语法资料-5

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日语一级语法分类详解-5目的、手段、立场

日语一级语法分类详解-5目的、手段、立场1～べく接続注意：動詞『ル形』接続：動詞辞書形＋べく（「する」は「するべく／すべく」のような接続もある）意味：为文语助动词【べし】的连用形。

为了前项的目的而做后项。

和「するために」意思相同。

书面语。

“为了……”。

“想要～”①彼はよい席を手に入れるべく、二時間も前から並んでいた。

②一級試験に合格するだけの実力を備えるべく、勉学に励む。

③交通事故で入院している友人を見舞うべく、昨日病院を訪ねた。

④大学に進むべく上海に行った。

⑤ピアノ教室に入った子供を送り迎えをするべく、思い切って外車(がいしゃ)を買った。

L 【1998年真题】兄は締め切りに間に合わせる＿＿＿、昼も夜も論文に取り込んでいる。

①から②べく③ので④ゆえ【2003年真题】土地が高い都市では、家などそう簡単に手に入る＿＿＿。

①べきだ②べくもない③べきではない④ベからざるものだ【2004年真题】ウイルスの感染経路を明らかに＿＿＿調査が行われた。

①すまじと②すべく③するはおろか④すべからず2～んがために／んがための／んがためだ接続注意：動詞の未然形接続：動詞「ない形」＋んがために、～注意：する→せんがために意味：为了无论如何也要实现的前项目的而去做后项。

和「するために」意思相同。

较生硬的古语。

①彼はお金をもうけんがために、ずいぶんひどいことをやってきた。

②世話になった人に謝意を表さんがために心を込めてEメールを送った。

③学生たちは試験に合格せんがために、夜遅くまで勉強した。

④一日早く自分の店を持たんがため、必死に働いているのだ。

⑤長年の夢を実現させんがために、留学を決意した。

⑥結婚もせず必死に溜(た)めてきたお金を持って日本へ来たのは大学院に入らんがためである。

（也不成家，带着拼了老命才存下的钱来到日本，就是为了在研究生院深造。

）【1991年真题】人間は＿＿＿、心ならずも悪事を行ってしまう場合がある。

①生きぬがために②生きんがために③生きまいがために④生きないがために【1995年真题】あのチームは＿＿＿がためには、ぞんなひどい反則でもする。

浙江大学学士学位英语考试语法资料整理5.主谓一致到代词

七、主谓一致重点1．主语是相当于名词的不定式、从句、动名词时，谓语动词要用单数Teaching languages is an interesting job.That the earth is round has been proved true.When they go to the factory to have practice has not been told them so far.so far现在完成时标志词，等于to date=as yet 翻译成：到目前为止、迄今。

How close parents are to their children ___ B __ a strong influence in the character of the children.A. haveB. hasC. havingD. to have2．事件、国家、机构名称、书刊及其他作品名称作主语，谓语用单数：The United States was formed in 1776.The New York Times纽约时报 still has a wide circulation.3．表示时间、距离、重量、度量、价值等的复数形式主语，谓语动词习惯上用单数：Two weeks was too long.Ten dollars is a small sum.4．表示学科和某些疾病名称的复数名称作主语，谓语用单数：Economics经济学studies the ways which determine the economic phenomena.Measles（麻疹）is a disease to take seriously.`谓语动词----涉及第三人称单数---在该动词后加-s5．Chinese, English, French, Japanese等指语言时，谓语用单数；指人民时，用复数：Chinese is a difficult language.The Chinese are kind and friendly.6．“The +形容词或分词”表示一类的复数。

语法知识 (解析版)-5年(2017-2021)中考1年模拟语文分项汇编(甘肃专用)

专题10 语法知识 (解析版）【1-2021年甘肃省兰州市中考语文（A）真题】下面文段是展览中某两个板块的引言。

根据语境，完成小题。

（人物传记板块）如果想把一些伟大的有用的思想教给人们的话，①读人物传记是一种更易于将思想创立者的生活与人格联系在一起的方式。

[甲]“同那些已经过世的伟人交朋友”，这听起来很荒唐，但是如果你一生中总是与那些有远见卓识的人物交友的话，那么你将生活得更好，更有教养。

人都需要不断__________生活的动力，__________是在年轻的时候，要有偶像和模，有高远目标．．．．的激励。

在这里，我们阅读人物故事，寻找心中的榜样，与勇敢的心灵为伴。

（走向科学板块）我们对世界进行的许多研究虽然都是真实的，却也是不全面的。

[乙]科学发展到一定程度就应该停下来“流连”一下，回味一下，总结一下，看看是否漏过了什么重要的方向。

科普在一定意义上就是我们“流连”一下，回头来看看：一个异想天开的念头，一个司空见惯的现象，一个看似幼稚的想法，也许都会开启科学上的一段新旅程。

一部好的科普作品对社会的意义在于使科学家个人的内心体验．．．．成为社会思考，②人们会从各个不同的角度产生丰富的联想，理解它的价值，使社会产生新的知识、能力，甚至开创新的视野。

在这里，我们阅读科普作品，探索奇妙的科学世界，一起__________科学之光。

下列对文段中加点词和画线处的解说，不正确的一项是（_____）A．“高远目标”“内心体验”的结构类型相同。

B．画线句①的主干是“读人物传记是方式”。

C．[甲][乙]两句中引号的用法相同，表示特殊含义。

D．面线句②有话病，应将“理解它的价值”调至“产生丰富的联想”前。

【答案】C【解析】C.结合语境可知，[甲]句中引号的作用是在行文中引用他人的话，即成语、格言、诗词等；[乙]句中引号的作用是表示特殊含义，即指引号中的词语“流连”一词在其具体的语言环境中产生了新的意思，也就是对“科学发现”的回顾、总结，因此选项中“两句中引号的用法相同”表述错误；故选C。

