汉语小说英译
叙述学视角下中文小说引语形式的英译——以中文短篇小说《星期六》英译为例
摘 要本文以中文短篇小说《星期六》英译本为例,系统探讨了叙述学理论在中文引语形式英译中的应用。
小说中作者通过使用不同引语形式,达到控制叙述节奏、塑造人物性格的目的,因此本研究在叙述学理论的指导下对小说的引语形式进行分析,有助于理解不同引语形式的使用意图。
本文将理论和译例紧密结合,系统探讨在叙述学理论指导下中文小说引语形式的英译技巧。
通过翻译实践和理论分析发现,各引语形式在译文中均可保持其原本的引语形式,但在具体语境下,为保持原作的整体风格、加快叙述节奏、凸显人物性格、减轻读者阅读压力,以期最大程度再现原文的写作风貌和叙事风格,并增强译文的可读性,源语文本的一些引语形式可以其他形式在译文中呈现,具体发现如下:首先,源语文本中间接引语引导词之后的引语内容过长,语境重心易出现偏移,导致话语掌握权由叙述者转向人物,可翻译为自由间接引语、直接引语,甚至自由直接引语,淡化叙述者的声音,拉近读者与人物的距离,增强表达效果。
其次,翻译直接引语时,若引语内容所处语境以间接叙述为主,整体叙述节奏较快,且引语内容较短,无法起到塑造人物性格的作用,可将直接引语转化为言语行为的叙述体或者间接引语,加快叙述速度,保持语言的简洁性。
再次,由于两可型为汉语所特有的引语形式,翻译时要结合具体语境进行分析,若人物的声音更突出,则宜译为直接引语或自由直接引语;若整体叙述节奏较快,人物在语境中的主体角色弱化,则宜加快叙述速度,增强译文的节俭性,译为间接引语或自由间接引语。
最后,在引语内容翻译上要注意翻译技巧的使用。
本文主要采用异化、归化、显化、省略、语序调整等翻译措施,以期最大程度再现原文的写作风貌和叙事风格。
其中,归化法可妥善处理汉语的特色口语和习语,降低理解难度;显化法是指增添汉语中隐化的逻辑词,重组句子结构,使译文符合英语表达;省略法则用来处理源文引语中较为冗余的部分,增强译文可读性;调整语序可逻辑整合源文中的流水句,使译文更符合目的语特色。
《子夜》英译本赏析
《子夜》英译本赏析《子夜》是茅盾先生的代表作,也是被文学评论家瞿秋白称为“中国第一部写实主义的成功的长篇小说”。
迄今为止,其英译本已有4个,其中许孟雄译本传播的最为广泛。
本文以许孟雄英译的《子夜》为例,择取该译本的三个突出特点并结合翻译方法与翻译策略进行分析与评论,旨在为今后翻译实践的提高奠定基础。
标签:《子夜》许孟雄英译本翻译方法翻译策略一、引言茅盾(1896-1981)是我国现代著名作家、文学评论家、文化活动家以及社会活动家,论其代表作品,首推《子夜》。
这部长篇小说出版于1933年,随后在1936年,史沫莱特就曾将其翻译成英文,准备在美国出版,并特请“茅盾本人提供《子夜》出版后各方面反应的材料,和写一篇前言或序的文字,附于英文版《子夜》之首,以助西方读者对《子夜》及其作者的了解”[1]。
然而,后来由于二战的爆发,此译本并没有在美国发表。
当今广为流传的英文版《子夜》是由Hsu Meng-hsiung,即许孟雄所译,经Hong Kong:C.& W Publishing Co.和Peking:Foreign Languages Press这两个出版社分别出版。
此英译本于1979年再版,这无疑是其受欢迎的一个例证。
本文将要分析的《子夜》英译本就是许孟雄先生所翻译的版本。
许孟雄是著名的翻译家、英语教育家。
据张培基撰文回忆道,许孟雄先生于1956年动笔翻译长达25万字的长篇小说《子夜》,按合同需一年完成,他却提前五个月就向外文出版社交了稿[2]。
速度如此之快,不得不令人惊叹。
一经问世之后,在国外引起很大反响,读者对小说的内容和翻译质量给予了很高的评价。
接下来,本文将根据该英译本中的几大突出特点,具体分析Midnight一书中所使用的翻译方法与翻译策略。
二、人名及称谓的翻译一部小说是由多个人物支撑起来的,其中人名的翻译是翻译工作的首项内容。
《子夜》一书中,共出现51个主要人物。
根据不同的翻译方法,可将其英译本中的人名分为三类:1、采用音译法,如将“吴荪甫”译为“Wu Sun-fu”,“刘玉英”译为“Liu Yu-ying”,“李玉亭”译为“Li Yu-ting”等等,这是翻译人名一种最基本的方法;2、将人名英译,这使得中国姓名更易被外国读者所识读,如将“杜竹斋”译为“Tu Chu-chai”,“吴慧芳”译为“Wu Huei-fang”,“吴芝生”译为“Wu Chih-sheng”等等;3、使用意译,把“李麻子”译为了“Pockmarked Li”。
张保红文学翻译小说英译汉作业
方明明文学翻译小说英译汉从土耳其来的侄儿伊利亚斯·哈里尔著去年的一天,突然响起了敲门声。
我的侄儿没打声招呼就从土耳其来了!我上一次见他时,他才到我膝盖,像蚱蜢似的小不点儿,长了一双怯生生的眼睛,两只像一双扇子的耳朵,没了俩门牙,头发短短的,和永远脏兮兮的手。
你知道,每一个侄子基本都长这样儿。
我喜欢这孩子,对他很钟爱。
用他那小不点的身高,他总是仰脸瞅着我好似在看一根电话线杆子,他的大眼睛笑着总能把我逗乐。
从短裤里露出的两条腿有点罗圈腿。
两只眼睛虽然直视着你但有点斗鸡眼。
我看着他的时候有点怜惜他······所以我从来没有对他发过火也没有打过他。
我俩说话时,他肩膀上好似放的有重重的东西,表现出防御的样子。
他要是犯错了,这个特点会更明显。
他的眼睛渐渐湿润,声音小的都听不到;颤抖的像一片叶子。
谁看见他都会以为他是一个孤儿会为之难过。
他们就想给他点儿钱或是一些糖果。
因为一些事我打过其他的侄子,但是从来没碰过他一根手指头。
我爱他还爱不够呢!在家时,不管谁惹大人生气了,我的这个小侄儿都能让自己离得远远的。
要是你跟他说话,他就不回答。
如果他回答了也是声音小小的。
你就是打他他也是安静的。
挨打的时候,叫的声音不是越来越大,而是逐渐降低。
因此,打他的那个人怒气会变成同情,于是这小男孩就逃过了更多的惩罚。
我是很久之后才总结出来,他跟其他人说话时,既不会罗圈腿也不会斗鸡眼耳朵更不会像飞落的叶子。
还有,他生气的时候,他知道怎样吵个不停。
要是他知道危险临近(要挨打了)他就会罗圈腿、斗鸡眼、耳朵拉长。
我移民加拿大之后有十五年没见到侄儿了。
现在他已经长成魁梧的大小伙儿了,英俊健壮!表示欢迎之后,我问了他一些问题,想知道他来这里的原因。
