钻头基础培训
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Precision Cutting Tools
BASIC NOMECLATURE ROTATING TOOLS.
DRILLING 钻头
D3-001-0008-E-p
Harald Preusser
Precision Cutting Tools
硬质合金钻头材料
钻头采用硬质合金材料制造，是一种钨钴类合金，是以碳化钨（ WC）粉末为基体，以钴（CO）作粘接剂，经加压烧结而成，它 具有高硬度，非常耐热，有较高的强度，适用于高速切削。但韧 性差，非常脆。硬质合金材料的技术数据如下： 碳化钨 WC 90-94% 钴CO 6-10% 硬度 91.8-94.9HRA 密度 14.4-15.0g/cm2 抗弯强度 3200-4300N/mm2 WC颗粒度 0.4-1.0μm 可根据不同的材料配制，制造出不同技术参数的钻头出来，使钻 头发挥作用更大
D3-003-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Drive movements.
Feed 进给
Rotation 旋转
D3-005-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Shank柄部
Flute排削槽
Tip 钻尖
D3-007-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Chip formation 铁屑形成
Sources: Sandvik Coromant
B4_001_E.ppt
D3-008-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Back taper.
d
100
d – 0.02 ... 0.08
D3-009-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Web taper.
d
钻心直径逐渐增大，保证钻心强度越来越 大。（并方便加工刀具过程中砂轮退刀）
100
d + 1 - 2 mm
1 : 50 1 : 50 1 : 80 1: 100
heavy normal
small
D3-0010-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Different drill shanks.不同的钻头柄部模式
Plain cylindrical 圆柱柄
Morse taper莫式柄
Standard shank标准柄
D3-0011-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
麻花钻切削部分结构
• http://wenku.baidu.com/view/e0703521482fb4daa58 d4b29.html?from=related&hasrec=1 PCD刀具
D3-0012-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Clearance angle.后角
a
a = clearance
angle
D3-0014-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Drill points.钻尖
Style A and C B D E U
Result Less feed force.小的进给抗力 Stabilizing the main cutting edge.让主切削刃更稳定 Stabilizing the corner. Less wear on the corner.让钻头的两个角更强壮，减少磨损 Optimized chipcontrol and improved cutting geometry.优化切屑控制和切削几何力 Optimized chipcontrol and improved cutting geometry. Less feed force.
D3-0022-0008-E-p
整体硬质合金钻头刃口结构
Precision Cutting Tools
普通钢韧性大，不易 断屑，要求刀具锋利 、强度大。
D3-0023-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Basic drill types.基本钻头形式
Typ N
general Purpose 通用型
Typ H
brittle Materials 短削材料
类似直槽钻，适合加工硬材料
Typ W
soft Materials 软材料
D3-0025-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Profile of a twist drill.
Profiles of the types N and UFL
web
A
B
section A - B
Type N
Type UFL
D3-0026-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Flute geometry.排削槽型
High rigidity
Large Chipspace 大的排削空间
D3-0027-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Step drill for machining with minimum burr formation.
90° ... 130° d2 = d1 + 0,5...1 d1
D3-0031-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Axial forces.轴向力
60 - 70% 30 - 40%
D3-0032-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
The influence of tip-angle on the cutting forces. 钻尖角度对切削力的影响。
Soft Materials 软材料
90°
118°
130°
140° Hard
Materials 硬材料
B
Small tip-angles: drill's tip enters first and provides guidance.
a a
A A B
Large tip-angles: cutting force A enters the drill axially. Side-slip is reduced.
D3-0033-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Steel grades.
Structural steels
Structural steel grades
Rm < 690 N/mm2 (100,000 psi) and lower than 0.05% P and S
Constructional steels
Unalloyed constructional steels
General structural steels with Rm < 500 N/mm2 (73,000 psi) Other steels up to > 0.55% C or Rm > 700 N/mm2 (102,000 psi)
High grade steels
Unalloyed high grade steels
Structural steels with > 0.5% C Tool steels 1. to 3. grade
Alloyed high grade steels
Structural steels, wear-resistant and bearing steels Tool steels, HSS Corrosion resistant steels, stainless and heat-resisting steels
Alloyed steel
D3-0039-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Spectrum of Materials
50 45 40
Ni- and Cobased alloys Stainless steels Steels up to 700 N/mm2 Cast Iron (GG/GGG) AlSi
0 150 300 450 600
Difficult to machine materials
Elongation A5 [%]
35 30 25 20 15 10
Titanium alloys
5
0
Steels up to 1000 N/mm2
750 900
High tensile steels Hardened steels
1050 1200 1350 1500 1700 1850
Tensile Strength Rm [N/mm2]
B9_091_E.ppt D3-0041-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Forms of wear.
