英语国家概况-爱尔兰篇中英翻译
英译汉翻译材料：爱尔兰
英译汉翻译材料：爱尔兰为了帮助大家练习英语翻译小编整理了一份英语笔译练习材料后面附有参考翻译希望能帮到大家IrelandisasovereignstateinwesternEurope,occupyingaboutfives ixthsoftheislandofIreland.ThecapitalandlargestcityisDublin, whosemetropolitanareaishometoaroundaquarterofthecountry’s4.6millioninhabitants.ThestatesharesitsonlylandborderwithN orthernIreland.Itisaunitary,parliamentaryrepublicwithanelec tedpresidentservingasheadofstate.Theheadofgovernmentisnomin atedbythelowerhouseofparliament.爱尔兰是西欧主权国家面积占爱尔兰岛的5/6仅与北爱尔兰接壤首都都柏林是最大的城市人口约为全国460万人口的1/4爱尔兰是单一制议会制共和国总统由选举产生并担任国家元首政府首脑则由众议院提名产生【注释1】Unitary:有参考译文翻译为“中央集权制”这里个人感觉“单一制”更贴切一些百度能搜到不少爱尔兰是中央集权的表述但可靠度有待考证以维基百科对unitarystate的解释来看其相对词汇为federations而且unitarystate也包括意大利意大利则是非中央集权国家所以“中央集权”这个词义可能不太合适“地方分权型国家也称非中央集权型国家主要代表是实行地方自治的意大利、英国、瑞典、挪威等”【注释2】Sovereignstate主权国家指拥有独立主权的国家主权国家是国际社会的最基本成员世界上共有195个主权国家包括193个联合国会员国和2个联合国观察员国(巴勒斯坦和梵蒂冈)FollowingtheIrishWarofIndependenceandthesubsequentAngloIris hTreaty,IrelandgainedindependencefromtheUnitedKingdomin1922 .Initiallyadominion,IrelandreceivedofficialBritishrecogniti onoffulllegislativeindependenceintheStatuteofWestminsterof1 931.Anewconstitutionwasadoptedin1937,bywhichthenameofthesta tebecame“Ireland.”In1949,IrelandwasdeclaredarepublicundertheRepublicofIreland act1948.爱尔兰独立战争以及随后的《英爱条约》签署之后爱尔兰于1922年脱离联合王国获得独立独立之初爱尔兰只是一个自治领1931年英国议会通过《威斯敏斯特条例》其完整的独立立法权才得到英国正式承认1937年爱尔兰制定新宪法定国名为爱尔兰1949年爱尔兰通过《1948年爱尔兰共和国法案》宣布成为共和国IrelandranksamongthewealthiestcountriesintheworldintermsofGDPpercapita.In1973,Irelandenactedaseriesofliberaleconomicpo liciesthatresultedinrapideconomicgrowth,coupledwithadramati criseininequality.Thecountryachievedconsiderableprosperityf rom1995toXX.ThiswashaltedbyanuNPRecedentedfinancialcrisisth atbeganinxx,inconjunctionwiththeconcurrentglobaleconomiccra sh.按人均GDP来看爱尔兰位居全世界最富有国家之列1973年爱尔兰颁布了一系列自由经济政策推动了经济快速增长也导致社会不平等问题加剧1995年至XX年爱尔兰经济蓬勃发展然而随着xx年空前的金融危机与世界经济崩溃这一良好经济展势头戛然而止InxxandXXIrelandwasrankedastheseventhmostdevelopedcountryin theworldbytheUnitedNationsHumanDevelopmentIndex.Italsoperfo rmswellinseveralmetricsofnationalperformance,includingfreed omofthepress,economicfreedomandcivilliberties.Itpursuesapol icyofneutralitythroughnonalignment.xx年和XX年根据《联合国人类发展指数报告》爱尔兰成为世界第七大最发达国家在其他多个国家评价指标中排名也非常出色包括新闻出版自由、经济自由、公民自由该国遵循不结盟的中立外交政策ThepopulationofIrelandstoodat4,588,252inxx,anincreaseof8.2%sinceXX.Asofxx,IrelandhadthehighestbirthrateintheEuropeanUn ion(16birthsper1,000ofpopulation).InXX,35.1%ofbirthsweretou nmarriedwomen.Annualpopulationgrowthratesexceeded2%duringth exxXXperiod,whichwasattributedtohighratesofnaturalincreasea ndimmigration.ThisratedeclinedsomewhatduringthesubsequentXX xxperiod,withanaveragegrowthrateof1.6%.xx年爱尔兰总人口达到4,588,252相比XX年增长了8.2%截止xx爱尔兰拥有欧盟最高的出生率：16‰XX年未婚先孕而出生的新生儿占35.1%xx年至XX年期间年人口增长率超过2%原因是较高的自然增长率以及移民涌入XX年至xx年期间增长率略微下降平均增长率为1.6%【注释3】数字的书写规范：如果一个数值很大数值中的“万”“亿”单位可以采用汉字数字其余部分采用阿拉伯数字示例1：我国1982年人口普查人数为10亿零817万5288人(国家标准GBT15835xx 