【中考英语一轮复习语法一点通】语法专题五名词(教师版)

语法专题五、名词（必考）名词即表示人或物名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。

专有名词表示人、地方、事物、组织等名称的词，如：Lucy, China, the Great Wall.考点1 可数名词的复数形式1.名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）与不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns），可数名词有单数与复数两种形式，名词复数构成形式部分规则如下：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakes day-days student-students bed-beds以-s, -x, -sh, -ch等结尾的词加-es读/IZ/bus-buses,box-boxeswatch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i，再加-es读/z/baby-babies,city-citiescountry-countries以元音字母加y结尾的词加-s读/z/toy-toysmonkey-monkeys以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为ves读/vz/leaf-leaves,life-liveswolf-wolves不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母；单复数形式相同；其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, sheep-sheep mouse-mice2.某国人变复数（1）中国人a Chinese-Chinese; （2）日本人a Japanese- Japanese （2）英国人an Englishman-Englishmen;（3）法国人a Frenchman-Frenchmen （4）美国人American- Americans （5）德国人German-Germans 考点精讲可用口诀记忆这一点，即：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。

3.以-o结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃西红柿土豆”。

中考英语语法备考训练习题5 介词

精品基础教育教学资料，仅供参考，需要可下载使用！中考英语语法备考训练习题5 介词【介词命题趋势】1、表示时间的介词2、表示方位和运动方向的介词3、常用介词用法辨析4、介词与其它词类的搭配1）形容词与介词的搭配2）动词与介词的搭配3）名词与介词的搭配【分析解读】介词为中考的必考点,主要考时间介词、方位介词和介词的固定搭配。

介词在应用中有固定性，所以准确记忆其用法和搭配是掌握介词的关键。

【知识方法】表示时间的介词--- at in on since after by until 等表示方位的介词--in on over to above under in front of in the front of介词+名词介词的固定搭配的be+形容词+介词介词动词+介词between & amongacross &through& over& past易混介词的区别in &onfor &to &towardsafter & behindbut & besides &exceptIn & afterto & at知识清单介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其他某个成分之间的关系。

介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。

知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！1. 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。

介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。

介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。

例如：The boy over there is John’s brother. 在那儿的那个男孩是约翰的弟弟。

(定语)The girl will be back in two hours. 这位姑娘过两个小时回来。

(状语)Our English teacher is from Australia.我们的英语老师来自澳大利亚。

习题与答案-5-语法分析-自上而下

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 1．对文法G[S]G: S →a | ∧| (T)T →T , S | S(1) 给出(a,(a,a))和(((a,a), ∧,(a)),a)的最左推导。

(2) 对文法G，进行改写，然后对每个非终结符写出不带回溯的递归子程序。

(3) 经改写后的文法是否是LL(1)的？给出它的预测分析表。

(4) 给出输入串(a,a)#的分析过程，并说明该串是否为G的句子。

1. [解答]（1）①S ②S（T ）( T )T , S T , S ②S=>(T) =>(T,S)=>(S,S) S ( T ) S a =>((T),S)=>((T,S),S)a T , S ( T ) =>((T,S,S),S)=>((S,S,S),S) S a T , S =>(((T),S,S),S)=>(((T,S),S,S),S)a T , S ( T ) =>(((S,S),S,S),S)=>(((a,S),S,S),S) ①S=>(T) =>(T,S) S ^ S =>(((a,a),S,S),S)=>(S,S) =>(a,S) =>(((a,a),^,S),S) =>(a,(T)) ( T ) a =>(((a,a),^,(T)),S) =>(a,(T,S)) =>(((a,a),^,(S)),S)=>(a,(S,S)) T , S =>(((a,a),^,(a)),S)=>(a,(a,S)) =>(((a,a),^,(a)),a)=>(a,(a,a)) S aa(2) 消除左递归G': S→a | ∧| (T)T→ST'T'→,ST' |ε递归子程序：program parser proceduce T;begin begingetsym; if sym in [a,^,() thenS beginend; S;proceduce S; T;begin end;if sym=’a’ or sym=’^’ then elsegetsym error;elseif sym=’(‘ end;begin getsym; proceduce T’;T; beginIf sym=’)’ then if sym=’,’ thenGetsym; beginElse getsym;Error; S;End; T;Else end;Error; elseEnd; if sym=’)’ thenelseerror;end;预测分析表不含多重定义入口, 所以该文法是LL(1)文法!(4) 分析栈余留串所用产生式或动作1 #S (a,a)# S—>(T)2 #)T( (a,a)# (匹配3 #)T a,a)# T—>ST’4 #)T’S a,a)# S—>a5 #)T’a a,a)# a匹配6 #)T’ ,a)# T’ —>,ST’7 #)T’S, ,a)# ,匹配8 #)T’S a)# S—>a9 #)T’a a)# a匹配10 #)T’ )# T’—>ε11 #) )# )匹配12 # # 接受因为（a,a）#分析成功所以（a,a）为文法的句子步骤分析栈余留串所用产生式或动作1 #S (a,a# S→(T)2 #)T( (a,a# ( 匹配3 #)T a,a# T→ST’4 #)T’S a,a# S→a5 #)T’a a,a# a 匹配6 #)T’,a# T’→,ST’7 #)T’S, ,a# , 匹配8 #)T’S a# S→a9 #)T’a a# a 匹配10 #)T’# 出错^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 2. G: E →TE'E' →+E |εT →FT'T' →T |εF →PF'F' →*F' |εP →(E) | a | b |∧预测分析表^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 3．已知文法G: S →MH | aH →LSo |εK →dML |εL →eHfM →K | bLM判断G是否是LL(1)文法，如果时，构造LL(1)分析表。