“侄儿,你想找什么样的工作啊?”“啊,蒙主的恩准,叔叔,我愿干任何的工作。
我什么都能干。
只要说得出来我就能干。
我什么都干过。
干过木匠、电工、货郎、修鞋匠、裁缝、汽车修理工;您还要吗?这些我都干过。
英译汉短文翻译10篇
1. Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。
2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field.不像其他领域,编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。
3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海,令人耗神。
4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole往往一天辛苦工作下来,发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛,好不沮丧。
5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样,词典并非是一蹴而就的。
6)People must plan them collect information and write them. 必须先制定计划,收集材料,然后方能编写。
7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.编写词典不仅耗费时间,而且常让人受挫,甚至恼怒。
葛译《红高粱》译文赏析
葛译《红高粱》译文赏析作者:毕静田玲来源:《黑龙江教育学院学报》2018年第05期摘要:人们阅读小说是为了愉悦与晓瑜。
莫言的小说《红高粱》获得诺贝尔奖以后,其作品的英文译者葛浩文也随之备受关注。
从小说翻译的语言风格的角度选取《红高粱》英译本中的部分内容,从生动的语言描述、具体的人物描写和个性化的人物对话三方面进行赏析,鉴赏葛浩文如何使读者接受其译作的语言风格。
关键词:小说翻译;葛浩文;《红高粱》;语言风格;忠实中图分类号:H315.9 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-7836(2018)05-0120-03翻译小说,其目的也要使阅读翻译文本的读者达到愉悦和晓瑜的效果[1]。
小说翻译与其他文体的翻译有很大区别,小说翻译在语言上要根据不同的人物使用不同修饰词,根据不同的场景选择相适应的形容词来渲染一定的氛围。
尤其文学翻译更加注重艺术效果,因此其语言表达符合原作风格的译作不仅让读者了解故事情节,还能使读者从译文中感受到语言美。
在汉语小说英译问题上,对某一作品或某一作家的作品系列及其译文的语言艺术进行鉴赏,从而分析、研究译文是否做到了对原著风格最大限度的忠实和再现,是文学翻译(汉译英)中的一个重要课题[2]。
葛浩文在翻译莫言《红高粱》的译作中,充分地体现了语言的魅力,使作品中的人物栩栩如生,场景如同读者身临其境。
《红高粱》是一部讲述了以20世纪30年代为时代背景的东北高密大地一民间小村庄,那里的人们用不同的方式表达爱与恨和强大生命力的中篇小说。
莫言用表现力极强的语言刻画了这片站满红高粱的土地,为读者展现出抗日战争初期动荡不安的社会因素带给人们的各种复杂的情绪并与之做斗争的场景。
葛浩文的译作用同样的语言表达风格再现了莫言生动犀利的语言,虽然处于不同的国别,但葛浩文总能找到目标语读者所能理解并接受的表达,将之与原作所呈现的精神相符。
本文将从生动的语言描述、具体的人物描写和个性化的人物对话这三方面对其译作的语言风格进行赏析。
汉语四大古典小说名着选段英译
程永生 著
4
第四章 汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译
“第一系统包括嘉靖本、周曰校本、夷白堂 本、夏震宇本等。在作者罗贯中的署名上,它 们都冠有‘后学’二字。每段都有一个单句的 ‘节目’。大多载有庸愚子(蒋大器)和修髯 子(张尚德)的序文。有的分为二十卷(每卷 十节),有的分为十二卷(每卷二十节)。早 期的嘉靖本、周曰校本的书名叫作《三国志通 俗演义》。
程永生 著
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第四章 汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译
“第三系统为李卓吾评本、锺伯敬评本、 李笠翁(渔)评本。它们开始把二百四十节本 改造为一百二十回本。李卓吾评本不分卷,刊 行于明末,包括吴观明本、宝翰楼本、绿荫堂 本、藜光楼植楠堂本等。钟伯敬评本分为二十 卷,刊行于明末。李笠翁评本分为二十四卷, 刊行于清初,包括芥子园本、两衡堂本、遗香 堂本等。李卓吾本和闽刊本有一定的血缘关系。 李卓吾评本、钟伯敬评本出现于毛评本之前。 李笠翁评本则出现于毛评本之后。
程永生 著
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第四章 汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译
“第四系统由多种的毛评本组成。全书共
分为六十卷,每卷两回。评者为毛纶、毛宗岗 (1632-1709)父子二人。他们对底本(一种 比较接近于罗贯中原本的版本)的许多地方进 行了增删与修饰。卷首的凡例十条详细地介绍 了他们的改动之处。他们还对全书和各回的文 字进行了细致的评点。毛评本刊行于康熙年间。 现知最早的刊本为醉耕堂本。其后的覆刻本以 及各种派生本甚多。毛评本成为清代以来最流 行的《三国志演义》版本。它的出现,扩大了 《三国志演义》的传播范围,使《三国志演义》 拥有了更多的读者。”
程永生 著
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第四章 汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译
