专业英语词汇上课讲义

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高考英语常考基本词汇讲解讲义(六)

落堕市安心阳光实验学校高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（六）重点单词详解1．expose vt. (常与to连用)暴露；使暴露；使曝光；揭露expose 可以用于引申，表示“使受(危险、风险等)”。

exposed还常用作补足语。

exposure n. 暴露；揭露1)You shouldn't ________ the soldiers to unnecessary risks. 你不该让士兵们冒不必要的危险。

2)Don't ________ the film to light. 不要把胶片曝光。

3)The boy hid himself behind the curtain, leaving his feet ______.男孩藏在窗帘后面，露出双脚。

【答案】1)expose 2)expose 3)exposed(1)单项填空Her youth and beauty will ________ her to a lot of dangers. A．expose B．expand C．expect D．explode 【答案与解析】 A expose“使暴露”，常与to连用。

题意：她的年轻美貌将使她面临许多危险。

expand “使膨胀；扩张”； expect “期待；盼望”；explode“爆炸”。

(2)名校押题—How did she get infected?—Because she ________ the viruses without any protection. A．had exposed to B．exposed to C．had exposed D．had been exposed to【答案与解析】 D be exposed to“暴露在……”，根据上文的get infected 可知要用过去完成时。

2．remark n.谈论；评论；言论；评述vt. & vi.评论；说起；谈及remarkable adj. 值得注意的；十分不平常的；出众的remarkably adv. 不寻常地；突出地remark on / upon 评论；谈论1)That ________ was intended as a joke. 那句话本来只是个玩笑。

2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义19)

高考3500高频词汇讲解191. remind v.一、变形：reminds, reminded, reminded, reminding二、词义：1)使记起; 使想起~ sb (about/of sth)e.g. So she simply welcomed Tim and reminded him of the last time they hadmet.因此她只是欢迎了蒂姆，让他想起他们上次的相遇。

2)提醒remind sb. to do sth.e.g. Can you remind me to buy a bottle of wine?你能提醒我买一瓶葡萄酒吗？三、派生词adj. remindful 提醒的；留意的n. reminder 暗示；提醒的人/物；催单2. reduce v.一、变形：reduces, reduced, reduced, reducing二、词义：1)减少，缩小（尺寸、数量、价格等）e.g. Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year.过去一年，成本支出已经减少了20%。

2)使变稠; 收汁e.g. Boil the liquid in a small saucepan to reduce it by half.在小炖锅中煮沸汤汁使其收到一半的量。

3)使陷入be reduced toe.g. They were reduced to extreme poverty.他们沦落到极度贫困的地步。

三、派生词adj.reduced 减少的；[数] 简化的；缩减的reductive 还原的；减少的reducible [数] 可约的，可化简的；可还原的；可缩小的n.reduction 减少；下降；缩小reducer [助剂] 还原剂；减径管3. fasten v.一、变形：fastens, fastened, fastened, fastening二、词义：1)扣紧; 系牢e.g. She got quickly into her Mini and fastened the seat-belt.她迅速钻进她的迷你车并系好安全带。

2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义14)

高考3500高频词汇讲解141. mental adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)智力的e.g. The intellectual environment has a significant influence on the mentaldevelopment of the children.知识环境对孩子智力的发展有着重大的影响。

2)精神健康的e.g. Stress has an effect on both your physical and mental health.压力对身体健康和心理健康都有影响。

3)心理上的e.g. The mental state that had created her psychosis was no longer present.导致她精神错乱的那种心理状态已经不见了。

三、常用词组go mental = be very angrye.g. My dad will go mental when he finds out.我父亲要是发现了，他会气疯的。

四、派生词mentally adv.e.g. I was exhausted, both physically and mentally.我身心俱疲。

2. physical adj.一、变形：二、词义：1)物理的e.g. The physical characteristics of the terrain is unique.这一地形的物理特点很奇怪。

2)身体的e.g. The terrible experience has affected both her mental and physical health.这次糟糕的经历让她身心受损。

3)实物的e.g. Physical and ideological barriers had come down in Eastern Europe.物质和意识形态上的障碍在东欧都已减少。

社会工作专业英语-课堂讲义

Profess ional English for Social Work课程导入:社会工作究竟是一门什么样的课程？我们为什么要学习社会工作？学习它有什么用？对社会工作有多少了解？请说出你所知道的社会工作概念。

请说出你所知道的社会工作学者。

请说出你所知道的社会工作著作。

请你说说社会工作和社会学是什么关系。

一个简单的说明:《社会工作：专业英语》是社会工作的基础理论学科，也是社会工作的必修课程。

本课程的教学安排旨在提供基本的概念和理论知识，是进入社会工作领域高阶学习的基础。

Chapter One Social work: IntroductionPart 1、专业知识点学习-句子1、Social work is a profession that focuses particularly on helping people.2、Social work helps people to solve their personal, family and community problems.3、Social work emphasizes human values.4、Social work practice is an art with a scientific and value foundation.5、The family is often regarded as the case in social work.6、Social work has distinctive professional bodies.7、The relationship is the key in the social work process.8、Most social workers are employed in agency settings.9、Traditionally social workers have provided services and therapy for individuals and families.10、The basic functions of social work are intertwined and interdependent.11、Most social workers are on fixed salaries.12 、Fees are utilized for the welfare of the agency.13 、We find that people are still center of the world and its values.14 、As people live together, problems of relationship and interaction emerge.15 、Fifteen-second ads channeled into our homes are common.16 、Use of drugs is on the increase around the world.17 、”computer criminals” are on the scene18 、The school counselor and the social worker share much in common.19 、In one sense, social work is a part of marriage counseling.20 、Social work today is utilized in a variety of settings and agencies.Part 2、专业知识点学习-翻译1、有些人将咨询员的角色与作用和社会工作者的角色与作用混为一谈。

2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义9)