5. 英语语法基础-谓语动词和句式结构

第一章：简单句第五节：谓语动词和五大句式结构5.1 谓语动词的构成谓语动词是句子中必须存在的部分，主要用于表达句子的时态、情态或主动、被动。

谓语动词主要包括助动词（如有）和主动词：（以swim为例）谓语动词 = 助动词（如有）+主动词此处仅展示几个简单的时态，本章节重点在于学会写出谓语动词，时态在此章节不细讲。

助动词跟时态密切相关，不同的时态助动词不同，主动词的形式也不一致，一般现在时和一般过去时在肯定句中其助动词可不显示。

注：谓语会紧跟主语，谓语必定是助动词（如有）和主动词结合而成。

能做助动词的有且仅有如下的几个：be(含各种变形)，do, does, did, have(含各种变形)和情态动词(might, may, will, would, can, could, should等)练习：识别句子的助动词和主动词句子助动词主动词It changed my life forever. 无changed For example, the robot can work as a dangerous forcan work humans.From now on, you are my partner 无areThe chefs are preparing for dinner.We should spend more time together with my family.You will be very happy.We can continue the conversationSuddenly all the lights went outThe price of the house is always on the rise.The woman was very angryMany doctors are busy in the earthquake rescue.The plane will take off immediately.More and more people are protected in dangerous wildanimals.Each city's homeless people need help.I get up early today.In the future, robots will do all the things for people.Page2We learned a lot from that experience.所有时态的组成方式 – 谓语动词使用助动词和主动词相结合的方式进行，具体的组合方式为：（一个简单句的主动词有且只有一个）一个句子的谓语动词可有不多于4个助动词和至少一个主动词，具体构成方式如下表：谓语动词助动词1 助动词2助动词3助动词4主动词表现的时态或情态动词类型情态动词(will, could, may,should 等)完成助动词(have)进行助动词(be )被动助动词(be )所有动词示例A. It rains 一般现在时B. It rained 一般过去时C. It will rain 一般将来时D. It is raining 现在进行时E. It was raining 过去进行时F. Shehasarrived现在完成时G. She had arrived 过去完成时 G. It might rain 情态表达可能 H. It might have rained 情态+完成时 I. They have been working 现在完成进行时 J. James had been looking 过去完成进行时 K. Itmighthavebeenused情态+完成时被动Page4L. Wemayhavebeenbeingfollowed情态+完成进行时被动紧随助动词后的动词形式必须是动词原型必须是过去分词（done ）必须是现在分词(-ing)必须是过去分词(done)助动词表示的意义随着情态动词的意义而变化如could 可表示请求或者可能性1. 表示过去的动作对某时刻的影响2. 表示过去的动作经验对某时刻的影响3. 表示过去的动作持续到了某时刻 1. 进行中的动作或最近在做的动作 2. 对后续时间的安排或计划表达主语为动作的承受者注：助动词不一定存在在谓语中，且没有实际的含义，但主动词是必须存在的。

专四语法第5节-形容词,副词,比较结构_8402

第五节形容词、副词及比较构造形容词概括描绘事物的词，波及事物的相貌，颜色，大小等属性。

形容词有不一样的种类，在句中能够有不一样的功能，有的形容词有级的变化。

主要包含：形容词按意义能够分为：属性形容词；类型形容词；兼类形容词；颜色形容词；强调形容词；按在句中担当的成分能够分为：定语形容词；表语形容词；兼定语和表语的形容词；按构词方式能够分为：一般形容词；分词形容词；复合形容词。

常有考点形容词在句中的地点概括：形容词作定语修饰名词时，一般放在被修饰的名词前。

但以下状况，形容词往常位于被修饰的名词以后，作后置定语。

1.形容词作定语●形容词修饰以-thing, -one, -body等结尾的复合代词如something, anything, someone, somebody等时；●由前缀 a-组成的形容词作定语时要求后置，这些形容词包含：afraid, alone, alike, ashamed, asleep, afloat, awake 等；●由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时。

2.多个形容词修饰同一名词名词中心词带多个形容词作前置修饰语时，形容词大概按一下次序摆列限制词（冠词/ 物主代词 / 指示代词）状的形容词 +表示年纪、新旧的形容词+描绘性形容词(charming/beautiful)+表示大小，长短，高低的形容词+颜色 + 表示国籍、地域、出处的形容词+表示物质资料的形容词+表示形+表示用途类其余形容词+名词中西次。

many beautiful old European cathedral citiesa large antique brown and white German beer muga charming small round old brown French oak writing desk副词概括副词（ Adverb ）是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词和句子等，以说明时间、地址、程度、方式等观点的词。

2020年中考英语语法复习5《动词与动词短语》-精选

2020年中考英语语法复习方案5《动词与动词短语》【趋势解读】动词是英语中最核心的词类，历来是英语考试中考查频率最高、比重最大的实词，可以说掌握好了动词，就具备了在英语考试中取得成功的基础。

在选拔性的考试中，重在考查在具体的语境中动词的辨析，主要包括同义、近义动词词义以及动词短语的辨析，是考试中的难点之一。

因此，考生在平时的英语学习中要重视对动词及动词词组的学习、理解、整理和记忆，不断积累动词相关知识，进而在考试时做到得心应手。

在单项选择中的分值在3~5分。

预计中考关于本专题知识命题趋势如下:(1)各地中考动词考查依旧会是热点。

预计中考依然将重点考查动词及其短语的辨析，突出语境的重要作用。

(2)自主招生考试会更多侧重于动词及短语的引申意义，突显考生对动词知识的灵活运用和正迁移能力。

【思维引导】精彩笔记1 实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。

按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词:按其持续性可分为延续性和非延续性动词。

1.不及物动词(1)本身意义完整，后面不需跟宾语的实义动词，叫作不及物动词。

如:He is jumping.常见不及物动词有:swim游泳，cry哭，stand站，lie躺，sit坐，stay停留，flow流淌,happen 发生，rise升起、站起，fall掉、落下，die死，walk走。

