OCIMF Publications
国外优秀科技著作出版专项基金
国外优秀科技著作出版专项基金是指用于资助国外优秀科技著作在我国出版的专项基金,旨在引进和推广国外优秀科技著作,促进国内科技出版业的发展,提高国内读者对国外科技著作的接触和了解。
该基金由相关部委、机构或组织设立,并根据实际情况确定资助范围、标准和程序。
下面我们将就该基金的设立背景、资助方式和效果进行详细介绍。
一、设立背景1. 国内科技著作发展状况目前,国内科技著作的数量和质量与国外相比存在一定差距。
虽然国内也有不少优秀科技著作,但相对国外来说,在国际上的影响力和知名度有限。
这种情况既影响了国内读者学习和了解最新科技成果的渠道,也制约了我国科技出版业的发展和国际交流。
2. 引进国外优秀科技著作的必要性为了填补国内科技著作的发展差距,引进国外优秀科技著作至关重要。
通过引进国外优秀科技著作,不仅可以让国内读者更加全面地了解国际科技前沿,还可以提升国内科技著作的水平和品质,促进我国科技出版业与国际接轨。
3. 设立基金的意义为了更好地引进和推广国外优秀科技著作,相关部委、机构或组织决定设立国外优秀科技著作出版专项基金。
该基金将为国外优秀科技著作的出版提供资金支持,以及一系列帮助和服务,促进国外优秀科技著作更好地在我国传播和推广。
二、资助方式1. 资助对象国外优秀科技著作出版专项基金主要资助对象为那些具有国际影响力、内容丰富、思想前卫、符合国内读者需求的国外优秀科技著作。
这些著作可能包括科技前沿、技术创新、科学普及、学术研究、科技史等内容,形式可能是专著、论文集、科普读物、科技报告、学术期刊等。
2. 资助方式国外优秀科技著作出版专项基金的资助方式灵活多样,主要包括资金支持、编辑审校、翻译服务、市场推广、宣传推介等。
具体来说,资助方式可以有以下几种形式:(1)资金支持基金可对符合条件的国外优秀科技著作进行资金补贴,用于出版、印刷、装帧等费用。
(2)编辑审校基金可派遣专业编辑人员对国外优秀科技著作进行审阅、编辑、润色,以确保内容的准确性和语言的流畅性。
免疫细胞功能状态量化检测评估与临床应用专家共识
· 指南与共识·免疫细胞功能状态量化检测评估与临床应用专家共识中国医疗保健国际交流促进会肝脏移植学分会 中国医疗保健国际交流促进会肾脏移植学分会 中国医药生物技术协会生物诊断技术分会 【摘要】 免疫系统是维持机体器官功能健康和预防疾病的重要保障,免疫健康管理和疾病免疫治疗目标是恢复免疫系统的正常功能状态。
免疫学领域研究解决了如何抑制或提高免疫状态的技术性难题,随之带来亟需回答的问题是如何全面地检测和量化评估免疫状态,这是下一个挑战,目前国际上尚无成熟解决方案。
免疫状态量化检测与可视化评估对疾病防控、亚健康状态管理和疾病免疫治疗均具有重要意义。
本专家共识针对正常免疫状态定义和免疫细胞功能状态(免疫力)全面量化评估及可视化评分技术手段等问题进行了初步讨论,提出了正常免疫状态相关的基础概念和思考,探讨免疫细胞功能状态量化检测评估方向和原则,并以此为契机,推动免疫力解码以及免疫健康领域基础课题和临床试验的深入研究。
【关键词】 免疫力;免疫细胞;免疫评估;免疫治疗;健康管理【中图分类号】 R617, R392.4 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】 1674-7445(2024)04-0005-10Expert Consensus on quantify monitoring and assessment of immune cell function status and clinical application China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care (CPAM), Society of Liver Transplantation ,Society of Kidney Transplantation; China Medicinal Biotech Association (CMBA ), Society of Biological Diagnostics.Corresponding authors: He Qiang, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China, Email:*******************Li Xianliang, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China, Email:***********************【Abstract 】 The immune system is the important guarantee for maintaining the health of organ function and preventing diseases. The goal of immune health management and immune treatment is to restore the normal function of the immune system. The technical problems of how to inhibit or enhance the immune status has been solved in the field of immunology, but how to comprehensively detect and quantitatively evaluate the immune status is still a challenge. There is no mature solution at present. The quantification detection and visualization evaluation of immune status are of great significance for disease prevention and control, sub-health status management, and immune treatment. This expert consensus has carried out preliminary discussions on the definition of normal immune status and the comprehensive quantitative evaluation and visual scoring techniques of immune cell function status (immune function), put forward the basic concepts and thinking related to normal immune status, discussed the direction and principles of quantitative detection and evaluation of immune cell function status, and taken this as an opportunity to promote the decoding of immunity and the study of basic and clinical trials in the field of immune health.【Key words 】 Immunity; Immune cell; Assessment of immunity; Immunotherapy; Health managementDOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024078基金项目:国家自然科学基金(82370665);北京市自然科学基金(7232068、7232065)通信作者单位: 100020 北京,首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院(贺强、李先亮)通信作者:贺强,Email : *******************;李先亮,Email : ***********************第 15 卷 第 4 期器官移植Vol. 15 No.4 2024 年 7 月Organ Transplantation Jul. 2024 免疫系统是人类健康的基石,大多数疾病和健康状况与免疫状态密切相关,因此免疫状态管理是健康核心问题。
欧洲科研诚信行为准则 allea 2023
欧洲科研诚信行为准则allea 2023摘要:1.欧盟将启用新版《欧洲科研诚信行为准则》2.新准则的目的和宗旨3.中国对科研诚信问题的关注和相关规定4.医学科研诚信和相关行为规范5.科研诚信对于科学研究和社会的重要性正文:欧盟将启用新版《欧洲科研诚信行为准则》欧洲科学院联盟(allea)近日向欧委会呈交新的《欧洲科研诚信行为准则》(european code of conduct for research integrity)。
新准则是在广泛征求各方意见的基础上由allea 和欧委会合作完成,其根本宗旨是推行负责任的科研行为,提高科研活动的质量和可靠性。
新准则的目的和宗旨新版《欧洲科研诚信行为准则》旨在确保科研活动的公正、透明和诚信,促进科学研究的健康发展。
准则明确了科研人员的行为规范,包括科研数据的真实性、研究结果的准确性和学术论文的诚信性等方面,并对科研不端行为进行了明确的界定和处罚措施。
中国对科研诚信问题的关注和相关规定我国高度重视科研诚信问题,制定了一系列相关规定,如《中华人民共和国科学技术进步法》、《中华人民共和国著作权法》、《中华人民共和国人类遗传资源管理条例》等。
此外,我国还出台了《关于进一步加强科研诚信建设的若干意见》、《关于进一步弘扬科学家精神加强作风和学风建设的意见》等文件,旨在加强科研诚信建设,提高科研人员的职业道德修养,预防科研不端行为。
医学科研诚信和相关行为规范为践行社会主义核心价值观,加强医学科研诚信建设,提高医学科研人员职业道德修养,预防科研不端行为,我国制定了《医学科研诚信和相关行为规范》。
该规范明确了医学科研行为的基本要求,对科研数据的真实性、研究结果的准确性等方面进行了详细规定,并为医学科研不端行为设立了明确的处罚措施。
科研诚信对于科学研究和社会的重要性科研诚信是科学研究的基石,对于确保研究质量和可靠性具有重要意义。
一个诚信的科研环境能够促进学术交流和合作,推动科学研究的发展。
美国国家科学基金
美国国家科学基金会的《设备监管指南》(一)相关介绍1.背景与合理性在所有联邦机构中,国家科学基金会(NSF)是为学术界提供所需先进使用仪器的方面的领先者,用以研究先进技术,教育下一代的科学家、工程师和技术工人。
由这些器械而产生的知识维持着美国在科学和工程(S&E)方面的领导地位,为美国经济提供动力,保障美国的未来。
国家科学基金会的职责是确保研究和教育界能够利用这些资源,提供支持服务以达到最佳使用效果,并且及时进行设备升级。
先进仪器设备的范围比较广泛,既有小型研究设备,也有可供全体社会使用的共享资源和设备。
伴随着科学发现的增多,人们对这些先进使用设备的需求日益增长。
尤其是对大型设备和共享基础设施的需求特别高。
在过去的10年中,国家科学基金会在大型设备和基础设施方面的投资已经翻了一倍多,截至2002年,已经达到了550000000美元。
随着研究和教育人员数量的增加,他们依靠这些大型设备、仪器和数据库来帮助理解,以实现下一次知识飞跃,这种趋势在未来将会日益增强。
国家科学基金会授权外部实体,主要大学,大学联合会或其他非盈利组织承担设备的建造、管理和运作事宜。
除南极站外,国家科学基金会并不直接涉及设备的建造或运营。
国家科学基金会保留了其监视项目发展,管理和成功运营的职责。
这种方式提供了划算的、高效监管的同时,保证了能够适应科学技术变化的弹性。
国家科学基金会目前主要基于两个主要账户为设备建造提供支持:大型科研设备及器械账户(MREFC),与研究与相关活动账户(R&RA)。
大型设备及器械账户创立于1995年,是一个独立的预算项目,为各政府机构提供了一种机制,允许政府成员在不严重违反项目预算的情况下,承担从价值千万美元到数亿美元的大型设备项目。
而价值在百万到千万的建造项目依然是由研究及相关活动账户(R&RA)提供支持。
这两个账户之间的进一步区别在于大型科研设备及器械账户(MREFC)为设备的建造和购置提供资金支持——这些活动的资金与那些慢性资金不同——而其他活动,如规划,设计,发展,运营和维护保养都是由研究与相关活动账户(R&RA)提供资金支持。
美国反舞弊性财务报告委员会发起组织的报告【外文翻译】
本科毕业论文(设计)外文翻译外文题目Committee of sponsoring organizationsof the treadway Commission 外文出处Enterprise risk management外文作者Committee of sponsoring organizations 原文:Committee of sponsoring organizations of the treadway commission Organizational overviewCOSO was formed in 1985 to sponsor the National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting (the Treadway Commission). The Treadway Commission was originally jointly sponsored and funded by five main professional accounting associations and institutes headquartered in the United States: the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), American Accounting Association (AAA), Financial Executives International (FEI), Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and the Institute of Management Accountants(IMA). The Treadway Commission recommended that the organizations sponsoring the Commission work together to develop integrated guidance on internal control. These five organizations formed what is now called the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.The original chairman