完整英文摘要
标准英文摘要模板
1.Today, the fifth of young people in the United States have showed mental health problems, as well as abuse of drugs, which can bring about a serious of consequences if timely treatment is paid no attention. this paper mainly illustrates the key role that parents play in helping to find and solve the two problems. Many effective treatments and supporting services can be applied by parents to deal with mental disorders and drug addiction. it is the parents that assume the responsibility in taking care of the children. Only by this way can the future of the young people become much better.2.Today, the ecological tourism is developing rapidly, causing a current hot topic among tourism industry. This paper mainly indicates the sustainable development of ecological tourism through a serious of demonstration. In the first place, the exact concept and connotation of ecological tourism is presented. In addition, some main problems we confronted with have been fully discussed. Consequently, several suggestions for sustainable ecological tourism have been put forward as follows. Besides strength the consciousness of ecological tourism, we should also take some measures to uphold rational exploitation and regulations. Only by this way can we well persist in the sustainable development of ecological tourism, could the harmony between man and nature be a reality.3.As we all know,talent plays a significant role in intelligence. This talent only offer a possibility, which is not a necessary aspect. This kind of possibility can not transform into reality without acquiring well environment and education. This paper mainly discusses the major point of various of environmental stimulation, which have an effect on early intelligence development of children. Moreover, this thesis indicates that family environment with harmonious, well-organized, abundant as well as warm atmosphere should be created, it is the most effective way to a better intelligence exploitation. A person with high intelligence quotient can also fall into poor knowledge considering the absence of adequate education. It is also possible for a common people turns into a scholar through hard working.4.Our social morality seems to have great progress, oddly enough, the personal morality -- the personal honor, integrity and honesty as the supreme idea - seems to be declining. This paper mainly analyzes the modern society personal moral destruction reasons, and attempts to find the answers from three aspects of honesty, integrity and personal honor. And the author thinks that with the social moral rapid development today, the individual moral development also should get more attention and development.This review discusses that sociology should undertake the part obligations for the Weird phenomenon, and at the same time, what the social morality and social conscience leave out is the narrow and very important concept of honor and what the contemporary people desire most isa sense of security.In conclusion, we state that As long as one person refuses to go with the stream, as long as a people will insist on your heart in the right, keep the virtue which his compatriots seem to give up, what he'd kept at least is perhaps the most valuable things in the human nature.5.Economic globalization phenomenon is a world development trend which is very rapid and conspicuous in the last 30 years of twenty century . Under the trend of globalization in economy, politics, culture, science and technology, also including education are all affected in different degrees. It and local change, localization, nation and state of development, not only have to promote each other's side, but also have a very prominent contradiction. The main purpose of this paper is about the higher education would be profoundly influenced by the economic globalization .The development of higher education itself is also be strongly influenced by theeconomic globalization. Economic globalization brings the globalization of talent competition, especially the talent all enter into the rich countries. In order to deal with this kind of situation, developing countries must speed up the pace about the popularization of higher education. Under the influence of economic globalization, and with the rapid development of network education, remote education based on modern information technology, make higher education of each country to strengthen the communication and contact and cooperation. The influence of the economic globalization to the higher education also reflects on the quality of talent training, knowledge structure and teaching ability in methods. We can't take education simple as the economic globalization competition tool, but must see the history and moral responsibility which education to future human social good development prospects should undertake.。
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。
本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。
AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。
英文摘要英文版
一、Global Consequences of Land UseLand use has generally been considered a local environmental issue, but it is becoming a force of global importance. Worldwide changes to forests, farmlands, waterways, and air are being driven by the need to provide food, fiber, water, and shelter to more than six billion people. Global croplands, pastures, plantations, and urban areas have expanded in recent decades, accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity. Such changes in land use have enabled humans to appropriate an increasing share of the planet's resources, but they also potentially undermine the capacity of ecosystems to sustain food production, maintain freshwater and forest resources, regulate climate and air quality, and ameliorate infectious diseases. We face the challenge of managing trade-offs between immediate human needs and maintaining the capacity of the biosphere to provide goods and services in the long term.三、A REVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHESON LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGELand use and land cover change has aroused increasing attention of scientists worldwide since1990.Recognizing the importance of this change to other global environmental change and sustainable development issues, the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programmed IGBP)and the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental ChangeProgramme （HDP)initiated a joint core project Land Use and Land Cover Change(LUCC)and published a Science/Research Plan for the project. To promote the national LUCC projects, the paper presents a general review on the basic concepts, background, and Progress on the methodologies of international LUCC researches. Land use/land cover is not a new research domain but is given new meanings and research contents in the context of global environmental change. Based on the definition of land cover given by the IGBP/HDP and other international institutions, the author proposes a new translated term of land cover in Chinese that matches the definition closely. This will avoid misunderstanding of the domestic LUCC projects at early stages. Land cover changes refer to conversion and modification of vegetation, changes on biodiversity, soil quality, runoff, erosion, sedimentation and land productivity .International researches on LUCC involve:1)influence of LUCC on systematic global environmental changes like biogeochemical circles and climatic variation ,and cumulative global environmental changes like deforestation ,biodiversity reduction and land degradation;2)response of LUCC to global environmental changes;3)LUCC and sustainable development including the sustainability of different land uses .The fundamental scientific issue of LUCC research is the dynamics of land use and cover changes ,which is extremely significant to the prediction of the global environmentalchange in the next 50 to 100 years .The modeling of causes-use-cover system is challenge because of its inherent complexity .An integrated approach to the modeling is necessary that combines:1)large-scale onsite case study approach to land use dynamics;2)direct observation and measurement of land cover change by using remote sensing images ;and3)regional and global modeling of economic processes related to LUCC.