自考_pdf
自考英语二课文（大学英语自学教程上册）.pdf
大学英语自学教程（上）电子版大学英语自学教程(上)01-A. How to be a successful language learner?“Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!”Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as much as you can in the new language.”“Practice speaking the language every day. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don’t translate-try to think in the new language.”“Learn as a child would learn; play with the language.”But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusion s. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.1大学英语自学教程（上）电子版Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.01-B. LanguageWhen we want to tell other people what we think, we can do it not only with the help of words, but also in many other ways. For instance, we sometimes move our heads up and down when we want to say "yes” and we move our head s from side to side when we want to say "no." People who can neither hear nor speak (that is, deaf and dumb people) talk to each other with the help of their fingers. People who do not understand each other's language have to do the same. The following story shows how they sometimes do it.An Englishman who could not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy. One day he entered a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, the Englishman opened his mouth, put his fingers in it, took them out again and moved his lips. In this way he meant to say, "Bring me something to eat." The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didn't want tea, so he took it away and brought him some coffee. The Englishman, who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty, looked very sad. He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink. The waiter brought him wine, then beer, then soda-water, but that wasn’t food, of course. He was just going to leave the restaurant when another traveler came in. When this man saw the waiter, he put his hands on his stomach. That was enough: in a few minutes there was a large plate of macaroni and meat on the table before him.As you see, the primitive language of signs is not always very clear. The language of words is much more exact.2大学英语自学教程（上）电子版Words consist of sounds, but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words. For example, we may say "Sh-sh-sh” when we mean "keep silent.” When babi es laugh, we know they are happy, and when they cry, we know they are ill or simply want something.It is the same with animals. When a dog says “G-r-r” or a cat says "F-f-f” we know they are angry.But these sounds are not language. Language consists of words which we put together into sentences. But animals can not do this: a dog can say “G-r-r” when he means "I am angry,” but he cannot say first "I” and then "am” and then "angry.” A parrot can talk like a man; it can repeat whole sentences and knows what they mean. We may say that a parrot talks, but cannot say that it really speaks, because it cannot form new sentences out of the words it knows. Only man has the power to do this.02-A. Taxes, Taxes, and More TaxesAmericans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes, Americans do not have a corner on the "death" market, but many people feel that the United States leads the world with the worst taxes.Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal, state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes.Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government has a graduated income tax, that is, the percentage of the tax (14 to 70 percent) increases as a person's income increases. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due.The second tax is for the state government: New York, California, North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state. For example, a person3大学英语自学教程（上）电子版might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax of eight percent in that state, then the cost of the cigarettes is twenty-seven cents. This figure includes the sales tax. Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues. The state tax laws are diverse and confusing.The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax (people who own a home have to pay taxes on it) and excise tax, which is charged on cars in a city. The cities use these funds for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings.Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high.02-B. AdvertisingAdvertising is only part of the total sales effort, but it is the part that attracts the most attention. This is natural enough because advertising is designed for just that purpose. In newspapers, in magazines, in the mail, on radio and television, we constantly see and hear the messages for hundreds of different products and services. For the most part, they are the kinds of things that we can be persuaded to buy – food and drinks, cars and television sets, furniture and clothing, travel and leisure time activities.The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad. Every day the newspapers carry a few pages of these ads; in the large Sunday editions there may be several sections of them. A classified ad is usually only a few lines long. It is really a notice or announcement that something is available.Newspapers also carry a large amount of display advertising. Most of it is for stores or for various forms of entertainment. Newspapers generally reach an audience only in a limited area. To bring their message to a larger audience, many who want to put out their ads use national magazines. Many of the techniques of modern advertising were developed in magazine ads. The use of bright colors, attractive pictures, and short messages is all characteristic of magazine ads. The most important purpose is to catch the eye. The message itself is usually short, often no4大学英语自学教程（上）电子版more than a slogan which the public identifies with the product.The same techniques have been carried over into television advertising. Voices and music have been added to color and pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye. Television ads are short –usually only 15,30, or 60 seconds, but they are repeated over and over again so that the audience sees and hears them many times. Commercial television has mixed entertainment and advertising. If you want the entertainment, you have to put up with the advertising-and millions of people want the entertainment.The men and women in the sales department are responsible for the company’s advertising, They must decide on the audience they want to reach. They must also decide on the best way to get their message to their particular audience. They also make an estimate of the costs before management approves the plan. In most large companies management is directly involved in planning the advertising.03-A. The Atlantic OceanThe Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. One idea was that it reached out to "the edge of the world." Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it is still very large. It is more than 4,000 miles (6,000 km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2, 000 miles (3,200 km) wide. This narrowest place is between the bulge of south America and the bulge of Africa.Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so large an ocean it has very few islands. Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean.There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers. It would take the ocean about 4,000 years to dry up. On the average the water is a little more than two miles (3.2 km) deep, but in places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This "deep"5大学英语自学教程（上）电子版30, 246 feet - almost six miles (9.6 km).One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises the floor of the Atlantic. This mountain range runs north and south down the middle of the ocean. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make islands. The Azores are the tops of peaks in the mid-Atlantic mountain range.Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.Ocean currents are sometime called "rivers in the sea." One of these "river" in the Atlantic is called the Gulf Stream. It is a current of warm water. Another is the Labrador Current - cold water coming down from the Arctic. Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores. One of its most famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is not, however, always a smooth and safe one. Storms sweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it. A fast modern steamship can make the trip in less than four days. Airplanes fly from New York to London in only eight hours and from South America to Africa in four!03-B. The MoonWe find that the moon is about 239,000 miles (384,551km) away from the earth, and, to within a few thousand miles, its distance always remains the same. Yet a very little observation shows that the moon is not standing still. Its distance from the earth remains the same, but its direction continually changes. We find that it is traveling in a circle - or very nearly a circle - round the earth, going completely round once a month, or, more exactly, once every 27 1/3 days. It is our nearest neighbour in space, and like ourselves it is kept tied to the earth by the earth's6大学英语自学教程（上）电子版gravitational pull.Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky. Actually it is one of the smallest, and only looks big because it is so near to us. Its diameter is only 2, 160 miles (3,389 km), or a little more than a quarter of the diameter of the earth.Once a month, or, more exactly, once every 29 1/2 days, at the time we call "full moon," its whole disc looks bright. At other times only part of it appears bright, and we always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark. Artists could make their pictures better if they kept in mind -- only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright. This shows that the moon gives no light of its own. It merely reflects the light of the sun, like a huge mirror hung in the sky.Yet the dark part of the moon’s surface is not absolutely black; generally it is just light enough for us to be able to see its outline, so that we speak of seeing "the old moon in the new moon's arms." The light by which we see the old moon does not come from the sun, but from the earth. we knows well how the surface of the sea or of snow, or even of a wet road, may reflect uncomfortably much of the sun's light on to our faces. In the same way the surface of the whole earth reflects enough of the sun's light on to the face of the moon for us to be able to see the parts of it which would otherwise be dark.If there were any inhabitants of the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light of the sun, again like a huge mirror hung in the sky. They would speak of earthlight just as we speak of moonlight. "The old moon in the new moon's arms" is nothing but that part of the moon's surface on which it is night, lighted up by earth light. In the same way, the lunar inhabitants would occasionally see part of our earth in full sunlight, and the rest lighted only by moonl ight; they might call this "the old earth in the new earth's arms.”04-A. Improving Your MemoryPsychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory: meaningfulness, organization, association, and visualization. It is useful to know how these principles work.Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. Information that does not make any sense to7大学英语自学教程（上）电子版you is difficult to remember. There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. Many people, for instance, learn a rhyme to help them remember. Do you know the rhyme “Thirty days has September, April, June, and November…? ” It helps many people remember which months of the year have 30 days.Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. One example of organization is chunking. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467,13,63. Categorizing is another means of organization. Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of words: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat, chair. Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk. Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. In memorizing a number, you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events. For example, the height of Mount Fuji in Japan - 12, 389 feet - might be remembered using the following associations: 12 is the number of months in the year, and 389 is the number of days in a year(365) added to the number of months twice (24).The last principle is visualization. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetition to learn the words. Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.04-B. Short-term MemoryThere are two kinds of memory: shore-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days8大学英语自学教程（上）电子版mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.05-A. Fallacies about FoodMany primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they could get some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory. Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. Tomatoes also were believed to have magical powers. They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate them fall in love.Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up - the idea that they were poisonous. How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II.Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. Some of them are very widespread.One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is good brain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food. But no one has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a good idea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.10大学英语自学教程（上）电子版Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation have to do with mixtures of foods. A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible. As a matter of fact, milk always meets in the stomach a digestive juice which curdles it; the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination.Still another wrong idea about mixing foods is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal. Many people think of bread, for example, as a carbohydrate food. It is chiefly a carbohydrate food, but it also contains proteins. In the same way, milk, probably the best single food, contains both proteins and carbohydrates. It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.05-B. Do Animals Think?The question has often been asked, Do animals think? I believe that some of them think a great deal. Many of them are like children in their sports. We notice this to be true very often with dogs and cats; but it is true with other animals as well.Some birds are very lively in their sports; and the same is true with some insects. The ants, hardworking as they are, have their times for play. They run races; they wrestle; and sometimes they have mock fights together. Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports.There are many animals, however, that never play; their thoughts seem to be of the more sober kind. We never see frogs engaged in sport. They all the time appear to be very grave. The same is true of the owl, who always looks as if he were considering some important question.Animals think much while building their houses. The bird searches for what it can use in building its nest, and in doing this it thinks. The beavers think as they build their dams and their houses. They think in getting their materials, and also in arranging them, and in plastering them together with mud. Some spiders build houses which could scarcely have been made except by11大学英语自学教程（上）电子版some thinking creature.As animals think, they learn. Some learn more than others. The parrot learns to talk, though in some other respects it is quite stupid. The mocking bird learns to imitate a great many different sounds. The horse is not long in learning many things connected with the work which he has to do. The shepherd dog does not know as much about most things as some other dogs , and yet he understands very well how to take care of sheep.Though animals think and learn, they do not make any real improvement in their ways of doing things, as men do. Each kind of bird has its own way of building a nest, and it is always the same way. And so of other animals. They have no new fashions, and learn none from each other. But men, as you know, are always finding new ways of building houses, and improved methods of doing almost all kinds of labor.Many of the things that animals know how to do they seem to know either without learning, or in some way which we cannot understand. They are said to do such things by instinct; but no one can tell what instinct is. It is by this instinct that birds build their nests and beavers their dam and huts. If these things were all planned and thought out just as men plan new houses. there would be some changes in the fashions of them, and some improvements.I have spoken of the building instinct of beavers. An English gentleman caught a young one and put him at first in a cage. After a while he let him out in a room where there was a great variety of things. As soon as he was let out he began to exercise his building instinct. He gathered together whatever he could find, brushes, baskets, boots, clothes, sticks, bits of coal, etc., and arranged them as if to build a dam. Now, if he had had his wits about him, he would have known that there was no use in building a dam where there was no water.It is plain that, while animals learn about things by their senses as we do, they do not think nearly as much about what they learn, and this is the reason why they do not improve more rapidly. Even the wisest of them, as the elephant and the dog, do not think very much about what they see and hear. Nor is this all. There are some thing that we understand, but about which animals know nothing. They have no knowledge of anything that happens outside of their own observation. Their minds are so much unlike ours that they do not know the difference between right and wrong.12Comment [zzg6]: No matter how (what, who, when, where ,whether/if)大学英语自学教程（上）电子版young or old, large or small, traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is. It is that feeling of belonging, of love and security that comes from living together, helping and sharing.There are basically two types of families: nuclear families and extended families. The nuclear family usually consists of two parents (mother and father) and their children. The mother and father form the nucleus, or center, of the nuclear family. The children stay in the nuclear family until they grow up and marry. Then form new nuclear families.The extended family is very large. There are often many nuclear families in one extended family. An extended family includes children parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, and cousins. The members of an extended family are related by blood (grandparent, parents, children, brothers, sisters, etc.) or by marriage (husbands, wives, mothers-in-law, etc). They are all related, so the members of an extended family are called relatives.Traditionally, all the members of an extended family lived in the same area. However, with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work. In industrial societies today, the members of most nuclear families live together, but most extended families do not live together. Therefore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family as the society industrializes.In post-industrial societies like the United States, even the nuclear family is changing. The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children, and the number of childless families is increasing. Traditionally, the father of a nuclear family earned money for the family while the mother cared for the house and the children. Today