of the Treadway Commission was James C. Treadway, Jr., Executive Vice President and General Counsel, Paine Webber Incorporated and a former Commissioner of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Hence, the popular name "Treadway Commission". Currently, David L. Landsittel replaced Larry E. Rittenberg as the COSO Chairman.HistoryDue to questionable corporate political campaign finance practices and foreigncorrupt practices in the mid -1970s, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the U.S. Congress enacted campaign finance law reforms and the 1977 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA) which criminalized transnational bribery and required companies to implement internal control programs. In response, the Treadway Commission, a private-sector initiative, was formed in 1985 to inspect, analyze, and make recommendations on fraudulent corporate financial reporting.The Treadway Commission studied the financial information reporting system over the period from October 1985 to September 1987 and issued a report of findings and recommendations in October 1987 titled Report of the National Commission on Fraudulent Financial Reporting. As a result of this initial report, the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) was formed and it retained Coopers & Lybrand, a major CPA firm, to study the issues and author a report regarding an integrated framework of internal control.In September 1992, the four volume report entitled Internal Control— Integrated Framework was released by COSO and later re-published with minor amendments in 1994. This report presented a common definition of internal control and provided a framework against which internal control systems may be assessed and improved. This report is one standard that U.S. companies use to evaluate their compliance with FCPA. According to a poll by CFO Magazine released in 2006, 82% of respondents claimed t hey used COSO’s framework for internal controls. Other frameworks used by respondents included COBIT, AS2 (Auditing Standard No. 2, PCAOB), and SAS 55/78 (AICPA).Internal control - integrated frameworkKey concepts of the COSO frameworkThe COSO framework involves several key concepts:∙Internal control is a process. It is a means to an end, not an end in itself.∙Internal control is affected by people. It’s not merely policy, manuals, and forms, but people at every level of an organization.∙Internal control can be expected to provide only reasonable assurance, not absolute assurance, to an entity’s management and board.Internal control is geared to the achievement of objectives in one or more separate but overlapping categories.Use of the capability maturity modelThe capabilities of an organization in relation to the COSO model could be assessed based on universal states or plateaus that organizations typically target. The descriptions are incremental.The capability descriptions are based on evolution toward generally recognized best practices. Each organization determines which level of "maturity" would be the most appropriate in support of its business needs, priorities and availability of resources. A rating system of “0” to “5” is used. A rating of “5” does not necessarily mean “goodness”, but rather, maturity of capability. The ideal maturity rating for any area is dependent on the needs of the organization. The different and progressive plateaus are: 0 Non-existent when:The organization lacks procedures to monitor the effectiveness of internal controls. Management internal control reporting methods are absent. There is a general unawareness of IT operational security and internal control assurance. Management and employees have an overall lack of awareness of internal controls.1 Initial/Ad Hoc when:Management recognizes the need for regular IT management and control assurance. Individual expertise in assessing internal control adequacy is applied on an ad hoc basis. IT management has not formally assigned responsibility for monitoring the effectiveness of internal controls. IT internal control assessments are conducted as part of traditional financial audits, with methodologies and skill sets that do not reflect the needs of the information services function.2 Repeatable but Intuitive when:The organization uses informal control reports to initiate corrective action initiatives. Internal control assessment is dependent on the skill sets of key individuals. The organization has an increased awareness of internal control monitoring. Information service management performs monitoring over the effectiveness of what it believes are critical internal controls on a regular basis. Methodologies and tools formonitoring internal controls are starting to be used, but not based on a plan. Risk factors specific to the IT environment are identified based on the skills of individuals.3 Defined when:Management supports and institutes internal control monitoring. Policies and procedures are developed for assessing and reporting on internal control monitoring activities. An education and training program for internal control monitoring is defined. A process is defined for self-assessments and internal control assurance reviews, with roles for responsible business and IT managers. Tools are being utilized but are not necessarily integrated into all processes. IT process risk assessment policies are being used within control frameworks developed specifically for the IT organization. Process-specific risks and mitigation policies are defined.4 Managed and Measurable when:Management implements a framework for IT internal control monitoring. The organization establishes tolerance levels for the internal control monitoring process. Tools are implemented to standardize assessments and automatically detect control exceptions. A formal IT internal control function is established, with specialized and certified professionals utilizing a formal control framework endorsed by senior management. Skilled IT staff members are routinely participating in internal control assessments. A metrics knowledge base for historical information on internal control monitoring is established. Peer reviews for internal control monitoring are established.5 Optimized when:Management establishes an organization wide continuous improvement program that takes into account lessons learned and industry best practices for internal control monitoring and reporting. The organization uses integrated and updated tools, where appropriate, that allow effective assessment of critical IT controls and rapid