(2)有些动词既可以用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词。

如:Have you started reading? When will we start？你们开始阅读了吗，我们什么时候开始？(3)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语，它的作用就相当于一个及物动词，也叫短语动词。

主要有五种形式:动词+介词;动词+副词;动词+副词+介词;动词+名词+介词;be+形容词+介词。

2.及物动词及物动词术身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。

其结构有:宾语如:How long may I keep the book(宾语)，这本书我可以借多久?及物动词+ 宾语+宾语补足语如:I saw the children(宾语)play(宾补)this afternoon.间接宾语+直接宾语如:Please pass me(间接宾语)the salt(直接宾语)。

05高考核心语法知识点精练5(形容词和副词)-2021届高考英语一轮复习核心语法知识精讲精练(通用版

高考核心语法知识点精练5(形容词和副词)1.Love will always be a topic of interest regardless of race, religion or nationality..The city has its pleasures, but Christine wished for the quiet of country life..She is of the effect she has on people..Housework has been regarded as women's work.A. traditionally B .partly C .si ightlyD. formally.When I was young, I was really a child, always hanging out, coming home late and making myparents upset..Parents should keep their children company as much as possible because children feel if theydon't see their parents regularly..Roses are quite flowers in English gardens..There were no tickets for Friday's performance..Either side seems to have a(n)position; there are still many uncertainties on this issue.A.ambiguousB.delicateC.explicitD.confidential 1().In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are..Though scientists get closer to understanding why we age, the reason for different aging rates among individuals remains only understood.11.When challenges and setbacks, he remains , brave and firm.A.faced with... hcsitantB.facing... resoluteC.in face of... indecisiveD.facing with... determined12.With much work that remains to be completed, the manager found their project.A.more than satisfyingB.not at all satisfiedC.far from satisfactoryD.wilh more satisfaction than not13.Although the boss appears to wear a smile most of the time, his smile is by no means sincere or genuine, instead, it could be somewhat and hostile at times..So that the boat almost.A.tough the sea became... turned downB.rough did the sea become... turned overC.rough the sea became... turned overD.tough did the sea become... turned down16. Young readers often find the novels of Dickensthan Thackeray's.A.far more cxcitingB.cvcn much excitingC.so more excitingD.a lot much exciting17.Visitors who have booked tickets online can show their ID cards or other documents to enterthe museum. .Chinese tech giant Huawei launched its new operating system called Harmony, creating an app ecosystem to Google's Android18.History is the best teacher. It records the development path of each country and foretells thefuture to us. . We have to get the economy under control or it will eat us up.hit's a(n)choice between taking the job and staying out of work.Better not waste more time on it!.The present system no longer meets the changing needs of our customers; we have to make a(n)management system..Nowadays, basic health care services are to almost all the Chinese people, contributing to a risein average life expectancy..Jack is late again. It is of him to keep others waiting.A.normalB.ordinaryC.typicalD mon.The Jiangsu TV station is very popular with many people in China, as it deals with subjectssuch as music, entertainment and fashion..There are flowers and trees shown in the park and people go to have a look.A.plenty of; muchB.various; manyC.varieties of; various ofD.quite a few; quite a little22.Although he did not do it, he definitely had some responsibility.23.The professor could tell by thelook in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his lecture. .Mary is very towards her colleagues in the company, so they are willing to cooperate with her..My telephone is out of order. Can you tell me the news about the C0V1D-19 pandemic?答案与解析：l.B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

2022届大一轮复习语法系列-5介词高频用法,介词短语,介词by的用法 (解析版)

2022届大一轮复习小专题训练语法系列5.介词和介词短语1. Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are ______ everyone’s enjoyment.A. inB. atC. forD. to2. The red flag looks extremely beautiful ________ the blue sky and white clouds.A. throughB. againstC. acrossD. beyond3.—Quite a lot of students failed in the math exam.—Exactly. It is ________ their abilities.A. withinB. overC. againstD. beyond4. You can't wear a blue jacket _____ that shirt — it'll look terrible.A. onB. aboveC. upD. over5. He suddenly saw Sue _____ the room. He pushed his way ____ the crowd of people to get to her.A. across; acrossB. over; throughC. over; intoD. across; through6. ________ the rain falling so frequently，it becomes more and more difficult to carry on the rescue work.A. SinceB. WithC. AsD. For7. I will visit Austria ______ the invitation of my friend this summer vacation.A. byB. forC. toD. at8. --- When do we need to pay the balance?--- ____September 30.A. InB. ByC. DuringD. Within9. Some people choose jobs for other reasons ____ money these days.A. forB. exceptC. besidesD. with10. Pleasant music is often played ________ classes to make students refreshed and relaxed for a while.A. betweenB. amongC. overD. after11. Besides focusing on the research of the development of science and technology，the study of science history also attaches great importance ________ social science.A. toB. withC. intoD. for12. Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems_______ themselves，and solve their problems ________themselves.A. to; byB. by; toC. for; toD. in; on13. We know from their greetings how much they expect ________ us. We won't let them down.A. ofB. onC. forD. to14. --Can I have your business number?--You can call me, free of charge, ______66887790.A. atB. byC. withD. for15.-- I am going to have lunch. Do you mind talking about it ______ lunch?--All right. I’ll wait here in the office.A. overB. beforeC. afterD. until16. Both of the two boys are enjoying their lives the fact that they have very little time to do other things.A. besideB. despiteC. beyondD. except17. – I think he is taking an active part in social work.---I agree with you .A. in a wayB. on the wayC. by the wayD. in the way18. I guess we’ve already talked about this before but I’ll as you again just ________.A. by natureB. in returnC. in caseD. by chance19. The workers risked their lives to restore communications in the disaster areas, which were cut off ________ the powerful earthquake.A. in case ofB. in spite ofC. instead ofD. because of20. So far we have done a lot to build a low carbon economy, but it is ________ ideal. We have to work still harder.A. next toB. far fromC. out ofD. due to21. Although you have been to Hangzhou, it is worth another visit.________, it has the most beautiful lake in China.A. After allB. Above allC. First of allD. In all22. More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________ space.A. in search ofB. in place ofC. for lack ofD. for fear of23. It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ________ favors to them.A. in preference toB. in agreement withC. in terms ofD. in exchange for24. They walked a couple of blocks, looking ______ for the missing boy. No good news came.A. in needB. in vainC. in dangerD. in view25. After the break, the lecturer went on to talk ______ about the new academic concept.A. at lengthB. in allC. in turnD. at most26. The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home.A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place27. ______ the boss is in favor of the scheme, but he thinks improvements need to be made in many aspects.A. On the wholeB. In a wayC. As a resultD. For the moment28. Even though none of other family members were his plan to build a plane, he spent all his money on it and succeeded at last.A. in favor ofB. in memory ofC. in search ofD. in honor of29. Unemployment is on the increase. A growing number of young people, ______, are finding themselves out of work.A. in caseB. all in allC. in particularD. as a result30. He seems to be giving the impression that he didn’t enjoy himself in Paris. , he had a wonderful time.A. Above allB. What’s moreC. As a resultD. On the contrary2022届大一轮复习小专题训练语法系列(5)答案及解析1. C。

