初中英语定语从句专题复习(完整版).ppt
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定语从句(9张PPT)初中英语专项复习
This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 这正是我想要买的那本词典。
注意：当先行词指人时，也可以用who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school that/who will attend
the meeting. 王华是我校将出席此会议的仅有的一人。 (5)当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Mr. Lin is just the man (whom) I want to see. 林老师正是我想见的人。 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替， 也可以省略。 如：
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。
There is little that I can do for you. 我几乎不能为你做任何事。 注意：当先行词指人时，也可以用who。 如：
Any man that/who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing. 但凡有点责任感的人都不会做这种事。
THANK YOU
(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一站是大本钟。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。 (4)当形容词被the very, the only, the same, the last 等修饰时。如：
注意：当先行词指人时，也可以用who。如：
Wang Hua is the only person in our school that/who will attend
the meeting. 王华是我校将出席此会议的仅有的一人。 (5)当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：
Mr. Lin is just the man (whom) I want to see. 林老师正是我想见的人。 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替， 也可以省略。 如：
The man (who/whom) you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。
There is little that I can do for you. 我几乎不能为你做任何事。 注意：当先行词指人时，也可以用who。 如：
Any man that/who has a sense of duty won't do such a thing. 但凡有点责任感的人都不会做这种事。
THANK YOU
(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben. 他们在伦敦参观的第一站是大本钟。 (3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。 (4)当形容词被the very, the only, the same, the last 等修饰时。如：
定语从句(18张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
I have read all the books (that) you gave me. There is nothing (that) I can do.
(2)先行词被特定缠，that抢先把位占。 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right 等修饰时，关系代词用that 而不用which The white flower is the only one ( that) I really like.
What is the attributive clause? (什么是定语从句）
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词，在句子中起定 语作用的从句。
Huitailang is a wolf who is very bad..
先行词 关系词 定语从句 先行词: 被修饰的名词或代词 关系词：1.连接从句；2.替代先行词；
THANK YOU
The girl is Gu Ailing. 分解
The girl’s hair is yellow. whose在定语从句中作定语
关系代词 who whom which that whose
可指代
人 人 物 人、物 人、物
从句中的成分
主语、宾语 宾语
主语、宾语 主语、宾语
定语Βιβλιοθήκη that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下 列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。 (1) 先行词为不定代词all，much，little，something， everything，nothing，none等,that来把which踹。
The lady whom my teacher talked with is my mother.
(2)先行词被特定缠，that抢先把位占。 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right 等修饰时，关系代词用that 而不用which The white flower is the only one ( that) I really like.
What is the attributive clause? (什么是定语从句）
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词，在句子中起定 语作用的从句。
Huitailang is a wolf who is very bad..
先行词 关系词 定语从句 先行词: 被修饰的名词或代词 关系词：1.连接从句；2.替代先行词；
THANK YOU
The girl is Gu Ailing. 分解
The girl’s hair is yellow. whose在定语从句中作定语
关系代词 who whom which that whose
可指代
人 人 物 人、物 人、物
从句中的成分
主语、宾语 宾语
主语、宾语 主语、宾语
定语Βιβλιοθήκη that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下 列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。 (1) 先行词为不定代词all，much，little，something， everything，nothing，none等,that来把which踹。
The lady whom my teacher talked with is my mother.
定语从句(28张PPT)初中英语专项复习
“……的”。
注意：（1）关系代词作宾语时常可省略。如： ①Is there anything （that） I can do for you？ 我能 为您效劳吗？ ②Who is the boy （that） you talked with just now ？ 刚才同你谈话的那个男孩是谁？ ③The woman （whom/who） you saw just now is my teacher. 你刚才看到的那个女人是我的老师。
（ A ） 3. I still remember the college and the teachers
________I visited in London years ago.
A. that
B. who
C. which
D. when
（ B ） 4. This is the most educational movie
A. that B. who C. whose D. whom
（ A ） 8. The person with_______my father is talking is a novelist.
A. whom B. who C. that D. /
（ C ） 9. —Which is your new neighbor， Li Hua？ —The man _______ T-shirt is red.
came did not say his name.
A. which
B. who
C. whom
D. that
（ D ） 2. Being blind is something ________ most
people can’t imagine.
定语从句(17张PPT)初中英语专项复习
I met a woman who can speak 6 languages.
Jay Chou is a singer who is very popular.
Jack was wearing a hat which was very big for him.
人用 who 物用 which That 人、物都可以 ?
