第八讲 引申翻译法

The dress set off to perfection the seventeeninch waist, the smallest in three counties, and tightly fitting basque showed breasts well matured for her sixteen years.


The bottle is boiling. 壶里的水开了。 That man is always chasing after skirts. 那个男子总在不断地追逐女人。



---具体化引申：指用代表抽象概念或属性的 词来表示一种具体事物时，用具体化的事物来 表达，还其本来面目，使读者一目了然，如： The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前头的那辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯。


In contrast to the sadness of the tomb sweepers, people also enjoy hope of Spring on this day. The Qingming Festival is a time when the sun shines brightly, the trees and grass become green and nature is again lively. Since ancient times, people have followed the custom of Spring outings. At this time tourists are everywhere.


The Qingming Festival sees a combination of sadness and happiness. This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the deceased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.


Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. 电视，这种从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及 和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时 代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑 我们的生活和世界。


There are many legends about the evolution of the festival, the most popular of which is in commemoration of Qu Yuan (340-278 BC). Qu Yuan was minister of the State of Chu and one of China's earliest poets. In face of great pressure from the powerful Qin State, he advocated enriching the country and strengthening its military forces so as to fight against the Qin.


2、从句法层面来看，引申可分为： ---根据逻辑需要进行的引申 ---根据语用需要而进行的引申 ---根据修辞而进行的引申

New York has the poorest millionaires, the smallest great men, the haughtiest beggars, the plainest beauties, the lowest skyscrapers, the dolefulest pleasures of any town I ever saw.


引申翻译法： ---就是根据上下文的内在联系，从原词句基 本意义出发，根据具体语境和目的语表达习惯， 透过句中词或词组乃至整句的字面意义由表及 里，对某些词语作一定的语义调整，将其改变 为一种适于表达原文精神实质的新义，运用一 些符合汉语习惯的表现法，选用确切的汉语词 句，将原文内容实质准确地表达出来


英语词语所需引申方知其义，因为英语里词语 的意义多取决于语境： You know a word by the company it keeps. Words do not have meaning, but people have meaning for them.（词本无义，义随人生）
英汉互译中
第八讲 引申翻译法

It was clear to me that we were soulmates when it came to reducing government and expanding economic opportunity. 显而易见，涉及减少政府干预和扩大经济机会 这个问题，我们俩是心有灵犀一点通的。



Dragon Boat Festival The Dragon Boat Festival, the 5th day of the 5th lunar month, has had a history of more than 2,000 years. It is usually in June in the Gregorian calendar.

wenku.baidu.com
Although he still continued to be read, William James was considered by some of his contemporaries to be a scientific embarrassment. 尽管仍然有人在阅读威廉.詹姆斯的著作，但 他的一些同时代的人却认为他是一个在科学方 面令人尴尬的人物。
1、要确定一个词的具体意义，往往需要 在该词的语境中找出影响该词义引申的 因素，即该词在该语境中所具有意义的 理据。 2、当译者找到词义引申的理据时，该词 的意义就会由原来空泛、笼统的意义变 为具体、明确的意义。


The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. 在那米黄色混凝土摩天大楼丛中，漂浮着小巧 玲珑古色古香的日本水上人家。这情景颇有点 儿引人瞩目；恰好象征着和服和超短裙之间持 续不断的斗争。



If a man empties his purse into his head, no man can take it away from him, an investment in knowledge always pays the best interest. 倾己所有追求知识，没有人能夺走它；向知识 投资，收益最佳。 Purse引申为“金钱” 具体到抽象 Head引申为“知识”


People love to fly kites during the Qingming Festival. Kite flying is actually not limited to the Qingming Festival. Its uniqueness lies in that people fly kites not during the day, but also at night. A string of little lanterns tied onto the kite or the thread look like shining stars, and therefore, are called "god's lanterns."




1、从词义角度看，引申可分为： ---抽象化引申：对原文中某些字面意义明确 的具体的词，采用汉语中的含义抽象、概括的 词语来表达出来，如： I’m a child in these matters. 对于这种事我毫无经验。 Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of superstition. 愚昧是迷信之源，也是恐惧之源。

她的17英寸的腰围，在附近三个县里算是最细 的了，这身衣服把她的细腰束得尽善尽美，年 方16岁的她，乳房已经十分丰满，那紧而贴身 的小马甲，更使其跃然显现。


Qingming Festival The Qingming (Pure Brightness) Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, falling on April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will rise up and rainfall increases. It is the high time for spring plowing and sowing. But the Qingming Festival is not only a seasonal point to guide farm work, it is more a festival of commemoration.

英语中有些动词，如manage, continue, promise等，在其后接动词不定式时，这些动 词本身不承载主要信息，它们往往用以说明其 后面动词不定式中动词的形式方式或时间，因 此它们的功能相当于一个助动词


He managed to carry the heavy suitcase into the house alone. 他好不容易一个人把那只很重的箱子搬进了屋 子。



On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.

纽约有的是最贫穷的百万富翁，最矮小的伟人， 最目空一切的草包，最普通的美女，最低矮的 摩天大楼和最令人悲哀的娱乐，这一切比我所 见过的任何城市都有过之而无不及。
矛盾修辞 法

纽约有的是心灵最空虚的百万富翁，人格最渺 小的伟人，最目空一切的草包，最使人瞧不上 眼的美女，最卑鄙龌龊的摩天大楼和最令人悲 哀的娱乐，这一切比我所见过的任何城市都有 过之而无不及。