高考3500高频词汇讲解9 Abuse一，变形：abuses; abusing; abused; abused;二，词义；n.(U) 滥用，虐待、辱骂1）滥用e.g. alcohol abuse2）虐待e.g. child abuse3) 辱骂(u)e.g. a torrent of abuse 一通臭骂vt. 滥用，虐待、辱骂1）滥用e.g. She abused her position by giving jobs to her friends.2）虐待e.g. All the children had been physically abused.3) 辱骂e.g. The referee had been threatened and abused.三，近义：insult, 谩骂，侮辱n. (c),; vt. Insult sb.四，派生：abuser，n. 滥用者；虐待者；Income一，变形：incomes(复数);二，词义；n. （总）收入e.g. Tourism is a major source of income for the area.e.g. high/ low income三，拓展：1) wage，n. 按周领取的工资、工钱：2) bill，n. 账单：3) salary，n. 按月发放的工资、薪水：4) earnings，n. （非固定）收入；利润Pressure一，词义；n.1) （C/U）压力；压强e.g. water/air pressuree.g. a pressure gauge气压计2) （U）（人的精神）压力；put. pressure on Sb. 给…施加压力e.g. peer pressuree.g. The job puts great pressure on him.三，近义：1）Stress，n. 因生活问题引起的压力：2）Pressure n. 为达到某一目的而表现出的压力3）Tension，n. 情绪上的紧张、烦躁：4）Strain，n. 压力之下出现的问题、担忧：四，派生：press, vt. 按压Characteristic一，变形：Characteristics;（复数）二，词义；n. 特征，特点（常用复数）e.g. The two groups of children have different characteristics.Adj. 典型的，独特的（of）；三，近义：1）feature，n. （吸引人的）特征，特色，多用于说明人物/事物：2）trait ,n. (某人特有的)先天性格特征Variety一，变形：varieties;（复数）二，词义；n. 多样性，种类，变化1）变化（U）e.g. We all need variety in our diet.2）各式各样(S)（a variety of许多）e.g. This tool can be used in a variety of ways.3）种类（C）e.g. Apples come in a great many varieties.三，近义：1）type，n. 类型；种类：四，派生：various，adj. 各种各样的；vary, vt. Vary from (不同，变化)Desire一，变形：desires; desiring; desired; desired;二，词义；n.（C）愿望，渴望，欲望e.g. a strong desire for power.vt. Desire to do sth.愿望，渴望，欲望（不用于进行时）e.g. We all desire health and happiness.三，近义：1）ambition，n. 野心：四，派生：desirable, adj.渴望的;值得做的；undesirable，adj.,不可取的，不想要的Emotion一，变形：Emotions; （复数）二，词义；n. 情感，感情，情绪e.g. He lost control of his emotions.三，近义：1）feeling，n. 感情：四，派生：1) emotional,adj.;emoji,n.表情符号2)-ion名次后缀；intentionProcess一，变形：processes;（复数）二，词义；n. 过程，程序e.g. I'm afraid getting things changed will be a slow process.Vt. 1）加工，处理e.g. The food is processed carefully.2) 审核，审阅e.g. The application should be processed quickly.三，派生：processing n. 过程；进程：Habit一，词义；1）（C）n. 习惯e.g. good/bad habits2) (u) 习性e.g. out of habit出于习惯Whisper一，变形：whispers; whispering; whispered; whispered二，词义；n.(C) 耳语，私语e.g. They spoke in whispers.vt/vi. 耳语，私语e.g. He whispered to me that he was afraid.e.g. She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.三，近义：murmur, (C), n./vt. （私下）发怨言，牢骚，自言自语Energy一，变形：energies; （复数）二，词义；n.1) (C),精力，能量e.g. It's a waste of time and energy.2) (U),精能源e.g. solar energy.三，近义：1）force，n. 力量：2）power，n. 能力：四，派生：energetic，adj,Pace一，变形：paces; pacing; paced; paced二，词义；n. (U),步伐，节奏，速度e.g. We encourage all students to work at their own pace.Vt. 1）来回踱步；2）调整（工作）节奏e.g. She learns to pace herself in the job.三，近义：1）speed，n. 速度，速率：at the speed of2）rate，n. 速度，速率, 比率：at the rate ofFunction一，变形：functions; functioning; functioned;二，词义；n. (C), 功能，作用e.g. The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.vi. 运转e.g. Despite the power cuts, the hospital continued to function normally.三，近义：1）operate，vi. 运转：vt. 操作四，派生：functional, adj.Chemical一，变形：Chemicals;(复数)二，词义；n. 化学制品，化学药品e.g. The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of chemicals.adj. 化学的e.g. the chemical element化学元素三，派生：1) chemistry, n. (U) 化学；inorganic/organic chemistry 无机/ 有机化学2) biochemistry生物化学Symbol一，变形：Symbols; (复数)二，词义；n. 象征，符号e.g. White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures. 三，近义：1）mark，n. 记号（多指做笔记）2）sign，n. 标记，符号（多指迹象，征兆，手势）四，派生：symbolic，adj.; symbolizeConflict一，变形：conflicts; conflicting; conflicted;二，词义；n. (C),冲突，矛盾，战争e.g. a conflict between two cultures.e.g. conflict of interest 利益冲突vi．conflict with(想法，信仰)矛盾，冲突.e.g. The result conflicts with the earlier findings.三，近义：1）battle，n. 战争2）fight，n./v. 打斗，战斗(fight with/against/for)Solution一，变形：Solutions;（复数）二，词义；n. 解答，解决办法e.g. There's no simple solution to this problem.三，近义：1）answer，n. 答案四，派生：solve , vt. 解决，solve a problemMovie一，变形：movies; （复数）二，词义；n. 电影e.g.Have you seen that movie?三，近义：1）film，n. 电影Feeling一，变形：feelings; （复数）二，词义；n. 1)感觉，知觉e.g.I know the feeling.2) feelings on /about sth.态度，意见e.g. I have mixed feelings about giving up the job.三，近义：1）emotion，n. 情感，情绪四，派生：feel vt.感觉，体会Lie一，变形：lies; lying; （一过））lay; lied; (过分lied；lain;)二，词义；n. （C）谎言，谎话e.g.The whole story is nothing but a pack of lies.e.g.white lies善意的谎言vi. 撒谎（lies; lying; lied; lied）~ (to sb) (about sth)e.g.Don't lie to me about your age.vi. 躺，（lay; lain）,躺下（lie down）e.g.The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire.vi. 存在于e.g.The problems lie in deciding when to start..。

高考英语常考基本词汇讲解讲义(四)

落堕市安心阳光实验学校高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（四）重点单词详解1．affect vt. 影响；侵袭；感染；(感情上)深深打动；使悲伤affect sb / sth 影响某人/某物be affected by 被……打动/感动；受……影响be affected with high fever 发高烧1)His speech ________ the audience deeply. 他的讲话深深地打动了观众。

2)They were deeply ________ by the news of her death. 她死亡的消息令他们很悲伤。

【答案】1)affected 2)affectedaffect, influence和effect用法辨析affect 表示“影响”时，用于有形的物质力量。

Their journey was affected by the bad weather. 他们的旅行受坏天气的影响。

influence 指无形的、长期积累的影响力，能决定受影响人的心智。

He was influenced by his biology teacher to take up the study of medicine. 受他生物老师的影响，他研究起医学来。

The new law will effect the national economic. 这项新法律将会影响国家经济。

(1)用affect, effect和influence的适当形式填空1)The drought seriously ________the harvest.2)The way the guests were treated in the hotel ________their evaluation of the service.3)The president could not ________ a change in policy.4)The slight change of weather can ________her poor health.【答案】1)affected 2)influenced 3)effect 4)affect(2)名校押题We are interested in the weather because it ________us so directly—what we wear, what we do and even how we feel.A．affection B．influences C．affects D．effects【答案与解析】 C affect “影响”，在句中作谓语；influence “潜移默化的影响”； effect作动词时，意为“起作用”。

高考英语复习3500高频词汇讲解4讲义

高考3500高频词汇讲解41、anxiety n.一、变形：复数：anxieties二、词义：焦虑，忧虑；切望，渴望；令人焦虑的事；挂念He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry.他表现出焦躁不安和过度忧虑的症状。

Many editorials express their anxieties about the economic chaos in the country.许多社论对该国经济的混乱状况表示忧虑。

三、派生词anxious adj. 焦虑的；担忧的；渴望的；急切的[比较级more anxious 最高级most anxious ]词组：1、anxious about 为……担心；对……着急So I’m not feeling anxious about anything I “have to” do.所以我不对任何“不得不”去做的事情感到焦虑。

2、anxious for 为…而焦虑Do not be anxious for things and not harm you have to know that you have now is you have an urgent want.不要为渴望得到没有东西而伤害你所拥有的，要知道你现在拥有的正是你曾迫切想得到的。

四、同义词辨析anxiety, worry 这些名词均含"焦虑，关心"之意。

anxiety : 指对预料中的不祥之事的焦虑。

worry : 侧重对未知事态演变的忧虑。

2、anniversary n./adj.一、词义：1. n. 复数：anniversaries 周年纪念日Next year will be the 60th(序数词) anniversary of the repeal of Prohibition.明年将是禁酒令废除60周年。

英语学习专业英语讲义PPT课件

Being a precise quantitative theory, it does not use phrases such as those just given, but calculates for any question under study the numerical probability that it is true.
2、从句在说明主句时有三种可能位置-前、后、中
第13页/共17页
中间-嵌入句将主句分成两部分，造成阅读理解的困难。
This is not, of course, the case in human affairs, and the most that can be done is to seek for mathematical models which describe, however imperfectly as yet they are, the presumed behavior of the system or situation under investigation.
D: 缩略词 Laboratory: lab unidentified flying object: UFO Radio detection and ranging: radar Transistor 和receiver合成transceiver：收发机 Telecommunications satelite: TELESAT通信卫星练习1：写出下列缩略词的中英文全称：PID、PLC、PLD、MOS、TTL、TS、
总结：
语法分析时：
1、找谓语，再找主语。汉语常略主语，而英语中是由主、谓
第14页/共17页
科技英语翻译技巧（translating skills of scientific and technical English)

2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义6)

高考3500高频词汇讲解61、current adj./n.一、变形：复数：currents二、词义：1）N-COUNT (河、湖或海的)水流，潮流Under normal conditions, the ocean currents of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.在正常情况下，太平洋的热带洋流自东向西流。

2）ADJ 现时的;当前的;进行中的The current situation is very different to that in 1990.当前的形势与1990年截然不同。

三、派生词currently 当前；一般地The nature of the medicine is currently a trade secret.这一药物的性质目前是个商业机密。

2、modern adj./n.adj. 比较级：more modern 最高级：most modern1)现代的；当代的；近代的Stress is a major problem of modern life.压力是现代生活中的主要问题。

2) (艺术、音乐、时装等的风格) 新式的；有别于传统的modern art/architecture/drama现代艺术/ 建筑/ 戏剧n. 复数：moderns 现代人；有思想的人We are moderns. 我们都是现代人。

派生词：modernized 使……现代化They have failed to modernize their factories.他们没能使他们的工厂现代化。

3、convenientadj. 1)方便的;便利的The family thought it was more convenient to eat in the kitchen.这家人认为在厨房吃饭更方便。