代替GBT158351995)Irelandranksfifthintheworldintermsofgenderequality.Inxx,Ire landwasrankedthemostcharitablecountryinEurope,andsecondmost charitableintheworld.ContraceptionwascontrolledinIrelandunt il1979,however,therecedinginfluenceoftheCatholicChurchhasle dtoanincreasinglysecularizedsociety.In1983,theEighthAmendme ntrecognized“therighttolifeoftheunborn”,subjecttoqualificationsconcer ningthe“equalrighttolife”ofthemother.ThepassageoftheThirteenthandFourteenthAmendment s,guaranteeingtherighttohaveanabortionperformedabroad,andth erighttolearnabout“services”thatareillegalinIrelandbutlegalabroad.Theprohibitionondivor ceinthe1937Constitutionwasrepealedin1995undertheFifteenthAm endment.DivorceratesinIrelandareverylowparedtoEuropeanUnion averageswhilethemarriagerateinIrelandisslightlyabovetheEuro peanUnionaverage在性别平等方面爱尔兰排名世界第五xx年爱尔兰获评欧洲最慈善国家世界第二大最慈善国家1979之前爱尔兰控制避孕药使用但由于天主教教会影响日渐衰微爱尔兰社会越来越世俗化1983年爱尔兰第八宪法修正案确立“未出生的胎儿享有生命权”胎儿同母亲具有“同等生命权利”第十三以及第十四修正案通过后公民开始享有在国外堕胎的权利并享有了解、获取相关“服务”信息的权利这种服务在国外合法但在爱尔兰是非法的1937年宪法禁止公民离婚1995年第十五修正案废除了这一条目与欧盟平均水平相比爱尔兰离婚率非常低同时结婚率略高于欧盟平均水平【注释4】“therighttolifeoftheunborn”的意思参考资料：爱尔兰议会通过历史性法案允许有限合法堕胎：爱尔兰国内强大的反堕胎力量源于其深厚的天主教背景1861年《爱尔兰人身伤害法》禁止在爱实施堕胎提出以及执行堕胎均将面临刑事处罚1983年爱尔兰第8宪法修正案确立未出生婴儿享受与自然人一样的法律地位【注释5】learnabout如何翻译?结合文章背景搜索爱尔兰宪法+修正案基本没有对应结果只能搜英文版正好可以查到维基百科的介绍从介绍中则可以了解这句话的意思FourteenthAmendmentoftheConstitutionofIreland：TheFourteenthAmendmentoftheConstitutionofIrelandspecifiedth attheprohibitionofabortionwouldnotlimittherighttodistribute informationaboutabortionservicesinforeigncountries.Itwaseff ectedbytheFourteenthAmendmentoftheConstitutionAct,1992,whic hwasapprovedbyreferendumon25November1992andsignedintolawont he23Decemberofthesameyear.CapitalpunishmentisconstitutionallybannedinIreland,whiledis criminationbasedonage,gender,sexualorientation,maritalorfam ilialstatus,religion,raceisillegal.爱尔兰宪法禁止死刑此外年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻、家庭状况、宗教等方面的歧视都是非法的【注释6】Basedon可以略去Irelandbecamethefirstcountryintheworldtointroduceanenvironm entallevyforplasticshoppingbagsinxxandapublicsmokingbaninxx .RecyclinginIrelandiscarriedoutextensivelyandIrelandhasthes econdhighestrateofpackagingrecyclingintheEuropeanUnion.爱尔兰在xx年率先对塑料购物袋使用征收环境税xx年又成为第一个推行公众场所禁烟令的国家爱尔兰广泛实施废物循环利用并已成为欧盟包装循环利用率第二高的国家【全篇解析】：文章语法结构方面难度不算太大难点主要在于历史、政治背景知识语言表达也是很重要的方面不少考友译文版本意思没错但行文不够流畅一些数字等方面的表述也不太规范实际考试时没有办法去查阅背景资料能做到的只能是尽可能保证理解无误、表达清晰地道这也是平时更应注意和提高的地方以上译文及解析仅供参考如有批评建议欢迎指正。
2015年11月CATTI三级笔译英译汉第一篇最后两段原文和参考译文-爱尔兰共和国简介
Capital punishment is constitutionally bannedin Ireland, while discriminationbased on age, gender, sexualorientation,marital or familial status, religion, or race isillegal.
