英汉翻译第11章(定语从句)
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English-Chinese Translation （英汉翻译 ）
Linda
源自文库 第十一章 定语从句的翻译
定语从句是汉语中没有，英语中广泛使用的从句之一。 英国语法家罗伯特.瓦伦丁（Robert Balentine）: “Attributives are to a sentence what feather are to a peacock. As fine feathers make a fine bird, so graceful attributes make a graceful sentence.” “定语之于句子，犹如羽毛之于孔雀。只有漂亮的羽毛 才能装饰成美丽的孔雀；同样，优雅的定语才能修饰 出美妙的句子。”
Exercises:
1. He was not at ease with those who made diplomacy heir profession, particularly ambassadors. 2. The great inviolate place had the ancient permanence which the sea cannot claim. 3. the face she lifted to her dancers was the same which, when she saw him, always looked like a window that has caught the sunset. 4. Occasionally, there would be the days when my depression would dissipate temporarily.
二、非限定性定语从句
（一）前置法 适用于较短且具有描写性的英语非限定性的 定语从句 A little hamlet, whose roofs were blended with trees, straggled up the side of one of these hills. 房顶和树掺杂着的小村落，散布在山的一边。
2.译成并列分句，省略关系代词所代表的含 义 When she was lost to his view ,he pursued his homeward way, glancing up sometimes at the sky ,where the clouds were sailing fast and wildly. 直到看不见她了，他才向家走去，有时抬头 望望天空，乌云在翻滚奔驰。
（2）译成独立句 He had talked to vice-president Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他保证， 凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。
2.译成表“结果”的分句 She seeks happiness in selfish enjoyment, where it can never be found. 她在自私的享乐中寻求幸福，结果是永远也 找到不幸福。 主任让我明天交报告，我只好晚上加班了。 The chief told me to hand in the report tomorrow, which means I have to put in some extra hours this evening.
（二）后置法 1.译成并列分句，重复英语先行词 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which，in the past ,many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想努力，这个理想是每个中国 人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为这个理想牺牲 了自己的生命。 The lion eats the zebra that eats the grass. The snake catches the toad that eats the insects that nibbles the green leaves. 狮子吃斑马，斑马吃青草。虫子吃绿叶，蛤蟆嚼虫子， 蛇吞癞蛤蟆。
译文： 1 ） 会把知识分子定义为这样的人：他把用苏格拉底方式思 考道德问题作为人生的主要任务和乐趣。 2）知识分子的作用与法官相似，他必须接受一种义务，那就 是在尽可能清楚的事情中揭示导致其做出决定的推理过程。 3）我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成就可 能有助于解决道德问题，但他还没承担起研究道德问题事实 方面以外的任何责任。 4） 知识分子可能很会教书，而且不仅仅是挣工资，但是他 们大部分人对涉及道德判断的人类问题很少或者根本不进行 独立思考。 5） 但是，普通科学家的主要任务并非思考指导其行为的道 德规范，正如我们并不指望商人把精力投入到商业行为的探 索一样。
英语定语成分与汉语定语成分差异： 1.从位置上看，汉语中定语一般前置，且不宜过长， 汉语习惯用短词，短句；英语中的除单词外的定语 一般后置，长而复杂。 2.从功能上看，汉语的定语只对中心词起修饰和限 定作用，而英语的定语成分除起修饰和限定作用之 外，还含有补充，交代细节，分层叙述，以及表示 条件，原因，目的，结果，让步，转折或假设等关 系。
2.译成并列分句，省略英语先行词 A fuel is a material that will burn under a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当的温度下能够燃烧 并放出热量。
（三）融合法 There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 “we are a nation that must beg to stay a live” said he. 我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。
2.译成并列分句，重复关系代词所代表的含义，在 译文中前置 World warⅡ was ,however, more complex than World warⅠ, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets , resources and territories. 第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场，资 源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战比第一次世界 大战更复杂
3.译成表“让步”的分句 My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically. 虽然我的助手在做实验之前已从头到脚仔细阅读过 说明书，但由于他死搬硬套，所以不能得到满意的 结果。
译文赏析 (2006 年全国英语考研翻译试题 ): 1 ） I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic( 苏格拉底 ) way about moral problems. 2 ） His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. 3 ） I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 4 ） But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 5 ） They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems ， which involve moral judgment.
一、限定性定语从句
（一）前置法 They were sons of the men who had left their homes and gone to the mountains with their broads swords by their side. 他们就是那些抛妻别子，身背大刀进入深山的好汉们 的后代。 道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名 The Tao that is utterable is not the external Tao; the name that is namable is not the external name.
三、兼有状语功能的定语从句
1.译成表“原因”的分句 We know that a cat ,whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes ,can see clearly in the night. 我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸 收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得清楚
4.译成表“目的”的分句 He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. 他想写一篇文章，以便引起公众对这件事的 注意。 5. 译成表“条件”“假设”的分句
Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be drived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. 如果以为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来，他就是 一个唯心主义者 6.译成表“伴随”的分句 He always makes fun of anyone with whom he chats. 他老是一边和人聊天，以便和他开玩笑。
（二）后置法 （1）译成并列分句 1.译成并列分句，重复关系代词所代表的含义，在译 文中后置 The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittles, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear. 厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫布利 特尔关，布利特尔又叫补锅匠关，而补锅匠装着没听 见。 厂长已决定让300多名工人下岗，对此他们本人暂时 还一无所知。 The factory director has decided to lay off over three hundred workers, none of whom knows anything about it.