2)(时间)方便的，合适的，合宜的Would this evening be convenient for you? ~ (for sb/sth) 对……很方便今天晚上你方便吗？派生词：convenienceat sb's convenience 在方便时；在适宜的地点Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting?你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面？4、responsible adj. 比较级：more responsible 最高级：most responsible1) 职责be ~ (for sb/sth) | ~ (for doing sth) 有责任做……；负责……；Mike is responsible for designing the entire project.迈克负责设计全部工程。

2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义11)

高考3500高频词汇讲解11 Nature一，变形：natures;二，词义；n. 自然，自然界，本质，性质1) 自然，自然界，e.g. the beauties of nature.2) 本质，性质e.g. It's difficult to define the exact nature of the problem. 四，派生：natural 自然的，天然的；natural resource自然资源Excitement二，词义；1) n. (U) 兴奋，刺激e.g. Because of her excitement, she dropped her glass.2）（C）令人兴奋的事情e.g. Being admitted by the desirable college is an excitement.三，近义：thrill 兴奋感；兴奋；激动Similarity一，变形：similarities（复数）;二，词义；n. 类似，类似处e.g. She bears a striking similarity to her mother.三，近义：resemble, v. e.g. She closely resembles her sister.Similar二，词义；adj. 相似的~ (to sb/sth) |e.g. My teaching style is similar to that of other teachers.e.g. The two houses are similar in size.三，近义：Similarity, n.Poison一，变形：poisons（复数）; poisons（三单）; poisoning; poisoned;二，词义；n. 毒药，毒素，毒液e.g. Some mushrooms contain a deadly poison.v. 毒害e.g. The rumors that she had poisoned him could never be proved. 三，派生：toxic，poisonousDisaster一，变形：disasters（复数）；二，词义；n. 灾难，灾祸e.g. Thousands died in the disaster.三，近义：tragedy n. 悲剧性事件，惨剧；三，派生：disastrousRescue一，变形：rescues（复数）; rescues（三单）; rescuing; rescued; 二，词义；n. 援救，营救e.g. We had given up hope of rescue.vt. 援救，营救~ sb/sth (from sth/sb)e.g. He rescued a child from drowning.三，近义：1）save v. 解救，挽救；Fright一，变形：frights；二，词义；n. 惊吓，恐惧e.g. He was shaking with fright.三，近义：terrify 使恐吓四，派生：frighten 使受惊Shake一，变形：shakes；shaking; shook；shaken；二，词义；v. 摇晃，震动，颤抖1) vi./vt. 摇晃, 震动e.g. The whole house shakes when a train goes past.1) vi. 颤抖e.g. He was shaking with fear.Value一，变形：values （复数）；values（三单）；valuing；valued 二，词义；vt. 重视，估计，评价1）重视e.g. I really value him as a friend.2）估计e.g. The property has been valued at over $2 million.n. 价值，价格e.g. The winner will receive a prize to the value of £1 000.三、近义：1) estimate v. 估计，估算2）assess v. 估价，估计，核定四、派生：valuableBother一，变形：bothers; bothering; bothered;二，词义；v. 打扰，烦扰，麻烦，费心e.g. I don't want to bother her with my problems at the moment.三，近义：1）disturb v. 妨碍，干扰，打扰；Bear一，变形：bears；bearing；bore；borne；二，词义；vt./ vi. 忍受，承受e.g. The pain was almost more than he could bear.三，近义：1）endure v. [正式] 忍受，忍耐；2）stand v. 经受；忍受；3）tolerate v. 忍受，容忍；四，拓展：bear in mind记住surround一，变形：surrounds; surrounding；surrounded二，词义；vt. 包围，围绕e.g. Police surrounded the building...三，派生：surroundings 环境Settle一，变形：settles；settling；settled；二，词义；v. 使定居，解决1) 使定居e.g. She settled in Vienna after her father's death.2) 解决e.g. It's time you settled your differences with your father.三，近义：1）stay v. 留宿，暂住2）reside v. [正式] 居住，定居；四、派生：settlement 定居，和解Intend一，变形：intends；intending；intended；二，词义；vt. 想要，打算e.g. It is intended that production will start at the end of the monthe.g. The employer intends to offer him a house for free.四，派生：intention n. 意图，目的Garden一，变形：gardens（复数）; gardens（三单）；gardening；gardened；二，词义；n. 花园e.g. children playing in the gardenv. 从事园艺，栽培花木e.g. Jim gardened at the home of his friends on weekends.三，派生1）gardener n. 花匠Remove一、变形：removes; removing; removed;二，词义；vt. 清除，移除，搬开e.g. He removed his hand from her shoulder.三，近义：delete v. delete filesAmuse一，变形：amuses; amusing; amused;二，词义；vt. 使发笑，使愉快e.g. My funny drawings amused the kids.Appreciate一、变形：appreciates; appreciating; appreciated;二，词义；vt. 理解，欣赏，感激1）理解e.g.What I failed to appreciate was the distance between the two cities.2）欣赏e.g.You can't really appreciate foreign literature.3）感激e.g.Your support is greatly appreciated.三，近义：thankful四，派生：appreciationConfuse一，变形：;二，词义；v. 使困惑，混淆1）使困惑e.g.They confused me with conflicting accounts of what happened.2）混淆e.g.People often confuse me and my twin sister.三，近义：1）puzzle v. 使困惑，使迷惑四，派生：。