在爱尔兰，宪法禁止死刑，同时，基于年龄、性别、性取向、婚姻或家庭状况、宗教，或种族的歧视也都属违法。
Ireland became the first country in the world to introducean environmentallevy for plastic shopping bags in2002 and a publicsmoking ban in2004. Recycling in Ireland is carriedout extensively andIreland hasthe second highest rate of packaging recycling in the EuropeanUnion.
微信公众号:transelegant
2002年，爱尔兰开始对塑料袋征收环境税，2004年，颁发了公共场所禁烟条例。
在这些举措方面，爱尔兰均属世界首位。
该国广泛实行回收利用，包装回收利用率位居欧盟第二。
词汇短语：
Capital punishment：死刑。
Capitalpunishment, deathpenalty or execution is punishment bydeath
environmental levy for plastic shopping bags：对塑料袋征收环境税。
英语国家概况(汉英对照)
英语国家概况A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIESPart One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland第一部分大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国第一章国土与人民Chapter 1 Land and PeopleⅠ.英国的不同名称及其区域1。
Different Names for Britain and its Parts人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称：不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。
这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别？When people refer to Britain, they often use different names such as Britain, GreatBritain， England, the British Isles, the United Kingdom or the U.K. Do they mean the same thing？ Or are theydifferent？严格地讲,不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。
它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。
不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。
两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛,其中不列颠岛较大,它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国.因此，联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事,因此，人们就说不列颠，联合王国或简单地说UK。
这是不列颠岛上的一个国家，首都是伦敦。
另外还有一个国家，叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰，也位于不列颠岛上.它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分，在岛的南部。
1949 年始爱尔兰独立，首都是都柏林。
Strictly speaking, the British Isles,Great Britain and England are all geographical names. They are not the official name of the country。
爱尔兰国家概况中英文版
02. Climate
Climate
03. Major Cities
Major Cities
Dublin
The capital city of Ireland is Dublin, which is located in Dublin Bay. With one-fourth of the country's total population living there, Dublin is the largest city in Ireland. It is also the country's chief port, the commercial and financial center, and the seat of culture.
The The Republic of Ireland
姓名：
The island of Ireland is the third largest island in Europe. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean, separated from the island of Great Britain by the Irish Sea and from mainland Europe by the Celtic Sea.
The island of Ireland is epublic of Ireland, which is an independent country, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom.
Cork
Cork (科克) is the second largest city in Ireland. The city has a reputation for independence dating back to 1491, when its people fought to overthrow the English rule. The people of Cork are proud of their participation in the Irish War of Independence
英语国家概况之爱尔兰
4. Total land area: 81,421 Sq km.
5. The highest peak is Carrauntoohil 1,041
m. The River Shannon, at 386 km is the longest rivery
1. Prehistory civilization
2. Celts – 600 BCE 3. St. Patrick , 432– Catholicism
Megaliths
Stone circle in County Cork, ca 3500BC
St. Patrick and Catholicism
1.5 Flora
Forests now cover about 9% (4,450 km or one million acres) of the land. Because of its mild climate, many species, including sub-tropical species such as palm trees, are grown in Ireland. Much of the land is now covered with pasture, and there are many species of wild-flower. Gorse (Ulex europaeus), a wild furze, is commonly found growing in the uplands, and ferns are plentiful in
the more moist regions, especially in the western parts of Ireland.