more than 50% of the nuclear families in the United States are two-earner families – both the father and the mother earn money for the family – and in a few families the mother earns the money while the father takes care of the house and the children. Many nuclear families are also “splitting up” –more and more parents are getting divorced.What will be the result of this “splitting” of the nuclear family? Social scientists now talk of two new family forms: the single parent family and the remarried family. Almost 20% of all American families are single parent families, and in 85% of these families the single parent is the mother. Most single parents find it very difficult to take care of a family alone, so they soon marry again and form remarried families. As social scientists study these two new family form, they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age.16。
自考本全部试题及答案
自考本全部试题及答案单项选择1谈判的内在动力是（A）A需求B C D 2商务谈判追求的目的是(D)A B C D互惠的经济利益3以下哪种谈判时既理性有富有人情色彩的谈判(D)A B C D价值型谈判4什么是我们在进行经济磋商过程中的出发点和总结点（C）A B C谈判目标D 5以历史的联系和经验，过去的原则和规范来影响和制约现在，力图是现在变为过去的继续和再现的思维方法称为（C）A B C反馈思维D 6根据各国的礼仪和法律，售往下面哪个国家的物品必须有英法对照（B）A B加拿大C D 7与哪个国家的人谈生意应该特别注意级别对等观念（D）A B C D英国8“您刚才所讲的没有变化，这是不是指我们的合作方式”该提问用于（A）A澄清式法9在所有可能导致谈判僵局中谈判主题产生最高频率是（C）A B C价格D 10价格形式除固定价格还有浮动价格和(C)A B C期货价D 11“贵方如果违约，必须承担责任”是(D)A B C D诱发式发问12商品交换最典型的是（D）A B C D有偿形式13谈判,,,,,,,,双赢14商务谈判的核心是价格15按谈判中双方所采取的态度，可将谈判硬型谈判，原则型谈判和（A）A软型谈判B C D 16我们在磋商过程中的出发点和归结点是（A）A谈判目标B C D 17横纵思维的共同点是（D）A B C D比较18根据各国的礼仪和禁忌，哪个国家忌用人头像作为商品装潢（A）A英国B C D 19哪国商人惯用横向式谈判方式进行谈判（A）A法国B C D 20在国际商务谈判中，报价是把最低报价列在价格表上，以求吸引买主兴趣是哪种报价（B）A B日本式报价C D 21下面形式谈判僵局中，哪个是最主要的成因（A）A立场观点的争执B C D 22商务风险从微观上可分为纯风险和（D）A B C D投机风险23谈判中讨价还价集中体现在（B）A B辩C D 24“典型合同”有称为（B）A B有名合同C D 25商务谈判的典型特征是（C）A B C以经济利益为目的D 26在谈判中把任何情况都视为一场意志力的竞争和搏斗的人属于（B）A B立场型谈判者C D 27负责对交易交递物品质量的是（B）A B技术主谈人C D 28收敛思维是以（C）A B C集中为特点的思维方式D 29根据各国的礼仪和禁忌，（D）的谈判过程中常表明态度。
2024年4月 行政管理学 00277 自考真题
2024年4月行政管理学自考真题课程代码：00277一、单项选择题：本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1.主张行政管理中政府要加强与社会、企业和公民的合作且与它们共同治理公共事务的理论是A．新公共管理理论B．政府治理理论C．新公共行政理论D．新公共服务理论2.梅奥根据“霍桑”实验结果提出A．“社会人”理论假设B．“经济人”理论假设C．“自由人”理论假设D．“理性人”理论假设3.根据雷格斯提出的行政理论模型，与衍射型行政模式对应的社会形态是A．农业社会B．信息社会C．过渡型社会D．工业社会4.从根本上决定着一个国家或地区社会生产能力的是A．经济力量B．科技发展水平C．经济体制D．社会经济结构5.下列不属于联邦制国家的是A．美国B．巴西C．日本D.印度6.我国中央与地方在财政关系上正式开始实行分税制的年份是A.1991年B.1992年C.1993年D.1994年7.下列不属于任务性行政职能的是A．协调职能B．经济职能C．社会管理职能D．政治职能8.主张“政府对经济生活全面干预”的学者是A．西蒙B．林德布洛姆C．凯恩斯D．奥斯特罗姆9.改革开放以来第一次规模较大的机构改革发生在A．1979年B．1980年C．1981年D．1982年10.国家行政管理机构依法在一定区域内设立的分支机构或代表机构是A．派出机构B．咨询机构C．执行机构D．办事机构11.信访工作属于A．人事行政B．机关行政C.后勤行政D．财务行政12.教育管理属于A．公共事业管理B．民政与社会福利事务C．文体管理D．科技管理13.行政组织行为的本质是执行国家意志，实现国家稳定，这体现了行政组织行为的A．法制性B．持续性C．政治性D．系统相关性14.“在执行一项任务的不同阶段，采取不同的授权方式”属于A．充分授权B．不充分授权C．弹性授权D．制约授权15.行政沟通过程的第一个阶段是A．确定发送信息的时间B．发送者选择信息传递的媒介C．接收者接受信息D．信息发送者意愿的形成16.决策人员对于组织长期目标、政策和发展方向作出的事前安排属于A．战略计划B.战斗计划C.短期计划D．战术计划17.下列属于经济手段特点的是A．权威性B．有偿性C．强制性D．规范性18.政府间的电子政务不包括A．电子公文系统B．电子办公系统C．电子采购与招标D.电子培训系统19.下列属于行政道德规范基本功能的是A.组织与协调功能B．规范与控制功能C．改革与稳定功能D．示范与激励功能20.行政道德规范一旦形成就难以变更，体现了它的A．相对稳定性B.自律性C．层级性D．强制性21.下列属于经济绩效指标的是A．儿童入学率B．人均绿化面积C．社会就业率D．公务员数量22.在绩效评估指标中，4E指标相较于3E指标增加的是A．经济评估指标B．公平评估指标C．效率评估指标D．效益评估指标23.从行政发展的动因来看，为数不少的发展中国家普遍采用A.内源式发展模式B.外源式发展模式C．依赖型发展模式D．授权式发展模式24.下列属于行政发展的外在推动因素的是A.文化因素B．行政组织的演化C．组织分工的细化D.行政制度的惯性25.政府内部改革人士的推动属于A.行政发展的外部动力B．行政发展的外部阻力C.行政发展的内部动力D．行政发展的内部阻力二、多项选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。
2022年10月00467《课程与教学论》自考真题附答案
2022年10月00467《课程与教学论》自考真题附答案一、选择题1.最早比较完整地确立课程研究领域的国家是A英国B日本C澳大利亚D美国参考答案：D截至20世纪20年代上半叶，课程这一研究领域才最先在美国比较完整地确立起来。
博比特与查特斯等人的课程开发理论与实践，开启了“课程开发的科学化运动”，他们的课程理论也因而被称为“科学化课程开发理论”。
P42.被认为是科学化课程开发理论的集大成者的课程学者是A泰勒B泰罗C查特斯D博比特参考答案：A拉尔夫·泰勒(RalphTyler)，美国著名教育学家、课程理论专家、评价理论专家。
他是现代课程理论的重要奠基者，是科学化课程开发理论的集大成者。
由于泰勒对教育评价理论、课程理论的卓越贡献，他因而被誉为“现代评价理论之父”、“现代课程理论之父”。
P93.学术中心课程的基本特征有学术性、结构性和A基础性B全面性C专门性D权威性参考答案：C所谓“学术中心课程”，是指以专门的学术领域为核心开发的课程。
“学术”(discipline)一词是两种含义的统一：一是“组织起来的知识领域”，由基本概念、基本原理构成；二是“该知识领域的探究方法”。
基本概念、基本原理与相应的探究方法的统一又称为“学术(科)结构”，因此，“学术中心课程”亦可称为“结构课程”。
“学术中心课程”有三个基本特征，即学术性、专门性、结构性。
P144.在施瓦布看来，“实践性课程”的中心是A教师B学生C教材D环境参考答案：B教师和学生是课程的主体和创造者，其中学生是“实践性课程”的中心。
P175.提出“在儿童时期学习的东西中，还需要抛弃那些不适合于我们天然的兴趣的东西，而且要把学习的范围限制于我们的本能促使我们去寻求的知识。
”这个观点的著作是A《爱弥儿》B《大教学论》C《理想国》D《普通教育学》参考答案：A这个观点的著作是《论教育》(Emile,or OnEducation)，作者是法国启蒙思想家卢梭(Jean-Jacques Rousseau)。
《管理信息系统》02382自考实践大纲.pdf
《管理信息系统》实践指导实践考核大纲一、考核目标《管理信息系统》是为自考工程造价管理专业（本科）学生开设的专业课。
通过学习本课程，能使学生在已学了相关专业课的基础上，将已有的专业知识与计算机应用知识结合起来，通过实践考核，掌握管理信息系统的开发过程和开发方法，获得对管理信息系统分析、设计和实现的初步能力。
二、考核依据教材教材：杨一平马慧主编，《管理信息系统》，课程代码：02382，经济科学出版社，2007年版三、考核方式及成绩评定标准1、学生在规定时间内按照要求使用相关开发工具完成管理信息系统的分析、设计及实现。
教师根据完成情况进行评议并给出具体的成绩。
2、考试时间为90分钟，题目完成后，要求提交实验结果与实验报告。
实验结果按试卷题目要求保存在相应文件夹中。
3、实验报告内容要求如下：（1）实验过程（描述实验的步骤和构思）；（2）实验结果（实验结果保存位置、文件名等）。
4、评分标准（1）实验报告书写规范程度（10%）（2）实验结果保存位置正确性（10%）（3）实验过程合理化程度（20%）（4）实验结果与题意的符合程度（60%）四、考核内容考生通过实践应掌握管理信息系统分析、设计的基本原则和基本方法。
具体考核内容包括：（1）数据表的设计及建立；（2）菜单的设计及建立；（3）输入、输出及统计分析模块的设计及实现；（4）系统测试及系统集成的基本方法。
五、实践考核要求1.掌握关系数据模型；E-R图分析工具；实用数据库Access基础2.掌握构造系统的数据流程图3.理解建立系统的模块结构图4.能够以某高校图书馆管理信息系统开发案例和学生教学管理系统案例，作参考设计其它管理信息系统考核方案考核基本项目为：（1）平时出勤情况考核；（2）平时实验成绩考核；（3）实验考核成绩；（4）实验报告考核（选择部分实验内容作为考核）。