Clearance wear
Land wear
Crater wear
Metal-cutting conditions are ok.
D3-0042-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Forms of wear.
Extreme land wear
Burnt cutting edges
Cutting speed too high
D3-0044-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Forms of wear.
Pushed swarf
Build-up edges
Excessive feed or incorrect drill geometry
D3-0045-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Recommended cutting data for drilling.
Diameter
Material
Drilling depth
Tool type
Cutting speed
vc = m/min
Feed speed
vf = mm/min
Specification catalogue
Standard series catalogue
Table or formula Speed ·p · n vc = d 1000 n = rev/min 1000 ·vc d ·p
Diagram or table Feed vf = n · f f = mm/U
n=
D3-0046-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Internal coolant supply.
Oil feed
Cooling the cutting edge
Higher cutting data, improved tool life
Cooling the chip Improved chip control Improved chip transport
D3-0047-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Case study
MegaJet vs. Twist drill with external coolant
60 (197)
50 (164)
Type of hole: Diameter: Depth: Material:
40 (131)
Tool life [m] (feet)
30 (98)
Through hole 12.2 mm (.48") 30 mm (1.18") 1.2713 = 55NiCrMoV6V (toolsteel L6) Rm = 970 N/mm2 (141.000 psi)
Coolant pressure:
10 bar (142 psi)
20 (66)
10 (33)
Twist drill DIN 1897 TIN-coated A 6292 TIN MegaJet
0 vc = 37 m/min (SFM 122) vc = 42 m/min (SFM 138) f = 0.2 mm/rev (.0078 inch/rev) f = 0.3 mm/rev (.0118 inch/rev)
Feed rate
0 (0) 200 (7.87) 400 (15.78) 0 (0) 200 (7.87) 400 [mm/min] (15.78) (IPM)
D3-0048-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Cutting test data comparison of ground / rolled versions.
500
Number of drilled holes
BASIC NOMECLATURE ROTATING TOOLS.
DRILLING 钻头
D3-001-0008-E-p
Harald Preusser
Precision Cutting Tools
硬质合金钻头材料
钻头采用硬质合金材料制造，是一种钨钴类合金，是以碳化钨（ WC）粉末为基体，以钴（CO）作粘接剂，经加压烧结而成，它 具有高硬度，非常耐热，有较高的强度，适用于高速切削。但韧 性差，非常脆。硬质合金材料的技术数据如下： 碳化钨 WC 90-94% 钴CO 6-10% 硬度 91.8-94.9HRA 密度 14.4-15.0g/cm2 抗弯强度 3200-4300N/mm2 WC颗粒度 0.4-1.0μm 可根据不同的材料配制，制造出不同技术参数的钻头出来，使钻 头发挥作用更大
D3-003-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Drive movements.
Feed 进给
Rotation 旋转
D3-005-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Shank柄部
Flute排削槽
Tip 钻尖
D3-007-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Chip formation 铁屑形成
Sources: Sandvik Coromant
B4_001_E.ppt
D3-008-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Back taper.
d
100
d – 0.02 ... 0.08
D3-009-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Web taper.
d
钻心直径逐渐增大，保证钻心强度越来越 大。（并方便加工刀具过程中砂轮退刀）
100
d + 1 - 2 mm
1 : 50 1 : 50 1 : 80 1: 100
heavy normal
small
D3-0010-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Different drill shanks.不同的钻头柄部模式
Plain cylindrical 圆柱柄
Morse taper莫式柄
Standard shank标准柄
D3-0011-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
麻花钻切削部分结构
• http://wenku.baidu.com/view/e0703521482fb4daa58 d4b29.html?from=related&hasrec=1 PCD刀具
D3-0012-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Clearance angle.后角
a
a = clearance
angle
D3-0014-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Drill points.钻尖
Style A and C B D E U
Result Less feed force.小的进给抗力 Stabilizing the main cutting edge.让主切削刃更稳定 Stabilizing the corner. Less wear on the corner.让钻头的两个角更强壮，减少磨损 Optimized chipcontrol and improved cutting geometry.优化切屑控制和切削几何力 Optimized chipcontrol and improved cutting geometry. Less feed force.