四、The causes of land-use and land-cover change: movingbeyond the mythsCommon understanding of the causes of land-use and land-cover change is dominated by simplifications which, in turn, underlie many environment-development policies. This article tracks some of the major myths on driving forces of land-cover change and proposes alternative pathways of change that are better supported by case study evidence. Cases reviewed support the conclusion that neither population nor poverty alone constitute the sole and major underlying causes of land-cover change worldwide. Rather, peoples’ responses to economic opportunities, as mediated by institutional factors, drive land-cover changes. Opportunities and constraints for new land uses are created by local as well as national markets and policies. Global forces become the main determinants of land-use change, as they amplify or attenuate local factors.五、Land use and land cover in global environmental change:Considerations for studyGlobal land-use change has been dealt with principally by the social sciences & land-cover change by the natural sciences. Their point of intersection is identified as that of the proximate sources of change: ie, those human activities that directly alter the physical environment. A key area for research for social science is that of the underlying human forces of change that drive the behavior captured in the proximate sources. Five classes of candidate-driving forces are identified in the literature: population growth, technological change, economic development, socioeconomic organization, & beliefs/attitudes. A review of initial studies suggests that the importance of all of these forces varies greatly by context. It is argued that empirical investigation of the human driving forces will be best undertaken not at the global level, but through examination of regional situations identified by similar environmental & socioeconomic characteristics. 3 Figures, 2 Photographs. Modified AA六、A study on land use/cover change: the need for a newintegrated approachLand cover changes are not simple processes. There are complex simultaneous patterns of land-cover change, ranging from modifications in land cover to conversions and maintenance. There is a functional complexity within types of land-cover change, and a structuralcomplexity between types of land-cover change, both in terms of spatial arrangements and temporal patterns of change. Land-cover change needs to be measured in its complexity to fully understand it. It is important to differentiate between land cover and land use when measuring patterns of changes. Land-use/land-cover change is a kind of extremely complex phenomenon. For all researchers involving in the study to avoid the unilateralism like blind-person touching elephant, they should search a new synthesis of studies. Therefore, the traditional approach of land use study is not effective and new topics are needed to be further found. A generalized and comprehensive understanding is required for the drivers of land-use change. We need a network of case studies that represents the spatial heterogeneity of the region and a multi-level approach that allows for a linkage between regional and local scale land-cover dynamics. Case study comparison is a major tool to derive generalizations of land-use/land-cover change research. We should develop new methods in mathematical modeling, descriptive models, empirical study, systematic case study and mechanism study. Linking house-hold-level information to remote sensing data is becoming a major tool to increase our understanding of land-use dynamics. The drivers of LUCC are always present but interact differently according to the temporal and spatial dynamics of the situation. A thorough understanding and modeling of these complex interactions is a prerequisite to generate realisticprojections of land-cover change. The more important hypotheses for LUCC are those that frame the integration and synthesis of the scienc e.七、Modeling the environmental impacts of urban land use andland cover change—a study in Merseyside, UKThere is a lack of information on the environmental effects of urban change and the dynamics of green space. Such information is essential for a better understanding of the sustainability of urban development processes, both planned and unplanned. We therefore investigated the changes in land use and land cover of 11 residential areas in Merseyside, UK, using aerial photographs taken in 1975 and 2000. We then modeled how these changes would alter three important environmental parameters: surface temperature, runoff of rainfall, and green space diversity. These changes were then related to the socio-economic status of the areas, as measured by an index of multiple deprivation. The comparisons revealed a loss of green space in all 11 case study sites Overall, the more affluent, low density areas lost more green space, especially of tree cover. A major cause was infill development whereby gardens were built over. However, green space was also lost in already densely built-up, deprived areas due to the reuse of derelict land. As a consequence, the models used in this study predicted negativeWe highlight the complexity of land-use/cover change and propose a framework for a more general understanding of the issue, with emphasis on tropical regions. The review summarizes recent estimates on changes in cropland, agricultural intensification, tropical deforestation, pasture expansion, and urbanization and identifies the still unmeasured land-cover changes. Climate-driven land-cover modifications interact with land-use changes. Land-use change is driven by synergetic factor combinations of resource scarcity leading to an increase in the pressure of production on resources, changing opportunities created by markets, outside policy intervention, loss of adaptive capacity, and changes in social organization and attitudes. The changes in ecosystem goods and services that result from land-use change feed back on the drivers of land-use change. A restricted set of dominant pathways of land-use change is identified. Land-use change can be understood using the concepts of complex adaptive systems and transitions. Integrated, place-based research on land-use/land-cover change requires a combination of the agent-based systems and narrative perspectives of understanding. We argue in this paper that a systematic analysis of local-scale land-use change studies, conducted over a range of timescales, helps to uncover general principles that provide an explanation and prediction of new land-use changes.Land-use changes and policy dimension driving forces in China:Present, trend and futureChina has extremely scarce land resources compared to the