人教版必修三第4单元教案
人教版高中英语必修3 第4单元grammar---教学设计
Teaching plan 必修3 第4单元Analysis of teaching materialThis is the 3rd teaching period of this unit. We mainly deal with the grammar: Noun clauses as the subject. Students often feel this item abstract and difficult, so it is necessary to make the lesson interesting and connect it with their daily life.Objectives1. Knowledge objects:a) The students will be able to recognize the subject clause.b) The students will be able to master the connectors in the subject clause.c) The students will be able to use subject clauses in their expressions correctly andproperly.Ability objects:(1)To develop the students ' abilities of doing exercises and writing.(2)To train the students 'ability of working in pairs.(3)To enhance students ' ability of grammar learning.3. Emotion or moral objects:By completing the task, the students can increase their interest and set up self-confidence in grammar learning.Teaching focus and difficultyTeaching focusGet students to learn and master the new grammar: subject clause.Teaching difficulty* Enable students to make up their own sentences with subject clause.1* Help students how to cooperate and work with each other.Teaching proceduresStep1 Lead inListen to an English song and complete the lyrics.Although loneliness has always been a friend of mineI'm leaving my life in your handsPeople say ①I'm crazy and that I am blindRisking it all in a glance②How you got me blind is still a mysteryI can't get you out of my headDon't care ③what is written in you historyAs long as you're here with meI don't care ④who you are,where you're from,wha t you didAs long as you love meWho you areWhere you're fromDon't care ⑤what you didAs long as you love meEvery little thing that you have said and doneFeels like it's deep within meDoesn’t really matter if you're on the runIt seems like(as if)⑥ we're meant to beask students to find out the Object clauses and Predicative clauseObject clauses _________________________Predicative clauses _____________________I am a teacher.The book is funny.Seeing is believingThe cause is still a mysteryHow you got me blind is still a mystery(谜)Ask the students to observe the given sentences, and then introduce the definition of the subject clause.This activity is designed to arouse the students’ interest and review what they have learnt in unit 3 about grammar.Step2.Learn subjective clauses1 )Pick out subject clausesHow you got me blind is still a mystery.That she had won the first prize made the girl very happy.What he said is not true.What they need is a dictionary.2) pick out the subject clauses in the reading text1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago.2.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on itssurface.3.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth todissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.4.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.5.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend onwhether this problem will be solved.This activity is designed to ask the students to consolidate the feature of the subject clause. Step3 Learn about the connectors.Who will go makes no difference.Which is the best is not certain.Why dinosaurs died out is still unknown.When we will get together has not been decided.How she can keep healthy is a secret. Whether he will come is not very important.That he was late again made me angry.Where they will go is unknown.That she missed the chance is really a pity.Get the students to sum up the connectors in the given sentences.what, who, which ,when, where, why, how ,that , whetherThis activity is designed to make the students learn about the usage of the connectors. Step 4 Learn and Practice1) Ask the students to fill in the blanks:1___________ is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.2.___________ wild life can be well protected is very important.3._____________ will go makes no difference.4._____________ dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.5. It hasn’t been decided yet ______________ the restaurant will open.6.___________ he will join us or not won’t really matter.7 .____________ is troubling me is t hat I can’t follow him.8.It is a pity _________ you have to leave now.9.____________ the meeting will be held next week hasn’t been decided yet.10.____________ ream will win the match is still unknown.2.) Make some sentences using subject clauses according to the pictures.1)Which star he come unknownWhich star he came from is unknown.2) what make Kimi happy drink milkWhat makes Kimi happy is to drink milk.3)it, report , the final competition, hold ,this Friday night.It is reported that the final competition will be held this Friday night. 4) what shock us the Malaysian disasterWhat shocked us is the Malaysian disaster5)it obvious Mr.Zeng confidentIt is obvious that Mr. Zeng is confidentThis activity is designed to make the students use the conjunctional words and the subject clausesStep 5 Learn and UseCompare the following passages and then complete the passage B according to the Chinese sentences.ASomeone has told us that we will have an English party next week. But we don’t know when we will hold the party and where we will hold it. Li Sha said that it isn’t important who will be the host. Yang fang said that our monitor is the right person for it, but he will be out on business next week.B____________________________(我们已经被告知)there is going to be an English party next week, but we don’t know the exact time and place. “I tmakes no difference ______________________________________________________(我们将在什么时候,什么地方举行这次聚会), but it matters a lot___________________________(谁将主持这次聚会).Do you think so?” said Li Sha. Hearing ________________________________(她所说的), Yang Fang said our monitor is right person for it, but the question is ________________________________________________(他将外出出差) at the same time.This activity is design to help the students can use the noun clauses in writing. Step 6 Sum upStep7 HomeworkWrite a self-introduction using more noun clauses.Blackboard design.Unit5 AstronomySubject ClauseConnectors:that whetherwhat which who whom when why where how It is said that…It is reported that…It is adj that…。