汽车专业英语讲义词汇

一. 基本车辆术语1. Types of Motor VehicleTypes of Passenger Car 轿车[乘用车]类型passenger car 轿车minicar 微型轿车subcompact car 普通级轿车compact car 中级轿车intermediate car 中高级轿车limousine car 高级轿车race car, sport car 赛车saloon, 2-door sedan 双门轿车sedan 四门轿车coupe 单排座轿车coupe two seater 双排座轿车PU pickup car, 客货两用车，皮卡RV=recreational vehicle 休闲车SUV=sport utility vehicle 多用途车MPV=multipurpose passenger vehicleAPV=all purpose vehicle多用途乘用车，多功能车Types of Commercial Vehicle 商用车类型CV Commercial Vehiclebus 客车mini bus 微型客车light bus 轻型客车medium bus 中型客车large bus 大型客车extra bus 特大型客车articulated bus 铰接客车double-deck bus 双层客车truck 货车mini-truck 微型货车light truck 轻型货车- LTmedium truck 中型货车heavy duty truck 重型货车off-road vehicle 越野汽车 - ORVhummer 高机动性多用途车special purpose vehicle 专用车van 厢式汽车tanker 罐式汽车dump truck 自卸汽车semi-trailer tractor (towing) vehicle 半挂牵引汽车full-trailer tractor (towing) vehicle 全挂牵引汽车trailer 挂车2. Vehicle DimensionsA overall length, total length总长vehicle length 车长B overall width 总宽vehicle width 车宽C unladen height 空载高度vehicle height 车高D front overhang 前悬E WB=wheelbase,wheel space 轴距F rear overhang 后悬G ground clearance 最小离地间隙H,I tread, track width, tread width wheel tread 轮距H front track 前轮距I rear track 后轮距J approach angle, angle of incidence 接近角K departure angle, angle of departure 离去角L loading height 装载高度M chassis frame length 底盘车架长度N cargo body height 货箱高度O interior cargo body height 货箱内高度P cargo body width 货箱宽度R interior cargo body width货箱内宽度1 engine发动机2 front axle前桥3 wheel车轮4 clutch 离合器5 transmissiongearbox 变速器6 propeller shaft 传动轴7 universal Joint万向节8 final drive and differential主减速器和差速器9 rear axle 后桥10 body 车身maximum speed of the automobile 汽车最高车速time of acceleration of the automobile 汽车加速时间maximum gradeability of the automobile 汽车最大爬坡度constant-speed fuel economy of the automobile 汽车等速油耗economical speed of the automobile 汽车经济车速vehicle tractive performance 汽车动力性criteria for the evaluation of vehicle tractive performance 汽车动力性指标fuel economy 汽车燃油经济性braking performance of automobile 汽车制动性braking force 制动力braking deceleration 制动减速度stopping distance 制动距离controllability and stability of the automobile 汽车操纵稳定性 ride comfort of the automobile 汽车行驶平顺性mobility over unprepared terrain 汽车通过性automobile trafficability 汽车通过性automobile test 汽车试验maximum speed 最高车速试验acceleration test 加速试验gradability test 爬被试验coasting test 滑行试验fuel economy test 燃油经济性试验braking force test 制动力试验stopping distance test 制动距离试验brake effectiveness test 制动效能试验braking in a turn test 转弯制动试验steering efforts test 转向轻便性试验vehicle noise test 汽车噪声试验loading fatigue test 加载疲劳试验simulative fatigue test 模拟疲劳试验intensive test 强化试验reliability test 可靠性试验road test 道路试验emission regulations 排放法规emission control 排放控制body durability test 车身疲劳试验body sealing test 车身密封试验body vibration test 车身振动试验body surface pressure distribution test 车身表面压力分布试验wind tunnel test 风洞试验air conditioning test 空调试验CG=center of gravity 重心X longitudinal axis 纵轴, x轴Y lateral axis 横轴, y轴Z vertical axis 竖轴, z轴steering angle 转向角2 wheel slip angle 车轮侧偏角roll axis 侧倾轴4 roll 侧倾steering wheel方向盘steering wheel angle 方向盘转角steering wheel force 方向盘力8 yaw 横摆yaw velocity 横摆速度9 pitch 俯仰(纵倾)pitch angle 俯仰角dive 点头，俯冲squat 下坐(车身后部下沉)二. General Terminology of Electricity and Electronics 电气和电子设备基本术语nominal voltage，basic system voltage 标称电压rated voltage 额定电压earth, ground 搭铁negative earth 负极搭铁正极板 positive plate负极板 negative plate隔板 separator壳体 housing加液盖 vent cover连接条 cell connector电解液 electrolyte蒸馏水 distil watermaintenance-free battery 免维护蓄电地转子总成 rotor assembly定子铁芯 stator core爪极claw pole滑环, 集电环slip ring磁轭yoke电剧brush电刷架 brush holder电刷弹簧 brush spring皮带轮 belt pulley整流器 rectifier二极管diode前端盖 drive end bearing bracket后端盖 slip ring end bearing bracket“B”接线柱 battery terminal“F”接线柱 field terminal“E”接线柱 earth terminal“N”接线柱 neutral terminal无刷交流发电机 brushless alternator整体式交流发电机 intergrate alternator辅出特性曲线 output characteristic curve空载转速 cut-in speed额定转速 rated speed额定电流 rated current最大电流 maximum current磁场电流 field current内搭铁 internal earth外搭铁 external earth电压调节器voltage regulator磁场维电器field relay充电指示继电器charge indicator relay单级电磁振动式调节器single stage voltage regulator 双级电磁振动式调节器double stage voltage regulator 并联线圈 shunt winding串联线圈 series winding加速线圈 accelerating winding补偿线圈 compensating winding调节电阻 regulating resistor加速电阻 accelerating resistor铁芯core衔铁armature磁分路片 magnetic by-pass plate晶体管调节器 transistor regulator集成电路调节器IC regulator内置式调节器 built-in voltage regulator调节电压 regulating voltage起动机 starter, starting motor单向离合器 over-running clutch滚柱式单向离合器roller-type over-running clutch摩擦片式单向离合器 multi-disc clutch惯性式离合器inertia clutch棘轮式单向离合器 ratcher type clutch电磁开关 solenoid switch吸拉线圈 pull-in winding保持线圈 holding winding啮合弹簧 meshing spring复位弹簧 return spring起动继电器 starter relay机械啮合式起动机mechanically engaged drive starter 惯性式起动机inertia drive starter减速起动机 reduction drive starter进气预热器 intake air heater电热塞glow plug预热指示器heater indicator制动力矩lock torque转矩 running torque制动电压 lock voltage空载转速 no-load speed标称功率 nominal power额定功率 rated power输出功率 power output传统点火系统 classic ignition system点火线圈 ignition coil高压插座high tension terminal初级绕组 primary winding次级绕组 secondary winding低压接线柱low tension terminal干式点火线圈dry ignition coil分电器 ignition distributor断电器 contact breaker断电管 contact breaker arm触点间隙 point gap触点区 contact point电容器 condenser分电器盖 distributor cap半导体点火系统（电子点火系统）semi-conductor ignition system, electronic ignition system 电感点火系统 inductive ignition system电容放电点火系统 capacitor discharge ignition system 无触点点火系统 breaker-less ignition system定时转子 timer rotor磁脉冲信号发生器 magnetic pulse generator传感线圈 pick-up coil光电信号发生器 photoelectric signal generator霍尔信号发生器 Hall signal generator火花塞 spark plug中心电极 central electrode绝缘体 insulator点火电压储备 ignition voltage reserve次级输出电压 secondary output voltage火花电压 spark voltage火花电流 spark current火花持续时间 spark duration平均输入电流 average current input峰值线圈电流 peak coil current断电电流 interruption current触点断电电流 contact breaker current初级供电电压 primary supply voltage初级线圈感应电压primary induced voltage点火提前角 spark advance angle刮水电动机 wiper motor吸风电动机 heater motor冷风电动机 cooling an motor燃油泵电动机 fuel pump motor座位移动电动机 seat adjustment motor洗涤电动机 washer motor洗涤泵 washer pump散热器电动机 radiator motor天线电动机 antenna motor门窗电动机window lift motor前照灯head lamp封闭式前照灯 sealed beam headlamp半封闭式前照灯semi-sealed beam headlamp 外装式前照灯 external mounted headlamp 内装式前照灯flush mounted headlamp灯壳 lamp housing遮光罩 light shield反射镜 reflector辅助前照灯 auxiliary headlamp组合前灯 combination headlamp灯泡 bulb雾灯 fog 1amp牌照灯 license plate lamp壁灯 bracket lamp顶灯 ceiling lamp阅读灯 reading lamp踏步灯step lamp仪表灯instrument panel lamp工作灯 portable lamp防空灯 black-out lamp远光 high beam近光lower beam对称光 symmetrical beam非对称光 asymmetrical beam眩光 dazzle, glare前小灯 side light尾灯 tail lamp倒车灯 back-up lamp制动灯stop lamp转向信号灯 turn signal lamp组合后灯combination tail lamp停车灯parking lamp示廓灯 marker lamp示宽灯 width lamp示高灯 height lamp危险报警闪光灯hazard warning lamp转向指示灯turn light indicator电容式闪光器．capacitor type flasher热丝式闪光器 hot wire type flasher晶体管闪光器 transistor flasher危险报警闪光器 hazard warning flasher闪光额率 flash rate起动时间 starting time电控气喇叭electronically controlled air horn晶体管电喇叭、电子电喇叭 transistor horn扬声筒 horn projector膜片diaphragm共鸣板 resonant disc喇叭继电器 born relay倒车报警器 back-up buzzer蜂鸣器 buzzer仪表板总成 instrument panel assembly车速里程表 speedometer磁感应式车速里程表 magnetic inductive speedometer电子车速里程表 electronic speedometer转速表 tachometer油压表 oil pressure gauge电磁式油压表指示器electromagnetic oil pressure indicator 电流表 ammeter电压表 voltmeter软轴 flexible shaft组合仪表 combination instrument气压表air pressure gauge可变电阻式油压表传感器variable resistance oil pressure sensor 机油油量报警传感器oil level warning sensor压力报警传感器pressure warning sensor空气滤清器堵塞报警传感器air-filter clog warning sensor温度表 temperature gauge双金属式温度表指示器bimetallic temperature indicator电磁式温度表指示器 electromagnetic temperature indicator 热敏电阻式温度表传感器thermistor temperature sensor温度报警传感器燃油表temperature warning sensor gauge行驶记录表 tachograph点火开关ignition switch车灯开关 lighting switch制动灯开关stop lamp switch手制动灯开关 hand brake indicator switch变光开关 dimmer switch转向灯开关turn signal switch倒车灯开关back-up lamp switch停车灯开关 parking 1amp switch仪表灯开关instrument lamp switch门灯开关door lamp switch阅读灯开关reading 1amp switch刮水器开关 wiper switch暖风开关heater switch雾灯开关 fog lamp switch插座 socket拖车插座trailer cable socket柱式插座pine socket插接器 connector电线束 wiring harness电路断电器 circuit breaker熔断丝fuseEV= electric vehicle 电动车B hybrid drive 混合动力装置G generator 发电机1 motor 电动机2 inverter 变换器3 battery subsystem 蓄电池子系统battery pack 蓄电池组(包, 堆)4 vehicle subsystem 车辆子系统5 system controller 系统控制器6 electric power steering 电动助力转向8 internal-combustion engine 内燃机9 electric drive 电力驱动装置10power shift transmission 动力换档变速器integrated AC motor and automatic transaxle集成式交流电动机和自动变速驱动桥THS Toyota Hybrid System 丰田混合动力系统operating condition 工作情况1 gasoline engine 汽油发动机2 clutch 离合器3 generator 发电机4 drive sprocket 主动链轮B1 series arrangement 串联布置B2, B3 parallel arrangement 并联布置5 power split device 动力分解(离)装置planetary gears 行星齿轮机构6 ring gear 齿圈8 sun gear 大阳轮(发电机)10 chain 链条11 driven sprocket 从动链轮12 final drive 主减速器13 differential 差速器14 reduction gear 减速齿轮15 inverter 反电压逆变器16 battery 蓄电池17 reduction gears 减速机构18 transmission 变速器board information terminal 仪表板信息终端[中心]1 operator 操作盘2 central display 中央显示器3 to the drive train 至驱动系统4 CAN bus=controller area network bus信息控制器区域网络总线11 OBD on-board diagnostic 车载诊断装置14 RDS-TMC 无线电交通信息频道RDS=radio data system 无线电数据系统TMC=traffic message channel 交通信息频道INFO=information 信息FM= frequency modulation 调频CD=compact