detection of IT control monitoring incidents. Knowledge sharing specific to the information services function is formally implemented. Benchmarking against industry standards and good practices is formalized.Definition of internal control and framework objectivesThe COSO framework defines internal control as a process, effected by an entity’sboard of directors, management and other personnel, designed to provide "reasonable assurance" regarding the achievement of objectives in the following categories: ∙Effectiveness and efficiency of operations∙Reliability of financial reporting∙Compliance with applicable laws and regulationsThe five framework componentsThe COSO internal control framework consists of five interrelated components derived from the way management runs a business. According to COSO, these components provide an effective framework for describing and analyzing the internal control system implemented in an organization as required by financial regulations (see Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Section 240 15d-15). The five components are the following:Control environment:The control environment sets the tone of an organization, influencing the control consciousness of its people. It is the foundation for all other components of internal control, providing discipline and structure. Control environment factors include the integrity, ethical values, management's operating style, delegation of authority systems, as well as the processes for managing and developing people in the organization.Risk assessment:Every entity faces a variety of risks from external and internal sources that must be assessed. A precondition to risk assessment is establishment of objectives and thus risk assessment is the identification and analysis of relevant risks to the achievement of assigned objectives. Risk assessment is a prerequisite for determining how the risks should be managed.Control activities: Control activities are the policies and procedures that help ensure management directives are carried out. They help ensure that necessary actions are taken to address the risks that may hinder the achievement of the entity's objectives. Control activities occur throughout the organization, at all levels and in all functions. They include a range of activities as diverse as approvals, authorizations, verifications, reconciliations, reviews of operating performance, security of assets and segregation of duties.Information and communication:Information systems play a key role in internal control systems as they produce reports, including operational, financial and compliance-related information, that make it possible to run and control the business. In a broader sense, effective communication must ensure information flows down, across and up the organization. For example, formalized procedures exist for people to report suspected fraud. Effective communication should also be ensured with external parties, such as customers, suppliers, regulators and shareholders about related policy positions.Monitoring: Internal control systems need to be monitored—a process that assesses the quality of the system's performance over time. This is accomplished through ongoing monitoring activities or separate evaluations. Internal control deficiencies detected through these monitoring activities should be reported upstream and corrective actions should be taken to ensure continuous improvement of the system. LimitationsInternal control involves human action, which introduces the possibility of errors in processing or judgment. Internal control can also be overridden by collusion among employees (see separation of duties) or coercion by top management.CFO magazine reported that companies are struggling to apply the complex model provided by COSO. “One of the biggest problems: limiting internal audits to one of the three key objectives of the framework. In the COSO model, those objectives are applied to five key components (monitoring, information and communication, control activities, risk assessment, and control environment). Given the number of possible matrices, it's not surprising that the number of audits can get out of hand.” CFO magazine continued by stating, that many organization are creating their own risk-and-control matrix by taking the COSO model and altering it to focus on the components that relate directly to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.Source:Enterprise risk management,2004.译文:美国反舞弊性财务报告委员会发起组织的报告组织概述COSO是成立于1985年的美国反虚假财务报告委员会(特雷德韦委员会)的发起组织委员会。
美国国家科学基金会
美国国家科学基金会(National Science Foundation,NSF)是美国联邦政府下属的一家研究资助机构,成立于1950年。
该机构的使命是通过资助基础研究和教育项目,促进科学和工程的进步,提高美国的全球竞争力,增强国家的安全性。
NSF在全国范围内拥有研究大学和科技机构的紧密合作关系,是美国科技研究的重要支柱之一。
NSF在其成立的70年里一直致力于推动科学和工程的发展和创新。
该机构的资助范围广泛,涵盖自然科学、社会科学、数学、工程、教育、计算机科学和人文科学等多个领域,资助项目包括基础研究、人才培养、设施建设、教育改革和国际合作等多个方面。
NSF的研究资助旨在培养新的科学和技术发现,同时提供技术支持和知识转移,以帮助解决全球性的挑战和问题。
NSF的研究资助项目是经过严格的科学评审程序的,资助的项目需要符合其提供的研究目标和科学标准。
NSF鼓励创新和高风险的项目,尤其是那些跨学科和前沿领域的项目。
该机构还非常注重教育和人才培养,资助很多针对学生和教育者的研究和培训项目,以培养新一代的科学家和工程师。
NSF的资助影响不仅限于美国境内,该机构还积极参与国际科技合作。
近年来,NSF和其他国际机构进行了多项战略性的合作,建立了国际中心和跨境研究计划,以应对全球性挑战。
例如,NSF与欧洲研究机构合作,开展了气候变化、地球物理和数据管理等方面的联合研究项目,推进了全球科学合作。
NSF的贡献还表现在它对美国科技发展的影响上。
许多重要科技领域的成就都直接或间接得益于NSF的研究资助,例如计算机科学、材料科学、生命科学、天文学等。
NSF资助的研究项目还对美国经济增长和国家安全起到了重要作用。
NSF的资助项目涉及的技术和知识转移也为美国的企业和政府部门提供了技术支持和创新思路。
总之,NSF是一个重要的科技资助机构,其资助的项目对于美国科技发展和全球科学研究都具有极为重要的作用。
在未来,NSF将继续致力于推动科学和工程的发展和创新,培养新一代的科学家和工程师,以应对全球性的挑战和问题。
财务舞弊 识别 检测 国内外 学术 梳理
财务舞弊识别检测国内外学术梳理
《财务舞弊识别与检测的国内外学术梳理》
财务舞弊在现代商业社会中屡见不鲜,给企业和社会带来巨大的损失。
因此,识别和检测财务舞弊成为了学术界和实务界关注的焦点之一。
国内外的学者们针对财务舞弊的识别和检测进行了大量的研究,提出了各种各样的方法和模型。
在国内,相关的学术研究主要集中在财务和会计领域。
一些研究者通过分析财务报表以及公司内部的财务数据,提出了一些指标和模型,用于识别潜在的财务舞弊。
另外一些学者则着重于利用数据挖掘和机器学习的方法,构建财务舞弊的检测模型。
这些研究成果为国内企业提供了一定的参考和指导。
国外的学术研究也在财务舞弊识别和检测方面做出了一定的贡献。
一些研究者提出了各种统计学方法和财务比率分析,用于准确地识别财务舞弊。
另外一些学者则利用大数据和深度学习的技术,建立了更加复杂和精准的财务舞弊检测模型。
这些研究成果为全球范围内的企业提供了有效的防范和治理手段。
总的来说,国内外的学术界对财务舞弊识别与检测进行了大量深入的研究,提出了各种各样的方法和模型。
随着技术的不断进步和经验的丰富积累,相信财务舞弊的识别和检测会变得更加准确和有效。
Q88---QUESTIONNAIRE-88-(Version-3)修改版
(排水量)
1.41
Ownership and Operation(所有权和经营权)
1.42
Registered owner - Full style:(所有人)
1.43
Technical operator - Full style:(技术操作员)
2.11
U.S.Certificate of Financial Responsibility (COFR):
(财务责任证书)
2.13
Certificate of Fitness (Gas):(天然气适装证书)
2.14
Certificate of Class:(入级证书)
(国际船舶保安证书)
(国际防止污染证书)
1.19
Date / place of last dry-dock:(上次进港时间、地点)
1.20
Date next dry dock due(预定靠港时间)
1.21
Date of last special survey / next survey due:(上次/下次审核时间)
1.22
Date of last annual survey:(上次年审时间)
INTERTANKO’SSTANDARD TANKERCHARTERINGQUESTIONNAIRE88 (Q88)
(独立油轮船东协会标准化租船问卷)Version 3
1.