world average. There is an urgent need for studies of the current situation and the trends in land-use change and assessment of the performance of land policies in China. Assessment of land-use change has long been hindered by a lack of accurate and reliable data. This paper uses the data obtained from the national land surveys of 1996 and land-use change surveys from 1997 to 2008, to analyze changes in land use and the policy dimension driving forces related to the changes, especially cultivated land, forestry land, grassland, as well as developed land. The aim of this analysis will be to derive the physical, social and economical driving forces of those changes to grasp the trends in land-use change and the effects of land policies and to formulate strategies for the protection and sustainable use of agricultural land. The results indicate that, although theoverall change in land use was not large, cultivated land was significantly reduced and developed land rapidly increased. A great deal of high quality cultivated land was changed to developed land and low quality cultivated land generated from unused land, which has resulted in a serious threat to food supplies in China. Predictions using the methods of linear extrapolation and a BP neural network indicate that it is impossible to keep to a target of 0.12 billion hectares of cultivated land in the future under the mode of economic development used between 1996 and 2008. The results also indicate that the implementation of the laws and regulations about controlling the developed land and preserving cultivated land had significant effects on changes in land use, especially cultivated land and developed land. The results suggest that the changes in land use are closely related to economic fluctuation and the enaction and implementation of these land policies had a little time lag for cultivated land protection. There is a pressing need for China to use its limited land resources more efficiently and effectively by enacting or re-enforcing the laws and regulations on land resources protection and economic development, not only for its own growing population, but also the world. Therefore, we must formulate strategies for the protection and sustainable use of agricultural land。
英文文章摘要范文大全
英文文章摘要范文大全English:An English article abstract typically provides a concise summary ofthe main points of the article, aimed at giving readers a quick understanding of the content. It begins with a statement of the main topic or purpose of the article, often in the form of a thesis statement. Following this, the abstract summarizes the key points of the article, including the methodology used, major findings, and conclusions. The tone is usually objective and formal, avoiding unnecessary details or elaborations. Additionally, it may briefly mention the significance or implications of the findings. English article abstracts serve as a roadmap for readers, helping them decide whether the full article is relevant to their interests or research. They are often used in databases and search engines, allowing users to quickly assess the content of an article before deciding to read it in full.中文翻译：英文文章摘要通常提供了对文章主要观点的简明概要，旨在让读者快速了解内容。
毕业论文英文摘要(9篇)
毕业论文英文摘要（9篇）First and foremost, I would like to give my sinceregratitude to my distinguished andrespectable supervisor, Prof. Qi Yuanfang, for his all-along supports during not only theresearch process, but the whole post-graduate year. He is the one who gives me inspiration ofthe thesis topic, enlightens me empirical method helps me conduct teaching e某periment, andinstructs me analyzing approaches. I have to say that this thesis is born from his insightfulinstructions and warm encouragement.Secondly, I also own my appreciation to Prof, Gongrong who gives me a lot ofinspiration, insightful advice and instructions.Last but not least, I would like to e某tend my thanks to the students participating in thisresearch for their patient corporation.Secondly, I will also e某press my sincere gratitude toother professor and teacherswho had give me constructive suggestion to my thesis and thanks to them forinstructing me to construct my knowledge in English teaching in the past two and a halfyears.Thirdly, I want to thank all my affectionate classmates and friends. During the twoa half years' study and the writing ofthis thesis, they have given me a lot of support andencouragement in their own ways.At last, I will give the deepest gratitude to my family for their regretless supportand love to me.Thanks to my parents and girlfriend bear, giving unlimited love in life, especially the cubs, and when she did not cherish the love, her love, lost her life and perhaps even too late to regret, for there is no chance, when approaching graduation, deeply regret to say to you: "you love let me grow up and know how to love, and I let you scarred, and you have to flee, if there is any chance, if there is the afterlife, I will put you in the palm of care".Thank you for working life in the prevention center colleagues, Dr. Zhang Dehua, Dr. Liu Xiangning, Dr. Mao Jian, Zhao Honghao, Jia Suping, Li Haibao, Sun Pengpeng, Yang Xiaoyan, Huang Dandan, Wang Ruo某in, Yang Ni, Yu Junsong, because you have a wonderful and fulfilling life.论文题目：On the Title of EST and Aesthetic Effect in Its TranslationKey words: EST; title; translation; artistic effects论文题目：On Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese in Light of Functional EquivalenceIn our daily life, we live with different advertisements, some of which are translated works. These advertisements are aimed at giving the potential customers a lasting impression and persuading them to buy their product. Therefore, in order to e某press the ideas of the original works and realize the goalfor sale, the translators should take account of the cultural elements and social elements in order to achieve functional equivalence.Key words: functional equivalence; advertisement translation; cultural elementsFirst and foremost, I would like to e某press my heartfelt gratitude to mysupervisor, Professor Jia Aiwu. I have benefited tremendously from her criticalthinking and insightful viewpoint. Through his patient instruction,I finally focusedon the object studied in this thesis, and obtained valuable advice on aspects rangingfrom frame work constructing and data collection to elaborated analysis.Secondly, I'm profusely grateful to my respected predecessors and teachers.Moreover, I owe my thanks to my family and friends, who have always supportedme with their generous encouragements and praises.Last but not least, I sincerely thank my fellow classmates. We share joys andan某ieties, which propels us forward together throughout the arduous journey.During the three years of study, Wang Xu, Liu Qianjun, Tan Chengrong, Li Zongquan, Ho, Fan Juan, Kong Fangong, Wang Jian, Ma Minjiang, Wang Xiwen, Huang Youhe, Xu Lili, Mo Jialin, Guo Sanchuan, Li Jianwen, Zhong Zehui, Yang Qifeng, Liu Mengru, Yin Tanwei, Zhang Chun, Liu Ruiheng, Tu Qiliang, Hui, Zhuo Yu, Zhang Chengfeng, Xue Bing, Jiang Shoule Zhang Xiaochao, He Zhuoya, Liang Dongmei, Li Qiang, Liu Hao, Liu Chuanfu, Yu Dongmei, Lai Yurong, Chi Congcong, Cheng Xiaolian, Shi Haiqiang, Wang Shaoguang, and younger brother of care and help, to e某press deep gratitude. Without their help and support, there is no way to finish my Ph. D. Thesis. Friendship between students willlast forever.论文题目：On Cultural Gaps and Untranslatability in Chinese Version of The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe from Perspective of FunctionalismAbstract:This thesis is an attempt to apply functionalism to literary translation and prove its feasibility by analyzing the untranslatability of the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe causing by cultural gaps. Functionalism is a broad term for various theories that approach translation by focusing on the function or functions of te某ts and translations. And the four importantrepresentatives of functionalism are Katharina Reiss, Hans J. Vermeer, Justa Holz-Mnttri and Christiane Nord. This thesis attempts to apply the core rules of Skopostheorie –？to analyze the untranslatability of the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe which is caused by cultural gaps, in the hope of gaining a better understanding of literary translation from the perspective of functionalism.ABSTRACTKey words: Anna; Jane Eyre; female doctrine。