disk 光盘AM=amplitude modulation 调幅TP=teleprinter 电传打字机SCP=standard corporate protocol 标准共用协议（美国 SAE J1850） modules on the SCP MCN 标准共用协议多路通信网络中的模块MCN=multiplex communication module 多路通信网络1 next generation speed control module 下一阶段车速控制模块2 PCM＝power train control module 动力控制模块3 ABS/TCS module 防抱死制动系统/牵引力控制模块4 IC module=instrument cluster module 组会仪表模块5 MC module= message center module 信息中心模块6 DLC data link connector 数据传输线插接器7 FEM =front electronics module 前电子模块8 RKE module=remote keyless entry module 遥控门锁模块DDM = driver door module 驾驶员门锁模块9 REM =rear electronics module 后电子模块AB air bag安全气囊ABS anti-lock brake system 防抱死制动系统AC alternating current 交流电air conditioner 空调器automobile club汽车俱乐部ADL automatic door lock 自动门锁AEC automobile emission control 汽车排放控制AIAE American institute of automobile engineers美国汽车工程师协会A/M automatic/manual自动/手动AMT automatic mechanical transmission机械式自动变速器APC automatic performance control爆震自动控制系统ASC anti-slip control驱动防滑控制系统AT automatic transmission 自动变速器ATA anti-thief alarm防盗报警ATC automatic temperature control自动温度控制ATS anti-thief system防盗系统AWD all-wheel drive 全轮驱动AWS all-wheel steering 全轮转向BWI body in white 白车身CAD computer-aided design计算机辅助设计CAM computer-aided management计算机辅助设计CAE computer-aided engineering 计算机辅助工程CAN controller area network 控制器区域网络CCS cruise control system 巡航控制系统CNG compressed natural gas压缩天然气CIMS computer-integrated manufacturing system计算机集成制造系统CVT continuously variable transmission 无级变速器CR-V comfortable recreational vehicle (本田)舒适休闲车DC drag coefficient 风阻系数digital control 数字控制direct current 直流电DCI direct cylinder injection 直接喷入汽缸DCS deceleration control system 减速控制系统DEFI digital electronic fuel injection 数字式电子控制燃油喷射DFI digital fuel injection 数字式燃油喷射Direct fuel injection 直接燃油喷射DCM diagnostic control mode诊断控制模块DI direct injection 直接喷射DI diesel engine 直喷式柴油发动机DI gasoline engine 直喷式汽油发动机DOHC double overhead camshaft 双顶置凸轮轴DPB dual power brake 双回路助力制动DTC diagnostic trouble code 诊断故障码EAT electronic automatic transmission 电控自动变速器EAS electronic (control) air suspension电子控制空气悬架EBS electronic brake system 电子制动系EBTC electronic brake and traction control 制动和牵引力电子控制ECD electronic control diesel 电子控制柴油机ECI electronic control injection电子控制喷射ECI-turbo electronic control injection turbo电子控制燃油喷射涡轮增压发动机ECS Engine Control System 发动机控制系统Electronic control suspension电子控制悬架Electronic Control System 电子控制系统ECU electronic control unit 电子控制模块EFI electronic fuel injection 电子控制燃油喷射EGR exhaust-gas recirculation 废气再循环EHPS electronic hydrostatic power steering 电子液压蛀力转向EHV electric and hybrid vehicle 电动和混合动力汽车ECVT eletro-continuously variable (belt) transmission电子控制（带式）无级变速器EGI electronic gasoline injection 电子汽油喷射EPI electronic petrol injection 电子汽油喷射ESC electronic spark control 电子点火控制electric suspension control system电子控制悬架电子控制悬架ESP electronic stability program电子稳定程序ESCS electronic suspension control system 电子悬架控制系统ETC electronic traction control 电子牵引力控制装置ETS exhaust-gas-turbo-supercharger 废气涡轮增压器Euro 2 欧洲第二阶段排放限制标准EEC European economic community 欧共体ETCC European touring car championship 欧洲房（旅游、高性能）车锦标赛F1 Formula 1 一级方程式（汽车赛）FES Federal emission standard (美)联邦排放标准FF front front（发动机）前置前驱动FMS flexible manufacturing system 柔性制造系统FR front rear（发动机）前置后驱动FWD four wheel drive 四轮驱动Front wheel drive前轮驱动FWS four-wheel steering 四轮转向GT grand touring(轿车分类)高性能类，房车类，旅游类GTCC German touring car championship 德国房车冠军赛GPS global positioning system 全球卫星定位系统HTV hybrid test vehicle 混合动力试验车HUD head up display 抬头显示，前窗玻璃映像显示HV hybrid vehicle 混合动力车HC hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物ICE internal combustion engine 内燃机ICS intercooler system中冷系统IDI indirect fuel injection 间接燃油喷射IEEE institute of electrical and electronics engineers（美）电气与电子工程师学会IFS independent front suspension 前轮独立悬架INFLATABLE RESTRAINT （仪表板字符）安全气囊指示灯ISO international standard organization 国际标准化组织LAN local area network 局域网LCD liquid crystal display 液晶显示LNG liquefied natural gas 液化天然气LPG liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LMG liquefied mathane gas液化甲烷气MAN manual 手动的MT manual transmission手动变速器MIL malfunction indicator lamp 故障指示灯MPFI multi port fuel injection 多点燃油喷射MPI multi point injection 多点喷射MPV multipurpose vehicle多用途车NCAP new car assessment program 新型汽车鉴定程序NG netural gas 天然气NOX nitrogen oxide 氮氧化和物OBD system on-board diagnostic system 车载诊断装置PCV positive crankcase ventilation 曲轴箱强制通风PS power steering 动力转向PUC pickup car 客货两用小汽车，皮卡PU foam polyurethane foam 聚氨酯泡沫塑料PVC polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯RC engine rotary combustion engine 转子发动机RR rear rear（发动机）后置后驱动RV recreational vehicle 休闲车RWD rear-wheel drive 后轮驱动SAE society of automotive engineers,Inc. （美）汽车工程师学会SAMT semi-automatic transmission 半自动机械式变速器SFI sequential fuel injection顺序式燃油喷射SEPFI sequential electronic port fuel injection顺序电子燃油喷射SLV sport luxury vehicle 运动型豪华多用途车SLS sport luxury sedan 运动型豪华轿车ST sport touring car 运动型旅行车SUV sport utility vehicle 运动型多用途车SRD spin resistant differential 防滑差速器SRS supplemental restraint system 辅助约束装置（又称安全气囊）SRT street racing technology 公路赛车技术TBI throttle body fuel injection 节气门体燃油喷射TC technical center 技术中心Traffic control交通控制Turbo charger涡轮增压器Turbocharged coupe涡轮增压双门跑车TCC transaxle converter clutch 变矩器离合器，变速驱动桥TCCS Toyota computer controlled system 丰田计算机控制系统TCS traction control system 牵引力控制系统TD turbo diesel 涡轮增压柴油机TDI turbo-DI涡轮增压柴油机TFT thin film transistor 薄膜液晶管TUV Toyota universal vehicle 丰田多用途车T-VIS Toyota variable induction system丰田可变进气系统TWC three-way catalyst三元催化转换器TWD two-wheel drive两轮驱动UTCS urban traffic control system 城市公交管理系统VSC vehicle speed control 车辆速度控制vehicle stability control 车辆稳定控制装置VTSS vehicle theft security system 车辆防盗安全系统VIVT variable inlet-valve timing 可变进气门正时V-TCS viscous traction control system 粘性牵引力控制系统1 shielded(screened) conductor 屏蔽导线2 switch position 开关位置3 manual actuation 人工动作4 actuation by follower 随动装置作动5 thermal actuation 热传动6 general actuation 一般作动mechanical actuation 机械作动pneumatic actuation 气压作动hydraulic actuation 液压传动7 piston actuation 活塞作动8 actuation by rotation speed n 转速n作动9 actuation by pressure p 压力p作动10 actuation by quantity Q 流量Q作动11 actuation by time t 时间t作动12 actuation by temperature t°温度t作动13 not intrinsic variability and adjustability非固有可变性和可调性14 momentary switch 瞬时开关14a break contact 断点开关14b make contact 闭合触点15 detent switch 棘爪开关not automatic return 非自动返回16 change over switch 转接（换向）开关17 two-way switch 双向（位）开关18 switch with ganged make and break contacts联动通断开关double-make contact switch 双节点开关19 multiple-position switch 多位开关20 cam-operated switch 凸轮驱动开关NC contact=normally closed contact 常闭触点 contact-breaker points 接触断路器触点21 thermostatic switch, thermo-switch热敏(动)开关22 actuation with one winding 单绕组作动23 actuation with two winding双绕组作动24 electrothermal actuator of thermal relay热继电(动)器25 electromagnetic actuator 电磁作动器26 potentiometer 电位计27 heating resistor 热电阻器glow plug 电热塞flame plug 火焰塞heated window 电热窗28 permanent magnet 永磁铁29a general indicating instrument 普通指示仪表 29b voltmeter 电压表29c clock 时钟30a rotation-speed indicator 转速表30b temperature indicator 温度表30c linear-speed indication 线速度指示器31 shielded device有屏蔽装置32a ECU=electronic control unit 电子控制模块 32b electronic control regulator 电子调节器33socket 插座female contact 孔接触34 light 灯光headlamp 前照灯35 horn 喇叭fanfare horn 高音喇叭36 heated rear window defroster电热式后窗除霜器37 general switch 普通开关38 general switch with indicator lamp带指示灯普通开关39 pressure switch 压力开关40 general relay 普通继电器41 solenoid valve 电磁阀42 thermotime switch 热敏定时开关43 rotary actuator 旋转执行器44 pressure control valve 压力控制阀45 temperature switch 温度开关temperature sensor 温度传感器46 idle actuator 怠速执行器47 spark plug 火花塞48 ignition coil 点火线圈49 single-spark ignition coil 单火花点火线圈50 general ignition distribution普通点火分电器51 voltage regulator 电压调节器52 alternator with regulation带调节的交流发电机53 starter with solenoid带电磁开关的起动机54 electric fuel pump 电动燃油泵55 wiper motor 刮水器电动机56 car radio 汽车无线电57 car antenna 汽车天线58 speaker扬声器59 voltage stabilizer 稳压器60 inductive sensor 电感传感器61 turn–signal sensor转向信号闪光器62 plezoelectric sensor 压电传感器63 lumbda oxygen sensor 氧传感器，λ传感器64 air flow sensor 空气流量计65 air-mass meter 空气质星流星计66 flow-quantity sensor 流量传感器67 rotational-speed sensor 转速传感器68 needle-movement sensor 针阀运动传感器EBD(Electric Brake force Distribution)-电子制动力分配ESP (Electronic Stability Program)--电子稳定程序Telligent Lane Assist (车道辅助系统)Telligent Proximity Control （动态速度控制系统）Telligent Stability Control (稳定控制系统)cab 商用汽车驾驶室cabin 驾驶室deflector 导流罩cab deflector shield 驾驶室导流板cab fairing 驾驶室整流罩cab floor 驾驶室地板cab mounting 驾驶室悬置cab air suspension 商用汽车驾驶室空气悬挂cab alongside engine （ CAE ）侧置驾驶室cab behind engine 长头驾驶室(CBE)cab heater 驾驶室加热器cab over engine 平头驾驶室(COE)产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers.畅销全球selling well all over the world典雅大方elegant and graceful定型耐久 durable modeling方便顾客making things convenient for customers顾客第一 Customers first深受顾客欢迎We have won praise from customers; to win warm praise from customers.深受国内外客户的信赖和称誉to win a high admiration and is widely trusted at home and abroad.深受消费者的欢迎和好评to be highly praised and appreciated by the consuming public质量第一，用户至上quality first, consumers first采用先进技术和工艺to adopt advanced technology采用最新设备和工艺with the most up-to-date equipment and techniques操作简便easy and simple to handle维修简易easy to repair性能可靠 dependable performance性能可靠 reliable performance最新工艺 latest technology科技文章中经常使用若干特定的句型，从而形成科技文体区别于其他文体的标志。