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定语从句
为什么 定语从句 叫
定语从句
The pig eats an apple. The black pig eats an apple. The cute black pig eats an apple. The cute black pig eats a red apple.
Xiao Hong is a pretty girl
who
looks younger than her age.
Xiao Hong is a pretty girl who looks younger than her age.
I met a woman. She can speak 6 languages. I met a woman who can speak 6 languages.
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
The woman is a doctor. She lives next door.
The woman- she lives next door- is a doctor.
The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
人教版英语九年级全册定语从句课件 (共21张PPT).ppt
形容词作定语
形容词性物主代词 作定语
介词短语作定语
01 什么是定语
定语：对名词或代词起修饰限定作用的词或短语
形容词作定语
形容词性物主代词 作定语
介词短语作定语
前置 定语
后置 定语
o2
什么是定语从句
02 什么是定语从句
This is a dog which likes eating meat.
这是一只喜欢吃肉的狗。
2. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
place that they visited in London was Big Ben.
3. 先行词被all,every,no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
I've read all the books that are not mine. 我已经读了所有那些不属于我的书。
exploration (勘探)
A. where
B. which C.who
3.-What can we do for the left-home children B need help?
- We could help them with their study online on weekends.
定语从句
ATTRIBUTIVE CLAUSE
01.什么是定语
目录 02.什么是定语从句
Contents 03.定语从句的分类 04.限制性定语从句 05.练习
o1
什么是定语
01 什么是定语 句子就像是一棵大树，主语、谓语、宾语（表语）是主干，定语、 状语、补语是修饰语。
一个漂亮的女孩 一个聪明的男孩 红色的苹果
中考英语复习：定语从句(初中阶段) (共16张PPT)
2. Is this ____ your computer? 3. The man beside the door is my father. ____________
定语从句
大家知道定语从句在哪吗？ 1. I like the gift that my mother bought for me. ______________________ 2. She likes musicians ________________________ that can write their own songs. 3.She is a _______ beautiful girl. 4.I don't know the boy ___________ under the tree.
which happened 3.He doesn’t want to talk about the ______ accident ______ last year.
which are not allowed in the school. 4.Never break the rules ____ ______ who is dancing is very famous. 5.The basketball______ player ______
√ 放在动词后 宾语从句特点：
5.Can you lend me the book that you bought yesterday?
———————————
注意：what不能引导定语从句
(二)用who或which填空
which is chasing a mouse? 1.Have you ever seen the___ cat _______ who likes wearing red dress. 2.Do you like the teacher _____ ______
定语从句
大家知道定语从句在哪吗？ 1. I like the gift that my mother bought for me. ______________________ 2. She likes musicians ________________________ that can write their own songs. 3.She is a _______ beautiful girl. 4.I don't know the boy ___________ under the tree.
which happened 3.He doesn’t want to talk about the ______ accident ______ last year.
which are not allowed in the school. 4.Never break the rules ____ ______ who is dancing is very famous. 5.The basketball______ player ______
√ 放在动词后 宾语从句特点：
5.Can you lend me the book that you bought yesterday?
———————————
注意：what不能引导定语从句
(二)用who或which填空
which is chasing a mouse? 1.Have you ever seen the___ cat _______ who likes wearing red dress. 2.Do you like the teacher _____ ______
定语从句(13张PPT)初中英语专项复习
只用which不用that引导的情况
学以致用
1.—At present young people prefer WeChat to keep in touch with their
friends.
A —Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication ________ is popular
感谢观看
—Yes, and I ________ the climbers. A．that; took pride in B．which; take proud in C．that; am proud of D．that; was proud of
考点演练
A 1.The girl__________ is reading under the tree is my sister.
farmers. A．that B．when C．which D．where
A 3.I love the village ________ people are really friendly. A．where B．which C．who D．that
A 4.The house ______ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
A．which give B．that gives
C．who gives D．what give
A 4.I would like to choose the room ______ faces the beautiful sea.
A．which B．who
C．what D．whom
只用that不用which引导的情况
C 2.I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.
初中英语定语从句复习 (共29张PPT)
(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very who famous in the world. whom that
(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it. The dress that she is wearing is new. which Ø
The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
The man (who) everyone likes is kind.
(宾语)
The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.
The woman (whom) we saw on the street got the job.
The boy is Tom.
The boy who is tall is Tom.
The boy who is strong is Tom
The boy who is clever is Tom
The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.
The boy who is smiling is Tom.
The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk.
关系代词
1.who 指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略） The man( who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief.
初中英语定语从句课件(23张)
Is there anything (that) you don't understand？ 5.当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时; Which is the bike that you lost?