英语国家概况(汉英对照)
英语国家概况A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIESPart One The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland第一部分大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国第一章国土与人民Chapter 1 Land and PeopleⅠ.英国的不同名称及其区域1. Different Names for Britain and its Parts人们说到英国时常常使用不同的名称:不列颠、大不列颠、英格兰、不列颠群岛、联合王国等。
这些名称一样吗?还是有所区别? When people refer to Britain, they often use different names such as Britain, Great Britain, England, the British Isles, the United Kingdom or the U.K. Do they mean the same thing? Or are they different?严格地讲，不列颠诸岛、大不列颠和英格兰都是地理名称。
它们并不是这个国家的正式名称。
不列颠诸岛是由两个大岛和几百个小岛组成的。
两个大岛是不列颠岛和爱尔兰岛，其中不列颠岛较大，它与爱尔兰岛的北部一北爱尔兰构成联合王国。
因此，联合王国的正式国名是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
但一口气说出这么长的国名太费事，因此，人们就说不列颠，联合王国或简单地说UK。
这是不列颠岛上的一个国家，首都是伦敦。
另外还有一个国家，叫爱尔兰共和国或称爱尔兰，也位于不列颠岛上。
它占据了爱尔兰岛的其余部分，在岛的南部。
1949 年始爱尔兰独立，首都是都柏林。
Strictly speaking, the British Isles,Great Britain and England are all geographical names. They are not the official name of the country. The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain andIreland. Great Britain is the larger of these two islands. It forms the United Kingdom with Northern Ireland—the northern part of Ireland. So the official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is too much of a mouthful to say such a long name for a country, so people just say Britain, the United Kingdom or simply U.K. This is one country on the British Isles and its capital is London. There is another country called the Republic of Ireland or Eire on the British Isles. It takes up the remainder of Ireland—the southern part of Ireland. It has been an independent republic since 1949 and its capital is Dublin.大不列颠岛上有三个政治区:英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
英语国家概况全篇翻译
第八章英国法律与司法机构联合王国不实行完全统一的法律制度。
但是英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰各自独立的法律制度却有大体的相似之处。
苏格兰的法律制度与英国其他地方的制度相异之处更多，但在许多方面有本质上的同一性。
联合王国所有法律制度的一个共同特点是没有一部完整的法典。
法律来源包括：(1)成文法(议会法案和经议会授权制订的补充法规)；(2)大量的"不成文"法或称习惯法，源于法院或其他的许多判决；(3)平衡法(对习惯法中没有包括到的那些案例的一种补充性法律手段)；(4)欧共体法，英国加入欧盟后要遵守的法律，主要局限于经济和社会问题。
另一共同特点是刑法和民法之间的区别(刑法处理的是针对整个社会的犯罪行为，而民法处理的是个人之间就权利、责任和义务而产生的纠纷，以及个人与群体，群体与群体之间的交往)Ⅰ.刑事诉讼程序在英格兰和威尔士，一旦警察指控某人犯有刑事罪，皇家检察总署就要接管此案，并独立地审核证据以决定是否起诉。
在苏格兰，检察总长，即皇家司法长官负责向高级法院、郡法院和地区法院起诉。
法律规定在全英国任何地方逮捕人，都必须尽快起诉并把其送到到法庭受审。
如果24小时内不能开庭，除非被控人的案情严重，否则皆可保释。
所有刑事审判都在法院公开进行。
因为刑法认为，在消除合理怀疑证明被告有罪之前，他是无辜的，并采取一切可能的步骤不使原告比被告处于有利地位。
审判时被告不必回答警察的问题，若被告的确发表陈述，除非已经以适当的措辞提醒过他，否则他的话不能用作审判他的证据。
不许强迫被告提供证据或在法庭上回答诉方的盘问。
每位被告都有权雇用律师为其辩护，如果他不能支付律师费，可用公共费用提供帮助。
如果他被指控谋杀，自己又无充足的财力，那就必须向他提供法律援助。
在由陪审团进行的刑事审判中，法官判刑(所有审判皆如此)，但陪审团决定是否定罪。
陪审团由法院召集，由普通的独立公民组成。
在英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰陪审团为12人，苏格兰为15人。
Ireland[原创!]英语国家概况.爱尔兰
![Ireland[原创!]英语国家概况.爱尔兰](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4c9741e4f111f18582d05a04.png)
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These streets in the centre of the city are narrow, with little space for cars.
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Town square of Galway
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Galway Bay is famous for its spectacular sunsets. This was from the beach in the heart of the city.
The largest city
Commercial and industrial centre
Principal port
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Irish cities are now very cosmopolitan(国 际性的). Dublin is a popular weekend destination for Europeans.
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The Atlantic coastline is highly indented（锯齿状） with steep cliffs（悬崖） falling into the sea.