英文总结摘要范文
Introduction:In recent years, the rapid development of technology has had a profound impact on various aspects of our lives, including education. This summary aims to provide an overview of the ways in which technology has transformed the educational landscape, highlighting both the benefits and challenges it presents.Body:1. Online Learning Platforms:The advent of online learning platforms has revolutionized the way students acquire knowledge. These platforms offer a wide range of courses and resources, allowing students to learn at their own pace and from anywhere in the world. This flexibility has made education more accessible to individuals who may not have had the opportunity to attend traditional institutions.2. Interactive Learning Tools:Technology has introduced various interactive learning tools that enhance the educational experience. These tools, such as educational apps, simulations, and virtual reality, make learning more engaging and immersive. Students can visualize complex concepts and interact with virtual environments, leading to a deeper understanding of the subject matter.3. Collaboration and Communication:Technology has facilitated collaboration and communication among students and educators. Online discussion forums, video conferencing, and social media platforms enable students to connect with peers and share ideas, fostering a sense of community and encouraging teamwork. This has also opened up opportunities for international collaboration, allowing students to gain exposure to diverse perspectives.4. Personalized Learning:One of the most significant benefits of technology in education is its ability to cater to individual learning styles and needs. Adaptive learning platforms and intelligent tutoring systems can analyze astudent's performance and provide personalized recommendations, ensuring that each student receives the appropriate level of support and challenge.5. Accessibility:Technology has made education more accessible to individuals with disabilities. Screen readers, speech-to-text software, and otherassistive technologies enable students with visual, hearing, or mobility impairments to access and participate in the educational process. This has empowered individuals to pursue their educational goals andcontribute to society.6. Challenges:Despite the numerous benefits, technology in education also presents several challenges. The digital divide, which refers to the gap between individuals who have access to technology and those who do not, can create disparities in educational opportunities. Additionally, excessive reliance on technology may lead to reduced face-to-face interaction and a potential decrease in critical thinking skills.Conclusion:In conclusion, technology has had a significant impact on education, transforming the way students learn and interact with their surroundings. The benefits of online learning platforms, interactive tools, personalized learning, and increased accessibility cannot be overstated. However, challenges such as the digital divide and potential negative effects on critical thinking must be addressed to ensure that technology serves as a true enabler of education. As technology continues to evolve, it is crucial for educators, policymakers, and students to work together to harness its potential and overcome its limitations.。
论文的英文摘要范文
论文的英文摘要范文
1.Background(背景)∶介绍论文研究的背景，描述前者研究存在哪些问题，为自己进行这个研究是为了尝试解决前者存在的这些问题做好铺垫。
2.Method(方法)︰介绍研究中所使用了哪些研究方法，需要注意的是∶因为摘要字数有限，所以Method只是需要简单介绍一下即可，不要花太多篇幅介绍。
3.Results(结果)∶这部分直接写实验得到了什么结果，如果没有实验的就只需要阐述文章研究目的和结果。
4.Conclusion(结论)∶论文相对前者的研究有什么创新或独到见解都要阐述在这里。
Abstract其实就是对整篇英文论文浓缩之后的精华部分。
其目的就要让读者就算没有阅读全文，也能从Abstract中知道这篇论文的核心内容。
所以，摘要的写作一定要在论文的开始就把整篇论文的研究目的或要解决的问题呈现给读者。
说完了Abstract的主要写作内容之后，那么我们来看看好的摘要到底该怎么写:
这里EasyEssay告诉大家一个写摘要的'万能模板——PARI。
对于留学新生们来说特别适用，当大家在国外写英文论文多了之后就会有自己的写作方法，但是在不会写之前，可以先参考一下下面这个写作方法︰
PARI摘要写作方法∶
P=Problem:提出文章需要解决哪些问题
A=Approach:解决提出的问题是用的什么方法
R=Results:解决了提出的问题之后得到了什么结果l=lmpacts:这些结果有什么具体或者实际的影响。
2019年英文摘要的论文范文
英文摘要的论文范文有了英文摘要便方便了国际间的交流，取长补短，共同进步。
下面准备了几篇英文摘要的论文范文，欢迎欣赏!英文摘要的论文范文一Fortheviolationoflegitimaterightsandinterestsofconsumersava rietyofoffenses,howtoprovideforthecorrespondinglegalrespons ibilitiesandhowthelegalliabilitysystemreflectedthespecialpr otectionofconsumersshouldbe"ConsumerProtectionLaw"keysolved alegalissue.Tosolvethislegalproblem,itisnecessarytofurtherestablishareg ulatedmarketoperatingordertoprotectlegitimateinterestsofcon sumersandimprovingthelegalliabilitysystem.Ontheonehandistoestablishalegalsystemtheconceptofprotection ofconsumers;theotherhand,istoimproveconsumerprotectionlegalliabilitysys tem.对于侵犯消费者合法权益的各种违法行为，如何规定相应的法律责任以及在法律责任制度中如何体现对消费者的特别保护，应是《消费者权益保护法》重点解决好的一个法律问题。
要解决好这一法律性问题，就必须进一步建立起规范的市场经营秩序和完善保护消费者合法权益的法律责任制度。
一方面是建立消费者的法律体系保护观念;另一方面是完善消费者权益保护的法律责任制度。
英文摘要的论文范文二Titaniumore,electedfrommagiteorTitanmagite,iswidelyusedasth erawmaterialintheproductionoftitaniumdioxide.Titaniumqualit yanditsyieldconstraintsisoftenthebottleneckinthetitaniumind ustry.Thus,wecannotblindlyconsumealargeamountofcapitaltomaintaino rimproveitsqualityandyield.Thispapermakesanattempttoexplore sandoptimizethedevelopmentofthetitaniumindustry,throughinsi deandoutsideobservationandassociation.Inthispaper,flotation testsareconductedtoparetheoriginalpulptitaniumorewithPolyac rylamideandthatwithoutontheconcentrategradeyieldoftitaniumc oncentrates.Inthisprocess,theconsumptionofdrugs,therecoveryrateof,equip mentutilization,theamountandcostofpolyacrylamide(PAM)areall consideredtodeterminewhetheritisaptimizationprogramtoaddPol yacrylamidetotheoriginalflotationpulpoftitaniumore.Finally,wereachaconclusionthroughrelevantdata.Intheexperime ntalprocess,inprinciple,wedonotchangetheoriginalflotationprocessandtherelevantparam eters.Keywords:Titaniumore;Flotation;Polyacrylamide;quality;yield 英文摘要的论文范文三【ABSTRACT】Withthedeepeningoftheglobalization,newshasbeeanimportantpar tofinformationmunicationbetweendifferentcountries.WhetherEnglishnewstranslationisaccurateornotmaydirectlyaffe ctthequalityofourmunicationwithothercountries.InEnglishnews reportdiscourse,theuseofmetaphorexpressionsbeemoreandmore.DuetoEnglishnewsandotherstylisticdifferences,aswellastheEng lishandChineselanguages,ethnicdifferencesinideologyinthepro cessofcross-culturalmunication,makethetranslationofEnglishn ews,especiallyEnglishnewstranslationofmetaphorputforwardgreatch allengetotranslators.SohowtotranslatethemetaphorintheEnglis hnewsisthemutualconcernproblemfortranslationtheoristsandpra ctitionerstodiscuss,therefore,thispaperattemptstofromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequi valencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglishnews .TheapplicationofmetaphorinEnglishnewsmakeseventsmoredistinc tandvivid,andalsomakeiteasierforEnglishreaderstoprehendandu nderstandthenewscontents.However,duetothedifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,the useofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsincreasesthedifficultyoftranslat ion.ThisarticleattemptsfromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglish news,inordertomakeChinesereadersbetterunderstandthesameresponsea ndsenseofbeautyandmeaningofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsastheorigi nalreaders.metaphorRhetoricisnotsimpleoftranslationintoChineseinEnglis hnewsfromtheliteraltransformation,althoughsomerhetoricorare totallythesameinformandcontent,whilethisisjustafew.ThereareculturaldifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,inf luencedbydifferentcultures.People'swayofthinkingandexpressi onhavedifferencesinevitably.Whenthetranslatorshouldfirstlyc onsciouslypondertheintentionoftheauthor,digthedeepmeaninghiddenbehindthemetaphorrhetoricofbackgroun d.Underthefunctionalequivalencetheoryregardthetranslatorast heguidance,conformtothelanguagehabitsofthetargetlanguagerea ders,makeChinesereaderscanbetterunderstandthetranslationofm etaphorinEnglishnews.KEYWORD：Englishnews;metaphor;functionalequivalencetheory;translation【中文摘要】随着全球化的深入，新闻成为不同国家之间交流的重要部分。
英语20篇摘要复述范文
英语20篇摘要复述范文英文回答：1. Summary: The article discusses the importance of empathy in communication and provides practical tips for developing empathetic communication skills.2. Rephrase: Empathy allows us to understand and share the feelings of others, leading to more effective and meaningful communication. Cultivating empathy involves actively listening, reflecting on perspectives, and expressing genuine concern.3. Summary: The article explores the benefits of gratitude and suggests ways to incorporate it into daily life.4. Rephrase: Expressing gratitude can foster happiness, strengthen relationships, and improve overall well-being. One can practice gratitude by keeping a gratitude journal,writing thank-you notes, and actively acknowledging the positive aspects of their lives.5. Summary: The article emphasizes the power of storytelling as a communication tool and provides guidance on effective storytelling techniques.6. Rephrase: Crafting compelling narratives can engage audiences, convey ideas, and foster emotional connections. Effective storytelling involves tailoring the story to the audience, using vivid imagery, and incorporating personal experiences.7. Summary: The article discusses the challenges of effective listening and offers strategies for improving listening skills.8. Rephrase: Active listening requires focus, attention, and the ability to understand both verbal and nonverbal cues. To improve listening, one should practice undivided attention, ask clarifying questions, and provide feedbackto demonstrate understanding.9. Summary: The article explores the concept of emotional intelligence and its role in enhancing communication skills.10. Rephrase: Developing emotional intelligence involves recognizing and managing one's own emotions as well as understanding and responding to the emotions of others. This skill facilitates effective communication by creating a positive emotional environment for dialogue.11. Summary: The article highlights the significance of nonverbal communication in conveying messages and building rapport.12. Rephrase: Nonverbal cues, such as body language, facial expressions, and eye contact, can communicate emotions, attitudes, and intentions more effectively than words alone. Understanding and deciphering nonverbal cues helps build rapport, foster trust, and facilitate clear communication.13. Summary: The article discusses the impact ofcultural differences on communication and providesstrategies for effective cross-cultural communication.14. Rephrase: Cultural factors, including norms, values, and communication styles, can influence the way messagesare conveyed and interpreted. To navigate cross-cultural communication, one should be aware of cultural differences, respect diverse perspectives, and adapt communicationstyles accordingly.15. Summary: The article emphasizes the importance of clarifying communication goals before engaging in any conversation.16. Rephrase: Establishing clear communication goals ensures that both parties have a shared understanding ofthe purpose of the conversation and what they hope to achieve from it. This helps focus the discussion, avoid misunderstandings, and set realistic expectations.17. Summary: The article discusses the role of feedbackin effective communication and provides guidelines for giving and receiving constructive criticism.18. Rephrase: Feedback is essential for growth and improvement in communication skills. To give constructive criticism effectively, focus on specific behaviors, provide clear and actionable advice, and maintain a positive and supportive tone. When receiving feedback, be receptive, seek clarification, and strive to use it to enhance communication abilities.19. Summary: The article highlights the importance of adapting communication styles to different audiences and situations.20. Rephrase: Tailoring communication to the audience and context ensures that messages are conveyed in a manner that resonates with the receiver. This involves considering factors such as age, culture, background, and communication preferences. By adapting communication styles, individuals can enhance their ability to connect with others and achieve effective communication outcomes.中文回答：1. 摘要，本文探讨同理心在沟通中的重要性，并提供了培养同理心沟通技巧的实用建议。
英文文章摘要怎么写.doc
英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。
10篇英文文献摘要学习
ABSTRACT1:Parent-mediated social communication therapy for young children with autism (PACT): long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.01、针对自闭症幼儿的父母介导的社区沟通疗法（PACT）：随机对照试验的长期随访杂志（ THE LANCET ）发表年份（2016）期刊影响因子（53.254）Background: It is not known whether early intervention can improve long-term autism symptom outcomes. We aimed to follow-up the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT), to investigate whether the PACT intervention had a long-term effect on autism symptoms and continued effects on parent and child social interaction.Methods: PACT was a randomised controlled trial of a parent-mediated social communication intervention for children aged 2–4 years with core autism. Follow-up ascertainment was done at three specialised clinical services centres in the UK (London, Manchester, and Newcastle) at a median of 5.75 years (IQR 5.42 –5.92) from the original trial endpoint. The main blinded outcomes were the comparative severity score (CSS) from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) 自闭症诊断观察量表 , the Dyadic Communication Assessment Measure (DCMA) of the proportion of child initiatiations when interacting with the parent, and an expressive-receptive language composite. All analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle.Findings: 121 (80%) of the 152 trial participants (59 [77%] of 77 assigned to PACT intervention vs 62 [83%] of 75 assigned to treatment as usual) were traced and consented to be assessed between July, 2013, and September, 2014. Mean age at follow-up was 10.5 years (SD 0.8). Group difference in favour of 赞同 the PACT intervention based on ADOS CSS of log-odds effect size (ES) was 0.64 (95% CI 0 07 to 1 20)· at treatment endpoint and ES 0.70 (95% CI -0 .05 to 1.47) at follow-up, giving an overall reduction in symptom severity over the course of the whole trial and follow-up period (ES 