1) I prefer shoes that cool. 2) I like a pizza that really delicious. 3) I love singers who beautiful. 4) I have a friend who sports.
who/that
who/that/whom
that/which
who/that/whom
主语
宾语
宾语
宾语
who, that指人的用法区别.
只能用who，不能用that:
√当one, ones, anybody, anyone, those 等作先行词时〔 指人〕一般用who，不用that.
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
who, that指人的用法区别.
只能用that ，不能用who:
√当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时
Who is the woman that you talked with just now?
which和that指物的区别：
只能用which,不能用that
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
√介词后面只能用which
1) 先行词既有人又有物时;
√ 只用that不用which
1) I prefer shoes that cool. 2) I like a pizza that really delicious. 3) I love singers who beautiful. 4) I have a friend who sports.
who/that
who/that/whom
that/which
who/that/whom
主语
宾语
宾语
宾语
who, that指人的用法区别.
只能用who，不能用that:
√当one, ones, anybody, anyone, those 等作先行词时〔 指人〕一般用who，不用that.
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
who, that指人的用法区别.
只能用that ，不能用who:
√当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时
Who is the woman that you talked with just now?
which和that指物的区别：
只能用which,不能用that
The school in which he once studied is very famous.
√介词后面只能用which
1) 先行词既有人又有物时;
√ 只用that不用which
定语从句(37张PPT)初中英语专项复习课件
（that 指人，在从句中作主语，稿不定能P省PT略）
稿定PPT，海量素材持续更
② This is all (that) I can tell you. 新（，th上a千t 指款模物板，选在择总从有句一中作宾语，常省略）
款适合你
③ She is the only person(that) I can trust.（that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）
② It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy. 稿定PPT
(作宾稿语定，PPT可，以海量省素略材)持续更
新，上千款模板选择总有一
③ He cam款e适la合te你, which we all know.
(作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略)
先行词是物，只能用that的情况：
3.当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时： This is the first gift that I bought for my mom. This is the most interesting book that I have read.
4.当先行词被the only , the very , the same ,the last 修饰时： He is the only person that passed the exam in his class.
知识点2：关系代词that /which/who /whom/whose的用法
who和 whom指人, who在定语从句中作主语; whom在定语从句中作宾语, 在限制
性定语从句中不可省略。
The boy who is playing football is my classmate.
稿定PPT，海量素材持续更
② This is all (that) I can tell you. 新（，th上a千t 指款模物板，选在择总从有句一中作宾语，常省略）
款适合你
③ She is the only person(that) I can trust.（that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）
② It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy. 稿定PPT
(作宾稿语定，PPT可，以海量省素略材)持续更
新，上千款模板选择总有一
③ He cam款e适la合te你, which we all know.
(作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略)
先行词是物，只能用that的情况：
3.当先行词被序数词、最高级修饰时： This is the first gift that I bought for my mom. This is the most interesting book that I have read.
4.当先行词被the only , the very , the same ,the last 修饰时： He is the only person that passed the exam in his class.
知识点2：关系代词that /which/who /whom/whose的用法
who和 whom指人, who在定语从句中作主语; whom在定语从句中作宾语, 在限制
性定语从句中不可省略。
The boy who is playing football is my classmate.
初中英语定语从句专题复习-PPT
1> 当关系代词之后有插入语时
He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science. 2>在谚语中常采用that which的用法
That which is evil is soon learned. 3> 先行词是指物的that或those时
2. 限定作用但前必须有介词
He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home.
His son insisted on joining the army, in which case he had to give in.
13
In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30, by which time many people have got home.
1. This is the gentleman who helped me out of the trouble.
2. The building which stands near the river is our school. 3. Do you know the boy whose bicycle was broken just now?
That & which 下列情况中只能使用 that 1> 先行词是everything,anything等不定代 词或是all, much,few, little以及被其修饰
Everything that can be done has been done.
初中定语从句完整版PPT精品课件
初中定语从句完整版（共32张PPT）
初中定语从句完整版（共32张PPT）
Choose the right answer：
1.The letter _D____I received from him yesterday is very important. A.who B. where C.what D. that
1.先行词为all，everything，nothing ，something，anything，little，much等不定代词
I’ve read all the books that are not mine. You can take any seat that is free.
2.先行词被all，every，no ，some，any，little，much 等修饰时
4.The coat _D____he is wearing today was bought by his aunt. A.what B. where C.who D./
初中定语从句完整版（共32张PPT）
初中定语从句完整版（共32张PPT）
Choose the right answer：
2.Is there anything else __________you require?
