语从句的词（关系代词关系副词）叫引导词。
关键：判断先行词，再确定引导词。
1、关系代词有that（指人或物）which（指物）who（指人）whom（指人）主语宾语Whose（指人或物）2、关系副词有where（地点）when（时间）why原因3、例：It’s mount Tai that lies shangdong province. The girl who we saw yesterday is Mary.It’sa book which introduces China. That’s the girl (whom) I net yesterday Is this the boy whose parents went to Canada Last year? I will never forget the day when we first met This is the school where I study This is the reason why you should leave.4、注意下列几点：(1) Whom which作宾语时介词可放前后。
被动语态,宾语从句,定语从句专项练习
精心整理被动语态专项练习请写出被动语态的基本结构：________________________________A.一般现在时的被动语态结构：is/am/are+及物动词的过去分词+其它+bysb.1．Football（play）allovertheworld。
2．Manytrees（plant）inNorthChina.3．Rice（grow）inSouthChina.4．Acamera（use）fortakingphotos5．Ioften（ask）todothiswork.()1.Thestrangethingwasused______wine（酒）byancient（古代的）people.A.fordrinkB.todrinkC.drinkingD.drinked()2.Today,toomanytreesarestill_____intheworld.A.cuttingdownB.cutdownC.beingcutdownD.cutteddown()3.English_____inmanycountries,butChinese_____theirownlanguages.A.isspoken,speaksB.speaks,isspokenC.isspoken,speakenD.isspoken,isspoken()4.Thiskindofapple______inJinzhou.A.isgrown B.grow C.grew D.aregrown()5.Theseyoungtreesmust______afterwell.A.look B.looksafter C.belooked D.looked()6.InChinathemoney______tochildrenforgoodluckbytheirparentsorotherseniorinSpringFestivalA.givesB.isgivenC.aregivenD.give()()7.Ourteacherwasseen______totheofficeamomentago.A.go B.togo C.going D.goes ()8.TheOxfordCastle_____byHenry.Itisinverygoodconditionnow.A.builtB.wasbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbuilt()9.Icecanbe_____water.A.turninto B.turnto C.turnedinto D.turnedto()10.Keysareusedfor_____doors. A.lock B.locked C.locking D.locks()11.Thegreenhouse(温室)shouldbe_____glass.A.madeofB.madefromC.madeintoD.madein()12.Sorry,allthevegetables______.Pleasecometomorrow.A.sellswellB.havesoldoutC.havebeensoldoutD.areselling()13.Themanisbadlyhurt.He_____tothehospital.A.hassentB.hasbeensentC.sentD.hassentfor((7宾语从句I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
带被动语态和定语从句的句子
带被动语态和定语从句的句子1. 那些被岁月遗忘的故事，是我心中最珍贵的宝藏。
就像那本被搁置在角落的旧相册，里面的照片虽然有些泛黄，可每一张都承载着一段美好的回忆。
我和奶奶坐在老树下，她指着相册里的照片说：“看呐，这是你爷爷年轻的时候，那时候他可帅啦。
”每一张照片都是一个被时光定格的瞬间，每次翻看，就像重新走进了那些被珍藏的往昔。
2. 你知道吗？被信任的感觉就像沐浴在温暖的阳光里。
我有一个朋友，他就是那种被大家公认的靠谱的人。
他曾经被委托保管一笔钱，那可是一大笔钱啊！在他手里就像被锁进了最安全的保险箱。
他说：“我知道这钱被托付给我，那是大家对我的信任，我可不能辜负。
”这就是信任的力量，被信任的人就像一颗闪耀的星星，照亮周围的一切。
3. 被误解的滋味啊，就像吃了一口酸涩的柠檬。
有一次，我在学校被同学误以为是拿了他的笔。
我当时可委屈了，就像一只被冤枉的小绵羊。
我对他说：“那支笔我都没见过，我怎么会拿呢？”可他不听，还是认定是我拿的。
被误解的时候，心里就像被乌云遮住的天空，阴沉沉的。
直到后来他自己找到了笔，才知道是错怪我了。
哎，被误解可真不好受啊！4. 那座被岁月侵蚀的老房子，是我们童年的乐园。
它就像一位慈祥的老人，见证了我们的成长。
房子里有一个被漆成蓝色的小柜子，那里面藏着我们的小秘密。
我和小伙伴们经常在那座老房子里玩耍，我们会说：“这个被大家忽略的角落，是我们的小天地。
”在那里，每一个被磨损的角落都充满了我们的欢声笑语。
5. 被表扬的时刻总是让人兴奋得像中了彩票一样。
我的弟弟，他是个很努力的孩子。
上次他在学校因为一篇作文被老师表扬了。
那篇作文就像是一颗被精心打磨的宝石，在众多作文里脱颖而出。
老师说：“这篇作文写得非常好，用词准确，情感真挚。
”弟弟回来后，高兴得又蹦又跳，他说：“被老师表扬的感觉太棒了，我以后要写得更好！”被认可真的能给人带来无限的动力啊。
6. 被忽视的人就像角落里的灰尘，不被人在意。
定语从句.被动语态
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
定语从句和被动语态
定语从句一. 定语从句的三个概念1. 定语从句: 修饰一个名词或代词的句子/ 用来做定语的句子叫定语从句2. 关系词: 引出定语从句的词叫关系词3. 先行词: 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
二. 关系词在从句中代替先行词1. 关系词本身没有词义, 代替先行词的词义2. 必须充当定语从句中的一个成分3. 根据它在定语从句中所充当的成分将引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词三. 关系词的选择引导定语从句的关系代词有: who, whom, whose, that, which, as等，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分1. 先行词是人时的三种情况:(1) 先行词是人, 从句中缺少主语时, 用who或that作从句的主语e.g. I have a friend who/ that likes listening to classic music.注意：1) 当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those, people 等指人时, 一般用who, 不用thate.g. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.2) 在以疑问词who开头的句子中, 或关系代词在从句中作表语时, 用that, 不用whoe.g. Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.3) 在there be 句型中, 先行词是人, 只能用whoe.g. There are many people who are singing.(2) 先行词是人, 从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时, 用whom或that (介词后不用that)e.g. The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it.The teacher wants to return the book to the girl (whom/ that) he borrowed it from.(3) 先行词是人, 从句中缺少定语时, 用whosee.g. Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?2. 