0.55, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.91, p=0.004). Group difference in DCMA child initiations at follow-up showed a Cohen's d ES of 0.29 (95% CI -0.02 to 0.57) and was significant over the course of t he study (ES 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.57,p=0.004). There were no group differences in the language composite at follow-up (ES0.15, 95% CI -0 .23 to 0.53).Interpretation: The results are the first to show long-term symptom reduction after a randomised controlled trial of early intervention in autism spectrum disorder. They support the clinical value of the PACT intervention and have implications for developmental theory.02：Burden, risk factors, and comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems inKenyan children: a population-based study02、肯尼亚儿童的行为和情绪问题的负担、危险因素以及合并症：一项基于人群的研究杂志（ LANCET PSYCHIATRY ）发表年份（ 2017）期刊影响因子（ 15.233）背景： Three-quarters of the burden of mental health problems 精神卫生问题occurs in low-and-middle-income countries, but few epidemiological studies of these problems in preschool children from sub-Saharan Africa撒哈拉以南have been published. Behavioural and emotional problems often start in early childhood, and this might be particularly important in Africa, where the incidence of perinatal围产期and early risk factors is high. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of behavioural and emotionalproblems in young children in a rural area on the Kenyan coast.方法： We did a population-based epidemiological study to assess the burden of behavioural and emotional problems in preschool children and comorbidities in the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System 基利菲健康和人口监测系统(KHDSS,a database formed of the population under routine surveillance linked to admissions to Kilifi County Hospital).We used the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) 儿童行为调查表to assess behavioural and emotional problems. We then determined risk factors and medical comorbidities associated with behavioural and emotional problems. The strength of associations between the risk factors and the behavioural and emotional problems was estimated using generalised linear models, with appropriate distribution and link functions.结果： 3539 families were randomly selected from the KHDSS. Of these, 3273 children were assessed with CBCL. The prevalence of total behavioural and emotional problems was 13% (95% CI 12 –14), for externalising problems 外化问题 was 10% (9–11), and for internalising problems was 22% (21–24). The most common CBCL syndrome was somatic problems 躯体问题 (21%, 20–23), whereas the most common DSM-IV-oriented scale 基于精神疾病诊断准则手册（第四版）was anxiety problems (13%, 12–14). Factors associated with total problems included consumption of cassava (risk ratio 5·68, 95% CI 3·22–10·03), perinatal complications (4 34,·3 21·–5·81), seizure disorders (2 90,·2 24·–3·77), and house status(0 11,·0·08–0·14). Seizure disorders 癫痫, burn marks 烧伤, and respiratory problems 呼吸道疾病 were important comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems.理解：Behavioural and emotional problems are common in preschool children in this Kenyan rural area and are associated with preventable risk factors. Behavioural and emotional problems and associated comorbidities should be identified and addressed in young children.03： Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial03、孕妇补碘对儿童神经发育的影响：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验杂志（ Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology ）发表年份（ 2017）期刊影响因子（ 19.313）Background ： Iodine deficiency during pregnancy might be associated with reduced intelligence quotient (IQ) score in offspring. We assessed the effect of iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women 轻度碘缺乏孕妇 on neurodevelopment of their offspring in areas where schoolchildren were iodine sufficient .Methods： In this randomised, placebo-controlled trial, pregnant women in Bangalore 班加罗尔, India, and Bangkok 曼谷 , Thailand, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 200 μg iodine orally once a day or placebo until delivery. Randomisation was done with acomputer-generated sequence and stratified by site. Co-primary outcomes 主要结果were verbal and performance IQ scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 韦氏学前和小学儿童智力量表Third Edition (WPPSI-III)and the global executive composite score from the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) in the children at age 5–6 years. The trial was double-blinded; some unmasking 揭盲 took place at age 2 years for an interim analysis中间分析 , but participants and nearly all investigators remained masked to group assignment until age 5–6 years. Analysis was by intention to treat using mixed-effects models.Findings：Between Nov 18, 2008, and March 12, 2011, 832 women entered the trial at a meangestational age of 10.7 weeks (SD 2. 7); median urinary iodine concentration was 131μ g/L(IQR 81 –213). Mean compliance with supplementation was 87%, assessed by monthly tabletcounts. 313 children (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=154) were analysed for verbaland performance IQ with WPPSI-III and 315 (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=156)for overall executive function with BRIEF-P. Mean WPPSI-III scores for verbal IQ were 89.5(SD 9 ·8) in the iodine group and 90. 2 (9 · 8) in the placebo group (difference -0· 7, 95% CI- 2·9 to 1 5;·p=0 77),· and for performance IQ were 97.5 (12 5) in the iodine· group and 99.1(13 · 4) in the placebo group (difference -1· 6, -4 · 5 to 1· 3; p=0-P global·44). The mean BRIEF executive composite score was 90.6 (26 2) in the·iodine group and 91.5 (270) in the ·placebogroup (difference -0·9, -6· 8 to 5· 0; p=0 · 74). The frequency of adverse events did not differ between groups during gestation or at delivery: 24 women in the iodine group and 28 in theplacebo group reported adverse events (iodine group: abortion, n=20; blighted ovum, and n=2;intrauterine death, n=2; placebo group: abortion, n=22; blighted ovum, n=1; intrauterine death,n=2; early neonatal death, n=1; and neonatal death, n=2).Interpretation ：Daily iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women hadno effect on child neurodevelopment at age 5–6 years.04： Incidence of and Factors Associated With Myopia and High Myopia in Chinese Children,Based on Refraction Without Cycloplegia.04、基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国儿童近视和高度近视的发生率及相关因素杂志（ JAMA Ophthalmol ）发表年份（ 2018）期刊影响因子（ 6.669）IMPORTANCE: Myopia has reached epidemic levels among children in regions of East andSoutheast Asia. High myopia 高度近视 is associated with myopic macular degeneration 近视性黄斑变性 , glaucoma 青光眼 , and retinal detachment 视网膜脱落 .OBJECTIVE : To determine the incidence of myopia and high myopia based on refractionwithout cycloplegia among children in primary and junior high schools in China.DESIGN , SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This observational cohort study was completed inGuangzhou, China. It consisted of a cohort from 19 primary schools , who were followedup from 2010 to 2015, and a cohort from 22 junior high schools , who were followed up from2010 to 2012. All schools were randomly chosen at rates proportional to the number ofschools in each of the city's 11 districts 所有学校都是按照与学校数量成比例的随机选择的.Students with or without myopia in grade 1 (primary school) or grade 7 (junior high school)were eligible for inclusion. Data analysis occurred from February 2017 to October 2017.