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Along the west coastline, there are a few areas of pasture（牧场） in what is essentially a rocky landscape.
Irish Harp（竖琴）is so closely associated with Irish identity that it serves as the nation’s national emblem（国徽）.
Ireland[原创]英语国家概况.爱尔兰
![Ireland[原创]英语国家概况.爱尔兰](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/937bd06e5727a5e9856a618c.png)
Here is the same beach in the late afternoon. The Irish coastline is dotted with softly sandy beaches which are very popular in the summer.
The third most populous city The second largest city “the Rebel County”
Along the west coastline, there are a few areas of pasture（牧场） in what is essentially a rocky landscape.
Castles and ruins are found all over Ireland.
The Republic of Ireland
Ireland is a Western Europe country, It faces the Atlantic on the east and the Irish sea on the west. The five-sixths of the island of Ireland belong to the Republic, with the remainder constituting Northern Ireland (UK).
The Irish Flag
The current flag is the Tricolour of Green, White and Orange. This represents the partition of the country.
Irish Symbol: The Harp
英语国家概况名词解释——美国爱尔兰
英语国家概况名词解释——美国爱尔兰Rupert MurdochAustralian-born US newspaper publisher. he became a us citizen in 1985.Pilgrims Thanksgiving DayThe Pilgrims in 1620, 201 of them sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. The first winter after their arrival was very cold and when spring came, half of them were dead. Then the Indians came to their help and taught them how to grow corn. They had a good harvest that year. So they invited the Indians and held the first Thanksgiving celebration in America to give thanks to God.Republic of Ireland—the Republic of Ireland is an independent country situated in western Europe. It occupies four-fifths of the island of Ireland. Its capital is Dublin. The republic of Ireland is also known as Eire in Irish.Irish Catholicism—Ireland is one of the most catholic countries of Europe. Catholicism is an integral and pervasive influence on national life. Today 93.1% of the Irish population are Roman Catholics. About half the Catholic bishops in the United States are of Irish origin.爱尔兰裔。
英语国家概况 Chapter 12
Chapter 12 Ireland TodayI. Political Structure 政治体制Ireland is a parliamentary republic and a unitary统一的s tate under the 1937 Constitution. The Constitution is theoretically 理论上applicable适用于to the whole of Ireland. Citizens of Northern Ireland are also considered citizens and can run for office 竞选in the South. The Republic of Ireland consists of 26 of the 32 counties of Ireland.根据1937年的宪法，爱尔兰是议会制共和国是中央集权国家。
理论上讲，此宪法适用于整个爱尔兰岛，北爱尔兰公民也被视为共和国公民，能够竞选南方的职位。
爱尔兰共和国由爱尔兰岛的32个郡中的26个郡组成。
1. Executive power 行政权suffrage 直接投票任期七年He sommons or dissolves the Oireachtas议会(Parliament); signs and promulgate s 颁布laws; appoints judges, the prime minister and other members of the cabinet;内阁and heads the defence forces.武装部队In addition, he has the right to refer提交certain bills to the Supreme Court for a decision on their constitutionality符合宪法and refer certain bills to the people by referendum. 全民公决The president is advised and assisted in his duties by the Council of State.国家委员会他召集或解散议会；签署和颁布法律；任命法官、首相和其他内阁成员；统率武装部队。
英语国家概况 第四课 爱尔兰概况 The Republic of Ireland
Ireland as Part of Britain
• The Normans invaded Ireland in the 10th century.
• In 1541, Henry Ⅷ declared himself King of Ireland.
• In 1800, the Act of Union created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Samuel Beckett (1906-1989 )
Seamus Heaney (1839)
Beautiful Landscape Sceneries Makes Ireland an Attraction for Film-Shooting
King Arthur Brave Heart The Wind That Shakes the Barley Saving Private Rynn Quiet Man Once P.S. I love you Becoming Jane the Count of Monte Cristo Far and Away Leap Year
Movie Recommended
The Wind that Shakes the Barley
• Winner of Cannes Film Festival.
Ireland
• Irish is the first official language according to the Constitution.
• English is by far the predominant language spoken
throughout the country.