研究四大古典小说名著的人很多,有中国人也有外 国人,有些人可以说研究了一辈子如研究《红楼梦》 的俞平伯、冯其庸、周汝昌等。他们研究的问题很多, 涉及的领域也十分辽阔,研究也非常富有深度。《红 楼梦》与《三国演义》的版本问题就有不少人研究过, 例如刘世德先生对《三国演义》版本的研究。关于 《三国演义》版本问题,刘世德先生在为北京燕山出 版社出版的《三国演义》所写的《前言》中认为, 《三国演义》的版本很多,细说起来颇费周章,“简 单地说来,分为四个系统。第一、第二系统是二百四 十节本。第三、第四系统则是一百二十回本。
语用学视角下中国文学作品的英译——以《泰山尼姑》为例
Jiangsu Foreign Language Teaching and Research2020.4语用学视角下中国文学作品的英译”——以《泰山尼姑》为例曹坤李平(南京农业大学外国语学院)摘要:随着跨学科研究的兴起,语用学和翻译研究两者因共同的研究对象而有了越来越多的接合面。
不论是作为宏观理论指导,还是微观语言语用分析,语用学为翻译学提供了多个有益的视角。
本文介绍了何自然的语用翻译理论,并以该理论为视角,分析了林语堂英译《泰山尼姑》中的翻译技巧,探究林语堂在译文中如何实现语言语用等效和社交语用等效。
关键词:语用翻译;等效;《泰山尼姑》引言语用学是语言学的一个分支,研究语言使用与理解,它既研究说话人利用语言和外部语境表达意义的过程,也研究听话人对说话人说出的话语进行解码和推理的过程。
翻译研究则是研究译者理解原文、在译文中重构原文意义的学问。
两者有着共同的研究对象,即语言理解和语言表达。
从语用学的角度探索翻译研究,越来越引起国内外语言学界、翻译界的关注。
张新红、何自然(2001)认为,语用学理论正应用到语言教学、语言习得、翻译、人际交往、跨文化交际、语际语言研究以及人工智能等领域,其理论指导作用越来越为更多的学者所注意。
对翻译研究而言也不例外,语用学不仅给翻译研究和实践提供微观的语用学分析方法,而且还提供了有关翻译研究的宏观理论。
同时,也可以把翻译活动看作语用学的研究对象和练兵场,语用学理论的有效性在翻译领域里也可以得到检验。
1.语用翻译理论翻译与语用学的结合研究始于西方。
1990年,哈蒂姆与梅森(Hatim&Mason)在《话语与翻译》(Discourse and the Translator,2001)一书中提到语用学与翻译有着密切的关系,从而最早把语用学相关理论引入翻译研究。
第一位系统地从事语用翻译研究的是恩斯特•奥古斯特•格特%E.Gut t),格特在关联理论的基础上提出关联翻译理论,形成了以分相理论为基础的语用学与翻译的跨学科研究。
英汉互译-翻译赏析
•因为戴那译个:小然区后构他造们复从杂第,六鲜大街买 有人来去些打锡扰镴,杯所子以、搞一艺两术只的烘锅, 人都组不成约了而一同个地“去聚那居里区定”居。。(欧.
亨利作品选,2002,117)
• 王译:接着,他们又从六马路 买来一些锡镴杯子和一两只烘 锅,组成了一个“艺术区”。
a group of people from the same (欧.亨利短篇小说选,2006,
to hit sb/sth hard;to attack
Analysis or punish sb 重打;猛击; 惩罚
牛津高阶英汉双解
背景:
• But Johnsy he smote; and •十一戴月译份:的但时他候还,肺是炎袭在击小了区琼里珊。
she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead,
place or with the same work or
258)
interests who live in a particular city or country 聚居人群 牛津高阶英汉双解词典
评析:"colony"虽有聚居人群的意思,但这里我们觉得用王永年翻译的“艺术区”
更为恰当,因为聚集到这里的人都是搞艺术的,用“艺术区”就更能很好的突出 这一点,与上下文衔接更好。
•琼珊戴已译经:绝当望她到与了极友点情,及任尘苏世如的维 何劝系说一挽扣留接,一她扣还是地丝松毫懈没了有的活时候, 下死去去有 得的的关 更欲准死 紧望备了亡,。。的她(怪已欧经念.作头亨好利似了作乎随品把时选她,抓
2002,122)
to earth were loosed.(欧.亨
英译汉短文翻译10篇
1. Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。
2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field.不像其他领域,编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。
3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海,令人耗神。
4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole往往一天辛苦工作下来,发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛,好不沮丧。
5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样,词典并非是一蹴而就的。
6)People must plan them collect information and write them. 必须先制定计划,收集材料,然后方能编写。
7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.编写词典不仅耗费时间,而且常让人受挫,甚至恼怒。
中国文学作品英译名