英语 人教必修版 第三册教案 Unit4
二、教学方法建议(一)主题任务(Core task)根据本单元的中心话题,建议设计以下三个任务供教师参考,并根据实际情况运用任务。
任务一:收集植物活动时间:完成热身、听力及口语之后语言知识要求:与本单元有关的词汇语言技能要求:听、说活动形式:1.个人活动:搜索有关植物的知识,记录整理:2.小组活动:四至五人一组,小组同学互相介绍自己搜集的植物,然后推选一至两人到班上展示。
3.班级活动:各组学生代表用表格、图片或课件等形式向同学介绍该植物。
其他同学做记录,尽可能多地了解植物。
任务目的:1.熟悉、认识更多的植物;2.更多地了解植物的特性、象征意义等;3.在实践中运用所学语言及知识,解决生活中的问题。
任务二:小小花卉展(小小生物角)活动时间:贯穿整个单元语言知识要求:与本单元相关的词汇语言技能要求:听、说,读、写活动形式:1.班级活动:本单元一开始,教师布置每个同学(或两人一组)准备一种或一种以上花盆植物,可以是家里现成的,也可以是自己去山上采挖、然后种植于花盆的。
2.个人或两人小组活动:同学分头准备花盆植物,并用英语记录花卉名称、产地、用途、花卉形状、象征涵义等。
3.个人或两人小组活动:记录、观察花卉的生长过程,做观察日记:如土壤要求、气候要求、用水要求、成长变化等。
4.分组活动:6-8人一组,同学之间互相介绍自己所准备的植物,用英语描述、介绍该植物的特性等;然后贴上标签,注明植物名称、标明植物特性,挂上自己做的观察日记。
小组同学互相提出修改意见。
5.班级活动:植物展览,同学互相学习,评出最佳花卉、最佳植物描述、最佳观察日记等。
任务目的:1.培养、激发学生对大自然的热爱;2.尽可能多熟悉、解植物特别是花卉的有关知识;3.培养学生仔细观察、认真记录的习惯,并注意准确记录;4.将所学语言和知识用于实践,学以致用;5.美化、爱护环境。
任务三:生物科学家论坛活动时间:学完“读前”、“阅读”、“读后”、“综合技能”之后语言知识要求:本单元有关词汇语言技能要求:读、写、说、听活动形式:1小组活动:以4-6人为一小组,讨论确定将要介绍的生物科学家。
新人教必修三unit 4 space exploration 全单元教学设计教案(共四部分)
Unit 4 Space ExplorationPeriod 1 Listening &Speaking&Talking教学设计The themes of this part are “Talk about how to become an astronaut” and “Talk about life in space”.As Neil Armstrong said “Mystery creates wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand. Space is difficult for human to reach, therefore, humans are full of wonders about it. However, if wanting to achieve the dream of reaching the Moon, some of our human should work hard to be an astronaut at first. Part A(Talk about how to become an astronaut) is a radio interview in a radio studio, where the host asked the Chinese astronauts about his story how to become an astronaut. Yang Liwei told his dreamed to be an astronaut since childhood. Then he worked hard to get into college at 22. The next 10 years, he gradually became an experienced pilot. At the same time, to be an astronaut, he had to study hard English, science and astronomy and trained hard to keep in good physical and mental health and to practise using space equipment. Part B (Talk about life in space) is also an interview with the astronaut Brown, who is back on the earth. The host Max asked about his space life, such as his emotion about going back the earth, the eating, shower, brushing, hobbies and his work. Part A and Part B are interviews. So expressing curiosity about the guests’ past life is a communicative skill, which students should be guided to learn.1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”4. Students can learn more about the space and astronauts, even be interested in working hard to be an astronaut1. Students can get detailed information about how Yang Liwei became an astronaut and Max’s space life.2. Students learn to proper listening strategy to get detailed information---listening for numbers and taking notes.3. Students can learn related sentences or phrases to express their curiosity like “ I wish to know...” “I’d love to know...”Part A Listening and Speaking--- Talk about how to become an astronautStep 1 Lead in--Small talkLook at the picture on Page 38 and tell your classmates what you can see.I can see the solar system and the Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei waving to us.Step 2 Before-listening1. As for the space exploration, what do you think about ?Space explorationAnswers: space, shuttle, astronaut, spaceship, rocket, space suit, solar system, ...2.Can you name any famous astronauts from China or abroad ?China: Yang Liwei, Wang Yaping, Zhang Xiaoguang,...Abroad: Neil Armstrong, Gagarin,...3.Do you know anything about the selection procedure for astronauts ? make a list of the possiblerequirements.Get good education; flying experience; excellent health; rich knowledge; special training,...Step 3 While-listening---Task 1Listen to the interview and tick the correct statements.☑ 1. The audience is curious about how Yang Liwei became the first Chinese astronaut.☐ 2. Mr Yang always believed that he would become an astronaut one day.☑ 3. Mr Yang was selected to attend pilot training with 13 other people.☐ 4. To become an astronaut in China, you have to have 1,350 hours of flying experience.☑ 5. Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mentaland physical training.Step 4 While-listening---Task 2Listen again and fill in the blanks with the correct numbers.1. Yang Liwei graduated from college at the age of 22.2.Before he joined China’s space programme, Mr Yang trained as a fighter pilot for 10 years.3.Mr Yang was one of the 14 pilots who were chosen to train for space flights.4.At the time when Mr Yang entered the space programmes, astronauts had to shorter than 172 cm inheight and less than 70 kg in weight.5.Mr Yang became China’s first astronaut when he was 38 years old.Step 5 While-listening---Task 3Listen to the interview again and make a list of the requirements for becoming an astronaut.