VESSEL DESCRIPTION(油船资料)
1.1
Date updated:(更新日期)
1.2
Vessel’s name:(船舶名)
国外碳会计基本内容及对其借鉴意义_强殿英
□财会月刊·全国优秀经济期刊□·82·2011.4下旬一、国外碳会计基本内容碳会计是对碳汇(碳固化)、碳排放、碳排放权交易进行的确认、计量、记录与报告,包括碳汇会计、碳排放会计和碳排放权交易会计。
碳汇会计主要是对森林、土壤等对碳收入与固化的核算;碳排放会计是对企业生产经营活动中所排放的温室气体进行的核算,由于温室气体中的大部分都可以折算为二氧化碳当量来表示,所以碳排放实际上是指二氧化碳与二氧化碳等同物的排放;碳排放权交易会计就是对企业从碳排放交易市场购进与使用的碳排放权的核算。
1.碳汇会计核算。
目前碳汇的核算主要是生物质(或森林)碳汇和土壤碳汇核算。
本文主要以生物质碳汇核算中的森林碳汇核算来说明碳汇会计核算的基本原理。
(1)确立会计核算范围,收集相关会计数据。
森林碳汇会计的第一步是确立会计核算范围。
森林碳汇会计核算范围是一国境内的各类林区。
为了便于计量,需要对不同林区的林木进行再分类,常用的分类方式是按植被物种、植被年龄、土壤类型、坡度和地形高程、接近定居点等标准进行。
分类的目的是通过降低现场数据的可变性来提高会计的准确性和精确度。
碳汇会计数据的采集有以下三种方法:一是整理现有的森林数据,二是利用遥感技术探测,三是实地测量。
整理现有的森林数据是利用国家、区域现有的数据,如利用联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会指南中提供的基于特定区域气候及植被数据的参数和排放系数;利用遥感技术探测是通过航空器或空间平台的传感器来采集数据,可用来测量森林总面积、森林类型、树冠覆盖面和高度、分支与总体的比率;实地测量是将森林按分布地域、土质级别、气候条件、生长速度、树木年龄等进行分类测量。
为了提高测量的效率,一般在测量时又多采用系统的统计抽样方法来获得一块森林的数据。
通常实地测量需要记录的数据,除了土质、气候、生长速度,还主要包括森林生长地点、种植时间(年)、树木密度(棵/公顷)、树木平均直径(厘米/棵)、树木基底面积(平方米/公顷)、平均高度(米)等。
美国国家科学基金会资助项目介绍
美国国家科学基金会资助项目介绍美国国家科学基金会(National Science Foundation,NSF)是美国联邦政府一个重要的自然科学和工程领域的研究、教育资助机构。
NSF 在自然科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)等领域都有着广泛而重要的资助项目。
该机构资助的研究项目反响巨大,带动了美国科学技术的领先地位。
NSF 的资助项目分为许多种,比如基础研究项目、教育项目、社会科学项目、计算机科学项目等等。
其中,基础研究项目是最为重要的项目之一。
基础研究是针对自然界的基本现象和规律进行的研究,其目的在于发现新的知识和原理,探讨理论和先进技术的发展方向。
由于基础研究的成果在很长时间内并不会直接转化为商业应用,因此,这部分研究常常需要政府的支持,并且长期投入,NSF 正是为了支持这一方面的研究,不断推出新的项目设置。
NSF 资助的研究项目可以分为多个领域,比如数学、生物学、物理、化学、计算机科学等等,每个领域中又可以细分成多个子领域。
各个领域和子领域的项目设置多不胜数,下面列举几个有代表性的项目。
在数学领域,NSF 资助了一些基础数学研究的项目,比如研究拓扑学(Topology)和代数学(Algebra)的项目。
这些项目旨在加深对数学基础的理解和应用,并且推动其在计算机科学、工程学和物理学等其他领域中的应用。
在生物学领域,NSF 资助了多个研究项目,包括研究细胞生物学(Cell biology)、分子生物学(Molecular biology)和神经生物学(Neurobiology)等方向的项目。
这些项目旨在深入探索生命的本质和神经系统的运作机制,以及将这些生物技术应用于疾病的治疗和预防。
在物理、化学领域,NSF 资助了多个工业和科学应用方面的研究,比如生物传感器、纳米结构、新材料和核反应堆等。
这些研究经常涉及到工业生产、医学、材料科学和核科学等领域中的一些最新发展和需求。
最后,在计算机科学领域,NSF 资助了多个计算机科学项目,包括软件与硬件系统、人工智能、网络科学和信息安全等方向的研究。
翻译和出版协议中英文
TRANSLATION & PUBLISHING AGREEMENT翻译和出版协议中英文1. OCIMF Title to be translated (Cl. 1): Effective Mooring 3rd Edition ("EM3")石油公司国际海事论坛要被翻译的文件标题(第1条): 《有效系泊第三版》2. Agreement Date: 协议签订日期3. Publisher / Place of Business: 出版单位/营业地点:Oil Companies International Marine Forum 石油公司国际海事论坛4. Translator/ Place of Business: China Classification Society翻译单位/营业地点中国船级社5.Publication Price (Cl.7.1) Recommended Retail Price出版价格(第7.1条) 建议零售价为6.Publication Format (Cl. 5.1) Pocket Book出版格式(第5.1条) 袖珍本Copyright of translated EM3 to be jointly owned by the Publisher & Translator《有效系泊第三版》译文的版权归出版单位和翻译单位共同所有The Publisher and Translator agree as follows:出版单位和翻译单位约定如下:1 Definitions and Interpretation 定义和解释1.1 In this Agreement except where a different interpretation is clear from or necessary in the context the following terms shall have the following meanings:在本《协议》中,除非从语境中可以得到一个清楚的不同解释或者必须从语境中得到某种不同的解释,否则以下词语应当具有如下含义:The OCIMF focus group reporting to the "OCIMF China Focus Group" responsible for reviewing the translation.对“石油公司国际海事论坛中国焦点小组”进行汇报的石油公司国际海事论坛焦点小组,负责复核翻译文本。
法律、法规、公约、规则、指南、出版物、IMO决议清单
欧洲水域航行船舶对废气排放的限制要求;
欧盟
欧洲水域航行船舶对船用燃料油的要求;
美国加洲
美国加洲政府关于实施SB771法案的要求;
巴拿马运河管理当局
巴拿马政府关于对通过运河船舶的办理相关防污染文件的要求;
美国加洲长滩港口当局
美国加洲长滩绿旗计划
土耳其环保部
土耳其环保部对污染处罚的新规定
ISO
ISO 8217:2005(F)船用燃料油质量标准
IMO
《73/78防污公约》2001年修正案(附则Ⅰ)(MEPC.95(46))
1
IMO
《73/78防污公约》附则Ⅳ(MEPC.(49))
IMO
《73/78防污公约》附则Ⅰ修正案(MEPC.111(50))
《73/78防污公约》配合实施的《状况评估计划》修正案(MEPC.112(50))
IMO
《73/78防污公约》附则Ⅴ之附录修正案(MEPC.116(51))
船舶和码头液化气装卸原则
Mooring Equipment Guidelines (2NDED1997)
系泊设备指南(1997年第2版)
ICS/OCIMF
Prevention Of Oil Spillages Through Cargo Pumproom Sea Valves 2ndEdition-October 1991)
IMO
Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
散装运输危险化学品船舶构造和设备规则
IMO
1999年修正案(MEPC.80(43))
2000年修正案(MEPC.91(45))
大学各个专业课程英文名(工科院校)
English Office Automation Insurance Accounting Insurance Comparative Management Comparative Auditing Graduation Practice Financial Statements Analysis Financial Reporting Environment Financial Analysis Management of Financial Risks Financial Management Financial Accounting Countermeasure for Financial Introduction to Fiscal Science Fiscal Science Finance and Credit Cost Accounting Programme Design Language Promotion and Advertising Guidance of Campus Life College English College Chinese Contemporary World Economy Moral Education Introduction to Deng Xiaoping's Aesthetics of Cinema Independent Auditing Foreign Trade Insurance Foreign Trade Transportation Development Economics Law Basics of Law Introduction to Law Fundamentals of Law Science Real Estate Investment & Finance Risk Management Mathematics - probability Probability & Mathematical Statistics Advanced Mathematics Advanced Financial Accounting Advanced Accounting Advanced English Advanced English Reading Advanced Language Programme Engineering conomics nd Project Pricing Management Engineering Drawing Industrial Accounting Industrial Business Management Analysis of Industrial Business Introduction to Industrial Technical Public Relations Public Finance Etiquette for Public Relations Ideological & Moral Cultivation and Oral English English Listening Mao Zedong's Thoughts and The
OCIMF-有效系泊可编辑版
Oil companies International MarineForumEffective mooring2nd Edition 2005OCIMF's mission is to be the foremost authority on the safeand environmentally responsible operation of off tankersand terminals, promoting continuous improvement instandards of design and operationFOREWORDThis booklet is derived from one entitled "Effective mooring which was originally published by Shell International marine in1976. The aim of the Shell booklet was to complement technical publications and rules and regulations with a publication that was deliberately written in such a style as to communicate effectively with seafarers at all levels. Experience over the past ten years has shown that "Effective Mooring" was successful in putting across its message and therefore the same general format is retained in this version of the booklet. The emphasis in this booklet is on SAFETY. its intention shipboard staff be made more aware of the hazards associated with mooring equipment and mooring operations by having a better understanding