English-Chinese Translation （英汉翻译 ）
Linda
源自文库 第十一章 定语从句的翻译
定语从句是汉语中没有，英语中广泛使用的从句之一。 英国语法家罗伯特.瓦伦丁（Robert Balentine）: “Attributives are to a sentence what feather are to a peacock. As fine feathers make a fine bird, so graceful attributes make a graceful sentence.” “定语之于句子，犹如羽毛之于孔雀。只有漂亮的羽毛 才能装饰成美丽的孔雀；同样，优雅的定语才能修饰 出美妙的句子。”
Exercises:
1. He was not at ease with those who made diplomacy heir profession, particularly ambassadors. 2. The great inviolate place had the ancient permanence which the sea cannot claim. 3. the face she lifted to her dancers was the same which, when she saw him, always looked like a window that has caught the sunset. 4. Occasionally, there would be the days when my depression would dissipate temporarily.
二、非限定性定语从句
（一）前置法 适用于较短且具有描写性的英语非限定性的 定语从句 A little hamlet, whose roofs were blended with trees, straggled up the side of one of these hills. 房顶和树掺杂着的小村落，散布在山的一边。
2.译成并列分句，省略关系代词所代表的含 义 When she was lost to his view ,he pursued his homeward way, glancing up sometimes at the sky ,where the clouds were sailing fast and wildly. 直到看不见她了，他才向家走去，有时抬头 望望天空，乌云在翻滚奔驰。
（2）译成独立句 He had talked to vice-president Nixon, who assured him that everything that could be done would be done. 他和副总统尼克松谈过话。副总统向他保证， 凡是能够做到的都将竭尽全力去做。
2.译成表“结果”的分句 She seeks happiness in selfish enjoyment, where it can never be found. 她在自私的享乐中寻求幸福，结果是永远也 找到不幸福。 主任让我明天交报告，我只好晚上加班了。 The chief told me to hand in the report tomorrow, which means I have to put in some extra hours this evening.
（二）后置法 1.译成并列分句，重复英语先行词 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which，in the past ,many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他们正在为实现一个理想努力，这个理想是每个中国 人所珍爱的，在过去，许多中国人曾为这个理想牺牲 了自己的生命。 The lion eats the zebra that eats the grass. The snake catches the toad that eats the insects that nibbles the green leaves. 狮子吃斑马，斑马吃青草。虫子吃绿叶，蛤蟆嚼虫子， 蛇吞癞蛤蟆。
译文： 1 ） 会把知识分子定义为这样的人：他把用苏格拉底方式思 考道德问题作为人生的主要任务和乐趣。 2）知识分子的作用与法官相似，他必须接受一种义务，那就 是在尽可能清楚的事情中揭示导致其做出决定的推理过程。 3）我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成就可 能有助于解决道德问题，但他还没承担起研究道德问题事实 方面以外的任何责任。 4） 知识分子可能很会教书，而且不仅仅是挣工资，但是他 们大部分人对涉及道德判断的人类问题很少或者根本不进行 独立思考。 5） 但是，普通科学家的主要任务并非思考指导其行为的道 德规范，正如我们并不指望商人把精力投入到商业行为的探 索一样。
英语定语成分与汉语定语成分差异： 1.从位置上看，汉语中定语一般前置，且不宜过长， 汉语习惯用短词，短句；英语中的除单词外的定语 一般后置，长而复杂。 2.从功能上看，汉语的定语只对中心词起修饰和限 定作用，而英语的定语成分除起修饰和限定作用之 外，还含有补充，交代细节，分层叙述，以及表示 条件，原因，目的，结果，让步，转折或假设等关 系。
2.译成并列分句，省略英语先行词 A fuel is a material that will burn under a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当的温度下能够燃烧 并放出热量。
（三）融合法 There are many people who want to see the film. 许多人要看这部电影。 “we are a nation that must beg to stay a live” said he. 我们这个国家不讨饭就活不下去。
2.译成并列分句，重复关系代词所代表的含义，在 译文中前置 World warⅡ was ,however, more complex than World warⅠ, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets , resources and territories. 第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之间争夺市场，资 源和领土的冲突，而第二次世界大战比第一次世界 大战更复杂
3.译成表“让步”的分句 My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results, because he followed them mechanically. 虽然我的助手在做实验之前已从头到脚仔细阅读过 说明书，但由于他死搬硬套，所以不能得到满意的 结果。
译文赏析 (2006 年全国英语考研翻译试题 ): 1 ） I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic( 苏格拉底 ) way about moral problems. 2 ） His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. 3 ） I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 4 ） But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 5 ） They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems ， which involve moral judgment.
一、限定性定语从句
（一）前置法 They were sons of the men who had left their homes and gone to the mountains with their broads swords by their side. 他们就是那些抛妻别子，身背大刀进入深山的好汉们 的后代。 道可道，非常道；名可名，非常名 The Tao that is utterable is not the external Tao; the name that is namable is not the external name.
三、兼有状语功能的定语从句
1.译成表“原因”的分句 We know that a cat ,whose eyes can take in many more rays of light than our eyes ,can see clearly in the night. 我们知道由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸 收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看得清楚
4.译成表“目的”的分句 He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. 他想写一篇文章，以便引起公众对这件事的 注意。 5. 译成表“条件”“假设”的分句
Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be drived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist. 如果以为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来，他就是 一个唯心主义者 6.译成表“伴随”的分句 He always makes fun of anyone with whom he chats. 他老是一边和人聊天，以便和他开玩笑。
（二）后置法 （1）译成并列分句 1.译成并列分句，重复关系代词所代表的含义，在译 文中后置 The cook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked Brittles, who asked the tinker, who pretended not to hear. 厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫布利 特尔关，布利特尔又叫补锅匠关，而补锅匠装着没听 见。 厂长已决定让300多名工人下岗，对此他们本人暂时 还一无所知。 The factory director has decided to lay off over three hundred workers, none of whom knows anything about it.