●Education background: college degree●Experience: rich experience of fighter●Health condition: perfect physical and mental health and body shape; proper height and weight●Courses: English, science and astronomy●Special training: using space equipment; physical and mental trainingStep 6 Post-listening---SpeakingWork in pairs. Discuss whether you would like to be an astronaut in the future and give your reasons. Use what you have learnt from the interview to help you.A: You know, I think being an astronaut would be cool.B:Do you want to work in space in the future ?A: I’m not sure, but I think it might be too difficult for me. There are so many requirements. First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. Then you have to work hard to be a great fighter pilot for rich experience. In addition, you have to keep in a perfect physical and mental health and learn science and astronomy well.B: So what might be the most difficult part for you.A: I guess it might be the astronomy, which is too difficult for me.Part B Listening and Talking ---Talk about life in spaceStep 1 Before -listeningLook at the pictures below and guess whether they would be useful for astronaut in space.soaptowel guitar showerMicrowave pen tape tissue Answers: soap, towel, guitar, pen, microwave, tissueStep 2 While -listeningMax is interviewing Captain Brown about his life in space. Listen to the interview and answer the questions.1. What did Captain Brown usually wear inside the station ?shorts and T -shirt.2. How did he prepare his food in space ?He didn’t prepared his food. Because they didn’t have cooking in space. They chose what they wanted to eat before going to space and then the food was prepared and stored for them. They just needed to heat the food and enjoyed it.3. How did he keep himself clean in space ?He used a soapy towel to wash and swallowed their tooth paste after brushing his teeth.4. How did he spend most of his time in space ?doing different experiments.5.What did he do during his free time ?played the guitar.6.What did he look forward to most during his stay in space ?his weekly video call with his family.Step 3 TalkingWork in groups. Imagine you are going to a space camp and Captain Brown has been invited to give a talk. Discus the questions you would like to ask him and then make a list.ExampleA: Hey, guys. We’re going to meet a real astronaut. Isn’t it exciting ?B: Yeah. I can’t wait to see Captain Brown! I’m really curious about his life in space. I have plenty of questions to ask him.C: Such as ?B: Oh, such as what facilities do they have in space to support their daily life ?C: That sounds like a good question. But I’d like to know about how astronauts sleep. What do they do so as to not to float around while they sleep ?Expressing curiosity●I’d love to know... ●I wonder how/what/why/...●Well, I’d really like to find out...●I’d particularly like to know...●I’m most curious about...●I’m most interested to discover...●I’m very keen to know...●I wish to know...●I hope you won’t mind me asking about...Unit 4 Space ExplorationPeriod 2 Reading and ThinkingSpace: the final frontier教学设计The theme of this unit focuses on “space exploration.”Students will learn about the training and experience needed to become an astronaut. The text is mainly about the development of space exploration. On the one hand, the text helps students to have a good understanding about the great feats humans haveachieved, on the other hand, they will further understand the contributions that we Chinese have achieved, and feel confident and proud about our homeland and strengthen their love for our country. The teacher should instruct students to aim high and study harder to make great progress in the space career if possible.1.Read about the development and value of space exploration.2.Explore the mysteries of the universe and the achievements in space exploration.3.Skillfully use the vocabulary of this text to cultivate self-study ability4.Develop cooperative learning ability through discussion.1. Enable the Ss to talk about the development and value of space exploration.2. Guide the Ss to summarize the main idea of each paragraph as well as the main idea of the text.3. Help Ss comprehend the main reasons for space exploration.Multi-media, textbook, notebooks.Step 1: Warming up and predictionLook at the title and the pictures of the text and predict what the text will be about?2.What are the main reasons for space exploration?Step2: Fast reading tasksRead the passage quickly and choose the correct sentence to fill each gap in the text.A. Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen.B. They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.C. The future of space exploration remains bright.D .After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth's gravity.Step3: scan for details.Read it again and find out the details.Which satellite was launched by the USSR in 1957?2. Who was the first person in the world to go into space?3. Who was the first man to orbit Earth in Shenzhou 5 spacecraft?4. In which satellites, all the astronauts died during their missions?5. What’s the attitude to the space exploration according to the author?Step4 : Read for main ideasRead quickly and figure out the main idea of each paragraph.Paragraph 1Paragraph 2Paragraph 3Paragraph 4Paragraph 5Step 5: Critical thinking:1.What do you think of the space exploration?2. If you are determined to be an astronaut, what should you prepare at present?3. Do you think space is the final frontier? And why?Step 6: consolidation.People have always wanted to learn more about space. Before the mid-20th century, most people felt (1)_________ (travel) into space was an impossible dream. However, (2)____ the help of scientists, people succeeded in realizing their dream (3) _________(explore) space. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite (4) ____________(launch) by the USSR.(5) ________________ scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen. These disasters made everyone (6)____________(disappoint), but people still believe in the importance of (7) ________(carry) on space exploration. In 2003,China became the third country to (8)____________(independent) send humans into space. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed (9)__ second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk. In spite of the difficulties, scientists hope future (10)__________ (discovery) will not only enable us to understand the universe but also help us survive well into the future.Step 7:learning strategies1.迅速浏览文章, 抓住关键词, 理清论点和论据2.找出段落中支持topic sentence的detailed words, 从而总结出段落大意。