专业英语教案、讲义

专业英语阅读教案土木建筑工程学院主讲：杜佳2007——2008学年度第二学期第一章CHAPTER FOUR: GARDEN CITY VS. URBAN VILLAGE&NEW URBANISMARTICLE: Garden City一：首先向同学们大略介绍田园城市理论的背景，创始人及其理论主要内容，对现代城市规划的深远意义，使学生对要面临的英文阅读材料有一个大致的背景认识和了解二：对文章正文进行正式阅读，将其拆分为段落进行讲授，该过程中，注意与学生的互动，在每一小段落首先进行词汇学习，让学生自己先阅读，老师再进行讲解和翻译。

过程中，一方面注重强化学生对英语词汇的学习语法语句的掌握，另一方面注重专业知识的学习、理解和掌握。

原文：In 1898, social reformer（改革家，改革运动者）Ebenezer Howard promulgated （发布、公布、传播） a scheme（安排、计划） to build new towns rather than（胜于）add population to the already（已经） large cities, called the garden city plan.译文：（本段讲述了田园城市的背景）在1898年，社会改革运动者埃比尼泽霍华德发布了一个建设新镇的计划，（这个计划）胜于在已经巨大的城市再增加人口，这个计划被称作田园城市计划。

原文：Garden cities were to be small, thoroughly（完全的） planned towns, each（各自、每个） encircled （环绕、包围）by an inalienable（不能剥夺的） rural（乡下的、田园的） estate（不动产、财产） and interconnected（使互相连接） by a rapid transit（高速交通） system of electric（电气的） railways（铁路）.译文：（本段讲述了田园城市的构想）田园城市是小型的，完全根据计划的城镇，它们各自被永久的农业带（田地）给包围起来，电气铁路的高速交通系统将它们彼此间联系起来。

2024最新版英语3500高频词汇讲解(讲义7)

高考3500高频词汇讲解71、climate n. 复数：climates1)气候the hot and humid climate of Cyprus塞浦路斯闷热潮湿的气候2)潮流；氛围；风气In the present economic climate more progress may be made than before.在目前的经济形势下，可能会取得比以往更大的进步。

同义词辨析：climate, weather 这两个名词都有"天气，气候"之意。

climate : 指某一地区常年的气候情况，包括气温、降雨量。

还可用作比喻。

weather : 指某地区具体的短时间内的天气，包括晴雨寒暖等情况。

2、personality n.复数：personalities1）人格；个性；性格She has such a kind, friendly personality.她性格亲切友善。

2）名人television personalities电视名人3）特色；特征；独特氛围There are many places which have strong personalities of their own in Sichuan.四川有很有鲜明特色的地方。

词根：personal adj.个人的；身体的；亲自的That's my personal opinion.这是我的个人意见。

3、fame n./vt.n. 复数：fames名声；名气；声誉；名誉fame as sth以某事物闻名He first found fame as a children's writer.他是以儿童作家开始出名的。

The film earned him international fame. sth. earn sb. fame 为某人赢得名誉这部电影为他赢得了国际声望。

同义词辨析：fame, reputation, glory 这些名词均有"名声，名誉"之意。

语法词汇讲义

专业英语四级考试语法词汇讲义第一部分语法与词汇一、虚拟语气考点（一）“if”引导从句1、省略if倒装（1）had + 主语 + （not）done 与过去事实相反（2）should + 主语 + do 与将来事实相反（3）were + 主语 + （not）to do 与将来事实相反以上均省略if，将had、should、were提前，句子倒装。

2、含蓄虚拟，用介词短语代替if从句引导的虚拟（1）without = but for 若不是，要不是，如果没有3、错综（混合）虚拟，主从句时态不在一个时间段技巧：对号入座，主套主，从套从如：如果我是你（现在），我早把这书买了（过去）。

