词类转换(英语翻译技巧).

词类转换

英汉两种语言属于不同的语系,英语属于印欧语系,汉语属于汉藏语系。不同语系的语言,无论在词汇方面或在语法方面都有很大的差别。在科技英语翻译实践中,在很多情况下需要进行词类转换。所谓词类转换,是指把原文语言中的某一词类转移成汉语的另一词类而言。掌握翻译中的词类转换译法,就可使我们敢于脱离原文词类的限制,跳出原文词类的框框,用汉语的适当词类予以表达。

一,转换成汉语动词。

英语和汉语比较起来,汉语中动词用得比较多,这是一个特点,在英语句子中只用一个谓语动词,在汉语中却可以几个动词或动词性结构连用。在英语中不少词类在汉译时往往可以转译成动词。

1,名词转换成动词

英语中大量具有动作意义的名词和动词派生出来的名词往往可以译成动词。

With a click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second.

只要一点鼠标,来自世界另一端的信息便会以每秒绕地球七周半的惊人速度传输到你的电脑屏幕上。

China’s first atomic blast in october 1964 was a great shock to the world.

1964年10月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹,全球为之震惊。

Can artificial fibers be used as substitutes for natural fibers?

人造纤维能代替天然纤维吗?

We must place stress on the prevention of disease.

我们应以预防疾病为主。

This situation requires the formation of a new strategic frame.

这种形势要求制定新的战略框架。

The UN document calls for the settlement of the Middle East conflicts on the basis of Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and Arab acko wledgement of Israel’s right to exist.

联合国文件要求,以色列撤出所占土地,阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利,在此基础上,解决中东冲突。

2,形容词转换为动词,

英语中某些表示状态,知觉。情感,态度,感受,感觉,信念等意义,在句中作表语的形容词以及同介词搭配构成句子表语或定语的形容词,通常可译成汉语中的动词。

The amount of work is dependent on the applied force and the distance the body is moved.

功的大小取决于所施加的力与物体所移动的距离。

The amount of work is equal to the product of the force by the distance.

功的大小等于力和距离的乘积。

Copper wire is flexible.

铜线容易弯曲。

While the Chinese are eager to import modern medical technology from the West, increasing members of Westerners are equally interested in adopting the traditional medical remedies of China.

现在中国人热衷于从西方国家进口现代化医疗技术,而越来越多的西方人则热衷于接受中医疗法。

其他一些和介词构成词组在句中用作表语或定语而且常可译成动词的形容词还有:

Destructive of …. 有害于,有损于,Different from…不同于,有别于

exclusive of (from…不算,免除Full of …充满

parallel to (with 平行于peculiar to …. 限于

Responsible for…..担负,负责Scarce of ….. 缺乏,不足

similar to …. 类似于Short of ….. 缺乏

subject to …….易受,受….支配Worthy of …. 值得Relative to …. 与…有关3,副词转换为动词

英语中有些作表语的副词或复合宾语中的副词,往往可译为汉语中的动词。

The test was not over yet.

实验还没结束。

An exhibition of new products is on there.

那正在举办新产品展览会。

The experiment in chemistry was ten minutes behind.

这个化学实验延误了10分钟。

The electric current flows through the circuit with the switch on.

如果开关接通,电流就流过线路。

He took the machine apart yesterday.

他昨天把机器拆开了。

4,介词转换成动词

英语中的介词或介词短语在许多情况下可以译成汉语的动词,尤其当他们用作表语或状语时。

The volume of a gas becomes smaller when the pressure upon it is increased.

当作用在气体上的压力增大时,气体的体积就缩小。

No body at rest can be set in motion whthout a force being acted upon it.

没有力的作用,静止的物体不可能开始运动。

Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS.

许多实验室正在研制治疗艾滋病的药物。

二,转换成汉语名词

1,动词转换成名词

Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter.

气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的可压缩性。

The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations.

电子计算机的主要特点是计算准确而快速。

Mercury weighs about thirteen times as much as water.