人教版英语必修第三册 unit 4教案
课题
Unit 4 Space Exploration
课时数
2
课型
Listening and speaking &
Speaking and Talking
多媒体使用
ppt
教学目标
1.Guide students tolisten for numbers concerning dates, years and ages etc.
5.Mr Yang became China's first astronaut when hewas_______________years old.
1. 22 2. 10 3. 14 4. 172 70 5. 38
Listeningtip:Listen for numbers
Number questions are typically relatedto: time, telephone numbers, addresses,prices, weights, distances, etc. Whenyou listen for numbers, you need to payspecial attention to big numbers aswell as those that sound quite similar,such as thirteen and thirty, fourteenand forty, etc.
√口5 Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot
of mental and physical training.
(完整版)人教版高中英语必修三Unit4Reading教学设计
Unit4 Reading practice 名师教学设计1. Teaching Analysis 教情分析1.1 Teaching objectives-教学目标1.1.1 Language target语言目标1.1.1.1 Key words & expressions重点词汇和短语1.1.1.1.1 For applying: theory, billion, violent, atmosphere, unlike, fundamental, harmful, chain, thus, puzzle, biology, biologist,in time, give birth to, in one’s turn, prevent...from;1.1.1.1.2 For comprehending: atom, globe, global, carbon, vapour, presence, dissolve, acid, reaction, multiply, oxygen, mammal, dioxide,lay eggs, carbon dioxide;1.1.1.1.3 For recognizing: Big Bang, nitrogen, shellfish, amphibian;1.1.1.2 Sentence structures:① What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion yearsago when the dust settled into a solid globe.② It was not immediately obvious that water was fundamental to thedevelopment of life .③ After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed.④So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come willdepend on whether this problem can be solved.⑤They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases.⑥As a result of this, many scientists believe that the earth may become too hotto live on.⑦The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would lastor not.1.1.2 Ability goals能力目标1.1.2.1 Enable Ss to know how to guess the new words according to the passage. 1.1.2.2 Enable Ss to talk about the science of the stars, the development of life . 1.1.2.3 Enable the Ss to understand the details about the passage.1.1.2.4 Enable the Ss to retell the passage using key sentences.1.1.3 Emotion goals情感目标Enable Ss to think about the origin of life on the earth and learn how to protect the earth.1.2 Important & difficult teaching points-教学重难点1.2.1 Important teaching points-教学重点How to talk about talk about the origin of life on the earth.1.2.2 Difficult teaching points-教学难点How to understand the origin of life on the earth .2. Student analysis学情分析2.1 Fundamental state基本情况通过第1课时的listening and speaking,学生对本单元的话题Astronomy: the science of the stars已有所了解,并进一步丰富了一些有关天文学的信息和知识,同时激活了学生的思维,为本节课进行短文的阅读和理解提供了支撑。
人教新课标高中英语必修三Unit4Astronomy全单元详细教案
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars三、单元预习任务(Pre-unit task)1. 根据本单元教学目标和要求,了解本单元话题和任务,充分做好课前预习工作。
2. 预习语言知识,包括词汇表里的词汇和扩展词汇,掌握词义、发音、词性以及其基本用法。
鼓励学生勤查字典。
3. 多渠道(如报刊、杂志、网络等等)查阅并了解与本单元话题有关的背景知识和材料。
第一课时前:1、根据教学目标和要求,了解本课时的话题和任务,预习课文的语言知识,包括词汇表里的词汇和短语,以及课外提供的扩展词汇,掌握词义、发音、词性以及基本用法。
鼓励学生勤查字典。
2、预习阅读材料,掌握文章的中心思想和基本脉络。
3、通过报刊、杂志、网络等途径,多渠道查阅并了解与阅读材料相关的信息资料和背景知识,做好充分的课前预习工作。
(学生可以通过以下问题来自我检查预习情况)Questionnaire:1.What does astronomy deal with?2.What do we call people who study astronomy?3.How did the universe come into being?4.Can you name the eight planets?5.Do you know the solar system in the universe? What is it made up of?6.How did life come into being on the earth?第二课时前:1、复习阅读课文,预习所给的词汇、相关星球知识等材料;2、预习Using language.第三课时前:1、预习所给的词汇,和相关知识。
2、查找并阅读一篇关于黑洞的文章。
第四课时前:1、预习语言点和语法点。
第五课时前:1、复习上一课时所学的语言点和语法。
2、通过本单元的输入,罗列写故事的写作方法。
人教版英语必修三Unit 4(Reading)教案(反思)
How Life Began on The Earth教学内容:人教版高中英语必修3第四单元阅读Ⅰ. Teaching important and difficult points:1. Enable the Ss to master the main idea of the text.2. Get the Ss to understand how to finish the exercises of the text.Ⅱ. Teaching aims:Knowledge aims:1. Let the Ss master the key words.2. Lead Ss to learn the usage of useful sentence structures.Ability aim:Develop the Ss’reading ability and let them use some reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, and so on.Emotional aims:1. Enable the Ss to understand how life began on the earth.2. Get the Ss to be aware of the importance of protecting our earth.渗透法制教育: 在上课过程中给学生渗透与《中华人民共和国环境保护法》相关的内容。
Ⅲ. Teaching methods:Task-based teachingDiscussionCooperative learningⅣ. Teaching procedureStep 1 LeadingUse a short film to lead the Ss to understand the origin of life on the earth.Step 2 Pre-readingAccording to the development of life, let the Ss divide the text into several parts, then ask them to finish the following questions.1. How many parts are there in the passage?2. What dose each part mainly talk about?Step 3 While-reading1. How many steps are there before the earth formed?2. How many steps are there during the development of life?3. Read the whole text and fill the following blanks.Nobody knows how the earth , however, there are a widely accepted , the universe began with a which threw matter in all directions. At that time, the earth was still a cloud of ,after that, the earth had become with its atmosphere, which formed with dioxide, nitrogen and so on. And thenalso appeared on the earth, which was fundamental to development of life.After many millions of years, the first extremely small began to appear, later the early and all sorts of fish also appeared in the water. And then different plants and animalson land. Later the huge animals, called , appeared.Finally some clever animals with and feet appeared, they become the most important animals on the . However, they may let the earth become too to live on.4. Finish the following exercises according to the whole text.