D3-0022-0008-E-p
整体硬质合金钻头刃口结构
Precision Cutting Tools
普通钢韧性大，不易 断屑，要求刀具锋利 、强度大。
D3-0023-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Basic drill types.基本钻头形式
Typ N
general Purpose 通用型
Typ H
brittle Materials 短削材料
类似直槽钻，适合加工硬材料
Typ W
soft Materials 软材料
D3-0025-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Profile of a twist drill.
Profiles of the types N and UFL
web
A
B
section A - B
Type N
Type UFL
D3-0026-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Flute geometry.排削槽型
High rigidity
Large Chipspace 大的排削空间
D3-0027-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Step drill for machining with minimum burr formation.
90° ... 130° d2 = d1 + 0,5...1 d1
D3-0031-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Axial forces.轴向力
60 - 70% 30 - 40%
D3-0032-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
The influence of tip-angle on the cutting forces. 钻尖角度对切削力的影响。
Soft Materials 软材料
90°
118°
130°
140° Hard
Materials 硬材料
B
Small tip-angles: drill's tip enters first and provides guidance.
a a
A A B
Large tip-angles: cutting force A enters the drill axially. Side-slip is reduced.
D3-0033-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Steel grades.
Structural steels
Structural steel grades
Rm < 690 N/mm2 (100,000 psi) and lower than 0.05% P and S
Constructional steels
Unalloyed constructional steels
General structural steels with Rm < 500 N/mm2 (73,000 psi) Other steels up to > 0.55% C or Rm > 700 N/mm2 (102,000 psi)
High grade steels
Unalloyed high grade steels
Structural steels with > 0.5% C Tool steels 1. to 3. grade
Alloyed high grade steels
Structural steels, wear-resistant and bearing steels Tool steels, HSS Corrosion resistant steels, stainless and heat-resisting steels
Alloyed steel
D3-0039-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Spectrum of Materials
50 45 40
Ni- and Cobased alloys Stainless steels Steels up to 700 N/mm2 Cast Iron (GG/GGG) AlSi
0 150 300 450 600
Difficult to machine materials
Elongation A5 [%]
35 30 25 20 15 10
Titanium alloys
5
0
Steels up to 1000 N/mm2
750 900
High tensile steels Hardened steels
1050 1200 1350 1500 1700 1850
Tensile Strength Rm [N/mm2]
B9_091_E.ppt D3-0041-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Forms of wear.
Clearance wear
Land wear
Crater wear
Metal-cutting conditions are ok.
D3-0042-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Forms of wear.
Extreme land wear
Burnt cutting edges
Cutting speed too high
D3-0044-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Forms of wear.
Pushed swarf
Build-up edges
Excessive feed or incorrect drill geometry
D3-0045-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Recommended cutting data for drilling.
Diameter
Material
Drilling depth
Tool type
Cutting speed
vc = m/min
Feed speed
vf = mm/min
Specification catalogue
Standard series catalogue
Table or formula Speed ·p · n vc = d 1000 n = rev/min 1000 ·vc d ·p
Diagram or table Feed vf = n · f f = mm/U
n=
D3-0046-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Internal coolant supply.
Oil feed
Cooling the cutting edge
Higher cutting data, improved tool life
Cooling the chip Improved chip control Improved chip transport
D3-0047-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Case study
MegaJet vs. Twist drill with external coolant
60 (197)
50 (164)
Type of hole: Diameter: Depth: Material:
40 (131)
Tool life [m] (feet)
30 (98)
Through hole 12.2 mm (.48") 30 mm (1.18") 1.2713 = 55NiCrMoV6V (toolsteel L6) Rm = 970 N/mm2 (141.000 psi)
Coolant pressure:
10 bar (142 psi)
20 (66)
10 (33)
Twist drill DIN 1897 TIN-coated A 6292 TIN MegaJet
0 vc = 37 m/min (SFM 122) vc = 42 m/min (SFM 138) f = 0.2 mm/rev (.0078 inch/rev) f = 0.3 mm/rev (.0118 inch/rev)
Feed rate
0 (0) 200 (7.87) 400 (15.78) 0 (0) 200 (7.87) 400 [mm/min] (15.78) (IPM)
D3-0048-0008-E-p
Precision Cutting Tools
Cutting test data comparison of ground / rolled versions.
500
Number of drilled holes