A【阿Q正传】The True Story of A Q【哀歌】elegy【《哀江南赋》】Lament for the South【爱情喜剧】romantic comedyB【八股】eight-part essay ( a literary composition prescribed for the imperial civilservice examinations, knows for it rigidity of form and poverty of ideas ) 【白话诗】free verse written in vernacular【白话文】writings in vernacular【《白话文学史》】History of Vernacular Literature【白描】simple, straightforward style of writing【《白香词谱笺》】A Collection of Tunes of Ci Poems【百花齐放,推陈出新】Let a hundred flowers blossom, weed through the old to bring forththe new【百花齐放,百家争鸣】Let a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thoughtcontend【报告文学】reportage【《暴风骤雨》】The Hurricane【暴露文学】literature of exposure【悲剧性缺陷】tragic flaw【笔记小说】literary sketches; sketch-book【边塞诗】frontier-style poetry【扁平人物】flat character【变文】bianwen (form of narrative literature flourshing in the Tang Dynasty, withalternate prose and rhymed parts for recitation and singing, often on Buddhisticthemes )【表现手法】technique of expression【柏拉图式恋爱】Platonic loveC【才子佳人】gifted scholar and beautiful woman ( a term usually usedto refer to ideallovers in Chinese romance )【《采莲赋》】Lotus Gathering【《蔡文姬》】Cai Wenji【《沧浪诗话》】Cang Lang's Notes on Poets and Poetry【《茶馆》】Teahouse【长短句】a kind of classical poetry consisting chiefly of seven-character linesinterspersed with shorter or longer ones【《长干行》】The Trader's Wife【《长恨歌》】Song of Enduring Sorrow;A Song of Everlasting Sorrow【《长生殿》】Palace of Eternal Youth; The Longevity Hall【畅销书】best-seller【衬托】to make...stand out in high relief【衬字】extra word inserted in a line of verse for balance or euphony 【《赤壁赋》】Song of the Red Cliff【《出师表》】Memorial on Sending Out the Troops【《初学记》】The Primary Anthology【《楚辞》】Chuci; Elegies of Chu; Songs of Chu【传奇】legend; short stories of the Tangand Song dynasties【传奇小说】romantic novel【《创业史》】The Builders【创造社】Creation Society【创作思想】ideas guiding creation in literature and art【创作源泉】fountain-headofliteraryand artistic creation【《春蚕》】Spring Silkworms【《春灯谜》】Spring Latern Riddles【《春风沉醉的晚上》】intoxicating Spring Nights【《春江花月夜》】Spring, the River, Flowers, the Moon: night;TheRiver On a Spring Night【春柳社】Spring Willow Society【《春秋》】The Spring and Autumn Annals【纯文学】balles-letters【《辍耕录》】Talks in the Intervals of Ploughing【词】ci poetry (written to certain tunes with strict tonal pattens and rhymeschemes, in fixed numbers of lines and words originating in the Tang Dynasty andfully developed in the Song Dynasty )【词调】tonal patterns and rhyme schemes of ci poetry【词牌】tune; names of tunes of ci poems【《词谱》】A Collection of Tunes of Ci Poems【词曲】general term for ci and qu【《词源》】The Origin of the Ci Poetry【词韵】rhyme of ci poemsD【打油诗】doggerel; ragged verse【大场剧场】public theaters【《大风歌》】Song of the Great Wind【大墙文学】prison literature【《大学》】The Great Learning【大众化】popular; in a popular style【《当代》】Contemporary Literature【《道德经》】The Scripture of Ethics; The Way and Its Power 【道德含义】moral