(1) why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planet?A. The earth had a solid shapeB. The earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.C. The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.D. The earth was not too hot.(2) why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals?A. Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun.B. Plants provided oxygen for animals to breath.C. Animals could hide from hunters in the forest.D. It was easier for plants to grow.(3) what is the correct order according to the text?①The clever animals with hands and feet appeared andspread to grow.②The “Big Bang”.③Small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.④65 million years ago of the dinosaurs ended.A. 2 1 3 4B. 4 3 1 2C. 2 4 3 1D. 2 3 4 1(4)What is the main idea of the text?A. The formation of the earth.B. The humans let the earth become too hot to live on.C. The development of dinosaurs.D. The origin of life on the earth.Step 4 Post -readingRead the text and do the true-or-false questions.(1) Human beings have known the origin of the earth clearly so far. ( )(2) the appearance of water made it possible for plants and animals to live on the earth.( )(3) Plants first appeared on land and then in the water.( )(4) Dinosaurs existed on the earth for over 140 thousand years. ( )(5) It is human beings that are not looking after the earth very well and have caused global warming.( )Step 5 Summary1. How the earth formed .2. The development of life on the earth.3. The earth needs us to take care of it.Step 6 Homework1. Please retell the passage in your own words.2. Finish the exercises in your books.教学反思:本堂课总体达到了预期的教学效果,有不少亮点,但是其中也有许多的不足。
高中语文必修三第四单元教学设计 (人教版高一必修三)
高中语文必修三第四单元教学设计 (人教版高一必修三)三维目标一、知识和能力1.理清课文层次结构,体会科普说明文描写和说明相结合的写作方法。
2.注意说明文文体的特点,还要注意科普文自身的特点。
二、过程和方法1.巧妙生动的说明文写作方法。
2.注意将科学与生活联系起来,增加科普文学习的乐趣。
三、情感态度价值观1.培养学生勤于探索、勇于钻研的科学精神。
2.领悟文中蕴含的丰富的人文内涵,形成健康的情感态度价值观。
重点体会科普说明文描写和说明相结合的写作方法。
难点巧妙生动的说明文写作方法。
教学方法、手段讨论法、点拨法课时1课时教学过程教学步骤、内容个性设计一、谈话引入,建构话题黑板上书写“游戏”。
同学们,儿时你玩的游戏有哪些呢?你从中收获了什么呢?大家喜欢游戏吗?为什么那么喜欢游戏呢?(学生齐声回答)看来,游戏让我们的童年充满了快乐,那么,动物呢?他们会游戏吗,它们的童年又是怎样度过的?今天。
就让我们一起走进动物的王国,去探寻动物游戏的秘密。
二、介绍文体特征及科普文的阅读方法学生回忆说明文的有关知识:说明顺序:时间空间逻辑说明文结构:总分式并列式递进式科普说明文:介绍科学领域某方面的探索、研究的文章。
语言准确、全面。
在宣传科普知识的同时,注重激发人们对科学知识的兴趣,培养人们的科学探索精神。
阅读步骤1.略读课文,整体把握:了解信息:从语句,语段中找出事物的特征;明确说明顺序,简析课文结构。
2.品读课文,深入感知:筛选、概括信息:分析文章重点内容,从文章中概括,提炼出事物的特征,掌握说明文所介绍的知识。
分析说明方法,体会语言特征等。
3.深入探究、拓展视野运用、组合信息:探究文中蕴含的科学精神,感受科学思维,培养我们追求真理的思想。
三、初读课文,整体把握1.科学研究的思维过程一般是:提出问题——分析问题——解决问题。
请同学们快速浏览文章,看本篇文章中作者提出了怎样一个问题,从文本中找出。
【明确】动物为什么游戏。
人教版高一英语必修三 unit 4 _教案
教学过程一、课堂导入Play a game to learn the names and positions of the planets:Venus is next to Mercury.Earth is the third planet.Mars is between Earth and Jupiter.Neptune is the furthest planet from the sun.Saturn is between Uranus and Jupiter.Mercury is closest to the sun.二、复习预习教师引导学生复习上节课所学知识点,(以提问、回顾的形式进行),针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑,并通过对主语从句具体用法的分析和扩展导入本节课所要学习的课本知识的学习。
三、知识讲解考点/易错点1 重点单词与短语学习violent adj. 暴力的;猛烈的(回归课本P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.[归纳拓展]violent criminals: 使用暴力的罪犯a violent attack: 猛烈的攻击a violent protest:强烈的抗议a violent struggle;激烈的斗争violent winds and storms 狂风暴雨violent toothache: 剧烈的牙痛in time 及时;最后(回归课本P25)It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen water vapor and other gases,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.它(地球)巨大的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石,最终产生了水蒸汽、二氧化碳、氧、氮和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。
人教版必修三第四单元教案
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsHow life began on the earth (reading)Teaching Aims:Knowledge aims: 1. To get Ss to know something new words and structures about the astronomy.2. To grasp the idea of the passage ….Ability aims: 1.To dev elop Ss’ basic skills of speaking and reading. Reading is the focus in this lesson. Reading skills for Ss include (predicting, skimming, scanning and digesting.)2.To retell the story according to the time orderEmotional aims: To develop the students’ responsibility to protect the earth.Lesson type:period 1Lesson time: 45 minutesTeaching important points:1. Let ss. learn some related words ,expressions and structures in this part;2. Improve ss. reading skills (predicting, skimming, scanning, guessing difficult words, topic sentences)3. Help ss. understand the development of the creatures according to the time order Teaching difficult points:To retell the development of the creatures according to the time orderTeaching methods: Task-based teaching and Cooperative learningTeaching Aids: a multi-media computer and a blackboardTeaching Procedure:Step 1. Warming-up & lead-inTask 1 (class work)To show some pictures about eight planets on PPT and get the students to match the pictures with their English names.Task 2 (individually)Brain-storm some topics that are about astronomy. If the students can’t think of much, I will list some of them.Task 3 (group work)To offer some questions about astronomy and get the students to choose what they are the mostinterested in to answer. Then tell the ideas to the group members. The following questions are included.1.How did the universe begin?2.How did the life on the earth begin?3.What is the “black whole”?4.Is there life on other planets