英语国家概况中英对照
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国P4The commonwealth is a free association of independent countries that were once colonies of Britain. Member nations are joined economically and have trading arrangements. The commonwealth has no special powers. There are 50 member countries within the Commonwealth.英联邦是一个自由联合体，由曾是英国殖民地而现已独立的国家构成，成员国之间实行经济合作，有一定的贸易协议。
联邦没有特殊的权力。
有50个成员国在联邦。
P12The English are Anglo-Saxons, but the Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts.英格兰人是盎格鲁——撒克逊人，而苏格兰人、威尔士人和爱尔兰人却都是凯尔特人；P17凯尔特人Celts----首先入侵The Celts, a taller and fairer race than the people who had come before, began to arrive about 700BC and kept coming until the arrival of the Romans. They may originally have come from eastern and central Europe, now France, Belgium and southern Germany. They came to Britain in three main waves.凯尔特人比先前抵达的种族更高、更漂亮，他们于公元前700年开始迁入，并于此后不断迁居到此岛，直至罗马人入侵；他们最初来自东欧和中欧,现在法国、比利时和德国南部一带。
英语国家概况(汉英对照)
英语国家概况(汉英对照)Isles consist of two large islands and several hundred small islands。
The two large XXX larger and is the home of England。
Scotland。
XXX is also part of the United Kingdom and is locatedin the northern part of XXX。
the official name of the country isthe United Kingdom of Great XXX。
due to its length。
people often refer to it as Britain。
the United Kingdom。
or simply the UK。
The UK is a country located on the island of Great Britain。
with its capital in London。
Another country。
the Republic of Ireland or simply Ireland。
is also located on the island of Ireland。
It occupies the rest of the island。
in the south。
It gained independence in 1949 and its capital is Dublin.Ⅱ.英国的地理和气候2.Geography and Climate of the UK英国位于欧洲西北部，是一个由四个国家组成的岛国。
英格兰、苏格兰和XXX占据了大不列颠岛的大部分面积，而北爱尔兰则位于爱尔兰岛的东北部。
英国地形多样，有山地、丘陵、平原、海岸等。
英国的气候温和而多雨，因为受到暖流的影响，所以冬季不会太冷，夏季也不会太热。
《英美国家概况》终极笔记中英文对照版
新版“英语国家概况”精讲笔记Chapter 1第一章Land and People英国的国土与人民I。
Different Names for Britain and its Parts英国的不同名称及其各组成部分1.Geographical names：the British Isles, Great Britain and England。
地理名称:不列颠群岛，大不列颠和英格兰。
2.Official name：the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.官方正式名称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3。
The British Isles are made up of two large islands-Great Britain (the larger one）and Ireland，and hundreds of small ones.不列颠群岛由两个大岛—大不列颠岛（较大的一个）和爱尔兰岛，及成千上万个小岛组成。
4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales。
大不列颠岛上有三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士。
(1）England is in the southern part of Great Britain。
It is the largest, most populous section.英格兰位于大不列颠岛南部,是最大，人口最稠密的地区。
（2）Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It has three natural zones (the Highlands in the north；the Central lowlands; the south Uplands）Capital：Edinburgh苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部.它有三大自然区：北部高地，中部低地及南部山陵。
英语国家概况-Ireland爱尔兰的地理,气候,人口
Geographical elevations
In terms of geographical elevations, the island of Ireland resembles a tea saucer, with a large central lowland comprised of limestone with an occasional relief of hills which rises at the coastline in a discontinuous border of mountains which often slo precipitously into the sea. Whereas the middle of the island has rich agricultural lan It becomes poorer in quality as one travels to the edges of the island, in particular, farmland is poor and often confined to a few fields and hills which are used to graze sheep. For most of its history Ireland has been an agricultural country, and one in which cattle are particularly valued.
The border between these two jurisdictions, drawn up in 1920, was constructed along the political and religious fault lines which have been a feature of Irish life, north and south, since the time of its colonization under Queen Elizabeth I in the late 16th century. Essentially, the border marked off the areas inhabited by the Protestant population in the north from those inhabited by the Catholics in the south. Following traditional county lines, the border is long and meandering and impossible to police effectively, so that there is easy movement between one jurisdiction and another.
