大学英语基础写作

大学英语基础写作

大学英语几种常用文体

1.书信作文：

事务信函（business letter）和私人信函（personal letter）

2.应用文：

便条（病假条，事假条，邀友来访，借物，订票，留言），请柬，单据，启示，海报，通知（凌茜p110）

3.图表作文：

●常考查的图：餠型图，曲线图，条形图，数据图

●图表作文常用的展开模式

●图表作文常用的表达方式

●图表作文常用的句型

●范文分析

(是文涛p91)

4.留学申请写作

●个人陈述Personal Statements

●推荐信Letters of Recommendation

●简历resumes

●与外国大学的联系信及自述信和签证申诉信

5.CET4，CET6写作

●写作要求，命题规律及评分标准

●主题句

●段落展开：列举法，对照法，因果推理法，分类法，举例法，综合法

●语篇：结构模式和衔接方法

●CET4,CET6作文分类讲解及范文分析：

论说文的结构

论说文的类型

(是文涛p91)

6.学术交流英语

●SCI 写作规范

●Research report and essay

教学安排

十一周：概况

十二周：书信作文，应用文

十三——十七周：CET4作文，图表作文及练习

十八周：留学申请写作

十九周：学术英语，考试

CET4，CET6写作

一．语段

1.语段的结构：

Developing Sentence 1(扩展句)

Topic sentence (主题句) ----Developing Sentence 2(扩展句) ---- Terminator(结论句)

Developing Sentence 3(扩展句)

2.写好主题句

一个好的主题句必须满足以下基本特征：

●高度的概括性

●主题思想表达明确

●能使读者预测其段落的发展方式

●一般应该是一个观点，想法或意见等

分析下列的例子：

1）It is very necessary to be a good university students. (议论主题句)

2）There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student. (说明体的主题句)

3）What I will do in the future is the following. (描述体的主题句)

根据要求写出主题句

1）Please write about Study Habits

2）Please write about College Life

3）Please write about Your hobby

扩展下列主题句

例如这样的一篇作文：Good Health

a.Importance of good health

b.Ways to keep fit

c.My own practice (是P59)

3. 段落展开

主题句是陈述段落的中心思想。因此，段落的展开（paragraph development）也就是主题句的展开。展开的方式有多种，如：列举法，对照法，因果推理法，分类法，举例法，综合法等。

列举法常用词语：first/second/third/last; firstly/secondly/finally; to begin with/to start with/inthefirstplace/then/next/in addition to/besides/also/moreover/furthermore/what’s more

以下有3篇短文的题目，请用顺序排列法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右：

a.Many people now prefer to live in the countryside. The main reasons are…

b.Watching TV at home is better than going out to a movie

c.Chatting on line has brought many problems into people’s life

Making a good impression at an American dinner party is not difficult if you

Follow these instructions. First,you should buy a small gift, such as flowers, candy, or wine for your host or hostess.Second,arrive on time. If the dinner engagement is for 7:00, don’t arrive after 7:00 without telephone.Next,during dinner, be sure to thank your host orhostess on the meal. After you finishing eating, you should not stay more than a few hours. Finally, thank your host or hostess for the dinner when you leave.

比较对照法常用连接词（transitions for Comparison and Contrast）

Similar to; like; different from; compared with; unlike; more… than…

以下有2篇短文的题目，请用比较对照法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右：

a.Advantages and disavantages of living on your own and living with your family

b.Life in the city is quite different from life in the suburbs

因果推理法

表结果的连接词：as a result; thus; hence; accordingly; therefore; consequently; then; so;

表原因的连接词：because; for; as; since ; owing to

以下有2篇短文的题目，请用因果推理法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右：

a.Migrant workers enter big cities

nd shortage in China

分类法

常用的分类表达形式有：divide A into…classify A into…group A into…There are…kinds (groups, categories, sorts, types, classes, sections)

请用分类法的发展方式完成下列题目，每篇要求80字左右：

Write about the different kinds of universities and colleges in China. Suggested words:

Leading university, provincial key university, local college, comprehensive, science and engineering, foreign language, humanities, public, private.

举例法

常用的引出例证的词有：for example, for instance, for another example, one example is … another example is… to illustrate.

以下有2篇短文的题目，请用举例法的发展方式完成，每篇要求80字左右：a. Give one or two examples to show the conveniences the modern communication

means have brought to us.

b. Give some examples to prove the saying “Haste makes waste” in English language learning.

综合法

综合使用两种或两种以上写扩展句的方法，称为综合法。

以下这段使用了定义，例证，对比和比较等方法。

Synonyms, words that have the same basic meaning, do not always have the same emotional meaning, For example, the words “stingy”and “frugal”both mean “careful with money.” However, to call a person stingy is an insult, while the word