besides the earth?5.What happened to all the matter after the “Big Bang”?Step 2. Pre-readingTask 1 to tell the story (class work)To show the pictures about that Nvwa ,God and Darwin, and to get the students to answerQ: Can you tell something about the pictures?Task2 predicting (individually)Read the title of the passage and predict what the passage is about.Step 3. While-readingTask 1(individually) Teaching the new words and structuresStudents are encouraged to preview the text and find out the new words and structures. They should try to work out the meaning of the new words through context. If necessary, they can look up in the dictionary or turn to the teacher for help.Task2 skimming (individually)Ss are required to go through the whole passage quickly to get the general idea and pay special attention to the first or last Para of the article (or the first sentence or the last sentence of each Para.)Task 3 scanning (group work)1.When did the “big bang” happen?2.What form was the earth after the “big bang” ?3.How did water come into being on the earth?4.what made up the earth’s atmosphere after the earth exploded?5.what’s the significance of the presence of water on the earth?6.what was important to the development of fish?7.what made possible the rise of mammals on the earth?8.why are mammals different from all life forms in the past?Task 4 careful reading (group work)Encourage Ss to read the passage again. According to the time order, students are encouraged to exchange their understanding of the passage with their group members and work together to fill in the following form:Step 4. Post-readingTask1 retell (pair work)look at the picture on the page of 26 of the text book and retell the procedure of the development of the creatures.Task2 Discussion (Group work)Reread the sentence “The earth may become too hot to live on” a nd discussWhat can we do to protect the earth?Step 5. HomeworkTask1 consolidate the new words and structures they have learned.Task 2 Encourage Ss to go to the school library or get on the Internet if possible to consult related English websites to search for more information about the origin of life on the earth and find out more evidence to support the theory on the internet.Blackboard-design for this period:TitleHere are some new words for SsHere is the form 1 23 5 46 789。
人教版新教材选择性必修第三册Unit4 Reading and Thinking教学设计
人教版选择性必修三Unit 4 Adversity and CourageReading and ThinkingA Successful Failure【单元学习主题】人与自然——逆境与勇气【语篇类型】日记【设计思路】学生通过阅读这次南极探险历程中的几个重要事件,理解Ernest Shackleton与船员们面临的挑战和困境,分析不同人物的言行,了解主要人物的情感变化和性格品质,培养学生的分析和推理能力。
探讨探险家的冒险精神,鼓励学生勇于挑战自我,以乐观和坚毅的态度面对人生的逆境和挫折。
【文本分析】这篇文本分成两部分,第一部分是人员招募广告,第二部分是三篇日记,以第一人称叙事。
第一篇日记讲述了Perce Blackborow加入南极探险队,展现了他对冒险充满渴望的内心世界;第二篇日记讲述了Ernest Shackleton弃船时如何冷静地组织船员应对危机,以身作则抛弃黄金,对船员的个人爱好给予鼓励,从侧面反应了他的领导者气质和探险家品质;第三篇日记描写了Perce在象岛上的日常生活,当他对未知的命运感到惶恐,对艰苦的客观环境感到不满、情绪低落时,队友的安慰和乐观让他重拾希望。
【教学重点】引导学生通过阅读抓住“坚忍号”南极探险历程中的重要事件,理解主人公所面临的困境;启发学生透过表象的言行来分析人物的情感变化和性格品质。
【教学目标】(1)语言能力目标:阅读三篇南极探险日记,积累本单元的重点词汇,梳理“坚忍号”南极探险的艰险历程,分析主要人物的性格特点和心理变化,了解日记的叙事风格和语言特点。
(2)学习能力目标:能够根据主要人物的具体言行分析其情感变化,解读其性格品质。
(3)文化意识目标:了解南极探险的历史背景、典型人物的故事和探险精神;培养自己坚毅的品质和乐观的人生态度,勇于面对挑战、挫折与逆境。
(4)思维品质目标:能够根据不同角度的叙事整理出“坚忍号”南极探险的大致历程;能够对文本中的细节进行推理分析,判断主要人物的心理状态和性格品质。
人教版英语必修三 Unit 4 教案
人教版英语必修三 Unit 4 教案教学目标1. 了解并掌握本单元的词汇和词组。
2. 能够正确运用所学的语法知识构造符合语境的句子。
3. 了解并理解单元主题,培养学生的阅读理解能力。
4. 提高学生的听说能力,能够用英语进行简单的交流和表达。
教学准备1. 教材:人教版英语必修三 Unit 4。
2. 多媒体设备,如电脑、投影仪等。
3. 教学辅助材料:练题、图片、录音等。
教学内容1. 词汇和词组的研究:通过课堂展示和练,让学生掌握本单元的关键词汇和词组,如"environmental issues"、"pollution"等。
2. 语法知识的讲解:通过示范和练,教授学生本单元的语法知识,如不定式的用法和宾语从句的构造。
3. 阅读理解训练:通过教材中的阅读理解部分,让学生阅读并理解文章内容,培养他们的阅读理解能力。
4. 听说能力的提高:通过听力训练和口语练,提高学生的听说能力,让他们能够用英语进行简单的交流和表达。
5. 综合练:通过综合练题,巩固学生对本单元知识的掌握程度,评估他们的研究效果。
教学步骤1. 导入:通过引入一幅关于环境问题的图片,引起学生的兴趣,并提出问题引发讨论。
2. 词汇研究:呈现本单元的关键词汇和词组,让学生通过图片、例句等进行研究和掌握。
3. 语法知识讲解:通过示范和练,讲解不定式的用法和宾语从句的构造。
4. 阅读理解训练:学生阅读教材中的文章,理解文章内容,并回答相关问题。
5. 听说能力提高:通过听力练和口语练,提高学生的听说能力,让他们能够用英语进行简单的交流和表达。
6. 综合练:布置综合练题,让学生巩固所学知识,并评估他们的研究效果。
7. 小结:对本节课的主要内容进行总结和回顾,强化学生对所学知识的记忆。
教学评价1. 教师观察法:通过观察学生在课堂上的表现和回答问题的能力,评估他们对所学内容的掌握程度。
2. 练题评价法:通过布置练题,收集学生的答题情况,评估他们的研究效果。
高中英语人教版必修三unit4 Wanrming Up and Reading 教案设计
课题:Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the starsPeriod 1 Wanrming Up and Reading教学目标:1. Develop students’ reading ability and let them learn differentreading skills.2. Enable students to know about the development of the earth.教学难点:1. Enable students to understand the passage and know aboutthe development of the earth.2. Let students learn how to use different reading skills fordifferent reading purposes.教学方法: Skimming, discussion, individual work and group work.教学过程:【自研课导学】1.Let students learn the useful words and expressions in this part:astronomy, system, religion,theory, atom, billion, globe, violent, atmosphere.2.Get students to learn about the development of the earth.【展示课导学】Step1: Leading-inHave a free talk with students.1. Let students discuss the following questions:Who are our ancestors?Do you know what it was like before life appeared on the earth?Do you know how life began on the earth?Do you want to get more information?2.Tell students:Today we will learn something about how life began on the earth. Turn toPage 25. Let’s come to Warming Up first.Step2: Warming up ArrayLet students think about the following questions and then discuss themwith their partners.1.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. What are they? Canyou match the names with the planets?