先行词是物时的三种情况:(1) 先行词是物, 从句中缺少主语时, 用that, which e.g. You’d better not drink water which /that has not been boiled.(2) 先行词是物, 从句中缺少动词宾语或介词宾语时, 用which或that, 注意介词后不用thate.g. This is the house in which once Lu Xun lived .This is the house (which/ that) once Lu Xun lived in.(3) 先行词是物, 且从句中缺少定语时, 用whose或the+名词+of which的结构e.g. We study in the classroom whose door / the door of which faces south.3.下列情况下, 只用that, 不用which引导定语从句(1) 先行词是不定代词, 如all, none, little, few, much, one, some, anything, nothingeverything, something等e.g. Is there anything that you want?(2) 先行词被all, no, every, some, little, few, much, one of , the only, the very, the right, the same等所修饰时e.g. The only thing that he remembered was her name.(3) 先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时e.g. This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.She is the most beautiful girl that I had known.(4) 先行词中既有人又有物时e.g. They talked about the teachers and the things (that) they remembered in the school.(5) 以which开头的疑问句中, 多用that引导从句e.g. Which is your book that you always read.引导定语从句的关系副词有: when, where, why , 在定语从句中充当状语的成分, 即在从句中起副词和介词短语的作用1. Wheree.g. This is the house.I was born in the house.=This is the house where I was born. (where代替先行词house)=This is the house which / that / 不填I was born in.=This is the house in which I was born.2. whene.g. We’ll never forget the day.We joined the party on the day.= We’ll never forget the day when we joined the party.= We’ll never forget the day which / that/ 不填we joined the party on.= We’ll never forget the day on which we joined the party.3. whye.g. The reason why I am calling you is to invite you to a party.The reason is that I want to invite you to a party. (表语从句)= The reason why I am calling you is that I want to invite you to a party.(既有定语从句又有表语从句)连接词在句子中的不同作用:e.g. Hangzhou is the place that is very famous. (主语)Hangzhou is the place which I will never forget. (宾语)Hangzhou is the place to which I went last summer. (介词宾语)Hangzhou is the place whose scenery is beautiful. (定语)Hangzhou is the place where I went last summer. (状语)由as 引导的定语从句1. as 引导限定性定语从句时, 先行词常用such和same修饰, as在从句中不省略e.g. We do the same work as they do.2. as 引导的非限定性定语从句，as代表整个主句的意义e.g. We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural.Taiwan, as is known to everyone, is a part of ChinaAs was usual with him, he went out for a walk after dinner.四. 定语从句与其他从句的区分：1. 定语从句与强调句的区分：（去掉it is/was和that 的部分, 若句子成立则为强调句）e.g. It was on that day that he left school. (强调句)2. 定语从句与结果状语从句的区分：（看连接词是不是在句中担当成分, 若担当则为定语从句）e.g. He is such a kind person as everybody likes. (定语从句)He is such a kind person that everybody likes him. (结果状语从句)3. 定语从句与同位语从句的区分：（看连接词是不是在句中担当成分, 若不担当而只表示前面名词的具体内容则为同位语从句）e.g. The news that he had passed the exam surprised us. (同位语从句)The news that we heard surprised us. (定语从句)五. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句时介词或关系代词的选择：1. 介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配e.g. The farm on which I once worked is very beautiful.2. 介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配：e.g. Who is the man with whom our teacher is talking?3. 介词与从句中的形容词是一种习惯性搭配e.g. Ours is a great country, of which we are proud.4. 表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时, 用介词ofe.g. I was given three books on cooking, the first of which I really enjoyed.There are over 100 teachers, sixth percent of whom are women.定语从句考点分析1. The best work ______ Lu Xun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.A. which; thatB. that; ×C. ×; thatD. ×; ×析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。