英语国家概况-爱尔兰篇中英翻译
第十一章Part Two The Republic of Ireland爱尔兰共和国地理与历史 Geography and History不列颠群岛由两大岛屿和几百座小岛组成。
两大岛屿是大不列颠和爱尔兰岛。
爱尔兰也因其乡村绿荫而被称为绿宝石岛。
爱尔兰分为两个政治区域：北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国。
北爱尔兰是联合王国的一部分。
爱尔兰共和国是个独立国家。
The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because ot its rich green countryside. Ireland is divided into two political units. They are Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Northern Island is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland (Eire) is an independent country.I.Geographical Features地理特征爱尔兰共和国的面积为70，282平方公里。
与北爱尔兰接壤的边界为434公里。
The Republic of Ireland covers an area of 70,282 sq.its land border with Northern Ireland is 434 km.首都是都柏林，The capital is Dublin.爱尔兰一直被比作盆地，内有海滨高地围起的石灰岩高原。
海洋性气候影响全国。
爱尔兰的介绍英文版
Modren Ireland
• To courter just such bloody and futile rebellions ,a constitutional movement seeking Home Rule was instituded up by Isaac Butt .The home rules ,who sought a separate Irish parliament subording to London ,won half of the Irish seats in the 1876,it proved no more than a token gesture and was easily put down
• the constant friction between English colonial mastes and the Irish colonists was ,during this period ,exacerbated by those beween English landlords and their Irish tenant farmers.
The Middle Ages
• From around 800 onwards Viking marauders attacked Ireland,as well as England. These raids continued right through the 9th century and were followed by a second major wave early in the 10th century .As the major centres of population and wealth, monasteries were the main targets of the Vikings
英语国家概况翻译
Unit 1 ABrief Intr oduct ion t o Th e Uni ted K ingdo m我们正在研究的这个国家的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这也是一个复杂的名字，对于一个在许多方面都很复杂的国家。
大多数人都知道它，是因为它的庞大的海外帝国的称号使他在国家上扮演着重要的角色，但是在第二次世界大战之后的数年，这一切都结束了。
然而，人们知道的那些有关英国（他们可能称它为英国或者，错误的称为大不列颠）的事情，可能跟大多数真正的英国人是如果过自己的生活的事情没有多大的联系。
一方面，现在，帝国的时代已经过去很久了，只有老人们把帝国作为他们生活有一些意义的一件事留在记忆里。
英国不再是一个帝国，尽管其过去帝国的影响可能体现在各方各面;而不是仅仅体现在与曾经是这个帝国的一部分并且建立起一个松散（自愿）的称之为英联邦国家的组织保持联系的50或更多的国家之间的密切关系。
但是今天在英国国际关系中，更重要的是欧洲联盟。
自从1973年始，英国成为了它的成员。
考虑到当代的英国，强调它在欧盟中扮演的角色，比起英联邦的一部分，要有用得多了。
作为7国集团成员的大型发达经济体，它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家。
另外一个明显旧帝国的影响在于组成英国人口本身。
在20世纪50年代和60年代这段时间，受到鼓励来自这些英联邦国家的移民，导致了一个二十个人中就有一个非欧洲人的人口种族。
他们自己，其父母，或者祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，仅举出这几个最有代表性的国家和地区。
这将引入什么是本章节关于英国的关键主题：因为是大多数，或所有的国家，是不可能用简单的话语来概括英国人民。
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第十一章Part Two The Republic of Ireland爱尔兰共和国地理与历史 Geography and History不列颠群岛由两大岛屿和几百座小岛组成。
两大岛屿是大不列颠和爱尔兰岛。
爱尔兰也因其乡村绿荫而被称为绿宝石岛。
爱尔兰分为两个政治区域：北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国。
北爱尔兰是联合王国的一部分。
爱尔兰共和国是个独立国家。
The British Isles are made up of two large islands and hundreds of small ones. The two large islands are Great Britain and Ireland. Ireland is also called the Emerald Isle because ot its rich green countryside. Ireland is divided into two political units. They are Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Northern Island is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland (Eire) is an independent country.I.Geographical Features地理特征爱尔兰共和国的面积为70，282平方公里。
与北爱尔兰接壤的边界为434公里。
The Republic of Ireland covers an area of 70,282 sq.its land border with Northern Ireland is 434 km.首都是都柏林，The capital is Dublin.爱尔兰一直被比作盆地，内有海滨高地围起的石灰岩高原。
海洋性气候影响全国。
Ireland has been compared to a basin in which a limestone plateau is rimmed by coastal highland s. Maritime influences penetrate the land.最高峰是卡朗图山(1，041米)The highest peaks are Carrantuohill (1,041 m)爱尔兰最大的河是香农河，它发源于斯利戈湾附近的高原, 香农河为共和国提供了大部分电力。