of the subject. A summary of the personal safety items mentioned in the text is given in chapter 7.This booklet is designed to be self-contained; however readers who are interested in obtaining more detailed technical information should refer to other OCIMF documents dealing with mooring. Although this booklet has been written primarily with oil and gas tankers in mind, most of its contents apply equally to other of vessel.CONTENTSChapter 1 Effective MooringWhat Does a Mooring System Do?How Big Are These Forces?Mooring LayoutWires or Synthetic Fibre RopesElasticityFirst Line AshoreVertical Angle (Dip)Mixed MooringNylon TailsChapter 2 Mooring WinchesRender and HeaveWinch BrakesCorrect LayeringNon Split Drum WinchesSplit Drum WinchesCorrect ReelingBrake ConditionTesting BrakesApplication of BrakeIncorrect Use of BrakeBrake Holding CapacityExceptional CircumstancesWinch In GearFreezing WeatherJoining a New ShipSafety RemindersChapter 3 Steel Wire RopesConstruction of Wire RopesMaintenance of Steel Wire MooringsSelection of Anchor Point for 1st Layer of Wire on a Drum Stoppers for use with Steel WiresCare of WireSplicing WireSafety RemindersChapter 4 Synthetic Fibre RopesUse of Synthetic Fibre RopesType of Materials UsedRope CareRope StoppersSplicingSnapbackSafety remindersChapter 5 Mooring at Buoys Conventional or Multibuoy Moorings (CBM or MBM) Single Bouy Moorings (SBM)Chapter 6 windlasses and Anchoring BrakesCable StoppersAnchor Cables.communicationMaintenance of Windlass BrakesAdjustmentProlonged Periods of Non-UseSafety RemindersChapter 7 Personal SafetyHandling; of MooringsSafe Handling of Tug LinesGlovesSafety RemindersChapter 1Chapter 1 Effective MooringWhat Does a Mooring System Do?A mooring system prevents the ship from drifting away from a berth and holdsthe ship in place in relation to the loading/discharging arms, which may onlyhave limited freedom of movement. Mooring lines may also assist in heavingthe ship alongside a berth and can be used to assist in unberthing .The mooring system has to maintain the ship's position against force that willbe trying to move it, which may be caused by one or more of following(a)Wind(b)Current(c)Surge due to passing ships(d)Waves and Swell(e)Change of freeboardHow Big Are These Forces?At a well sited berth, the greatest forces arise from wind and current ,but todesign a mooring system capable of resisting the extreme condition of windand current would create problems in both size and cost of equipment .It istherefore normal practice to establish arbitrary wind and current criteria andthen design the mooring system to meet these criteria.Commonly used criteria are:Wind 60 knots, plus a current on the beam of 0.75 knots, orWind 60 knots, plus a current from ahead or astern of 3 knotsBoth wind and current forces are proportional to the square of the wind orcurrent speed, thus the force caused by a 60 knot wind is four times that causedby a 30 knot wind, and the force exerted by a 3 knot current is nine times thatexerted by a 1 knot current.Wind speed increases with height above sea level. For example ,a wind of60 knots at 10 metres will be more than 75 knots at 30 metres buts only 30 kontsat 2 metres (just above man-high). So that information from sites can be compared ,it is usual to correct all anemometer reading to an equivalent height of 10 metres.Because of the speed force and speed height characteristics of wind behaviour freeboard is a major and sometimes critical factor for safe mooring .In the case of currents, forces become significant when the clearance under thekeel is small in relation to the draft. In this situation, and when the current isfrom the beam, the ship begins to act as a major obstruction to a current whichmust either escape around bow and stern or accelerate under the keel. Asimilar but less pronounced effect occurs with currents aligned to the ship'sfore and aft axis .A well designed berth will be sited so that the current will be end on or nearlyend on, but Fig. 1 shows how the current force due to a beam current increasesas the "depth/draft ratio" is reduced~A ship moves vertically up and down alongside a berth both with the tide andas a result of cargo operations. It is perhaps stating the obvious to see that asa ship rises, the tensions in the mooring lines will increase. Conversely, as theheight above the jetty decreases, the lines will become slack and the ship islikely to move away from her proper position. The only reliable remedy for thisis regular line tending whilst the ship is moored at a jetty .Forces caused by passing ships, waves or swell are complex and continually varying, although at most berths they will not create problems for a ship thatis using her equipment properly. Where these forces are unusually large ,jetty operators will have made some provision to supplement the ship’s systemAttention to mooring restraint is especially important in the case of a deep draft loaded ship with minimum underkeel clearance berthed close to shippinglane, when the force from passing ships could be large enough to part the linesor pull the ship off the dock if the lines are slack.Mooring layoutWhilst it is often difficult in practice to achieve an ideal mooring layout ,fig.2 shows a typical mooring arrangement designed to resist environmental forces acting on the ship. These forces, particularly wind, can come form anydirection, but when discussing mooring systems the forces are split into longitudinal and transverse components. A ship's equipment can always be employed to the best advantage if the following general principles are remembered:Fig. 2 Typical Mooring Arrangement(a) Breastlines provide the bulk of the transverse restraint against off-the berth forces .(b) Breastings provide the largest proportion of the longitudinal restraint itshould be noted that spring lines provide restraint in tow directionsforward and aft, but that only one set of springs will be stressed at any onetime.