流程为：平时点名——实验课实验结果检查——综合性实验考试——实验报告考察。
2024年4月自考00469教育学原理真题及答案解析
2024年4月自考00469教育学原理真题及答案解析单选 :1、中国教育学的本土化在20世纪二三十年代就已经开始了。
其中，倡导生活教育理论并进行乡村教育实践的教育家是A、陶行知B、晏阳初C、蔡元培D、陈鹤琴正确答案：A答案解析：陶行知倡导生活教育理论并进行乡村教育实践单选 :2、中国封建社会学校教育的主要内容是A、六艺B、七艺C、四书五经D、骑士七技正确答案：C答案解析：中国封建社会学校教育的主要内容是四书五经。
四书指的是：《论语》《孟子》《大学》《中庸》。
五经包括：《诗经》《尚书》《礼记》《易经》《春秋》。
单选 :3、根据皮亚杰对儿童认知发展阶段的划分，中学生的认知水平一般处于A、感觉运动阶段B、前运算阶段C、具体运算阶段D、形式运算阶段正确答案：D答案解析：瑞士著名心理学家皮亚杰（Jean Piaget，1896-1980）是认知发展理论的代表人物。
该理论把儿童认知的发展分为四个主要时期：感觉运动时期（婴儿期或从出生〜2岁）；前运算时期（2〜7岁）；具体运算时期（7〜11岁）；形式运算时期（11岁〜成年期）。
单选 :4、党的二十大报告强调，实施科教兴国战略，强化现代化建设人才支撑。
这主要反映的教育的社会功能是A、生态功能B、本体功能C、文化功能D、经济功能正确答案：D答案解析：现代教育的经济功能主要表现在以下三个方面：（一）训练与选择劳动力（二）生产科学技术（三）直接创造经济价值；党的二十大报告强调，实施科教兴国战略，强化现代化建设人才支撑。
这主要反映的教育的社会功能是经济功能。
单选 :5、“教育是管理人员和体力劳动者之间的关卡。
它对前者是获得闲职的凭证，而使后者不得不从事生产性劳动，绝了往上爬的念头。
”这反映的教育与社会关系的理论是A、功能性理论B、再生产理论C、文凭社会理论D、维持不平等理论正确答案：C答案解析：文凭社会理论是美国社会学家柯林斯在其《文凭社会：教育与分层的历史社会学》（1977）一书中提出的。
2022年10月自考本科(00015)英语二真题及答案参考pfd
2022年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(二)试卷(课程代码：00015)本试卷共8页。
满分100分，考试时间150分钟。
考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。
答在试卷上无效，试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。
2.第一、二部分在“选择题答题区”作答。
必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡的相应代码涂黑。
3.第三、七部分在“非选择题答题区”作答。
必须注明大、小题号，使用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。
4.合理安排答题空间，超出答题区域无效。
选择题区第一部分：阅读判断(第1~10题，每题I分，共10分)下面的短文后列出了10个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断:如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C。
在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。
Lacking in Self-Esteem(自尊)?Good for you!According to psychological and educational theories,self-esteem is essential for a successful life.Generations of children,especially minority kids,have been educated according to the theory(that they lack self-esteem),and that this deficiency is central to any problems(they may have in making their way in the world).Well,guess what?A new research has found that self-esteem can be just as high among grade D students and drunk drivers as it is among Nobel Prize winners and former presidents.In fact,people with high self-esteem can engage in,far more anti-social behavior than those with low self-esteem.“Wc used to believe that high self-cstcem would cause all sorts of positive conscquences and that if we raised self-esteem,people would do better in life,”a researcher said.“Mostly,the data have failed to support that.”Racists,street thugs and school bullies all have high scores on the self-esteem tests.And you can see why.If you think you’re highly gifted,you’re particularly offended if other people don’t treat you that way.So you hit out or commit crimes to defend your pride.After all,who are they to suggest that you could be doing something wrong?What do they know?Self-esteem can also be an educational concern.College teachers are constantly complaining about the high self-esteem of their students.When every grade in the school is assessed so as to，make the kid feel good rather than to give an accurate measure of his work,the kid can develop self-esteem dangerously unrelated to the truth.When he’s told he is getting a C grade in college,he can then get deeply offended or extremely angry.Weak professors give in to the pressure–hence, grade inflation,which results in their students’vague touch with reality.1.It is believed that minority kids often have self-esteem problem.A.TrueB.False2.A new research shows that high self-esteem is essential to success.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given3.Parents are responsible for their children’s self-esteem.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given4.Anti-social behavior is related to low self-esteem.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given5.Racists have low self-esteem.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given6.People with high self-esteem are hurt more easily.A.TrueB.False7.College students are faced with high economic pressure.A.True.B.FalseC.Not Given8.College teachers are often annoyed with students’high self-esteem.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given9.High grades help students know the truth of themselves.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given10.Some college students may find a C grade offending.A.TrueB.FalseC.Not Given第二部分：阅读选择(第11~15题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置.上将该项涂黑。
现代语言学自考 pdf
现代语言学自考一、语言学基础语言学基础是现代语言学自考的重要组成部分，主要包括语言学的定义、语言学的研究对象、语言学的分支学科等内容。
学生需要掌握语言学的基本概念、基本理论和基本方法，为后续深入学习打下坚实的基础。
二、语音学与音系学语音学与音系学是研究语言的发音、音素、音节、音韵等规律的学科。
学生需要掌握语音的发音机制、音素的分类与区别、音节的结构与变化、音韵的规则与变化等内容，能够正确地分析和描述语言的语音现象。
三、形态学形态学是研究语言中词汇的构成与变化的学科。
学生需要掌握词素、词根、词缀等基本概念，了解词汇的构成方式与变化规律，能够正确地分析和描述语言的词汇现象。
四、句法学句法学是研究语言的句子结构与变化的学科。
学生需要掌握句子的基本结构、句法规则、句型变化等内容，能够正确地分析和描述语言的句子结构现象。
五、语义学语义学是研究语言中词汇和句子的意义与变化的学科。
学生需要掌握语义的基本概念、语义关系、语义变化等内容，能够正确地分析和描述语言的语义现象。
六、语用学语用学是研究语言在实际运用中的意义与功能的学科。
学生需要掌握语境、话语、交际等基本概念，了解语言在实际运用中的功能与意义，能够正确地分析和描述语言的语用现象。
七、社会语言学社会语言学是研究语言与社会因素的相互关系的学科。