我要赶上那趟车（过去），现在就坐这上课了（现在）。

﹡（二）其他形式虚拟（单选常考到，非常重要）是过去时即与过去相反，是将来时即与将来相反。

从句后是现在时即与现在相反，had better （not）do 最好做…4、if only一般省略主句，用法与wish相同5、用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的虚拟从句中，am、is、are原形即be解题方法：找出标志词；找出动词原形：do（主动）、be done（被动）（1）用表示建议、命令、要求等V.引导的宾从中公式：主语 + 谓语v.（必认词）+ 主语 +（should）+ do/be done必认v. suggest，propose，order，ask，require，request，desire，demand，insist，command，recommend，move，urge，advise（2）用于与建议、命令、要求等V.意义类似的形容词所引导的主语从句公式：It is + adj. （必认词）+ that + 主语 +（should）+ do/be done必认adj. suggested，proposed，ordered，asked，required，requested，desired （desirable），demanded，commanded，recommended，urgent，advisable，important，vital，essential，necessary, imperative（3）与表示建议、命令、要求等v.相类似的n.引导的表语从句和同位语从句表从公式：主语 + 系词 + that + 主语（should） + do/be done同位从公式：n. + that + 主语（should）+ do + do/be done必认n. suggestion，proposal，order，requirement，request，desire，demand，insistence， motion，recommendation，advice6、 It's/was/ + time + that + 主语 + did（过去式）早该到…的时间了/high time/about time7、跳层虚拟公式：真实，otherwise / or + 虚拟虚拟，but +真实（一般考过去时）特点：真实——过去时或 must have done，对过去肯定猜测虚拟——would / could + have done（三）情态v. + have done ，表示对过去事情的推测must + have done 肯定，没有mustn't（表禁止…）could + have done 本能够，可能做（但未做）may + have done 本可能，或许might + have done 本可能should = ought to + have done 本应做，而未做（含责备）shouldn't = oughtn't to + have done 本不应做而做了（含责备）needn't + have done 没有必要做而做了（无责备）need 情态v.“必要” + v.实义v.“需要” + need doing（形式主动，实际被动） = need to be done“需要”need + to do二、非谓语动词（一）不定式：to do / not to do1、形式（时态/语态）， vt.（vi.只有主动）基本形式：主动被动﹡一般式to do to be done﹡完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing ×完成进行式to have been doing ×注意：不定式的一般式表示动作与主句的动作将要发生或同时发生，而不定式的完成式表示动作要先于主句的动作前发生，不定式的完成式不能作定语。

【第1天词汇篇上】极简英语公开课讲义

讲义使用说明：根据老师课上所讲内容，将讲义中横线上空白处单词词义补充完整，建议打印之后使用学习。

一、基础必备类例如：mother [ˈmʌðə(r)] n. 妈妈book [bʊk] n.书籍building [ˈbɪldɪŋ] n. 建筑物public [ˈpʌblɪk] adj. 公共的economy [ɪˈkɒnəmi] n. 经济raise /reɪz/ v. 举起；；tissue /'tɪʃuː/ n. 纸巾；break /breɪk/ v. 打破，打断；n.settle ['set(ə)l] v. 解决；deliver [dɪ'lɪvə(r)] v. 送货；admit [əd‘mɪt] v. 承认；；二、. 拟声拟形类abortion /ə'bɔːʃ(ə)n/ n. 流产，堕胎anecdote /‘ænɪkdəʊt/ n. 奇闻轶事charger /'tʃɑːdʒə/ n.treasure /'treʒə/ n. 金银珠宝agony /‘ægənɪ/ n.（极度）痛苦bomb /bɒm/ n.boom /buːm/ n. 隆隆声；繁荣发展booming adj. 繁荣的yawn /jɔːn/ v. 打哈欠n. 哈欠alphabet /'ælfəbet/ n.Bball /bɔːl/ n.球balloon /bəˈluːn/ n.belly /'belɪ/ n.肚子，腹部belt [belt] n. 腰带；安全带bow /bəʊ/ n. 弓/baʊ/ v. 鞠躬rainbow /'reɪnbəʊ/ n. 彩虹bowl /bəʊl/n. 碗boil [bɔɪl] v. 煮沸，烧开boiling ['bɔɪlɪŋ] adj. 煮沸的；很热的boiled [bɔɪld] adj. 煮熟的breast [brest] n.bread[bred] n.VV =“空”象形文字vase [veɪs] n. 花瓶van /væn/n. 厢式货车vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ n.valley /ˈvæli/ n.volume /ˈvɑːljuːm/ n. 容量；音量vain /veɪn/ adj. 徒劳的，无用的vacant /'veɪk(ə)nt/ adj. 空着的vacancy ['veɪkənsi] n.vacation /və'keɪʃ(ə)n/ n.void /vɒɪd/ n. 空白avoid [ə'vɔɪd] v. 避免三、简单复合类girlfriend n. 女朋友boyfriend n. 男朋友policeman n. （男）警察fireman n.火警blackboard n. 黑板cupboard n.橱柜四、相关相仿类nice[naɪs] adj. 好的vice [vaɪs] n.mild [maɪld] adj. 温和的；轻微的；随和的wild [waɪld] adj.vote [vəʊt] v. 投票, 支持veto[‘vi:təʊ] v.accident['æksɪdənt] n. 事故incident[‘ɪnsɪdənt] n.womb [wu:m] n. 子宫tomb [tu:m] n.ear [ɪə(r)] n. 耳朵beard [bɪə(r)d] n.shut /ʃʌt/ v. 关闭（门闩）shuttle /‘ʃʌt(ə)l/v.text [tekst] n. 文本textile [ˈtekstaɪl] n.texture /'tekstʃə/ n. 质地，手感pan [pæn]n. 平底锅company['kʌmp(ə)ni] n.companion [kəm‘pænjən] n. 伴侣（人）accompany [ə‘kʌmp(ə)ni] v.spring /sprɪŋ/ n. 春天spread /spred/ v./n.spray /spreɪ/ v. 喷洒sprayer /'spreɚ/ n.sprout /spraʊt/ v. 发芽，长出叶子老师5年呕心沥血总结古人造词的逻辑依据：元辅音通假规律ride /raɪd/v. 骑马comrade/ˈkɑːmræd/n.share /ʃeə/ v. 分享；股票shore /ʃɔr/ n.clash[klæʃ] v./n. 冲突crash[kræʃ] n./v.lamp[læmp] n. 台灯lamb[læm] n.candle['kændl] n. 蜡烛kindle['kɪndl] v.homicide [‘hɑmɪ.saɪd] n. 杀人suicide ['suːɪsaɪd] n.road [rəʊd] n.路route [ru:t] n.routine /ruː'tiːn/ n.round /raʊnd/ adj. 圆的rotate /rə(ʊ)'teɪt/ v. rotary /'rəʊt(ə)rɪ/adj.snake /sneik/ n. 蛇sneak /sniːk/ v. sneaker /'sniːkə/ n.。

高考英语常考基本词汇讲解讲义(十)

落堕市安心阳光实验学校高考常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（十）重点单词详解1．determine vt.(使)下决心；(使)做出决定；确定；测定vi. 决定；决心(on / upon)determine to do sth 决心 / 决定做某事determine sb to do sth 使某人下决心做某事determine on / upon sth / doing sth 决定 / 决心做某事determined adj.有决心的be determined to do sth 决定 / 决心做某事be determined ＋ that 从句 (从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气)1)They ________ ________where the new hospital will be built. 他们已经决定在何处建医院。

2)My teacher's encouragement________me to go on with my English. 老师的鼓励使我下决心继续学习英语。

3)We ________ on an early start. 我们决定早点出发。

4)I left her, ________ never to set foot in that house. 我离开了她，决心不再走进那房子。

5)We ________ ________ that this should never be allowed to happen again. 我们下定了决心不让这样的事情再发生。

【答案】1)have determined 2)determined 3)determined 4)determining 5)were determined (1)用determine的适当形式填空1)It's often difficult ________ ________ the meaning of a word withouta context.2)She is a very ________woman.3)The boy ________ ________ ________ to be a soldier for a long time.【答案】1)to determine 2)determined 3)has been determined(2)名校押题He was determined that his child ________ to the best school available. A．should go B．went C．ought to go D．would go 【答案与解析】 A 在require, order和be determined从句中，应该使用虚拟语气。