(c) Very short lengths of line should be avoided when possible, as Slidwill take a greater proportion of the total load, when movement ofship occurs. Short lines are also the ones most seriously affected by “dip”[see page 7l.Although headlines and stern lines, because of their direction, have the effectof providing some restraint against both longitudinal and transverse forces,they actually contribute less to the overall mooring strength than is commonly supposed. This is because the direction of the largest forces encountered is usually IIEither nearly transverse or near/y longitudinal ,ie along the lines of action of breastOr spring lines respectively.Additionally, they are almost always much longer than the breast lines and soTake a reduced share of the load. However, where the jetty layout prevents theuse of the forward and aft lines as breast or spring lines only, the contributionof headlines and stern lines to the overall security should not be ignored.The most extreme conditions , ie light ship and combined beam wind andproduce a resultant force vector within about 25 degreesTransverse forceFig. 3In the example illustrated in Fig. 3, with the headlines leading at 45 degrees tothe breast lines, the contribution of the headlines to the total transverserestraint is only about 26% of the whole. Even if the total resultant force alignswith a headline, the line takes only 41% of the load, with the breastline andspring line sharing the remaining 59 % .wires or Synthetic Fibre RopesThe key factors tor any wire or rope are strength, which is usually describedby reference to minimum breaking load, and elasticity, which is a measure ofits stretch under load.Synthetic fibre ropes are adequately strong and of a reasonable size for mooring small tomedium size ship, but for large sized ships the rope may become too large to handle unless fitted on self stowing winches .Further, the handling of a large number of such ropes would be difficult .In addition, most synthetic fibre ropes stretch far more than wire .A typical figure for the extension of a nylon rope at maximum load is in excess of 30%compared with 11/2 % for a wire. As the mooring ropes of a VLCC may reach 70to 100 metres, it is clear that a normal synthetic fibre rope mooring system isunlikely to provide the accurate positioning demanded by the loading arms[Despite the above comments it should be noted that there is a group ofsynthetic mooring ropes (the "Aramides" or "Aramid fibre ropes") which havebeen developed fairly recently and which have an extension comparable with that of wire. However, their high cost generally limits them to specialist applications Whilst smaller ships may be equipped With synthetic fibre lines, it is normal forlarger ships to be equipped with wires fitted to self stowing .Even onsmaller ships, wires, if fitted, are normally on self stowing winches for ease and safety of handling, and on new buildings it is common practice for the syntheticlines to be fitted to self stowing winches .A synthetic fibre rope fitted to a self-stowing winch is sometimes provided ateach end of the ship. its purpose is to act as the "first line ashore” as its lightweight and buoyancy make for easy handling in a mooring boat, on the jettyand on board, and it can thus be sent ashore easily when the ship is somedistance from the berth (Fig. 4). It can then be used to assist in heaving the ship alongside the berth. However, because of its greater elasticity it should not be considered as part of the actual mooring system unless the other head andstern lines are of a similar material.Elasticitythe elasticity of mooring lines is important because it determines how the totalload will be shared between a number of lines.If two lines of the same size and material are run out in the same direction andpre-tensioned, but one is secured to a hook twice as far away as the other, theshorter line will take 2/3 of any additionally imposed load, the longer one only 1/3 . Therefore . two or more lines leading in the same direction should, as far aspossible, be of the same length.Hence, two or more lines leading in the same direction should always be of theSame material. Never mix wire and soft moorings if you can avoid it.Elasticity of a given type of line also varies with diameter . with a larger rope extending less thean a smaller rope . Although this is unlikely to be an important factor , as mooring lines on a ship are usually of a uniform diameter ,it should be borne in mind when ordering new mooring lines .First Line AshoreAlthough a synthetic fibre rope will not normally give much help in an all- wiremooring system owing to its higher elasticity, a "first line ashore” (if carried)is usually fitted onto a self-stowing winch of some kind. Hence this rope canbe used to supplement the other moorings in an emergency by heaving at itsfull capacity. If the other head and stern lines are of similar material, then thisline can be considered as part of the mooring system.Vertical Angle (Dip)Whenever a line is unable to act in exactly the same direction as the force itis trying to withstand, its holding power is reduced. Hence a short line to a mooring hook substantially lower than the ship's fairlead will be of limited value. The effectiveness is proportional to the cosine of the angle the line makes to the horizontal, ie for 30 degrees the line is 87% effective and .for45 degrees, 71% effective (Fig. 6).Mixed MooringsNot every ship is fortunate enough to possess an all-wire or all – synthetic mooring outfit and in such cases the best must be made of a mixture of wire and synthetic fibre ropes.The earlier discussion indicated that the best procedure is to use. Wherever possible, the wires for the spring and breast lines. The synthetic ropes are best reserved for headlines and stern lines, and for heaving alongside the berth Nylon TailsAlthough wire moorings provide the most effective mooring system by reason of their low elasticity, that same low elasticity can also pose its own problem particularly at berths where sea and swell, or perhaps passing ships, could impart shock (dynamic) loadings to the mooring system. In such case