meaning【倒叙】flashback【地方出版物】samizdat【地方色彩】local colour【地方小说】regional novel【典型环境】typical environment【典型人物】typical person【典型形象】typical image【典型性】typicality【典型性格】model personalities【电影理论】film theory【叠句】reiterative sentence【叠韵】two or more characters with the same vowel formation【叠字】reiterative locution【动物寓言故事】beast fable【《窦娥冤》】The Injustice Done to Dou E【读者反应批评】reader-response criticism【对联】couplet written on scrolls【多重含义】multiple meaningE【俄国形式主义】Russian Formalism【《儿女英雄传》】The Story of the Hero and The Sisters; Two Sisters Marry the Same Man【儿童文学】children's literature【《儿童文学研究》】The Study on Children's Literature【《而已集》】And That's that【《尔雅》】Literary Expositor【《二刻拍案惊奇》】The Second Collection of Striking the Table in Amazement at theWonders【《二十年目睹之怪现状》】Odd Things Witnessed Over Twenty Years; Having Seen Strange PresentConditions for Twenty Years【《二十四诗品》】The Twenty-Four Moods of Poetry【二十四史】the Twenty-Four Histories (dynastic histories from remote antiquity tillthe Ming Dynasty)【二为方向】literature and art following the two directions of being for serving thepeople and for serving socialism【《二心集》Two HeartsF【反面人物】negative character【反现实主义小说】antirealistic novel【反映现代生活】to reflect present-day life【反映现实生活】to reflect real life【《飞燕外传》】The Private Life of Lady Swallow【非传统英雄式的主人公】anti-hero【非理性主义】irrationalism【非虚构小说】nonfiction novel【非正式出版物】underground literature【肥皂剧】soap opera【风骨】strength of character; vigour of style【风景诗】topographical poetry【风骚】literary excellence; coquettish【《凤凰涅磐》】The Nirvana of the Phoenix【《封神演义》】Canonization of the Gods; Gods and Heroes; Investiture of the Gods【讽刺喜剧】satirical comedy【讽刺作品】satire【丰富的表现能力】rich expressive power【《枫桥夜泊》】To Moor at Night at the Maple Bridge【《芙蓉镇》】A Small Town Called Hibiscus【《腐蚀》】Decay【赋】fu;descriptive prose interspersed with verse; prose-poetry【复仇悲剧】revenge tragedy【《浮生六记》】Six Chapters of a Floating LifeG【干预生活】interventing in life【感伤小说】senimental novel【高大全】tall, big, and perfect ( the nonexistent divorced-from-realistic-life,"heroic" figures fabricated in certain literary and art works along the Gang-of-Four's theory of literature and art during the Cultural Revolution 【格律诗】regulated verse【革命的政治内容和尽可能完美的艺术形式的统一】unity of revolutionary political content and highestpossible perfection of artistic form【革命斗争小说】novels and novelettes on revolutionary struggle 【革命文学】revolutionary literature【革命戏剧】revolutionary drama【革命现实主义】revolutionary realism【革命现实主义和革命浪漫主义相结合】combining revolutionary realism with revolutionary romanticism【革命样板戏】revolutionary model theater【歌颂工农兵英雄】enlogizing worker, peasent and soldier heroes 【歌颂光明】enlogizing what is bright【歌行】a poem that can be set to music and song【《隔帘花影》】Flower Shadows