3.This is the question_A____we are talking about now. A.that B. who C.where D.when
4.I like the teacher__D____classes are very interesting and creative. A.which B.who C.what D.whose
先行词
关系词
初中定语从句完整版（共32张PPT）
Choose the right answer：
1.The letter _D____I received from him yesterday is very important. A.who B. where C.what D. that
1.先行词为all，everything，nothing ，something，anything，little，much等不定代词
I’ve read all the books that are not mine. You can take any seat that is free.
2.先行词被all，every，no ，some，any，little，much 等修饰时
4.The coat _D____he is wearing today was bought by his aunt. A.what B. where C.who D./
初中定语从句完整版（共32张PPT）
初中定语从句完整版（共32张PPT）
Choose the right answer：
2.Is there anything else __________you require?
3.This is the question_A____we are talking about now. A.that B. who C.where D.when
4.I like the teacher__D____classes are very interesting and creative. A.which B.who C.what D.whose
先行词
关系词
中考英语定语从句专项讲解(共18张PPT)
先行词 决 3>.关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时后面的谓语动词形式由__________ 定。
2.中考重点句型的总结：（课后听写） 我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐 1>.I like music that I can dance to._____________________ 我喜欢有好歌词的音乐。 2>.I like the music which has great lyrics._________________。 3>.I like the singer who plays the guitar well. 我喜欢吉他弹得好的歌手 ___________________。
学习目标：
1.认识简单的定语从句。 2.掌握关系代词 (who,which,that) 的基本用法：
3.掌握从句没有主语时谓语动词的变化形式。
一.知识展现：读句子，找出以下句子的引导词
先行词
关系代词
1.I like the singer who can play the guitar.
名词
定语从句
先行词 决 3>.关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时后面的谓语动词形式由__________ 定。
2.中考重点句型的总结：（课后听写） 我喜欢我能跟着跳舞的音乐 1>.I like music that I can dance to._____________________ 我喜欢有好歌词的音乐。 2>.I like the music which has great lyrics._________________。 3>.I like the singer who plays the guitar well. 我喜欢吉他弹得好的歌手 ___________________。
定语从句(20张PPT)初中英语专项复习(2)
Mr. Smith and his wife , who are downstairs, are asking to see you.
考点抢测
which who
whose which
which which
who
考点抢测
( ) 1 Do you know the teacher ___ is talking with your father? A. whose B. who C. which
__T_h_i_s _is_t_h_e_c_a_r _w_h_ic_h_t_h_e_m_e_c_h_a_n_ic_i_s_re_p_a_i_ri_n_g._
2.He is the man. He came here last week. （将两句话合成一句话）
He is the man who came here last week.
关系代词的用法
（三）which的用法
1.用于先行词是物的时候 2.在定语从句中作主语，宾语，偶尔作定语
The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. The dog which is carrying a basket is my dog. They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drank a lot.
Can you tell me the reason why the car broken down. Can you tell me the reason for which the car broken down.
定语从句的注意事项
（一）介ch, whom, whose
考点抢测
which who
whose which
which which
who
考点抢测
( ) 1 Do you know the teacher ___ is talking with your father? A. whose B. who C. which
__T_h_i_s _is_t_h_e_c_a_r _w_h_ic_h_t_h_e_m_e_c_h_a_n_ic_i_s_re_p_a_i_ri_n_g._
2.He is the man. He came here last week. （将两句话合成一句话）
He is the man who came here last week.
关系代词的用法
（三）which的用法
1.用于先行词是物的时候 2.在定语从句中作主语，宾语，偶尔作定语
The train which has just left is for Shenzhen. The dog which is carrying a basket is my dog. They stayed with me for three weeks during which time they drank a lot.
Can you tell me the reason why the car broken down. Can you tell me the reason for which the car broken down.
定语从句的注意事项
（一）介ch, whom, whose
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2. 限定作用但前必须有介词
He lost his temper, t which point I decided to go home.
His son insisted on joining the army, in
which case he had to give in.
.,
12
In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30, by which time many people have got home.
2> 用在there be 结构中 先行词做表语
There is a young man who wants to see you.
.,
5
3> 为避免重复或引起歧义
The man that spoke at the meeting is our headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.
.,
7
2> 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the very及序数词修饰
This is the only food that I can find for you. His composition was the second one that was handed in.
4> 先行词是 I, you, he , they等
He who plays with fire gets burned.
5> 先行词是指成员的集合名词
The family, who lives upstairs, are fond of music.