初中英语语法-简单句的5种基本类型全文

主语+系动词+表语(S+系V+P)
3. 主语+系动词+表语(S+系V+P) 这种句型称为主系表结构，系动词后面必须跟表语，构成系表结构表示主语的状态、性质、特征等情况。连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语。
系动词分类1-状态系动词
用来表示主语状态，只有be动词。be 动词 am/is/are am/is 过去式是 was, are 过去式是 were 。你可以把 be 动词翻译为是。(我用 am,你用 are, is 连着她他它,另外单数 is,复数 are)
05 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+C)
动词分成及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词和不及物动词的区别在于所带的宾语不同。动词是及物动词，后面直接接宾语；动词是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，也无被动语态。
01
主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)
1. 主语+不及物动词(S+Vi) 这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词 The boy laughed at last. 主语谓语这个男孩最后笑了。
我们必须保持教室整洁。
We must keep our classroom clean
主语谓语
宾语
宾语补足语
他给我买了生日礼物。 They made her their leader. 主语谓语间宾宾语补足语
The End
They will visit the Bird’s Nest this weekend.
主语谓语
宾语
他们这个周末要去参观鸟巢。

现代汉语-第五章语法

第五章语法一、名词解释1.语法2.实词3.双宾句4.虚词5.兼语短语6.句子7.语素8.短语9.祈使句10.方位短语11.疑问句12.非主谓句二、填空题：1．词类指的是词在语言结构中表现出来的类别，对汉语词进行分类，必须以词的为依据。

2．实词和虚词最大的不同是虚词不能单独充当成分。

3．词的语法功能是指词的。

4．词的分类是逐级进行的，首先根据能否作句法成分，可以把词分为实词和两大类。

5．语气词经常附着在句末，表示某种语气，普通话里最常见的语气词有。

6．副词的语法特点是一般只能充当。

7．代词可以分为人称代词、指示代词、。

8．助词包括结构助词、动态助词、以及“所、似的”等其他助词。

9．现代汉语的五种基本短语是偏正短语、动宾短语、中补短语、主谓短语、联合短语，它们是根据来分类的。

10．在偏正短语中，起限制或描写作用的成分叫修饰语，被修饰的是。

11．兼语是由一个动宾短语和短语套合而成。

12．“今天春节”是关系的短语。

13．“从黄河游泳”从结构关系上看是短语。

14．句子是能够表达一个相对完整意思的语言单位，每一个句子都有一定的，表示不同的语气。

15．从主语关系上看，主语可以分为施事主语、受事主语、。

16．根据结构关系，单句可分为主谓句和。

17．根据主谓句中谓语的性质和特点可以把主谓句分为四种，即名词谓语句、动词谓语句、形容词谓语句和句。

18．由连动短语充当谓语的句子称。

19．复句是由两个或两个以上的组成的句子。

20．在复句中用来连接分句并表明分句之间关系的连词、副词和短语，统称。

21．句子的语气一般分为陈述、、祈使、感叹四种。

22．根据结构特点，疑问句可以分为是非问、特指问、、正反问。

23．就词性来说，“突然”是，“忽然”是。

24．就词性来说，“正在”是，“现在”则是。

25．从结构关系看，“他自己、西岳华山、校长蔡元培”等是短语。

26．“学校管理部门同志的想法”中的定语是。

27．从语义类别看，补语可以分为、、、、、、七类。

(完整版)高考英语语法填空--5时态与语态

第五集语法填空核心考点考点突破——时态与语态——在英语中运用极为广泛【考向聚焦】课程标准要求中学生掌握常见的十种时态用法。

近三年来各地试题考查最多的是一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成进行时和现在完成时。

高考中动词时态命题，每年每份试卷中都有2～3个小题，每小题均设置明确的语境。

一般来说，命题人总是把易混淆或相近的时态放在一起，增加考题的难度。

而被动语态的考点大都集中在被动语态的时态，近三年来考查最多的时态是现在完成时，其次是一般过去时。

对应学生用书P16用所给动词的适当时态或语态填空1．(2013•福建，26)The girl has a great interest in sport and ________(take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.解析考查动词时态。