学生需要掌握社会因素对语言的影响、语言的社会功能与变化等内容，能够正确地分析和描述语言的社会现象。
八、第二语言习得研究第二语言习得研究是研究人们如何学习第二语言的学科。
学生需要掌握第二语言学习的过程、影响因素、学习方法等内容，能够正确地分析和描述第二语言学习的现象。
九、语言习得理论语言习得理论是研究人们如何习得语言的学科。
学生需要掌握语言习得的基本理论、习得机制、习得过程等内容，能够正确地分析和描述语言习得的现象。
十、认知语言学认知语言学是研究语言与认知关系的学科。
学生需要掌握认知的基本概念、认知语言学的理论与方法等内容，能够正确地分析和描述语言与认知的关系。
2023年10月自考00322中国行政史试题及答案
2023年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试中国行政史(课程代码00322)注意事项:1.本试卷分为两部分,第一部分为选择题,第二部分为非选择题。
2、应考者必须按试题顺序在答题卡(纸)指定位置上作答,答在试卷上无效。
3.涂写部分、画图部分必须使用2B铅笔,书写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔。
第一部分选择题一、单项选择题:本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的,请将其选出。
1.中国古代王位的嫡长子继承制确立于A.夏朝B.商朝C.周朝D.秦朝2.西周时期,天子向诸侯、诸侯向卿大夫“授民授疆土”以建立邦国的政治经济制度称为A.世卿世禄制B.分封制C.内外服制D.乡遂制度3.秦汉时期,皇帝常通过各种会议决策一些重大问题。
其中,由皇帝与个别大臣商谈后作出决策的会议形式称为A.廷议B.会商C.集议D.商议4.魏晋南北朝时期呈现出贵族政治的特点,世家大族子弟获得官职和官员升迁的主要依据是A.考课B.才能C.门资D.军功5.隋唐尚书省下辖吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六部。
其中,处理吏、户、礼三部实际事务的是A.左丞B.右仆射C.左仆射D.右丞6.以“四善二十七最”作为官员考核标准的朝代是A.东晋B.隋朝C.唐朝D.宋朝7.五代时期各政权中枢机构中,掌握军政两方面决策大权,并拥有军务方面执行权的是A.尚书台B.枢密院C.中书门下D.三司使8.宋代设于首都、陪都、军政要冲以及皇帝即位以前居住或任职之地,和州同级的地方行政机构是A.府B.军C.监D.镇9.辽朝南面官中最重要的机构是A.尚书省B.翰林院C.汉人枢密院D.中书省10.金朝的路采取分权而治的制度,其中掌管财政的是A.都总管府B.经略使司C.提刑使司D.转运使司11.元朝负责处理宗室、外戚和蒙古人诉讼事务的职能机构是A.度支监B.大宗正府C.太府监D.太仆寺12.明朝时期宰相制被废除后,取而代之的是A.内阁制B.六部制C.诸寺制D.司礼监制13.除实授官职外,清朝在任用官吏时,初任官先试用三年,称职后方实授职的方式称为A.兼职B.护理C.署职D.加衔14.清朝掌管皇族属籍、纂修“玉牒”、议叙或议处皇族官员、审理皇族内部诉讼案件的机构是A.宗人府B.理藩院C.内务府D.内阁15.光绪皇帝颁布“明定国是”诏书,宣布变法的时间是A.1898年3月B.1898年6月C.1898年9月D.1898年12月16.1912年3月11日以临时大总统名义正式公布的具有资产阶级宪法性质的法律文献是A.《中华民国约法》B.《资政新篇》C.《钦定宪法大纲》D.《中华民国临时约法》17.南京临时政府改革文书制度后,规定下级公署职员行文于上级公署职员及人民致公署职员者曰A.咨B.呈C.示D.令18.北洋军阀政府时期,被称为“超责任内阁”的是A.黎元洪内阁B.陆微祥内阁C.段祺瑞内阁D.徐世昌内阁19.北洋军阀统治时期,由大总统从合格人才中选任并在任命状上署名、盖印的是A.特任官B.荐任官C.简任官D.委任官20.南京国民政府的“考试院”成立于A.1929年B.1930年C.1931 年D.1932年21.南京国民政府时期设立的两个民族地方政府是A.蒙古和西藏B.蒙古和新疆C.西藏和新疆D.察哈尔和绥远22.工农民主政府的基层政权机关是A.村苏维埃B.县苏维埃C.区苏维埃D.乡(市)苏维埃23.抗日民主政权干部的福利待遇遵循两条基本原则,分别是不得高于熟练劳动者的所得收入和实行A.按劳分配B.公平公正C.俸以养廉D.无偿劳动24.我国少数民族区域第一个民主自治政府是A.内蒙古自治政府B.西藏自治政府C.新疆自治政府D.宁夏自治政府25.1948年11月,中共中央决定在新收复的大城市中成立的过渡性的政权组织形式是A.人民执行委员会B.国防委员会C.军事管制委员会D.大解放区人民政府二、多项选择题:本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分。
概率论与数理统计pdf版
试验人
n
nA
fn（A）
摩根
2048
1061
0.5181
蒲丰
4040
2048
0.5069
皮尔逊
12000
6019
0.5016
从上表可见，当试验次数 n 大量增加时，事件 A 发生的频率 fn（A）会稳定某一常数，我们称这一常数为频率的稳定值。 例如从上表可见抛硬币试验，正面出现的事件 A 的频率 fn（A）的稳定值大约是 0.5。
③AA=A
（3）差事件：事件 A 发生而且事件 B 不发生的事件叫事件 A 与事件 B 的差事件，记作（A-B）
例如，掷一次骰子，A=｛1，3，5｝；B=｛1，2，3｝，则 A-B=｛5｝
显然有性质：
①
②若
，则有 A-B=Φ
③A-B=A-AB
（4）互不相容事件：若事件 A 与事件 B 不能都发生，就说事件 A 与事件 B 互不相容（或互斥）即 AB=Φ
不可能事件：在一次试验中，一定不出现的事件叫不可能事件，而习惯用 φ 表示不可能事件。
例如，掷一次骰子，点数>6 的事件一定不出现，它是不可能事件。
（二）基本（随机）事件
随机试验的每一个可能出现的结果，叫基本随机事件，简称基本事件，也叫样本点，习惯用 ω 表示基本事件。
例如，掷一次骰子，点数 1，2，3，4，5，6 分别是基本事件，或叫样本点。
全部基本事件叫基本事件组或叫样本空间，记作 Ω，当然 Ω 是必然事件。
（三）随机事件的关系
（1）事件的包含：若事件 A 发生则必然导致事件 B 发生，就说事件 B 包含事件 A，记作
。
例如，掷一次骰子，A 表示掷出的点数≤2，B 表示掷出的点数≤3。∴A=｛1，2｝，B=｛1，2，3｝。
广东省2024年4月自考《艺术概论00504》试题及答案.pdf
00504 艺术概论2024 年4 月真题1、【单选题】《黄河大合唱》堪称中国近代音乐史上具有里程碑性质的音乐史诗，为其谱曲的是A: 洗星海B: 光未然C: 聂耳D: 李叔同答案：A2、【单选题】现代新诗《红烛》的创作者是A: 光未然B: 闻一多C: 闻立鹏D: 李叔同答案：B3、【单选题】著名的阿尔泰米拉洞穴壁画的发现地点是A: 法国B: 荷兰C: 西班牙D: 意大利答案：C4、【单选题】艺术历史继承性的最显著表现是A: 艺术内容B: 艺术形式C: 艺术流派D: 艺术个性答案：B5、【单选题】日常生活中，我们最常用的两种语言形式是A: 典籍语言和书信语言B: 笔记语言和书信语言C: 典籍语言和笔记语言D: 口头语言和文字语言6、【单选题】建筑艺术的重要特性是A: 表现性和抽象性B: 形式性和语言性C: 造型性和形式性D: 形态性与色彩性答案：A7、【单选题】音乐利用自然的音响作为物质手段，具有的特征是A: 抽象性和具象性B: 流动性和时间性C: 物质性和精神性D: 节奏性与形态性答案：B8、【单选题】“”有意味的形式观点的提出者是A: 乔治·科林伍德B: 苏珊·朗格C: 克莱夫·贝尔D: 爱德华·泰勒答案：C9、【单选题】戏剧最基本的情感符号是A: 语调B: 表情C: 情境D: 动作答案：D10、【单选题】绘画作品《大碗岛星期日的下午》的作者是A: 梵高B: 修拉C: 高更D: 莫奈答案：B11、【单选题】抽象表现主义的代表艺术家是B: 蒙克C: 夏加尔D: 劳申柏答案：A12、【单选题】下列作品不是毕加索创作的是A: 《亚威农少女们》B: 《人生》C: 《记忆的永恒》D: 《格尔尼卡》答案：C13、【单选题】“”波状线比任何线条都能够创造美的命题提出者是A: 威廉·贺加斯B: 克莱夫·贝尔C: 叶·查瓦茨卡D: 罗曼·罗兰答案：A14、【单选题】艺术最主要的社会功用是A: 审美功用B: 认识功用C: 社会组织功用D: 道德功用答案：A15、【单选题】下列绘画作品属于马蒂斯成熟期代表作的是A: 《呐喊》B: 《人生》C: 《舞蹈》D: 《生日》答案：C16、【多选题】根据物化结构的不同，把艺术形态划分为时间艺术、空间艺术和时空艺术，其中属于时间艺术的有A: 雕塑B: 绘画D: 文学E: 舞蹈答案：CD17、【多选题】中国四大古典小说包括A: 《聊斋志异》B: 《西游记》C: 《红楼梦》D: 《三国演义》E: 《水浒传》答案：BCDE18、【多选题】古希腊建筑的柱式体系有A: 科林斯柱式B: 塔司干柱式C: 爱奥尼亚柱式D: 多利斯柱式E: 混合柱式答案：ACD19、【多选题】认为艺术起源于人类表现和交流情感的需要的美学家有A: 乔治·科林伍德B: 苏珊·朗格C: 列·托尔斯泰D: 爱德华·泰勒E: 黑格尔答案：ABC20、【多选题】下列美术作品取材于圣经故事的有A: 《西斯廷圣母》B: 《大卫》C: 《维纳斯的诞生》D: 《创世纪》E: 《最后的晚餐》答案：ABDE21、【判断题】书法艺术的四要素是指：用笔、结体、_节奏_ 、风神B: 错误答案：B解析：×意态22、【判断题】_劳动_ 是艺术发生的主要动因。
2024年4月自考《00243民事诉讼法学》真题和答案
课程代码：00243一、单项选择题：本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1.下列选项中不属于民事检察监督原则实现方式的是A.依审判监督程序提出抗诉B.提出再审检察建议C.对法院行使民事执行权的合法性进行监督D.依法提起公益诉讼2.下列关于民事诉讼调解原则的说法，正确的是A.调解既是法院处理民事诉讼的一种方法，也是一种结案方式B.调解原则贯穿于民事诉讼的各个阶段，既包括审判程序，也包括执行程序C.调解是我国民事诉讼的优良传统，所有案件法院都应当主动调解D.法院调解时无需事实清楚，分清是非3.关于间接证据的表述，下列说法正确的是A.间接证据与证据内容的完整性无关B.间接证据无法单独直接证明待证事实，证明力较弱C.证人转述他人所见的案件事实都属于间接证据D.一个客观与合法的间接证据可以单独作为认定案件事实的依据4.关于证人作证，以下说法正确的是A.无民事行为能力人和限制民事行为能力人一律不得作为证人B.案件的诉讼代理人、书记员、翻译人员可以同时作为本案的证人C.与案件的一方当事人有利害关系的人也可以作证，但是其证言的证明力要小于其他证人证言D.证人必须出庭作证，不存在可以不出庭作证的特殊情形5.关于法院就数个证据对同一事实的证明力，下列说法错误的是A.原始证据的证明力一般大于传来证据B.证人提供的对与其有亲属或者其他密切关系的当事人有利的证言，其证明力一般小于其他证人证言C.国家机关、社会团体依职权制作的公文书证的证明力一般大于其他书证D.间接证据的证明力一般大于直接证据6.甲、乙二人因租赁合同纠纷诉至法院，审判员对此案件进行了调解，但未达成协议，于是法院开庭审理后当庭作出判决。
在送达判决书之前，甲又要求法院进行调解。