there may be insufficient elasticity to prevent failure of the mooring wires .This problem can be overcome by introducing a degree of elasticity by attaching nylon tails to the end of the wires and these are attached by meansof a special joining shackle designed to minimise wear on the wire. The use of an ordinary "D" or "bow" shackle should be avoided as this will quickly damage both wire and tail.In order to keep the additional elasticity to the minimum required to prevent wire failure, the length of the 'tail should not exceed 11m, and because nylon tails are likely to deteriorate more rapidly than wire, they should be at least 25 % stronger the wires to which they are attached and should be inspected frequently or replaced at regular intervals. The eyes of the tails should be covered in leather or plastic sheathing to protect them from chafing.When tails are used, the shackle may cause increased wear on the eye of the wire, and this area should be inspected at regular intervals.Chapter 2 MOORING WINCHESMooring winches can be driven by steam, electric or hydraulic mortarAlthough steam is very common, many newer vessels are fitted with hydraulic equipment; electric winches are not common on board tankers.Render and HeaveWhatever the power source, all mooring winches will be affected to a greateror lesser degree by a charact eristic known as "Render/Heave Ratio “ The term "Render" is defined as the force required to turn the winch in the opposite direction when set to heave with the driving force applied.With hydraulic and electric driven winches, the render value is constant butwith steam winches the render value varies. This is because the torque availableis dependent upon the position of the pistons. Fig. 8 is typical of a two-cylinder machine.5Winch manufacturers have endeavored to solve this problem in differentways, and for a given Render value the heaving power available varies as showin the table.As can be seen, the Render/Heave ratio can vary between 1.17 and 2.3 becauseOf the differing mechanical advantages of different winches. It should be noted that the heaving power is always less than the render force and it is thus impossible to heave in after a winch has rendered unless there is a change in the forces acting on the mooring .many ships are equipped with self-tensioning winches with the intention of eliminating the need for line tending. These are designed so that a specifiedline tension can be pre-set, and the winch will render (pay out) when tensionin the line exceeds this value, and will recover (heave in) when it is less thanthis valuehowever, experience has shown that the use of such winches whilst the shipis alongside is not a safe practice because the winch restraint is limited to its render load, which is small compared to what it can hold on the brake. It is possible for the winches at opposite ends of the ship to work against each other when an external force caused by either wind or current or both is applied to one end so that the ship could "walk" along the jetty. In the simple illustrationa ship is shown moored by one line at each end.should the bow winch render a little for any reason (ie, a change in directionOr force of wind or current) some wire w¡- pay out, which cannot be heavedon to the drum again because the heaving force of a winch is always less than its render force and it is not possible to heave in until the external force which caused it to render is reduced. Consequently, the ship drifts astern a little andthe after mooring begins to slack. The aft winch then heaves in that slack andre-tensions the line. If the disturbance is repeated or continuous the ship will move progressively astern.Mooring ;winches should not therefore be left in automatic self-tensioning mode once the ship is secured alongside. On completion of mooring the winch should beleft brake on and out of gear.Winch brakesThe holding power of winch brakes varies from ship to ship ,but will always be designed to exceed the "render" value of the winch.The above statement is dependent upon several factors which are discusserbelow.Correct LayeringThe number of layers of line on the drum effects the brake holding powerThe force at which the brake will slip will vary , dependent up on the number of layers of wore left on the drum ,and the more layers of wire on the drum the greater will be the reduction of brake holding power .Non Split Drum WinchesThe brake holding capacity for these winches (non split drum) will always bequoted for a specific number of layers. In order to minimise any reduction inbrake holding power, the line should always be reeled on to the drum in asymmetrical pattern and not allowed to pile up on one side or in the centreHowever, due to the length of line involved, it may not always be possibleachieve this in practice.Split drum winchesThis design minimises crushing damage and is normally only used with wires The brake holding capacity for these winches is always quoted for only a single layer of wire on the tension drumwhen using; this equipment, difficulty may be experienced when:(a) Manhandling the wire from the storage drum to the tension drum(b) Judging the correct length of wire so that only one layer of wire is presenton the tension drum all the time the ship is alongside.Correct ReelingThe line must be reeled on to the winch drum in the right direction manner.Band brakes are designed for the line to pu)l directly against the fixed end ofthe brake band. Fig. 12 shows the correct method of reelingReeling the line on to the drum in the wrong direction may reduce the brake holding power by up to 50%. Winch drums should be marked to indicate the correct reeling direction.Winches fitted with disc brakes are not subject to this problem。
奥地利国家自然科学基金
奥地利国家自然科学基金奥地利国家自然科学基金(Austrian Science Fund, FWF)是奥地利最重要的基础研究资助机构之一,其宗旨是促进奥地利在自然科学领域的研究与发展。
FWF的使命是培养人才、推动创新、为科学做出贡献。
奥地利国家自然科学基金成立于1968年,由国家科学与研究部门和大学共同创立。
基金的工作重点是支持具有科学研究追求的项目,尤其是革新性和高风险的项目。
FWF非常注重学术自由和独立性,鼓励研究者进行开创性的研究,并提供资金支持和科研网络。
FWF的项目资助范围包括基础研究、青年科学家项目、博士生项目、科学装置设备、国际合作项目等。
