英语语法--巧辨现在分词和动名词

巧辨现在分词和动名词

一、现在分词和动名词作定语时，主要从它们的意义、重读和位置三方面来区别。

①现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，二者在逻辑上有主谓关系,因而可扩展为定语从句，读时都要重读。例如:

a crying baby( =a baby who is crying)

the boiling water( = the water that is boiling)

②动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的用途、所属关系等，不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，因而不能扩展为定语从句，只能扩展为一个表示用途的介词短语，读时只重读动名词。例如:

a bathing suit( = a suit for bathing)一件游泳衣

drinking water( = water for drinking)饮用水

现在分词作定语时，可以后置，而动名词只能放在所修饰的名词前边。

例如:

On the day fllowing( = on the ollowing day)he left for New York.业(现在分词)

Do you have any listening materials? (动名词)

二、现在分词和动名词作表语的辨别方法:

①提问法

能用how对表语提问的是现在分词;能用what提问的是动名词。例如:My job is interesting. (How is your job?)

My job is teaching. ( What is your job?)

②位置对调法

将表语和主语位置对调，句子仍然成立，且意思通顺的为动名词:香则，为现在分词。例如:

My job is iteresting. Interesting is my job. (不成立)

My job is teaching. →Teaching is my job. (成立)

The ant queen's full time job is laying eggs. →Laying eggs is the ant queen'sfull-time job. ( 成立)

③成分添加法

表语后能带宾语和状语的是动名词;表语前面能加上副词( very ,quite,so等)或more，most加以修饰的则是现在分词。例如:

My job is more interesting than yours. ( 现在分词)

The news is quite astonishing. ( 现在分词)

My job is teaching you English. ( 动名词)

What she hated most was resting at home and doing nothing. i(动名词) ④系动词取代法

选用别的系动词(例如:get, become，feel，sound,look, seem等)取代be,句子依然成立、通顺的是现在分词;不能用别的系动词取代，只能用be的是动名词。例如:

Seeing is believing. (动名词)

The story is interesting. →The story sounds interesting. (现在分词)

My job seems interesting. (成立→现在分词)

My job seems teaching you English. (不成立→动名词) Exercise:

一、请判断下列各题是现在分词作定语还是动名词作定语?

l. a smiling face一张笑脸

2. a walking stick一根手杖

3. the working people劳动人民

4. the developing countries发展中国家

5. reading materials阅读材料

6. the changing world变化着的世界

二、请判断下列各题是现在分词作表语，还是动名词作表语?

1. The film is very moving.

2. Her job was washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.

3. The situation is encouraging.

4. His duty is raising pigs.

5. It's worying to think that there is a dangerous animal in the quiet countryside.

Key:

一、1.现在分词2.动名词3.现在分词4. 现在分词5. 动名词6.现在分词

二、1.分词作表语2. 动名词作表语3. 分词作表语4. 动名词作表语5.分词作表语