on the Screen【工人文学】arbeiter literature【功利主义艺术观】vtilitarianism of art【宫体诗】palace-style poetry【宫廷作家】courtly makers【古代文学】ancient literature【古典悲剧】classical tragedy【古典文学】classical literature【《古今谭概》】A Chat about the Present and the Past【《古今小说》】The Ancient and Modern Stories【古今之争】quarrel at the ancients and moderns【《古诗源》】The Wellsprings of Old Poems【古体诗】gutishi; ancient style poetry ( a form of pre-Tang poetry, usu. having fiveor seven characters to each line, without strict tonal patterns or rhyme schemes【古为今用,洋为中用】make the past serve the present and foreign things serve China【古文】1. prose written in the classical literary style2. ancient Chinese prose3. Chinese script before the Qin Dynasty【《古文观止》】The Finest of Ancient Prose【古文运动】Ancient-Style Prose Movement【《古小说钩沉》】Ancient Stories Salvaged【《故事新编》】Old Tales Retold; Old Stories Retold【故事中的故事】story whthin a story【《官场现形记》】Revealing Original Shape in Officialdom; Bureaucrats Shown Up【《管锥编》】The Pipe and Awl Collection; Perspectives on Literature 【《归去来辞》】On Returning Home; The Return【闺怨诗】boudoir-plaint poetry【国粹】quintessence of the Chinese culture【《国殇》】The Ode to the Fallen【《国语》】Guoyu; Conversations from the States; Discourse on the StatesH【《海上花列传》】Lives of Shanghai Singsong Girls【海外奇谈】tall tale【《汉宫秋》】Sorrow in the Han Palace【《汉书》】The History of the Han Dynasty; Book of Han; Chronicles of the Han Dynasty【《好逑传》】The Fortunate Union【合声】improptu verse【《荷花淀》】Lotus Creek【荷花淀派】Lotus Lake School【黑色幽默】black humour【《红高梁》】Red Sorghum【《红楼梦》】A Dream of Red Mansion; Dream of the Red Chamber 【红学】redology【《呼兰河传》】The History of Hulan River【《胡笳十八拍》】Barbarian Reed-Whistle Song in Eighteen Stanzas; Eighteen Verses Sung to a Barbarian Whistle【《华盖集》】Bad Luck【《花边文学》】Fringed Literature【滑稽讽刺作家】burlesque【《红旗谱》】Keep the Red Flag Flying【《红岩》】Red Crag【后现代主义】post modernism【厚今薄古】paying more attention to the present than to the past 【话本】script for story-telling; text of a story【话本小说】story-tellers scripts【话剧】modern drama【《淮南子》】Writings of Prince Huainan【《幻灭》】Disillusion【《黄河东流去》】The Yellow River Flows East【《黄鹤楼送孟浩然至广陵》】Seeing Meng Haoran off to Yangzhoufrom Yellow Crane Tower【荒唐故事】cock-and-bull story【回忆录】reminiscences【活报剧】skit; street performanceJ【《激流三部曲》】The Torrent Trilogy【及时行乐】carpe diem【《家》】The Family【家庭悲剧】domestic tragedy【加强艺术感染力】to intensity the impact of the art【《翦灯新话》】New Stories Written While Trimming the Wick 【建安七子】seven leading writers during the Jian An Period at the end of the HanDynasty ( Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Can, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Ying Yang, and LiuZhen )【建国后文学】literature after founding of the P.R.C【间谍小说】spy novel【教诲文学】didatic