(P25)2.What interests you in astronomy? Do you know any questions that astronomersare interested in?Step3: Pre-reading1. Get students to discuss the questions with their partners.1) The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers.Whatdo you know about it?2) Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life beganon earth.What do you know about them?2. Ask them to read the title and look at the pictures. Predict what the readingwill be about.Step4 : Reading1. Fast reading :ScanningGet the students to read the passage quickly . Give ten minutes to lookthrough the whole text and answer questions:1). What is the passage about?2). What’s the main idea of the text?2. Detail readingChoose the best answer to each question according to the text.1). What is important for the beginning of life?A. The water on the earth.B. The earth’s atmosphere.C. The form of forests.D. Dissolving harmful gases.2) Which of the following appeared on the earth first?A. Insects.B. Reptiles.C. Amphibians.D. Shellfish and fish.3) Which of the following statements true?A. Water still exists on Mars.B. The earth’s atmosphere is made up of oxygen and nitrogen.C. The earth had dissolved the harmful atmosphere into the oceans and seas.D .Plants provide oxygen to the earth.4) What is the passage mainly about?A. The appearance and development of life on the earth.B. The birth of the earth.C. Why dinosaurs died out.D. The fact that human begings caused global warming.Suggested answers:(1) A (2) D (3) D (4) A【板书设计】_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________【教学反思】_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________。
人教高中英语必修三第四单元-教学设计
本节内容是语法学习,旨在通过本节语法载体,激励学生体验英语学习之乐,引导学生形成语法学习策略、提高学习能力和语言运用能力。
学 情 分 析
1.学情了解:通过学生访谈和预习观察,了解到学生对语法学习方式有初步认识,但对语法运用和体验还需加强,英语运用能力尚待进一步培养。
2.学生认知发展分析:学生经过半年的高中英语学习,已经初步适应了高中教材,初步形成一些英语思维能力和学习能力,英语运用能力初步形成,但还薄弱,而且对于主语从句的概念和运用还陌生,需要进一步培养。本节课旨在通过该项语法学习,对学生的学习策略进一步引导,继续培养学生的自主探究能力,为学生终身学习能力的培养打下结实的基础.
To encourage students to apply grammar knowledge and experience joy from learning English。
激励学生体验英语语法学习之乐,培养英语语法学习策略
Step6
Summary and assessment(5m)
环节6
总结评价
火眼金睛
发现破绽
Inspire and instruct students to find out the mistakes in the sentences.
激励学生找出句子中的错误
Find out the mistakes using the knowledge learned in the class。
教学设计方案
课题
人教版高中英语必修三第四单元
话题
Astronomy:the science of the stars
课型
自主探究、合作体验式语法课
设计人
人教版必修第三册Unit4Reading and Thinking名师教学设计
Unit4 Reading and Thinking 名师教学设计I.Teaching objectivesAfter the class, students will be able to1)learn relative knowledge of words, phrases and sentences about space exploration.2)understand the content and structure of the passage and get its writing style.3)get the main idea of each paragraph and know the process of space exploration.4)be inspired by the spirit of space exploration and love our country more.II.Teaching important aims1). Students learn relative knowledge of words, phrases and sentences about thepassage.2). Students understand the structure and writing style of the passage.III.Teaching difficult aim1). Students can be inspired by the spirit of space exploration and love our countrymore.IV.Teaching methods1). The CAI2). Task-based language teachingV.Teaching processStep 1. Lead-in1.Opening words:Mystery created wonder and wonder is the basis of man’s desire to understand.--Neil Armstrong2. Great astronauts( great pioneers) in space exploration.1). Yuri Gagarin, the Soviet Union-- the first man to travel into space in 19612). Neil Armstrong, the US-- the first person to walk on the moon in 19693. Questions: When you are looking up at the stars/universe, are you curious about theunknown universe? Are you feel lonely and down?Step 2: reading1.Title: Space: the Final Frontier(Space, the final frontier. These are the voyages of the starship Enterprise. Its continuing mission, to explore strange new worlds, to seek out new life and civilizations, to boldly go where no man had gone before.)2.Title+ illustrations in the book:Picture 1: achievements (man’s first success moon spacewalk)Picture 2: accidents/challenges (America's challenger exploded)Picture 3: China’s progress (China Jada Rabbit on the moon)According to the title and illustrations, can you infer what the passage include?3.Can you choose the correct sentence to fill in the gap?1). Why do people want to explore space?Main idea: Humans have always had a natural curiosity about space.Space exploration carries human’s curiosity.2). Why does the passage begin with two questions?1). What’s the topic sentence in Para. 2?2). How realised their dream?Space exploration motivates human’s determination, persistence, curiosity, effort and ambition.2.Further thinking: Why was space exploration mainly carried out by the USSR andthe US in the 20th century?During the Cold War, there existed competition between two superpowers? (AC)3.How does the writer show the achievements in space exploration?ing examples C. giving specific numberB.making comparison D. giving definition4.What are benefits of using examples and specific numbers?⏹To be more detailed, vivid and persuasive⏹To impress readers with great progress in space exploration⏹To make it more easy-understandingWriting tip 2 : Examples and specific numbers can make a scientific article more pervasive and objective.5.Topic sentence: However, some scientists were determined to help humans realisetheir dream to explore space.main idea: Space travel became a reality in the 20th century with American and the Soviet Union remarkable mission.6.Para. 31). What’s the topic sentence in Para. 3?2). What accident is showed?3). Why don’t people stop exploring?-- Space exploration enlightens international cooperation.Main idea: Space travel has always involved great risks, but despite risks exploration continues.7.Para. 41). What’s the topic sentence in Para. 4?2). What progress did China make?