翻译的语言对比规律II

2). 语序和句子重心差异
英语句子和汉语句子的重心相同，一般都落在结 果结论等上，但重心的位置不同，英语一般是前 重心，而汉语句子一般是后重心。
PS.现代汉语行文表述顺序大致有以下倾向：先说 条件、前提，后说结论、断语；先交待时间、地 点，后交待事件、人物行为；先推出背景、前因， 后摆出发展和后果；先铺述一般，后刻划具体等 等。多层次叙述时，大体上也是从广到窄、从大 到小、从远到近、从先到后等。
祈使句、存现句、有无句、描写句、说明 句等。 2）除动词外，形容词、名词等其他词类 也可充当谓语。
英汉句法对比
3、英汉句式结构相同点
基本结构：主语+谓语+宾语
E.g. 1)A woman’s friendship ever ends in love.
一、英汉句法对比
3、英汉句式结构相同点
Ordered！Oh, everything is ordered when a person has to find some way out when he has been stupid.
命中注定！啊，一个人干出了傻事，要替自 己找理由，那就什么都是命中注定！
All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.
基本结构：主语+谓语+宾语
E.g. 1)A woman’s friendship ever ends in love. 女人的友谊最后总会变成爱情。
4. 英汉句法差异
1）形合（hypotaxis）与意合（parataxis） 形合：句中的词语或分句之间需要一种语
言形式手段（如连词或关联词）连接起来， 表达一定的语法意义和逻辑关系
意合：词语或分句之间不用语言形式手段 进行连接，句中的语法意义和逻辑关系通 过词语或分句的含义来表达。
Even if I were to be beaten to death, I will not tell. 打死我也不说。
A state which dwarfs its men, in order that they may be more docile instruments in its hands even for beneficial purposes will find that with small men no great thing can really be accomplished.
一个政府压制它的人民,以便使其成为自己 手中的驯服工具——即使是为了正当的目 的——它也会发现,靠受压制的人是不可能 真正成就什么大事的。
出西门，循山脚，高低约数里，渐见山峰 屹立，石作横纹。
出西门，循山脚，高低约数里，渐见山峰 屹立，石作横纹。ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Following him passed the Western Gate, I went along the foot of the hill for about several of undulating country, when a mountain peak with rocks in horizontal formations gradually came into view.
The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country.
As we resumed walking I blurted out, “It’s a lucky thing it happened that way. You wouldn’t have met Mother.(教材)
我们继续往前走，我又冒出一句话：“这样 倒是一件幸事。不然你就遇不上妈妈了。”
第五章
翻译的语言对比规律 （2）
英汉语言差异
一、语义差异 二、词法差异 三、句法差异 四、思维差异
一、英汉句法对比
1、英语基本句式 SV（主+谓） SVP（主+系+表） SVO（主+谓+宾） SVoO（主+谓+间宾+直宾） SVOC（主+谓+宾+宾补）
英汉句法对比
2、汉语基本句式 1）话题句、施事句、关系句、呼叹句、
A state which dwarfs its men, in order that they may be more docile instruments in its hands even for beneficial purposes will find that with small men no great thing can really be accomplished.
own hands the destiny of their own country. 小国人民敢于起来斗争，敢于拿起武器， 掌握自己国家的命运，就一定能够战胜大 国的侵略。
3.基于句法差异的翻译对策
1）连接手段略去不译（分词、介词、连词、 关系代词、关系副词、系动词等）
E.g. Smoking is prohibited in public. 公共场所，禁止吸烟。 If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
The people of a small country can
certainly defeat aggression by a big
country, if only they dare to rise in struggle,
dare to take up arms and grasp in their