The largest river in Ireland is the Shannon River. It rises in the plateau near Sligo Bay, The Shannon River provides electric power for much of the Republic.多样化是低地的主要特征。
中部低地是爱尔兰的心脏。
山谷的通道和低地走廊通向每一个爱尔兰海岸，Variety is the main feature of the lowlands. The Central Lowland is the heart of Ireland. Easy passageways along valley and lowland corridors lead from it to every Irish shore.因为爱尔兰在冰川时期完全被冰层覆盖，现在所有的动植物种类都是从欧洲其他地方迁徙来的。
As Ireland was completely covered by ice sheets during the lce Age, all extant plants and animals are migrant species from other parts of Europe.沼泽仍是爱尔兰最重要的地形特征。
在所有山脉中随处可见，并覆盖低地的大片地区。
Bogs remain the most significant feature of Irish landscape. They occur on all the mountains and cover large areas of the lowlands.l.气候 Climate and Weather爱尔兰的气候被描绘成"温和、温润和多变",地理学家把全岛划分为六大气候区：The weather of Ireland is described as "mild, moist and changeable." Geographers have distinguished six climatic regions爱尔兰雨量过多。
中部低地,是爱尔兰雨量最少的地区Ireland has excessive rainfall. The Central Lowland is the area of the lightest rainfall in Ireland,东北部以极佳的农场和庄稼闻名The Northeast is noted for its excellent cattle pastures and crops.Ⅲ.人口与宗教 Population and Religion爱尔兰的基本民族是凯尔特人，同时还混合有挪威人、法国人、诺曼人和英国人。
In Ireland the basic ethnic stock is Celtic, with an admixture of Norse, French, Norman and English.因为其种族的同一性，历史上的爱尔兰一直没有种族冲突。
There are no significant ethnic minorities. Historically Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its racial homogeneity.爱尔兰有四大不寻常的人口特征：Ireland has four unusual demographic features:(1)结合整个世纪的迁移而形成的低出生率； a low birthrate compounded by a century of emigration,(2)晚婚(男性35岁，女性29岁)；a late marriage age (35 for men and 29 for women),(3)人口中男性过剩；an excess of males in the population .(4)人口中各种年龄的独身男女占高比例。
a high proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages.1845年开始的大饥荒标志着爱尔兰社会历史的一个时代结束和另一个时代的开始。
The year 1845, when the Great Famine began, marks the end of one era and the beginning of another in the social history of Ireland.在人口自然下降的基础上雪上加霜的是同样历史悠久的人口外迁浪潮。
从1845年起，赤贫的人们跳上任何一艘能运载他们渡过爱尔兰海或大西洋的船只。
约有6百万人离开了爱尔兰。
To natural decrease was added a flow of emigration almost as long.From 1845 onward the desperately poor sought any ship that could carry them across the Irish Sea or the Atlantic. some 6 million people are estimated to have left Ireland in the century following the Great Famine.爱尔兰自由邦建立后 (1921年)，移民锐减。
After the establishment of the Irish Free State (1921), emigration showed a sharpdecline.爱尔兰有两种官方语言：爱尔兰语(凯尔特语)和英语。
There are two official languages in Ireland. They are Irish (or Gaelic) and English,爱尔兰是欧洲最为信奉天主教的国家。
美国约有一半的天主教主教是爱尔兰裔。
Ireland is one of the most Catholic countries of Europe. About half the Catholicbishops in the United States are of Irish origin.爱尔兰圣公会是最大的非天主教教派。
尽管天主教占绝对优势，但很少发生反对非天主教徒的宗教歧视。
The Anglican Church of Ireland is the largest non-Catholic denomination，Despite the Catholic predominance, there is very little religious discrimination against non-Catholics.Ⅳ.历史背景 Historical Background在史前时代，爱尔兰遭受许多凯尔特部落的入侵，最重要的是盖尔人。
约公元前4世纪他们抵达此岛，征服了北方的皮克特人和南方的爱兰人部落(这是爱尔兰名称的来源)，后来他们定居下来建立了繁荣的盖尔文明。
Ireland was invaded by a number of Celtic tribes in prehistoric times. The mostimportant were the Gaels. They arrived in the island about the 4th century BC. Theyconquered the Picts in the north and the Erainn tribe (from whom the name Ireland isderived) in the south. Then they settled down to establish a flourishing Gaelic civilization.爱尔兰历史上最重要的事件或许是公元432年圣帕特里克来到爱尔兰岛，并把此岛变成学问中心和基督教文化中心。