-- Space exploration witnesses China’s progress.Main idea: China has made great progress in space exploration in the early 21st century, becoming only the third country to send humans into space.8.Para. 51). What’s the topic sentence in Para. 5?2). Why is the future bright?3). What does space exploration mean to us?Space exploration links humans and future.Main idea: The future of space exploration looks bright, as many countries are planning further missions.Step 3 after reading1.What’s the significance of space exploration?●Space exploration carries human’s curiosity.●Space exploration motivates human’s determination, persistence, curiosity, effortand ambition.●Space exploration enlightens international cooperation.●Space exploration witnesses China’s progress.●Space exploration links humans and future.2.The structure of the passage3.What’s the writing type of the passage? 【a popular science article】●The title is brief, easy-understanding and shows the topic.●Examples and specific numbers are used to make language persuasive, objectiveand easy-understanding.●The beginning offers brief information about background.4.Activity: The process of China’s space explorations is hard. Thanks to scientists’devotion and contributions, we have gained remarkable and surprising achievements.Nowadays, there is an activity titled “ I say something to CNSA.”As a teenager, what would you say and why do you say so?。
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第1课时种群的特征1.列举种群特征。
2.简述种群特征间的基本关系。
3.尝试用样方法调查种群密度。
课程重点:1.种群的特征;2.种群的空间特征。
课程难点:样方的选择和确定。
教学建议:在进行本课时内容的教学之前,教师应当将学生学习生物学的视角从微观个体水平转到宏观群体水平上来,阐明从宏观、群体水平上研究生物是生物学科发展的一个重要分支,这也充分反映了自然界生命系统的多层次性。
从问题出发,落脚于对科学方法的学习,掌握调查种群密度的方法。
一、种群的概念与特征1.种群的概念:在一定的自然区域内,①同种生物的全部个体形成种群。
2.种群密度是在单位面积或单位体积中的个体数,它是种群最基本的②数量特征。
二、调查种群密度的方法1.样方法:适用于调查植物或不大活动的动物的种群密度,取样的方法有③五点取样法和等距取样法。
2.标志重捕法:适用于调查某些活动能力强、活动范围大的动物的种群密度。
三、种群的其他数量特征1.出生率和死亡率(1)概念:出生率是指在单位时间内④新产生的个体数目占该种群个体总数的比率。
死亡率是指在单位时间内死亡的个体数目占⑤该种群个体总数的比率。
(2)意义:决定种群大小和⑥种群密度的重要因素。
2.迁入率和迁出率(1)概念:单位时间内迁入或迁出的个体,占⑦该种群个体总数的比率。
(2)意义:影响种群大小和⑧种群密度。
3.年龄组成(1)概念:种群的年龄组成是指一个种群中⑨各年龄期的个体数目的比例。
(2)分类:种群的年龄组成大致可分为增长型、稳定型、衰退型三种类型。
(3)意义:可以预测种群未来发展趋势。
4.性别比例(1)概念:性别比例是指种群中雌雄个体数目的比例。
(2)应用:利用人工合成的性引诱剂(信息素)诱杀某种害虫的雄性个体,破坏了害虫种群正常的性别比例,就会使很多雌性个体不能完成交配,从而使该种害虫的种群密度明显降低。
1.某一定区域内的全部细菌、全部蛇或全部蓝藻能否构成种群?答案:不能。
2.种群的特征有哪些?种群密度的常用调查方法有哪些?答案:种群的特征包括数量特征、空间特征和遗传特征。
种群密度的常用调查方法有样方法、标志重捕法。
3.在种群的数量特征中,可预测种群数量的变化趋势的是什么?决定种群大小和种群密度的是什么?直接影响种群大小和种群密度的是什么?答案:年龄组成;出生率和死亡率以及迁入率和迁出率;性别比例。
知识点一:种群的特征1.如何理解种群?以下属于种群的有哪几项?①某池塘中的全部鱼②某片森林中的全部鸟③某农田中的全部细菌④某湖泊中的全部鲤鱼答案:某区域内所有同种的生物个体的总和构成一个种群;④某湖泊中的全部鲤鱼属于同一种群。
2.请完成下面种群特征的概念图。
答案:3.种群具有年龄组成、性别比例、出生率、死亡率、迁入率、迁出率等数量特征,种群中的个体是否也具有这些特征?知识点二:种群密度的调查方法调查分布范围较大的种群,一般总数调查较难,常常计数种群的一部分,估算种群密度。
植物和部分动物用样方法,多数动物用标志重捕法。
1.什么叫样方法?哪些生物的种群密度调查适合用样方法?答案:样方法是指在被调查种群的分布范围内,随机选取若干个样方,通过计数每个样方内的个体数,求得每个样方的种群密度,以所有样方种群密度的平均值作为该种群的种群密度估计值。
适用范围:植物的种群密度调查;活动能力较弱、活动范围小的动物,如昆虫的卵、蚜虫、跳蝻和蚯蚓的密度等。
2.(1)什么叫标志重捕法?哪些生物的种群密度调查适合用标志重捕法?答案:标志重捕法是指在被调查动物种群的活动范围内捕获一部分个体,做上标记后再放回原来的环境,经过一段时间(标志个体与未标志个体重新充分混合分布)后,进行重捕,据重捕动物中标记个体数占总个体数的比例,来估计种群密度。
适用范围:活动能力强和范围大的动物。
如哺乳类、鸟类、爬行类、两栖类、鱼类和昆虫等动物。
(2)如何依据调查数据进行计算?答案:计算公式:个体总数X初次捕获标志数N=再次捕获个体数M重捕的标志个体数Q。
计算出X,即为该区域内的种群数量,再依据该空间的面积或体积大小进一步计算种群密度。
⑤计数时统计样方内部以及相邻两条边(含顶角)上的个体。
用所有样方种群密度的平均值作为该种群的种群密度估计值。
例1下列选项中,不属于...对种群数量特征描述的是()。
A.我国的人口将逐渐步入老龄化阶段B.2003年,广东省人口的出生率为1.329%C.橡树种子散布能力差,常在母株附近形成集群D.由于薇甘菊入侵,松树种群死亡率较高【解析】种群的数量特征主要是指种群密度、年龄组成、性别比例、出生率和死亡率、迁入率和迁出率等。
A选项指的是年龄组成;B选项指的是出生率;D选项指的是死亡率;而C选项与种群数量特征无关,属于种群的空间特征——集群分布。
技巧归纳例2下列调查活动中,相关叙述正确的是()。
A.利用标志重捕法调查时,部分鲤鱼身上的标志物脱落则所得到数值偏大B.标志重捕法中个体被捕捉的概率与标志状况、年龄和性别有关C.计数每个样方的种群密度,取其最大值作为该种群的种群密度估计值D.样方法调查草地中的蒲公英时,不统计正好在样方线上的个体【解析】本题考查种群密度调查的方法与实验结果的分析能力,属于应用层次。
利用标志重捕法调查池塘中鲤鱼的种群密度时,由于部分鲤鱼身上的标志物脱落,导致被标记的个体重捕的概率减少,因此实验计算所得到数值与实际数值相比偏大。
标志重捕法中标志个体与未标志个体被捕捉的概率相等,与年龄和性别无关。
样方法中以所有样方种群密度的平均值作为该种群的种群密度估计值。
样方法调查草地中的蒲公英时,应统计样方内部的个体以及相邻两条边(含顶角)的个体。
若不统计正好在样方线上的个体,则导致统计数值偏小。
1.a具有出生、性别、年龄、死亡等特征,b具有出生率、性别比例、年龄组成等特征,那么a和b的特征分别属于()。
A.物种的个体,一个鲤鱼种群B.物种的个体,一条鲤鱼C.种群,一个鲤鱼种群D.种群,一条鲤鱼【解析】本题考查个体和种群之间的关系。
a表示的特征属于个体具有的,b表示的特征是种群具有的。
【答案】A2.假如要调查一块农田中某种鼠和蚯蚓的种群密度,通常采用的调查方法分别是()A.标志重捕法、样方法B.标志重捕法、标志重捕法C.样方法、样方法D.样方法、标志重捕法【解析】鼠的活动能力强、活动范围广,用标志重捕法调查;蚯蚓的活动能力较弱,可用样方法调查。
【答案】A3.某科技小组在调查一块方圆为2hm2的草场中灰仓鼠的数量时,放置了100个捕鼠笼,一夜间捕获了50只,将捕获的灰仓鼠做好标记后在原地放生。
5天后,在同一地点再放置同样数量的捕鼠笼,捕获了42只,其中有上次标记的个体13只。
由于灰仓鼠被捕一次后更难捕捉,因此推测该草场中灰仓鼠的种群数量最可能()。
A.小于92只B.大于92只C.小于161只D.大于161只【解析】根据公式:第一次标志数/种群数量=第二次标志数/第二次捕获数,故种群数量=50×42÷13≈161,但由于灰仓鼠被捕一次后更难捕捉,所以灰仓鼠重捕时带标记的个体数量应多于13只,因而该草场中灰仓鼠的种群数量应小于161只。
【答案】C4.预测一个国家和地区的人口数量未来动态的信息主要来自()。
A.居住人口不同年龄组成的比例B.现有人口数量和密度C.出生率、死亡率和迁移率D.男女性别比【解析】预测一个国家和地区的人口数量未来动态的信息可来自年龄组成和性别比例,但因男女性别比变动不大,故主要来自年龄组成。
【答案】A5.种群的年龄组成大致可分为下图A、B、C三种类型,请据图回答:(1)我国在20世纪50~60年代出现生育高峰,因此造成70年代初人口的年龄组成为图中类型,在这以后一段时间内,我国人口密度的发展是,人口的出生率死亡率。
(2)在渔业生产中要严格控制渔网孔的大小,以保护幼鱼,这将会使捕捞后鱼群的年龄组成为图中类型。
农业生产上应用性引诱剂来干扰昆虫交尾,有可能使害虫的年龄组成为图中类型。
【解析】解答此类试题,关键是识别三种图形,A为增长型,B为稳定性,C为衰退型;我国在20世纪50~60年代出现生育高峰,因此年龄组成为增长型。
【答案】(1)A越来越大大于(2)AC1.下列叙述中,属于种群密度描述的是()。
A.斑马在草原上成群活动B.每毫升河水中有9个大肠杆菌C.稗草在稻田中随机分布D.木棉树在路旁每隔5米种植一棵【解析】依据种群密度的概念,只有B项符合“种群在单位面积或单位体积中的个体数”。
【答案】B2.海洋渔业生产中,合理使用网眼尺寸较大的网具进行捕捞,有利于资源的可持续利用。
下列解释不正确...的是()。
A.更多幼小的个体逃脱,得到生长和繁殖的机会B.减少捕捞强度,保持足够的种群基数C.维持良好的年龄结构,有利于种群数量的恢复D.改变性别比例,提高种群出生率【解析】使用网眼尺寸较大的网具捕捞,使更多的幼体能够逃脱,得到生长和繁殖的机会。
这样既能保持足够的种群基数,又能维持增长型的年龄结构,有利于资源的可持续利用。
但网眼的大小并不能改变性别比例。
【答案】D3.在昆虫繁殖季节,使用特定的性引诱剂,可以将某种昆虫的雄性成虫诱杀。
其结果与不使用性引诱剂相比,将是()。
①改变子代的性别比例②改变子代的种群密度③改变子代的基因频率④改变子代种群空间特征A.①B.②③C.①②③D.①②③④【解析】使用性引诱剂后,将某种昆虫的雄性成虫诱杀,改变了种群的性别比例,从而影响种群密度。
由于抗性引诱剂的昆虫不被诱杀,导致子代的基因频率发生改变。
【答案】B4.下列有关种群特征的叙述,错误..的是()。
A.不同物种的种群密度往往差异很大B.年龄组成是指种群中各年龄期的个体数目C.同一物种的种群密度不会发生变化D.出生率和死亡率是指种群在单位时间内新产生和死亡的个体数目【解析】考查对种群特征的理解。
种群具有种群密度、年龄组成、性别比例、出生率和死亡率等特征。
种群密度会因种群的不同而有较大差异。
同一物种在不同的环境条件下的种群密度也有差异,如一片农田中的东亚飞蝗,在夏天种群密度较高,在秋末天气较冷时种群密度就降低。
【答案】C5.下列关于样方法调查结论的处理措施,正确的是()。
A.得出的结论与其他同学的不一致则舍弃B.无论样方数据大小,只要取其平均值就可接近真实密度C.取样方计算时,选生物密度大的区域更科学D.多次取样,舍弃数据悬殊的个别样方,取其平均值【解析】样方的选取要有代表性,个别样方由于生物生存条件优越或恶劣而不具有广泛的代表性,要舍弃其数据参考。
【答案】D6.用样方法调查某生物的种群密度时,取样的关键是()。
A.样方的大小B.随机取样C.五点取样D.等距取样【解析】用样方法调查某生物的种群密度时,取样的关键是随机取样。
【答案】B7.下图是一个种群的年龄分布图。