根据句中标志词over the last three years可知应为现在完成进行时态。

答案has been taking2．(2013•北京，28)Hurry up！Mark and Carl ________(expect)us.解析考查动词时态。

根据Hurry up！可知，Mark和Carl正在等我们。

用现在进行时态。

答案are expecting3．(2013•北京，32)—So what is the procedure?—All the applicants ________(interview)before a final decision is made by the authority.解析考查动词的语态和时态。

句中applicants与interview之间为被动关系，应使用被动语态；且句子所描述的为一般情况，故用一般现在时态的被动语态。

答案are interviewed4．(2013•湖南，22)“What do you want to be？”asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh，I________(be)president，”said the boy，with a smile.解析考查动词时态。

自-5.英语语法词类分析——实词——副词 .

【英语语法分类汇总】副词副词副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词,副词或其他结构。

一、副词的位置：1)在动词之前。

ﻫ２)在ｂe动词、助动词之后。

3)多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。

注意:a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长,副词可以提前,以使句子平衡。

We couldｓee very cleaｒly a ｓtrange liｇhｔaheａｄof us．b．方式副词well，bａdlｙ糟、坏,ｈard等只放在句尾。

ﻫHe speａks Ｅngｌish ｗｅll.二、副词的排列顺序:2）方式副词,短的在前，长的在后，并１)时间，地点副词,小单位的在前，大单位在后。

ﻫ3）多用and或but等连词连接。

ﻫPleasｅｗｒite slowｌy and caｒｅfｕｌｌy.ﻫ个不同副词排列:程度＋地点+方式+时间副词。

注意:副词vｅry 可以修饰形容词,但不能修饰动词。

改错:(错) Ｉveｒｙｌiｋe Enｇlish.ﻫ(对) I lｉke Englｉsｈverｙmuch.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面,形容词enough放在名词前后都可。

I dｏｎ＇t knoｗｈｉm well enougｈ．Tｈｅｒｅis ｅｎouｇh foｏｄｆor eｖｅryone ｔｏｅat.Tｈｅre iｓｆood enoｕgｈfor eｖｅrｙoneｔo eat．ﻬ典型高考英语陷阱题详解形容词与副词1.We doｎ’t caｒe if a hunting ｄｏｇｓｍells ____＿＿__＿,bｕt ｗｅrea ｌly ｄon’t wanｔhim to smｅlｌ_＿_＿_____．ﻫ A.wｅll,well B.ｂａd, ｂad C．ｗｅｌl, baｄly Ｄ. badly, bad【陷阱】容易误选Ｂ,认为两个smｅｌl 均为连系动词,后接形容词作表语。

【分析】这是199５年的一道上海高考题，最佳答案为D。

句中的第一个smell 为实义动词，意为“闻气味”、“嗅觉”，smell baｄly 意为“嗅觉差”;第二个smｅll 为连系动词，意为“闻起来(有某种气味)”，smelｌbad 意为“闻起来气味难闻”。

高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解5---介词与介词短语(解析版)

高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解专题五介词与介词短语一、介词的句法功能1.作定语The key to the door is missing.2.作状语Her eyes were tired from long reading.3.作表语Japan is to the cast of China.4.作宾语补足语Make yourself at home.二．介词的宾语易错点名词、代词Don't forget to turn off the lights before leaving your classroom.Don't hide behind others.数词There was only one piece of cake, but we can cut it into two.The students began to show up by twos and threes.When we went in,we found his room at sixes and sevens.形容词、副词Her pronunciation is far from perfect. His uncle is from abroad. 动词-ing形式I succeeded in passing the driving test.On arriving in Venice, we knew that it was a city of water.动词不定式The plane is about to take off.宾语从句She got very angry because of what he had said.I am thinking of how I shall do more for the people.疑问词+ 不定式短语Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign languages. They are discussing how to sell the goods elsewhere.动词原形His father had nothing to do all day except play cards.介词短语The boy jumped from behind the door. The ball rolled out from under the table.三．介词的省略用法易错点1.of的省略The two girls are(of) the same age.2.from的省略Nobody can prevent us(from)getting married. You must stop her(from)telling such lies.3.in 的省略He spends nearly half of his monthly income(in)buying books.He wasted time(in)doing nothing.4.on的省略Keep(on)talking amongst yourselves.I'll be back in a minute.四．常用介词的用法比较集锦1.表示时间in/after in十时间段：一般用于将来时after+时间段：一般用于过去时He'll be back in a week. 他一周后回来。

高中英语 Unit5 形容词 I语法考点超级归纳素材-人教版高中全册英语素材

Unit5 形容词考点一：形容词的句法作用形容词在句中主要可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。

考点二：多个形容词的排列顺序形容词作定语通常放在所修饰的名词前，若有几个形容词，一般则按照以下顺序排列：限定词→数词→描绘词（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）→出处（国籍，产地）→材料→用途→名词a small round table 一张小圆桌子a dirty old red skirt 一条脏的旧红裙子a fine little old stone bridge 一座漂亮的古老小石桥ten large black plastic bags 十只黑色的大塑料袋the first Chinese astronaut 第一个中国宇航员such a pretty little wooden garden chair 这么漂亮的花园用的小木椅子考点四：形容词的比较级和最高级形容词有三个等级：原级、比较级和最高级，统称为“比较等级”。

1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成（1）规则形式单音节形容词和少数双音节形容词是在原级后加-er，-est构成，多音节和其他双音节词是在词前加more, most构成。

构成方式见下表：注意：1）glad, fond, tired, pleased, shy等单音节词，常在词前加more和most构成比较级和最高级，如：more glad / pleased; most glad / pleased。