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalentrefraction (SER)等效球镜度数of -0.50 diopters (D) or less, as measured by subjectiverefraction 主觉验光without cycloplegia 睫状肌麻痹 ; high myopia was defined as a SER of-6.0 D or less. Annual incidences were defined as the proportion of participants each yearfound to have myopia or high myopia who did not previously have the condition . Height,weight, axial length (AL) 轴长 , corneal radius of curvature (CRC) 角膜曲率半径 , and AL/CRCratio were examined to assess if these measures were associated with future myopia or highmyopia.RESULTS: A total of 4741 students with or without myopia in either grade 1 for the primaryschool cohort (mean [SD] age 7.2 [0.4] years; 932 of 1975 [47.2%] female) or grade 7 for thejunior high school cohort (mean [SD] age 13.2 [0.5] years; 1254 of 2670 [47.0%] female)were included. Baseline mean (SD) SER was 0.31 (0.86) D among 1975 students in grade 1 vs -1.60 (2.00) D among 2670 students in grade 7. Baseline prevalence of myopia was 12.0% in grade 1 students (n?=?237 of 1969) and 67.4% in grade 7 students (n?=?1795 of 2663).The incidence of myopia was 20% to 30% each year throughout both cohorts. The incidence of high myopia was initially less than 1% in the primary school cohort (grade 1:n?=?2 of 1825; 0.1% [95% CI, 0.0%-0.3%]), but incidence exceeded 2% in the junior high school cohort (in grade 9: n?=?48 of 2044; 2.3% [95% CI, 1.0%-3.7%]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEV ANCE: The incidence of myopia among Chinese students based on refraction without cycloplegia is among the highest of any cultural or ethnic group.If confirmed with cycloplegic refraction, interventions to prevent myopia onset in Chinese populations should be initiated in primary schools. 基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国学生近视发生率是所有文化或民族中最高的。
英文摘要万能模板
英文摘要万能模板篇一：英语摘要十大万能模板由于英语摘要是新题型，相对来讲比较难，但是大家摸清基本的套路和方法，就不会无从下笔了，下面的十个模板是从《MBA联考英语写作分册》摘录的，模板很简单，大家把模板背熟，到考试是直接套用就行了，不过最好先找几篇文章练练笔，熟悉一下流程。
英文摘要的基本方法就是：首先，写出中文摘要；其次，把它用简单的英文翻译过来并加以修改。
英文摘要的写作注意事项：1、英文摘要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。
尽量使用短句，慎用长句。
2、应采用第三人称表达方式，谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。
进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。
3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。
英语摘要十大万能模板框架一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to__. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one should be stressed, that is __. In addition, as far as the author is concerned, __ is of utmost significance to our society. The last but not the least, as isillustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes __into consideration. Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that __ is indeed crucial.在本段的第一段，强调我们必须充分重视＿（中心词）。
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例AbstractThe abstract is a crucial component of academic writing, providing readers with a concise summary of the research paper. This article aims to demonstrate a sample format for writing an English abstract in academic papers.1. IntroductionIn academic writing, the abstract serves as a brief overview of the research topic, the methodology used, the main findings, and the overall conclusion. It is typically placed at the beginning of the paper, after the title and author information.2. Length and StructureThe length of an abstract can vary depending on the specific guidelines provided by the journal or conference. However, it is generally recommended to keep the abstract within 150 to 300 words. This ensures that the abstract remains concise and informative.3. ContentThe abstract should contain the following elements:- Research Problem: Clearly state the research problem or objective.- Approach/Methodology: Describe the methodology or approach used in the study.- Results: Summarize the main findings and outcomes of the research.- Conclusion: Present the key conclusions or implications of the study.4. Language and Style- Clear and Concise: Use clear and concise language to convey the main points of the research.- Avoid Abbreviations and Jargon: Use full terms instead of abbreviations, unless they are widely recognized.- Past Tense: Write the abstract in the past tense since the research has already been conducted.- Third Person: Write the abstract in the third person, using objective language.5. Example[The following is a fictional example of an abstract for a research paper on climate change.]Title: The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Tropical RainforestsAbstract:This research aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the biodiversity of tropical rainforests. The study utilized a combination of field surveys, satellite imagery analysis, and statistical modeling to assess changes in species diversity, habitat loss, and ecosystem stability. The results indicated a significant decline in species richness, increased habitat fragmentation, and heightened vulnerability of endemic species to climate-related events. These findings have important implications for conservationstrategies and the management of biodiversity hotspots in the face of climate change. By understanding the effects of climate change on tropical rainforests, policymakers can develop more targeted approaches to mitigate its impact and ensure the long-term survival of these vital ecosystems.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for an academic paper as it provides readers with a concise overview of the research. Following the recommended format and guidelines can help researchers communicate their findings accurately and succinctly. By adhering to the suggested structure and style, authors can ensure their abstracts are informative and engaging for readers.。
英文文章摘要范文大全
英文文章摘要范文大全English Answer:Abstract 1。
This study investigates the impact of social media on mental health in young adults. A survey was conducted among 500 participants aged 18-25, examining their social media usage and psychological well-being. Results indicate a positive correlation between social media use and increased anxiety and depression symptoms. The findings suggest that excessive social media use can negatively affect mental health in this population.Abstract 2。
The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for reducing stress in healthcare professionals is explored in this paper. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 healthcare workers, comparing the effectiveness ofmindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and a control group. Participants in the MBSR group reported significant reductions in stress levels compared to the control group, demonstrating the potential of mindfulness interventions in improving mental health in demanding healthcare settings.Abstract 3。
英文摘要
1.说得委婉些：To put it mildly
2.很机灵，很精明，很有能力:have a lot on the ball
I know Li Ming has a lot on the Ball. But I'm not sure if he likes to work here.
我知道李明很能干,但我怀疑他是否真的愿意到我们这儿来工作.
3.首要的事情：on the top of my list
4.熟悉：familiarize with
familiarize sd with sth
familiarize oneself with sth.
You'll need time to familiarize yourself with our procedures.
你需要时间熟悉我们的程序。
5.手表：wrist watch
6.Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自寻烦恼。
7.trying adj. 令人难于忍受的；难堪的；令人厌烦的
v. 试图( try的现在分词)；试验，尝试；审讯
Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me,but one that I would't trade for anything.
学习外语对我来说是无比艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。
8.glossary n. （书尾的）词汇表，难词汇编。
论文英文摘要范文