基金通过一个严格的评审流程来确定哪些项目将获得资助。
评审过程包括对研究提案的评估、专家评委会审查和对项目负责人的面试。
通过这一流程,FWF确保了科学项目的高质量和公平性。
FWF资助的研究项目涉及各个自然科学领域,如物理学、化学、生物学、地质学、数学等。
它提供了广泛的研究主题和方向,从基础研究到应用研究,从理论研究到实证研究,从小规模的项目到大型合作项目。
FWF还鼓励研究者参与国际科学合作项目,与其他国家的科研机构和研究人员合作。
这种跨国科学合作不仅有助于扩大研究的影响力和可持续性,还提供了共享资源和知识的机会。
通过支持优秀的研究项目和培养青年科学家,FWF在促进奥地利科学与技术发展方面发挥了重要的作用。
它推动了科学知识的传播和创新成果的转化,为社会经济发展做出了贡献。
总而言之,奥地利国家自然科学基金是奥地利科学研究的中流砥柱,为科学家提供了丰富的资源和机会,推动了奥地利在自然科学领域的发展。
其重点是支持创新性和高风险的项目,鼓励学术自由和独立性,并积极促进国际科学合作。
未来,FWF将继续致力于提高奥地利在科学领域的竞争力,促进科学与社会的融合。
欧洲研究理事会科学委员会关于开放获取的指南
欧洲研究理事会科学委员会关于开放获取的指南
王秀华
【期刊名称】《图书情报工作动态》
【年(卷),期】2008(000)001
【摘要】根据开放获取声明,欧洲研究理事会科学委员会(ERC, European Research Council)近日发布了临时过渡立场的开放获取政策。
政策要点如下:1.欧洲研究理事会要求所有来自欧洲研究理事会资助的研究项目的同行评议的出版物在出版之后存储到合适的研究知识库中,如PubMed Central,arXiv或机构知识库中,在出版6个月后开放获取。
【总页数】1页(P21)
【作者】王秀华
【作者单位】无
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G325.61
【相关文献】
1.欧洲研究性大学联盟发布开放研究数据声明和出版物开放获取声明 [J], 无;朱曼曼(编译);
2.SPARC欧洲在欧盟理事会关于科学资源开放获取与长期保存的公众听证会上的声明 [J], SPARC;张倩(编译)
3.ERC科学理事会发布修订的开放获取指南 [J], 叶兰
4.欧洲研究开放获取基础设施和开放获取知识库联盟共同向欧盟委员会科学2.0
的意见咨询提出8点建议 [J], 张梦霞;陆彩女
5.全球图书馆开放获取和开放内容现状调查与启示——基于《图书馆开放内容活动:方向相同,轨迹不同——来自2018年OCLC全球理事会调查结果》报告解读 [J], 宗兴慧;王芳;罗皓洁
因版权原因,仅展示原文概要,查看原文内容请购买。
国外专利申请溢出、传导与中国区域技术进步——基于全国29个省市面板数据的实证分析
The Impact of Foreign Patent Applications Spillover and Conduction on Regional Technological Progress in China ---Empirical Analysis on Panel Data of 29
Provinces and Cities
作者: 张经强
作者机构: 北方工业大学经济管理学院,北京100144
出版物刊名: 中国科技论坛
页码: 156-160页
年卷期: 2010年 第2期
主题词: 国外专利申请;技术溢出与传导;区域技术进步;实证研究
摘要:本文在CH模型的基础上,对变量进行扩展,构建了国外专利申请溢出的传导模型,
并采用全国29个省市1990--2007的数据,运用计量回归方法,实证研究了国外专利申请溢出
对我国区域技术进步的影响。
结果表明,国外专利申请在中国各区域都产生了技术溢出,这种
溢出促进了地区技术进步,但由于国外专利申请溢出在各区域之间的传导存在差异,则对区域
技术进步的影响也存在着一定的差异,其中这种技术溢出对中部地区的技术进步影响最大,其
次是东北地区,对东部和西部地区技术进步的影响最小。
2021年度国家自然科学基金委员会与比利时弗兰德研究基金会合作研究项目指南(2021)
2021年度国家自然科学基金委员会与比利时弗兰德研究基金会合作研究项目指南(2021)根据国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC)与比利时弗兰德研究基金会(FWO)的双边合作协议,2021年度双方将共同资助中国与比利时荷语区科研人员之间的合作研究项目。
一、项目说明(一)资助领域和申请代码数理科学、化学、生命科学、地球科学、工程与材料科学、信息科学、管理科学、医学。
申请代码1须根据研究内容选择对应的申请代码,建议选至最末一级。
(二)资助强度中方资助强度不超过200万元/项(直接费用),包括研究经费和国际合作交流费用。
(三)资助期限资助期限为3年,申请书中的研究期限应填写2022年1月1日至2024年12月31日。
二、申请人条件根据《国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作研究项目管理办法》,申请本项目须符合以下条件:(一)中方申请人应具有高级专业技术职务(职称),应作为负责人正在承担或承担过3年期及以上国家自然科学基金项目。
(二)比方申请人应符合FWO对本国申请人的资格要求,并按照要求向FWO提交申请。
单方提交的申请将不予受理。
注:应FWO要求,请中方申请人和所有参与人在略-eloket.be/FWO.ELoket.WebUI/Login.aspx完成注册。
账号申请需要24小时,建议尽早完成注册,未注册的申请将不予受理。
(三)合作双方有良好的合作基础,项目申请应体现强强合作和优势互补。
(四)关于申请条件的详细说明请见《2021年度国家自然科学基金项目指南》。
三、限项申请规定国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作研究项目包括组织间国际(地区)合作研究项目和重点国际(地区)合作研究项目。
本项目属于组织间国际(地区)合作研究项目,申请人申请时须遵循以下限项规定:(一)申请人同年只能申请1项国际(地区)合作研究项目。
(二)正在承担国际(地区)合作研究项目的负责人,不得作为申请人申请本项目。
(三)申请代码1选择管理科学部申请代码的申请人,需符合自然科学基金委管理科学部项目与国家社会科学基金项目联合限制申请的有关规定,详见:略。
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Anchoring Systems and Procedures2nd Edition 2010 OCIMF Barge Safety (Liquefied Cargoes in Bulk)1st Edition 1999 OCIMF
Best Management Practices for Protection against Somalia Based Piracy (BMP4) 2011 OCIMF and other
industry
organisations
Clean Seas Guide for Oil tankers4th Edition 1994 ICS/OCIMF
Competence Assurance Guidelines for F(P)SOs1st Edition 2009 OCIMF
Contingency Planning and Crew Response Guide for Gas
Carrier Damage at Sea and in Port Approaches
3rd Edition 1999 ICS/OCIMF/SIGTTO Design and Construction Specification for Marine Loading Arms3rd Edition 1999 OCIMF
Disabled Tankers - Report of Studies on Ship Drift and Towage1st Edition 1981 OCIMF
Drift Characteristics of 50,000 to 70,000 DWT Tankers1st Edition 1982 OCIMF
Effective Mooring3rd Edition 2010 OCIMF
F(P)SO Poster1st Edition OCIMF
Guide to Contingency Planning for the Gas Carrier Alongside
and Within Port Limits
2nd Edition 1999 ICS/OCIMF/SIGTTO
Guide to Manufacturing and Purchasing Hoses for Offshore
Moorings (GMPHOM)
5th Edition 2009 OCIMF
Guidelines for the Design, Operation and Maintenance of Multi
Buoy Moorings (MBM)
1st Edition 2010 OCIMF Guidelines for the Purchasing and Testing of SPM Hawsers1st Edition 2000 OCIMF
Hawser Test Report1st Edition 1982 OCIMF International Safety Guide for Inland Navigation Tank-Barges
and Terminals (ISGINTT)
2010
International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals
(ISGOTT)
5th Edition 2006 IAPH/ICS/OCIMF Jetty Maintenance and Inspection Guide1st Edition 2008 OCIMF/SIGTTO Manifold Recommendations for Liquefied Gas Carriers1st Edition 2011 SIGTTO/OCIMF
Marine Terminal Management and Self Assessment (MTMSA)1st Edition 2012 OCIMF
Marine Terminal Operator Competence and Training Guide
(MTOCT)
1st Edition 2013 OCIMF Mooring Equipment Guidelines (MEG3)3rd Edition 2008 OCIMF
Offshore Loading Safety Guidelines with special relevance to
harsh weather zones
1st Edition 1999 OCIMF Offshore Vessel Management and Self Assessment (OVMSA)1st Edition 2012 OCIMF Peril at Sea and Salvage A Guide for Masters (ebook only)5th Edition 1998 ICS/OCIMF Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships.1st Edition 2000 OCIMF Prevention of Oil Spillage Through Pumproom Sea Valves2nd Edition 1991 ICS/OCIMF Recommendations for Equipment Employed in the Bow
Mooring of Conventional Tankers at Single Point Moorings
4th Edition 2007 OCIMF
Recommendations for Oil Tanker Manifolds and Associated
Equipment
4th Edition 1991 OCIMF
Safe Transfer of Liquefied Gas in an Offshore Environment
(STOLGOE)
1st Edition 2010 OCIMF Ship to Ship Service Provider Management1st Edition 2011 OCIMF
Ship to Ship Transfer Guide for Petroleum, Chemicals and Liquefied Gases 1st Edition 2013 OCIMF, CDI, ICS,
SIGTTO
Single Point Mooring Maintenance and Operations Guide2nd Edition 1995 OCIMF
SPM Hose System Design Commentary (ebook only)2nd Edition 1993 OCIMF Survival Craft - A Seafarers' Guide1st Edition 2009 OCIMF
Tandem Mooring and Offloading Guidelines for Conventional
Tankers at F(P)SO Facilities
1st Edition 2009 OCIMF
Tanker Management and Self Assessment - A Best Practice
Guide for Vessel Operations
2nd Edition 2008 OCIMF
The Use of Large Tankers in Seasonal First-Year Ice and
Severe Sub-Zero Conditions
1st Edition 2010 OCIMF。