literature【结构谨严】(with) a tightly-knit structure(plot)【结构主义批评】structuralism Criticism【接受美学】reception-aesthetic【《今古奇观》】Wonders of the Present and the Past【《金光大道》】The Bright Road【《金瓶梅》】The Golden Lotus; Gold Plum Vase; The Plum in the Golden Vase【《锦瑟》】The Richly Painted Zither【近代文学】modern literature【近体诗】modern style poetry ( a refernce to innovations in classical poetry duringthe Tang Dynasty, marked by strict tonal patterns and rhyme schemes )【《京本通俗小说》】Popular Stories from Capital Editions 【经济建设小说】novels and novelettes on economic construction 【《警世通言》】Convincing Arguments Warning the World; Comprehensive Words to Admonishthe World【《镜花缘》】Romance of the Mirrored Flowers【精神分析学文艺批评】psychoanalysis criticism【精神生活】spiritual life【《静夜思》】In the Quiet Night【《九歌》】Nine Odes; None Songs【《九尾龟》】None-Tailed Tortoise【《九章》】The nine Elegies; The Nine Songs【旧诗】old-style poetry; classical poetry【《旧文四篇》】Four Essays of Yesterday【《救风尘》】The Rescue of a Courtesan【救世主形象】christ figure【俱象诗】concrete poetry【绝句】jueju, poem of four lines, each containing five or seven characters, with astrict tonal pattern and rhyme scheme【《绝妙好词》】Excellent Lyrics【军事小说】military novels and novelettesK【客观对应物】objective correlative【客观批评】objective criticism【科学幻想小说】science fiction; fantasic fiction【《孔雀东南飞》】Southeast Fly the Peacocks【口头流传】oral transimission【口头文学传统】oral tradition【《苦菜花》】Bitter Herb【夸张】to exaggerate【《狂人日记》】A Madman's DiaryL【《兰亭集序》】Preface to the Orchid Pavilion Collection【浪漫主义悲剧】romantic tragedy【浪漫主义批评理论】romantic criticism【浪漫主义时期】romantic period【《老残游记》】The Travels of Lao Can【《雷雨》】Thunderstorm【类型化人物】type character【理论斗争】theoretical struggle【理性时代】age of reason【《礼记》】The Book of Rites; The Book of Ceremonies and Proper Conduct【《李有才板话》】Rhymes of Li Youcai【离奇故事】tall story【《离骚》】Li Sao; The Lament; Encountering Sorrow【历史小说】historical novel【恋母情结】Oedipus complex【连载小说】serial story【联句】parallel phrases【《聊斋志异》】Strange Tales of Liao-Zhai; Strange stories from a Chinese Studio;【《列子》】The Works of Liezi【《林海雪原》】Tracks in the Snow Forest【《林家铺子》】The Shop of Lin Family【《六十家小说》】Sixty Stories【六言诗】poems in six-word verse【《龙须沟》】Dragon Beard Ditch【《陋室铭》】On My Modest Room【鲁迅研究会】Society for the Study of Lu Xun【《吕梁英雄传》】Heroes of the Lu Liang Mountain【律赋】regulated prose-poem【律诗】lushi; a poem of eight lines five or seven characters in each line【伦理的批评】ethic criticism【《论契合》】Degrees of Affinity: Studies in Comparative Literature 【论说文】argumentative prose【《论语》】The Analects of Confucius; Analects【《洛神赋》】On the Goddess of Luo River【《骆驼祥子》】Camel Xiangzi; The Ricksha BoyM【马克思主义文学批评】Marxist criticism【冒险小说】novel of adventures【梦幻体】dream vision【美学批评】aesthetic criticism【朦胧诗】obscure poetry; "murky" poetry【《孟子》】Mencius; The