关于法院的做法，下列选项正确的是A.暂不送达判决书，恢复审理，主持双方再调解B.撤销原判决，恢复审理，主持双方再行调解C.送达判决书D.按审判监督程序进行再审7.甲公司的飞机定期为某村喷洒农药，杨某认为飞机低空飞行产生的噪音影响了其饲养家畜的正常生长，造成损失50万元，遂起诉甲公司要求赔偿。
2011年4月全国自考知识产权法：00226试题及标准答案.pdf
全国2011年4月份高等教育自学考试《知识产权法》试题及答案课程代码：00226一、单项选择题本大题共30小题每小题1分共30分在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.下述作品中不受著作权法保护的是(C)A.一种药品的说明书B.建筑设计图纸和模型C.《伯尔尼公约》的官方正式译文D.建筑工程投标书2.林大成于1998年10月2日创作了一幅摄影作品《滇池之光》。
2000年7月2日林大成去世林大成的儿子林小成于2001年10月23日将《滇池之光》在某市晚报上发表。
作品《滇池之光》著作财产权保护期的届满时间为(B)A.2048年10月2日B.2050年12月31日C.2051年10月23日D.2051年12月31日3.《南京史话》一书由李某进行编纂王某提供了史料和咨询意见张某进行书稿录入钱某协助联系出版事宜。
《南京史话》一书的著作权属于(A)A.李某B.李某和王某C.李某和张某D.李某和钱某4.下列选项中属于著作财产权的是(D)A.署名权B.修改权C.保护作品完整权D.发行权5.下列选项中不属于著作权合理使用的是(C)A.学生甲在图书馆借阅一本学术期刊复印了其中一篇论文B.报社乙转发关于神州五号发射成功的新华社通讯稿C.学者丙为推广少数民族文化将某藏语小说翻译成汉语出版D.退休职工丁在公园内免费表演已经发表的喜剧片段6.王某从画家李某手中购买了李某所创作的油画《白云山》王某对该幅油画享有(C)A.修改权B.署名权C.展览权D.复制权7.下列选项中不受专利法保护的是(B)A.一种速算器B.一种高血压病的治疗方法C.一种新型水稻杂交栽培方法D.一种可视电话8.甲公司与某高校合作研究设计了一套新的汽车尾气检测装置未约定权利归属。
该高校将研发工作交给本单位老师乙和丙乙和丙最终完成了该装置的设计方案。
该设计方案申请专利的权利属于(D)A.甲公司B.某高校C.乙和丙D.甲公司和某高校9.我国专利法规定外观设计专利权的保护范围(D)A.以外观设计专利本身为准B.以外观设计专利产品为准C.以表示该外观设计产品的形状或者造型为准D.以表示在图片或者照片中的该产品的外观设计为准10.法国某公司于2005年9月8日在法国提出一项产品发明的专利申请2006年4月26日又在中国就相同产品发明提出专利申请2008年8月7日中国国务院专利行政部门授予该发明专利权。
自考 教材 pdf
自考教材 pdf
自考教材PDF是自考考生必须要掌握的重要学习资料，其中包含了丰富、全面的知识体系，是考生备战自考考试的重要基础。
由于自考教材PDF有许多内容相对复杂，需要考生仔细学习和理解。
对于自考教材PDF的学习，首先需要考生选择自己所报读专业的相应教材，有的教材需要下载安装特定的阅读器软件才能进行打开和学习。
在学习过程中，考生应该注重学习方法，可以结合自己的实际情况，采用多种方式进行学习，如阅读、笔记、理解概念等。
同时，在学习过程中，应该注重积累答题技巧和考试技巧，这样更有利于自己能够成功通过考试。
总之，自考教材PDF是自考学习不可或缺的重要工具，通过认真学习和逐步的积累，相信自考考生一定能够取得优异的成绩和丰硕的学术收获。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
日前 ， 记者 从 IDP 广州办公室获悉， 澳大 利 亚 移 民 局 将 于 2008 年 9 月 1 日起调整各 国学生签证风险级别， 其中对中国大陆最主要 的变化有：570 类（独立 的英语培训课程）、 574 类（研究类硕士和博士） 和 575 类 （预科等非学 历课程）降低到 Level 3 的评估级别。 其他 571 （中学）、572（职业文凭） 和 573 （本科学位与授 课式研究生） 类仍保持 在 Level 4。
据悉，这是华南地区 首个集行前辅导、留学最 新信息等功能于一体的 沙龙活动。 法国工商会 官员刘建芳现场讲解海 归就业问题，讲述海归该 如何成功就业，中信银行 出国金融服务中心代表 也将到现场指导留学生、 家长制定出国理财计划。
时报记者 李珍
责编：鲍音瑛 美编：梁文珊
时报记者 李珍
第二届留学
FUN享节
周六举行
以 “FUN 享 留 学 体 验，助你快乐飞洋”为主 题 的 “启 德 第 二 届 留 学 FUN 享节”将于周六（8 月 30 日） 下午 2 点在广州 图书馆举行。本次 FUN 享 节设置 6 大功能区，包括 留学经验分享区、海外生 活 品 味 区 、VIP 咨 询 区 、 家长交流区等。 届时，来 自美、加、英、澳、法等国 家的海归将与学生和家 长分享独特的留学体 验、。 启德教育资深顾问 也将在现场进行一对一 的个性化留学辅导。
越来越多的年轻人加入到自 考 大军。 （资 料图片）
知多 D
何谓“大考”“小考”
我国高等教育自学考 试有两种基本形式， 它们 性质相同， 毕业证书一 样， 但二者在学习和考试 上有一些区别。
一种是完全开放式， 报考人数较多， 考试规模
庞大， 一般称为“大考”； 另一 种为 “小 考 ” ， 主 考 学校选一些社会声誉好的 社会助学 机构组 成教 学 辅导班， 需每年向省自 学考试办公室提出申请， 经严格审核后下达各开
了解， 自考考生只要同时 具备以下条件即可申请获 取学士学位： 各门考试课 程 总 平 均 成 绩 不 低 于 65 分 （根据主考院校具体规
定为 准），通 过 广东 省 组织 的学位英语统一考试，毕 业论文 （毕业设计或其他 毕业实践环节） 成绩合格 等。
许多在校大学 生也来报读自考课 程 。 （资 料图片）
相关报道
自考培训行业洗牌完成
据悉， 经过前几年的 行业竞争， 目前广东规模 比较大的自考独立办班培 训机构只剩下三四家。
“我们算是广东规模最 大、学生最多的一家，学生 总人数有 4000 多人。 借鉴 国外先进的办学经验，先后 与中山大学、 暨南大学、深
圳大学、 华南师范大学、广 东外语外贸大学等知名大 学合作，开办高教自考独立 办班。 ”达德副校长李小平 告诉记者，目前自考培训市 场已经完成了洗牌过程。
对于自考培训机构的 生存和可持续发展， 他认 为首当其冲的是要规范经
营， 一切都要有严格的规 范，包括课时安排、教师团 队、管理制度等方面；前几 年许多自考培训机构倒闭 被淘汰， 就是因为办学过 程中存在不规范的操作。 其次， 是要有好的配套服 务， 为学生提供一个有特 色的良好学习环境。
留学动态
留澳签证
现象：
“小考”已成主流
据广州达德自考辅导机 构副校长李小平介绍， 近年 的 自 考 培 训 市 场 上 ，“大 考 ” 已经渐渐远离学生的视线， 报名人数越来越少，“许多大 考辅导班纷纷停办， 相关培 训机构也所剩无几”；而自考 独 立 办 班 ， 即“小 考 ” 的 报 名 人数却不断上升， 几乎每年 呈倍数增长。
信息时报
学周刊·自考指南
D12 2008.8.28 星期四
自考人群渐趋年轻化
越来越多在校大学生报读自考以增加求职筹码
□时报记者 徐珊珊 实习生 周晋基
今年自考时间定在 10 月 25～26 日。 记者日前 走访广州几家自考辅导机构发现，越来越多的年轻 人加入到自考大军，许多在校大学生也来报读自考 课程，以针对性强通过率高见长的自考独立班尤其 受到考生的青睐。 有业内人士分析，这得益于近年 来自考文凭在社会各行业的认可度越来越高；受此 促进，自考办学模式也逐渐走向多元化。
学堂” 的新型学习模式。 “网络学堂” 的推出， 使得
没有时间参加面授的自考生 足不出户， 就可在网上接受 高等教育， 完成高等教育自 考内容直至毕业。 同时考生 可以自由安排学习时间， 不 用担心因为突发情况耽误学 习， 还能根据接受能力自由 调节学习进度。 这种助学模 式既可以满足考生灵活上 课、 反复听讲的愿望， 又可 以营造良好的师生互动学习 氛围， 一举两得， 有效解决 了自考考生工学矛盾突出、 生源分散、 师资强弱不齐等 问题。
据李小平介绍， 以前参 加自考的考生主要是一些企 事业单位职员、 中小学的教 职人员，特别是后者，大约占 了四分之一。
而近几年则呈现出年轻 化的趋势，“许多在校大学生 也来报读自考课程， 他们或 是想多学一门专业， 提高自 身素质和就业竞争力， 为以 后的求职增加筹码； 或是为 了满足个人兴趣， 希望以参 加自学考试的方式来获得更 多知识。 ”
考专业的招生计划， 也 称 为“独 立 办班 ” 。 大 考 时 间 为 每 年 4 月 和 10 月， 小考时间为每年 1 月和 7 月， 小考考生凭小 考准考证两种考试均可参 加。
自考贴士
自考如何获取学士学位
自考考生完成所有课 程毕业后， 除了能够获取 自考毕业证书， 还可在获 得毕业证书后两年内向主 考院校申请学士学位。 据
对 此 ，IDP 广 州 办 公室负责人分析， 比照 目 前 其 他 国 家 Level3 的 570 类签证， 这意味 着留学生赴澳银行存款 只需 3 个月以上历史就 可以申请签证（而 Level 4 要求存款有 6 个月以 上存期）；移民局不需要 提供 IELTS 成绩单 （而 Level 4 需 要 IELTS 至 少 5 分）等等。“这对澳 洲语言学校是个福音， 国内一些想尝试一下澳 洲环境、 提高英文的学 生，可以不花太多钱，绕 过 IELTS 关 卡 申 办 签 证， 但具体情况还需参 照移民导模式多元化
广东省教育考试院自学 考试部主任黄列波指出，自 考已从单一走向多层次、多 元化之路， 在社会中的地位 越来越重要， 自考学习模式 也逐渐得到完善，“自考机构 逐渐呈现集团化、 多样化的 发展趋势。”
李小平告诉记者， “达 德在广东共 有 11 所 分 校， 通过连锁经营不断扩大规 模， 充分满足不同地区学生 的需求。” 据了解， 近两年， 为了方便一些住在偏远地区 又想通过自考不断提升自己 的学生， 达德和博导两所自 考辅导机构都推出了“网络
趋势：
在校大学生报考增多
据悉， 自考是中国的一 项特色教育制度。 国家明确 规定： 自学考试毕业生在就 业、工资、户籍管理上享受与 普通高校相同学历层次毕业 生同等待遇。 达德教育项目 管理部总监符群行告诉记 者，近年来，自考文凭在社会 各种行业中的认可度越来越 高，“在国外，目前共有 26 个 欧美国家承认中国的高等教 育自考学历， 并且有扩大化 的趋势， 自考文凭的含金量 可见一斑。 ”
李小平分析， 这是因为 大考由国家统一出题、 统一 阅卷，非常严格，及格率、毕 业率一直都是比较低， 而培 训学校提供的辅导也缺乏针 对性， 难于掌握相关课程的 难点、重点，学习效果差。 相 反，小考的通过率高，学习周 期短，受到众多考生的青睐。
“相比于传统的大考，自
考独立办班有着多方面的优 势。 ”符群行告诉记者，首先 考试的机会多，“大考” 每年 只 有 两 次 ， 而“小 考 ” 增 加 一 倍， 考生可以更自由地选择 考试时间。其二，自考独立办 班师资优秀， 由主考院校经 验丰富的专业老师任教，能 够对学生进行有针对性地辅 导复习， 建立师生之间的联 系，学习氛围浓厚，考试通过 率很高。第三，学生可以灵活 安排自己的学习时间， 例如 在达德， 学生可以选择周一 至周五上课， 也可以周六日 上课， 方便一些平时工作繁 忙的上班族，第四，花费时间 少，参加自考独立办班，学生 一般只需要一年半的时间就 可以拿到文凭。