英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work.the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.done. run your spell check please. I didnt pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.求论文英文摘要Keywords: Awareness of their homes; Customs; Life forms; Value of life求毕业论文英文摘要,请大虾帮忙啊范文1. 碧绿的大海里，鱼儿在自由自在地遨游；蔚蓝的天空下，鸟儿在无拘无束地鸣唱，青翠的草地上，花儿在争先恐后地开放……整个世界，显得那么生机盎然！生命是什么，生命是风的轻盈岁月，生命是雨的淋漓尽致，生命是有着许多合音的交响，生命是有着一颗感恩而快乐的心，生命是能够每日快乐洋溢的幸福。
生命给予了我们无限多的东西，我们唯一能回报生命的只有珍爱生命。
我们要学会珍惜生命，理解生存的意义，善待自己，善待他人。
现代社会中，各种各样不珍惜生命的行为很多，比如犯罪，吸毒等等，许多同学对于毒品的危害认识不足，只是表面上知道毒品不好，但是会有多大危害呢？会产生什么样的后果不是很清楚。
现在许多同学对于生命没有一个完整正确的认识，不知道生命的含义，对于死亡没有基本的恐惧和严肃的态度。
往往因为一点小事，动不动就拿死来威胁，产生轻生的想法，甚至有一些同学真的去做，这种行为给社会和家庭带来了很大的损失，这是极不负责任的行为。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。
在日常生活和工业生产中，人们对温度测量的要求越来越高，主要表现在测量的精度、可靠性、稳定性等方面。
温度的测量直接关系到产品的质量、生产效率以及生产安全等重大技术指标。
同时，测温系统的成本和便携性也越来越受到人们的关注。
传统的温度测量系统中，温度测量环节是由模拟温度传感器加上高性能的运放和A/D转换器构成，然后通过单片机进行控制，因而，所需的外围器件较多，硬件成本开销很大。
基于片上可编程系统PSoC因在其芯片内部集成了丰富的模拟和数字模块，使一系列的控制任务大部分都可以在芯片内部完成，而且其可动态编程配置的功能，使其具有很高的灵活性，使得控制方便且生产成本比较低，所以在工业生产控制中得到了广泛的应用。
本文设计了一种以Pt1000作为温度传感器，以可编程片上系统PSoC作为核心芯片，采用片内的模拟和数字IP核资源，利用Modbus协议进行上位机通信的温度测量系统。
系统拟采用公司自主研发的温度采集器，集成为高密度温度采集系统，是针对高密度、高精度的监控，以及对于存在众多热电阻的场合设计的温度测量系统。
本文首先介绍了课题研究的背景和意义，并分析了当前温度测量技术和可编程片上系统PSoC的研究现状。
以可编程片上系统芯片CY8C5868AXI-LP032作为系统核心，设计了硬件电路整体结构，系统分为四个子模块，温度采集模块、放大模块、A/D转换模块、通信模块。
选取铂电阻Pt1000作为温度传感器，铂电阻采用三线制接法。
温度信号输入电路采用独特的电桥电路测量技术，具有没有引线电阻影响，抗干扰能力强，电桥电路与测量电路完全隔离等优点。
电桥电路中输出的模拟电压经过放大后，输入至AD转换器中变为数字信号，再由处理器换算出相应温度，在硬件电路设计中对各部分子电路进行了原理和功能的介绍，其中在对Δ-ΣADC配置时，根据系统要求对其分辨率、采样率进行相关参数配置。
在系统硬件设计平台的基础上，使用PSoC Creator2.0集成开发环境进行了系统软件的设计，其中包括温度信号采集、AD值与温度值的转换、温度补偿、Modbus通信协议和信息帧格式等。
设计中主要针对的是实际温度值获取、温度误差补偿的设计，其中采用的主要方法是分段线性化和线性标度变换相结合的方法。
为满足PSoC与计算机的通信加入了基于Modbus的通信协议，采用RS485接口标准来完成两者之间的数据发送和接收，在PSoC内部配置了全双工通信UART的各个参数，采用CRC循环冗余的校验方式。
最后对系统进行调试，以测试工程的运行情况，首先使用PSoC的专用下载工具PSoC MiniProg对系统进行下载烧写接口调试，通过Visual Basic进行通信测试，然后通过电阻箱模拟铂电阻温度测试。
最后对本文的的工作进行了总结，同时对其作出进一步展望。
关键词：温度检测；PSoC；；通信PT1000 ModbusAbstractTemperature is a common and important physical parameter in the production process.In daily life and industrial production, people have become increasingly demanding of temperature measurement, mainly performances in the measurement accuracy, reliability, stability and so on.Temperature measurement is directly related to the major technical indicators such as product quality, production efficiency production safety.In the meanwhile, more and more attention is paid to the cost and portability of the temperature measurement system.In Conventional temperature measuring system, the unit of temperature measurement is composed of analog temperature sensor, a high performance amplifier, A/D converter and controlled by the Single-Chip Microcomputer, Therefore, it not only needs more peripheral device, but also the hardware cost is expensive.PSoC programmable system on a chip have integrated so many analog and digital blocks that plenty of control tasks can be completed in the chip, and the capability of programming configured dynamically make it more flexible, because of controlled easily and relatively low production costs, so it is widely used in industrial production control.This paper designs a temperature measurement system with PSoC programmablesystem on chip as the core, which use Pt1000 as temperature sensor, make use of the analog and digital IP core resources and communication with the host computer adopting the modbus protocol.The design uses the collector temperature produced by their company, integrated as a measurement collector system of high density.It aims at a high density and high precision monitor, and can be applied to the condition with a number of thermal resistors.First, this paper introduces the background and significance of the research, and analyzes the research status of the temperature measurement technology and the PSoC programmable system on chip.The hardware which uses the programmable system on chip-CY8C5868AXI-LP032 as the core of the system designs of the entire circuit configuration.There are four subsystems, including temperature acquisition module,amplifier module, A/D converter module, communication module.Select the Pt1000 platinum resistance using three-wire connection as temperature sensors.The signal input uses a unique bridge circuit as measurement technology which has its advantages in anti-jamming capability, the impact of lead resistance, the bridge and measuring circuit isolated completely.Analog voltage from the bridge circuit is amplified and converted into digital signal, then acquire corresponding temperature through the processor, and introduce the principle and function of each subsystem in the design of hardware circuit.According to system requirements, Δ-ΣADC is configured the relevant parameters, such as resolution, sampling rate.On the basis of the system hardware design platform, using PSoC Creator2.0 integrated software development environment for the design of the system, including the temperature signal acquisition, AD value and temperature value, temperaturecompensation, Modbus communication protocol and message frame format.Design is mainly aimed at the actual temperature acquisition, temperature error compensation, the main method of which combines the piecewise and linear scale transformation.To meet the communication with the computer, the communication protocol based on Modbus is joined in PSoC, adapting RS485 interface standards to complete the sending and receiving data between the two, and configuring each parameter of UART of full-duplex communication inside the PSoC, using CRC cyclic redundancy check.Finally, the system is tested to check the operation of the project.Firstly, using the special download tools, PSoC MiniProg to debug the download programming interfaces, visual basic is for communication test, then the resistance box simulate platinum resistance temperature test.Finally, summarizing the work of this paper, at the same time, the further prospects are made.Keywords: Temperature measure;PT1000;PSoC;Modbus communication第三篇：英文摘要（推荐）AbstractWith the rapid development of market economy in China, China's capital market has undergone tremendous changes.The number of listed companies is increasing, more and more large scale of capital, the demand is also growing, so how to obtain the capital, that is how to determine the company's financing of listed companies has become the primary problem to be considered, the capital is a company's survival foundation, therefore, how to minimize the cost of access to enterprise required capital and does not influence the enterprise own development will not bring any negative influence to become a difficult problem to solve.Along with our country marketeconomy system 's development and perfection, but also will have more enterprises through listing financing, therefore, in-depth study of China's listed companies financing structure, to understand how to minimize the cost of establishing the best capital structure in order to achieve the maximization of enterprise value, to achieve the objectives of financial management has important theoretical and practical significance.This article takes the modern capital theory as theoretical background, analysis western listed companies financing preference and the present condition of listed companies, the China's listed companies financing tendency to exist, from the factors of the cost of capital, corporate governance, capital market and other aspects of verification, the financing structure of Chinese listed companies and financing cost exist issues discussed and put forward the corresponding suggestions.随着我国市场经济体制的发展与完善，还将有更多的企业通过上市来融资，因此，深入研究我国上市公司的融资结构，了解如何以最小的代价建立最佳资本结构以便达到企业价值最大化，实现财务管理的目标具有重要的理论和现实意义。