.,
6
7> 用在非限制性定语从句中指人
LiuXiang, who quited in Beijing Olympics, is still regarded as a hero in china.
That & which 下列情况中只能使用 that 1> 先行词是everything,anything等不定代 词或是all, much,few, little以及被其修饰
Everything that can be done has been done.
There are few books we can read.
3. Is she the girl ______ sells newspapers?
.,
4
Who& that
下列情况中只能使用who
1> 当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those
Anyone who does that must be mad.
Those who dare to break the law will be punished.
5> 先行词在从句中做表语
China is not the country that it used to be
6> 先行词为数词时
He brought two cats yesterday. Now I can see the two that are pl.a, ying in the garden. 9
3> 先行词被形容词或副词的最高级修饰时
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
.,
8
4> 先行词人物共存时 They talked for half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
7> 为避免重复 He build up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8> 先行词为 what时 What that is on the table belongs to me.
.,
10
通常使用whch的情况
He has found that which he has been
looking for.
.,
11
**which的特殊用法**
1. 指代整个主句或主句的部分 John said he’d been working in the office for an hour , which was true.
1. This is the gentleman who helped me out of the trouble.
2. The building which stands near the river is our school.
3. Do you know the boy whose bicycle was broken just now?
1> 当关系代词之后有插入语时
He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science. 2>在谚语中常采用that which的用法
That which is evil is soon learned. 3> 先行词是指物的that或those时
指代对象 人
事物
人物共 存
主格
Who/ that That/
that
which
宾格
Who(m)/th That/whic that
at
h
所有
whose ., Whose/of
3
1. The boy _______ we saw yesterday was John’s brother.
2. Do you know the name of the hotel ________ windows we can see here?
4. The farm (that)we visited last Sunday was located in the suburbs of Beijing.
.,
1
.,
2
定语从句：修饰名词或代词对其启到限定作用 的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行 词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词以及关系副 词（when/ where/ why)
He lost his temper, t which point I decided to go home.
His son insisted on joining the army, in
which case he had to give in.
.,
12
In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30, by which time many people have got home.
2> 用在there be 结构中 先行词做表语
There is a young man who wants to see you.
.,
5
3> 为避免重复或引起歧义
The man that spoke at the meeting is our headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.
.,
7
2> 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the very及序数词修饰
This is the only food that I can find for you. His composition was the second one that was handed in.
4> 先行词是 I, you, he , they等
He who plays with fire gets burned.
5> 先行词是指成员的集合名词
The family, who lives upstairs, are fond of music.
.,
6
7> 用在非限制性定语从句中指人
LiuXiang, who quited in Beijing Olympics, is still regarded as a hero in china.
That & which 下列情况中只能使用 that 1> 先行词是everything,anything等不定代 词或是all, much,few, little以及被其修饰
Everything that can be done has been done.
There are few books we can read.
3. Is she the girl ______ sells newspapers?
.,
4
Who& that
下列情况中只能使用who
1> 当先行词是one,ones,anyone或those
Anyone who does that must be mad.
Those who dare to break the law will be punished.
5> 先行词在从句中做表语
China is not the country that it used to be
6> 先行词为数词时
He brought two cats yesterday. Now I can see the two that are pl.a, ying in the garden. 9
3> 先行词被形容词或副词的最高级修饰时
This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
.,
8
4> 先行词人物共存时 They talked for half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
7> 为避免重复 He build up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
8> 先行词为 what时 What that is on the table belongs to me.
.,
10
通常使用whch的情况
He has found that which he has been
looking for.
.,
11
**which的特殊用法**
1. 指代整个主句或主句的部分 John said he’d been working in the office for an hour , which was true.
1. This is the gentleman who helped me out of the trouble.
2. The building which stands near the river is our school.
3. Do you know the boy whose bicycle was broken just now?
1> 当关系代词之后有插入语时
He made another wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science. 2>在谚语中常采用that which的用法
That which is evil is soon learned. 3> 先行词是指物的that或those时
指代对象 人
事物
人物共 存
主格
Who/ that That/
that
which
宾格
Who(m)/th That/whic that
at
h
所有
whose ., Whose/of
3
1. The boy _______ we saw yesterday was John’s brother.
2. Do you know the name of the hotel ________ windows we can see here?
4. The farm (that)we visited last Sunday was located in the suburbs of Beijing.
.,
1
.,
2
定语从句：修饰名词或代词对其启到限定作用 的句子。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行 词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词以及关系副 词（when/ where/ why)