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anthracite无烟煤, lignite 褐煤, bituminous coal 烟煤, graphite 石墨coke 焦炭, liquefaction 液化, gasification 气化,hydrogenation 加氢Coal assay 煤质分析, moisture 水分Volatile content 挥发分Ash content 灰分Fixed carbon 固定碳Relative density 相对密度Particle size distribution颗粒粒度组成Float-sink test 浮沉试验Abrasion test 磨耗试验Specific energy 比能Ash fusion test 灰融试验Crucible swelling index坩埚膨胀序数Energy output 发热量矿石粒度size of the ore，有用矿物颗粒grains of valuable minerals细粒嵌布finely disseminated，低品位矿石low grade ore解离度degree of liberation ，光学性质optical properties磁性magnetic properties，导电性electrical conductivity propertierun-of-mine ore 原矿, ore dressing 选矿, milling选矿，磨矿,metallic ore金属矿，non-metallic mineral非金属矿物，end product 最终产品，valuable mineral有用矿物gangue mineral脉石矿物，enrich 富集，concentrate精矿, tailing尾矿，recovery回收率,leaching浸出，finely dissemination细粒嵌布liberation解离，concentration富集comminution 粉碎, crushing 破碎, grinding 磨矿, particle size 颗粒粒度degree of liberation 解离度overgrind 过磨grade 品位sorting 拣选hand selection 手选, froth flotation 泡沫浮选, pulp 矿浆,low intensity magnetic separator 弱磁场磁选机high-intensity separator 强磁场磁选机ferromagnetic mineral 铁磁性矿物paramagnetic mineral 顺磁性magnetite磁铁矿Non-ferrous mineral有色金属矿Non-metallic mineral非金属矿Electrical conductivity properties导电性magnetic separation磁选, high-tension separation高压电选,Beneficiation选矿，富集,roasting煅烧，焙烧, sizing筛分, screen筛子, classifier分级机, Dewatering脱水, thickener浓密机, filter过滤机, drier干燥机. Comminution 粉碎Disseminated浸染的Associate 伴生Conveyor运输机Stage段Reduction ratio破碎比mill 磨矿机grinding media 磨矿介质feed 给矿stress 应力Tensile stress 拉应力potential energy势能Adsorption吸附Surfactant 表面活性剂Primary crushing 粗碎Secondary crushing 中碎Tertiary crushing 细碎Open circuit 开路Scalping screen 棒条筛Grizzly 棒条筛Throughput 处理能力Swinging jaw动颚Jaw crusher 颚式破碎机Gyratory crusher 旋回破碎机Impact crusher 冲击式破碎机Cone crusher 圆锥破碎机Roll crusher辊式破碎机sieve bends 弧形筛shaking screens 振荡筛reciprocating screen 往复筛gyratory screens 回转筛vibrating screens 振动筛screening 筛分screen 筛子coarse material 粗粒物料efficiency 效率undersize 筛下，筛下物oversize 筛上，筛上物closed-circuit 闭路near mesh particles 难筛粒classification分级settling rate沉降速率terminal velocity沉降末速Specific gravity比重viscosity粘度overflow溢流underflow 底流Resistance 阻力viscous resistance 粘滞阻力turbulent resistance 紊流阻力，buoyant force浮力drag force 拖曳力percentage of solids by weight固体重量百分比spherical particle球形颗粒Stokes’ law斯托克斯公式Reynolds number雷诺数free settling自由沉降Hindered settling干涉沉降free settling ratio自由沉降等沉比Hydraulic classifier水力分级机Settling cone 圆锥分级机，深锥Mechanical classifier 机械分级机Hydrocyclone 水力旋流器Gravity concentration重力选矿Froth flotation泡沫浮选Flotation reagent浮选药剂Concentrate v.富集，n.精矿Concentration criterion可选性判定系数，可选性准则Jig跳汰机Cone圆锥分选机Spiral螺旋分选机Shaking table摇床Flow-film separation流膜选矿pulp density矿浆浓度Thicken浓缩Thickener浓密机，浓缩机Settling cone沉降池，浓密斗Cyclone旋流器deslime 脱泥middlings 中矿rougher 粗选preconcentration 预选feed density 给矿浓度Heavy medium separation/ dense medium separation重介质分选Sink and float test （heavy liquid test）浮沉实验Specific gravity比重Heavy liquid重液Near-density material/ near gravity material近比重物料Upper size limit粒度上限Separating density分选密度Misplaced material错配物Apparent density 表观密度Density fraction密度级Yield产率Ash content灰分Weight fraction / weight per cent质量分数Washability curves可选性曲线Medium cleaning facility介质净化设施Flotation 浮选Direct flotation 直接浮选Reverse flotation 反浮选Hydrophobic 疏水的Hydrophobicity疏水性Hydrophilic 亲水的Floatability 可浮性Collectors 捕收剂Frothers 起泡剂Regulators 调整剂Activates 活化pH modifiers pH调整剂Dispersants分散剂Coagulators凝聚剂Flocculants絮凝剂Kinetics of flotation 浮选动力学Conditioning 调浆Aeration 充气Flowsheet流程Mineralized froth矿化气泡Flotation column浮选柱Coagulation凝聚Flocculation絮凝Sedimentation沉降Filtration过滤Thermal drying热力干燥Agglometrate团聚Flocs絮团Polyacrylamides聚丙烯酰胺Centrifuges离心机Screw conveyor螺旋输送机Solid bowl scroll centrifuge螺旋卸料沉降式离心机选煤部分词汇：Coal preparation选煤run of mine 毛煤raw coal原煤cleaned coal/clean coal精煤Middlings 中煤reject/refuse 矸石washability/preparability可选性flotability可浮性Float-and-sink analysis/test浮沉试验washability curve 可选性曲线design capacity 设计能力Pithead coal preparation plant 矿井选煤厂groupmine’s coal preparation plant群矿选煤厂Mine coal preparation plant矿区选煤厂central coal preparation plant中心选煤厂Use’s coal preparation plant用户选煤厂size粒度sizing 分级size consist粒度组成Sized coal 粒级煤lump coal 块煤mixed coal混煤classification 分级Size analysis 筛分分析mean size 平均粒度fines 粉煤desliming 脱泥classifier 分级机Hydrocyclone水力旋流器density consist密度组成launder 溜槽closed water circuit洗水闭路循环slimes 细泥slurry 煤泥水gravity concentration/separation 重力选煤preparation of blended raw coal 配煤入洗preparation of grouped raw coal 分组入洗preparation of unsized raw coal 不分级入洗preparation of deslimed raw coal脱泥入洗spilt flow分流Froth flotation泡沫浮选selective flocculation methed选择性絮凝法pulp矿浆flotation concentrate 浮选精煤flotation tailings浮选尾煤flotation middlings 浮选中煤contact angle接触角hydrophobic mineral 疏水性矿物hydrophilic mineral 亲水性矿物flotation time 浮选时间flotation agent 浮选药剂emulsifier乳化剂regime of agent药剂制度direct flotation 直接浮选thickening flotation 浓缩浮选roughing粗选scavenging 扫选cleaning 精选flotation test 浮选试验batch-flotation test 单元浮选试验timed-release analysis 分布释放浮选试验flotation column 浮选柱dewatering脱水drying 干燥filtration 过滤flocculation 絮凝clarification 澄清thickening 浓缩slurry pond煤泥池fixed screen固定筛basket centrifuge 过滤式离心脱水机solid-bowl centrifuge沉降式离心脱水机screen-bowl centrifuge沉降过滤式离心脱水机centrate离心液filter cake 滤饼filtrate滤液pressure filter压力过滤机filter press 压滤机vacuum filter真空过滤机dredging sump捞坑flocculant 絮凝剂flocs絮团settling pond 沉淀池rake thickener耙式浓缩机cyclone thickener浓缩旋流器filter aid助滤剂centrifuge 离心脱水机filter 过滤机disc-type filter 圆盘式真空过滤机drum-type filter圆筒式真空过滤机hyperbaric filter 加压过滤机slime煤泥coarse slime 粗煤泥primary slime 原生煤泥secondary slime 次生煤泥crushing破碎grinding磨碎reduction ratio破碎比liberation解离crushability 可碎性grindability可磨性jaw crusher鄂式破碎机roll crusher辊式破碎机rigid-hammer crusher 固定锤式破碎机ball mill球磨机Efficiency 效率yield recovery产率distribution curve 分配曲线separation size分离粒度sizing size 分级粒度near-density material 邻近密度物recovery回收率capacity 处理能力unit capacity 单位处理能力efficiency of screening筛分效率Size distribution curve 粒度特性曲线theoretical separation density理论分选密度practical separation density实际分选密度ecart probable moyen E pm,E 可能偏差imperfection I 不完善度percentage of desulfurization 降硫率cut-point ash分界灰分rule of maximum yield 最高产率原则Perfect index flotation 浮选完善指标Blending 配料surge hopper 缓冲仓bulk density堆密度control system控制系统automatic control 自动控制sensor传感器ash monitor 灰分检测器on line coal ash monitor 在线灰分仪on line moisture monitor在线水分仪on line coal analyzer在线煤质仪。