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定语从句综合练习一、根据句意，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:1. The pencil ______________ he was writing broke.2. The two things __________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some idioms of English.3. Wu Dong, ______________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. Her bag, ______________ she put all her books, has not been found.5．I have many friends , ______________ some are businessmen .6. The stories about the Long March, ______________ this is one example, are well written.7. The man ______________ you talked just now is a worker.8. The English play ___________ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.二句型比较1. ①The place you visited during your holidays is where I used to be for yearsA whereB whichC in which D．to which②The place you stayed for 3 years is where an ancient city used to be.A whereB whichC thatD to which2.①The day she spent with us was never to be forgotten.A．/ B．on which C when D．in which②The day she played with us was never to be forgotten.A. thatB. whenC. whichD. /3.①The reason she gave up teaching was that she was seriously ill．A for thatB for whatC which D．why②The reason he gave me is quite shocking.A thatB for whichC whichD for that4. ① Is this the factory you visited last week?A whereB which C. to which D. in which② Is this factory you visited last week?A. that B which C in which D. the one5. ① The house window faces south is for the doctor.A. whichB. thatC. whoseD. of which② The house the window faces south is for the doctor.A. of whichB. whoseC. whichD. where6.①That is one of those books that ____ worth reading.A. isB. areC. hasD. have②This is the only one of the students whose handwriting ____ the best.A. isB. areC. hasD. have三．改错1．Is this the book your father bought it for you?2．They are talking about the people and the things which they saw on their way home．3．This is the very thing which I can tell you．4．Shanghai is the biggest city，that has a population of more than ten million．5．Who is the man who is speaking to your mother?6．He has written a book, the name of it I have forgotten．7．Is this the city where you visited last year?8．This is the boy his handwriting is the best in our class9．He has three sons，two of them are music lovers．10．As you know it，he has left for America．四. 单项选择1. The woman ____ is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which2. Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as3. Do you remember those days ____ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who4. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera ____ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as5 In fact the Swede did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which6. Finally, the thief handed over everything ____ he had stolen to the police.A. thatB. whichC. whateverD. all7. The foreign guests, ____ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those8. Nearby were two canoes(独木舟) ____ they had come to the island.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /9. Jack is pleased with ____ you have given him and all ____ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which10. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single p erson ____ she could turn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whomD. form whom11. This is the factory ____ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which12. They stayed with me three weeks, ____ they drank all the wine I had.A. whichB. which timeC. during which timeD. during which13. I’ve finished writing the novel, ____ is to be published next month.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when14. ____ is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. WhatB. AsC. ThatD. Which15. It is the first time ____ I have come to your city.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when被动语态综合练习被动语态的八种基本形式一般现在时_____________________________________________________________________ 一般过去时_____________________________________________________________________ 一般将来时_____________________________________________________________________ 过去将来时_____________________________________________________________________ 现在进行时_____________________________________________________________________ 过去进行时_____________________________________________________________________ 现在完成时_____________________________________________________________________ 过去完成时_____________________________________________________________________*动词主动表示被动的用法1、need，want，require(要求，需要)，be worth，后面接doing主动表被动。