2）less和least也可用来构成比较等级，表示“较不…”和“最不…”，如less dangerous（较不危险的），least dangerous（最不危险的）。

（2）不规则形式英语里有些形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，需要逐个记忆，详见下表：注：1）few常用规则的比较等级fewer和fewest，但在当代英语里也可以用less和least。

2） elder和eldest在英国英语里表示年长关系，而美国英语却用older 和oldest。

语法5-不定式

• • • • •
•
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致： To save money, every means has been tried. × To save money, he has tried every means. √ To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. × To learn English√
主谓一致重点回顾
• 1. No one except two students ____ the meeting. • a.was late for b. were late for • 选a • 2.All but him and me ____ to the exhibition. • a. are going b. is going • 选a • 3.Four-fifths of the crop ____. • a. was ruined b. were ruined • 选a • 4.Three-fourths of the buildings ___ • a.were destoryed b.was destoryed • 选a
• 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
• advise allow believe cause challenge declare encourage forbid force find hire induce instruct invite like order permit persuade remind require send suppose tell train urge a. Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 b. We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。

高中英语语法学习－词法部分（5）

第15章介词⼀.概念:介词表⽰它后⾯的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系.⼆.相关知识点精讲1.表⽰地点位置的介词1)at ,in, on, toat (1)表⽰在⼩地⽅; (2)表⽰"在……附近,旁边"in (1)表⽰在⼤地⽅; (2)表⽰"在…范围之内".on 表⽰毗邻,接壤to 表⽰在……范围外,不强调是否接壤He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Jiangsu lies in the east of China.Russia lies on the north of China.Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.2)above, over, on 在……上above 指在……上⽅,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;over指垂直的上⽅,与under相对,但over与物体有⼀定的空间,不直接接触.on表⽰某物体上⾯并与之接触.The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.3)below, under 在……下⾯under表⽰在…正下⽅below表⽰在……下,不⼀定在正下⽅There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.2.表⽰时间的介词1)in , on,at 在……时in表⽰较长时间,如世纪,朝代,时代,年,季节,⽉及⼀般(⾮特指)的早,中,晚等.如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one's life , in one's thirties 等.on表⽰具体某⼀天及其早,中,晚.如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year's Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等.at表⽰某⼀时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等.如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas, at night, at noon, at this moment等.注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前⼀律不⽤介词.如:We meet every day.2)in, after 在……之后"in +段时间"表⽰将来的⼀段时间以后;"after+段时间"表⽰过去的⼀段时间以后;"after+将来点时间"表⽰将来的某⼀时刻以后.My mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months.She will appear after five o'clock this afternoon.3)from, since ⾃从……from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;since表⽰某动作或情况持续⾄说话时刻,通常与完成时连⽤.He studied the piano from the age of three.They have lived here since 1978.4)after, behind 在……之后after主要⽤于表⽰时间;behind主要⽤于表⽰位置.We shall leave after lunch.Lucy is hiding behind an old house.3.表运动⽅向的介词:across, through 通过,穿过across表⽰横过,即从物体表⾯通过,与on有关;through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关.She swam across the river.He walked through the forest.4.表⽰"在……之间"的介词:between, amongbetween指在两个⼈或两个事物之间;among指在三个或三个以上的⼈或事物之间.There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.The teacher is standing among the students.5.表⽰其他意义的介词1)on ,about 关于on 表⽰这本书,这篇⽂章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这⼀问题的⼈阅读;about表⽰内容较为普通,不那么正式.There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.He is writing a book on cooking.He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.2)by, with, in 表⽰⽅法,⼿段,⼯具by 以……⽅法,⼿段或泛指某种交通⼯具;with 表⽰⽤ …⼯具,⼿段,⼀般接具体的⼯具和⼿段;in 表⽰⽤…⽅式,⽤…语⾔(语调,笔墨,颜⾊)等;He makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner spoke to us in English.3)except, besides 除了except 除……之外,不包括在内;besides 除……之外,包括在内.Except Mr. Wang, we went to see the film.(王先⽣没去)Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先⽣也去了)三.巩固练习Taiwan is ________ the southeast of China.(in, on, to)Go _________ the bridge _________ the river, you'll find the shop.(across, through; over, above)I go to school __________7:30 every morning.(in, on, at)He would like to meet her __________8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow morning.(between, among )The Greens have lived in China ________ three years.(in, for, after)We go to school every day ________ Saturday and Sunday.(except, besides)He wrote the letter _________ ink.(by, with ,in)She returned to her country _________five years.(in, after, for)There is a big tree _________ our classroom.(after, behind)I usually go to work _________ bike.(by, on, with)四.答案1.in2.across, over3.at,4.between5.for6.except7.in8.after9.behind 10.by第16章连词⼀.概念连词是⽤来连接词,短语,从句或句⼦的词.连词不作成分.⼆.相关知识点精讲1.表⽰并列关系的连词有:and, both…and…, not only… but also…和neither…nor…等1)and:和,并且A:基本⽤法:"and"表⽰ "和","并且"的意思,⽤来连接对等关系的字和字,⽚语和⽚语,句⼦和句⼦.I enjoy basketball , football and table tennis.The weather becomes colder and colder.B:特别⽤法:祁使句后连接and,有条件句作⽤,此时and=if you…,you'll…Go straight on, and you'll see the library.==If you go straight on, you will see the library.2)both…and…既…也…,(两者)都…A,both…and…构成的词组作主语时,谓语动词⽤复数.Both Jim and Kate are from England.B,both…and…否定句表⽰部分否定.You can't speak both German and English.Both my father and my mother aren't doctors.3)neither…nor…:既不…也不…neither…nor…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词*近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 "⼈称"和 "数"的⼀致,即采取就近原则.Neither I nor he has seen the play before.4)not only…but also…:不但…⽽且…not only…but also…连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则.Not only the mother but also the children are ill.2.