跨文化交际

Unit 1

economic globalization(经济全球化）

barter system(物物交换）：exchange without money

global village(地球村）：the world form one community

melting pot(大熔炉）

culture(文化）：shared interpretations

cultural diversity(文化融合）：mix of cultures

communication(交际）：share with or to make common

intercultural communication(跨文化交际）：communication between people whose cultural backgrounds and distinct(不同）enough to alter（改变）their communication

components of communication（交际的十大要素）

①source(来源）：the person who desires to

②encoding(编码）：the process of putting on idea into a symbol

③message(信息）：identifies the encoding thought

④channel(渠道）：the means of transmission(传播途径）

⑤noise(干扰）：anything distorts the messages

⑥receiver(接受者）：the person who attends to the message

⑦decoding(解码）：assigning meaning to the symbols received

⑧receiver response(接受者反应）：anything the receiver does

⑨feedback(反馈）：the portion which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning

⑩context(场景）：help define(使明确）the communication

思考题：

1.Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent.

(1)convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统）

(2)innovative communication systems(革新通信技术）

(3)economic globalization(经济全球化）

(4)widespread migrations(广泛的移民）

2.What are the three ingredients(组成）of culture?

(1)artifacts(the material and spiritual products people produce)

(2)behavior(what they do)

(3)concepts(共有观点）(what they think)

3.How to understand cultural iceberg?

P7 冰山图。

just as an iceberg, culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can

only be suspected an imagined. Also like an iceberg, nine-tenth of culture is below the surface.

4.What are the characteristic(特点）of culture?

(1)shared

(2)learned(enculturation 文化习得：learning one's culture)

(3)dynamic(动态的）（acculturation文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)

(4)ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is superior)

5.What are the characteristic of communication?

(1)dynamic(动态性）

(2)irreversible(不可逆转的）

(3)symbolic(符号的）

(4)systematic(系统性）

(5)transactional（互动性）

(6)contextual(语境)

Pragmatics: the study of the effect of language 语用学

Semantics: the study of the meaning of words 语义学

Denotation: the literal meaning 引申含义

精讲案例：Case1.Case3(p17).Case4(p19).Case2(p43).Case3(p45).Case1(p67).Case3(p69)

思考题：

1.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?

In Chinese the surname comes first and is followed by the given name,but in English this order is reversed.

In China seniority(资历）is paid respects to.

Nowadays, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time.

(About addressing by relationship）Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage.

Americans tend to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship. Chinese use a person's title, office, or profession to indicate(表明）the person's influential(有权势的）status. In English, only a few occupations or titles could be used.(p24) 2.What are the social functions of compliments?

Creating or reinforcing(加固）solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or