表⽰转折关系的连词有:but, however, yet, still,while等.Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.He was very tired, still he kept on walking.Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still someroom for improvement.Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.3.表⽰选择关系的并列连词有:or, either…or…,whether… or…等.1)or:或,否则A:基本⽤法or 表⽰ "或" 的意思,使⽤于两者之中选择⼀个的时候.----Is your friend English or American ----American.He doesn't like dumplings or noodles.B:特别⽤法祁使句后连接or ,表 "如果…,否则…",有转折的意思,此时 or =if you don't …,you'll …Hurry up, or you'll be late.=If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.2)either…or…:或者…或者…; 不是…就是…;要么…要么…either…or…连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词*近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持 "⼈称"和 "数"的⼀致,即就近原则.Either you or I am right.Does either she or they like English由either…or…引导的否定句是完全否定.She isn't either a student or a teacher.3)whether…or…不管…还是…She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school.4.表⽰因果关系的并列连词有:for(因为),so(所以).He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold.It was late, so I went home.5.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as等.After they had planted their crops, they took a rest.We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.As soon as he gets to Beijing, he'll call me.1) when, while, as 都表⽰"当……时",when从句谓语动词既可以是瞬间动词也可以是延续性动词,可⽤于主从句动作同时发⽣或从句动作先于主句动作发⽣.while从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词,侧重主从句动作同时发⽣.as引导⼀个持续性动作,多⽤于主从句动作同时发⽣,强调"⼀边……⼀边".When I came in, my father was cooking.I came in when/while my father was cooking.He sang as he walked.2)until⽤法:当主句谓语动词是延续性动词时,主从句都⽤肯定式,译为"直到……为⽌";当主句谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句⽤否定式,从句⽤肯定式,即not…..until, 译为"直到……才".Mr. Green waited until his children came back.(格林先⽣⼀直等到他的孩⼦们回来)Mr. Green didn't go to bed until his children came back. (格林先⽣直到他的孩⼦们回来才睡觉)6. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if(如果), unless(除⾮,如果……不)等.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.=Unless you go soon, you'll be late.7.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since等.because"因为"语⽓,回答why提问时只能⽤because,其引导的从句可放在句⾸或句末;as"由于",since"既然"语⽓不如because 强,引导的从句常置于句⾸;for是并列连词,语⽓最弱,对前⾯分句加以解释或补充说明,其引导的分句常置于句末且⽤逗号隔开. He didn't go to school because he was ill.As it was raining, we went there by bus.Since everybody is here, let's begin.It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.注意: because与 so不能同时使⽤.8.引导让步状语从句的从属连词有:although/though(虽然,尽管), even though/if (即使)Although/ Though it is a very young country, it is very rich.Even if/ though you were here yesterday, you couldn't help him.注意:although/though 引导的从句不能与but连⽤,但可与yet, still连⽤.9.引导⽬的状语从句的从属连词有so that和in order that(以便,为了)等.The teacher spoke loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly.10.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有:so that(结果是)和so/such…that…(如此…以⾄于)等.It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He got there so early that he got a good seat.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.11.引导⽐较状语从句的从属连词有: as…as…(与……⼀样),not as/so… as…(不及,赶不上),和than(⽐)等.I know you better than she does.He works as carefully as she.I can't run as/so fast as you.12.引导名词性从句的从属连词有:that和 if/whether(是否)等.We know that the earth goes around the sun.(宾语从句)I wonder if he has received my e-mail. (宾语从句)Whether he'll go there hasn't been decided.(主语从句)注意:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句要⽤⼀般现在时.I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.He won't come unless he is invited.三.巩固练习1,I don't like reading watching TV. What about you "I don't like reading all day, I like watching TV plays."A.and, butB.and, andC.or, andD.or, but 2,You won't know the value(价值) of the health you lose it. A.until B.after C.when D.because3,We bought Granny a present, she didn't like it.A.butB.andC.orD.so4,Study hard, you will pass the exam.A.soB.forC.butD.and5,Put on more clothes, you'll catch cold.A.andB.forC.orD.but6,My shoes are worn out, I need new ones.A.soB.ifC.becauseD.and7,He ran fast he won the race.A.enough …toB.so …thatC.too…toD.both…and8,He is only ten months. He can read write.A.either…orB.neither…norC.both…andD.so…that9,She said she might come Saturday Sunday .A.neither…norB.nither…orC.too…toD.so…that10,If Tom Mike asks for their car, tell him to come tomorrow.A.orB.andC.withD.but11,It was already ten o'clock we got to the museum this morning.A.thatB.whenC.ifD.for12,It's a long time we met last.A.soB.afterC.sinceD.before13,That maths problem is difficult nobody can do it.A.too…toB.very…thatC.so…thatD.very …but14,I'll give her the message she comes back.A.sinceB.beforeC.untilD.as soon as15, the teacher came into the classroom, many students were talking to each other.A.WhileB.IfC.SinceD.When16,People often mistake us for each other we are twins.A.ifB.whenC.becauseD.after17,Could you tell me in your home town in winterA.if it often snowedB.whether does it often snowC.if it often snowD.whether it often snows18,Are you sure Mr. Li will come to your birthday partyA.ifB.thatC.forD.when19, Lily Lucy like singing.A.Either…orB.Beither…nor …C.Both…andD.So…that20,Read the sentences slowly we can understand what you read.A.so thatB.beforeC.untilD.because四.答案1,D 2,A 3,A 4,D 5,C 6,A 7,B 8,B 9,B 10,A 11,B 12,C 13,C 14,D 15,D 16,C 17,D 18,B 19,C 20,A。