Book of Mencius; The Works of Mencius 【迷语】riddle【描写阴暗面】description on dark-side【民间歌谣】popular ballad【民间故事】folk tale; folklore【民间文学】folk literature【民族遗产】national legacy【《墨池记》】The Ink Pond【魔幻现实主义】magic realism【木偶剧】pupppet show【牧歌】pastoral【《牡丹亭》】The Peony PavilionN【《呐喊》】Call to Arms【《南腔北调集》】Mixed Dialects【内容和形式的统一】unity of content and form【内心独白】interior monologue【浓厚的中国民族特色】rich Chinese national colour【女才子】bluestockings【《女神》】The GoddessesP【《拍案惊奇》】Thumping the Table in Amagement at the Wonders; Amazing Stories【《彷徨》】Wandering【《佩文韵府》】The Standard Phrase Dictionary【批判地继承】to inherit in a critical way【批判地吸收文学艺术遗产】to critically assimilate the legacies of literature and art【皮影戏】shadow play【《琵琶行》】Song of the Pipa【骈琦派】School of Euphuism【骈文】rhythmical prose characterized by parallelism and ornateness 【平仄】1. level and oblique tones2. tonal patterns in classical Chinese poetryQ【七绝】four-line poem with seven characters to a line and a strict tonal patternand rhyme scheme【七律】eight-line poem with seven characters to a line and a strict tonal patternand rhyme scheme【《七侠五义》】Seven Heroes and Five Gallants【七言诗】poem with seven characters to a line【强烈的生活气息】strong smack of everyday life【《且介亭杂文》】Demi-Concession Studio Essays【《青春之歌》】The Song of Youth【《清明前后》】Before and After the Festival of Pure Brightness 【《清平山堂话本》】Vernacular Short Stories from the Clear and Peaceful Studio【情节剧】melodrama【《情史》】A history of Love【《秋》】Autumn【曲】qu ( a type of verse for singing, which emerged in the Southern Song and Jindynasties and became popular in the Yuan Dynasty )【《屈原》】The Death of Qu Yuan【《全宋词》】The Complete Ci-Poetry of the Song【《全唐诗》】Complete Poetry of the Tang; Collected Tang poems 【《全唐文》】Complete Prose Works of the Tang【《全相平话五种》】Five Completely Illustrated Pinghua 【《全相古今小说》】Illustrated Stories Anicent and Modern【全知的观点】omniscient point of viewR【《热风》】Hot Air【人物描写】characterization【人物素描】the character【人物突出】(with) characters that stand out【《日出》】Sunrise【《容斋随笔》】Miscellaneous Notes from the Tolerant Studio 【《儒林外史》】The Scholars; Unofficial History of Officialdom; Unofficial History about the Scholars as a ClassS【三部曲】trilogy【《三国演义》】Romance of the Three Kingdoms; Three Kingdoms 【《三国志》】Annals of the Three Kingdoms; History of the Three Kingdoms【《三家巷》】The Alley of the Three Families【三苏】The Three Su【三突出】three standouts (the formula for literary and art creations during the Cultural Revolution with positive characters standing out from all the characters, the main heroic characters standing out from the positive characters, and a most important central character standing out from the main heroic characters )【《三侠五义》】Three Heroes and Five Gallants【《三闲集》】Three Leisures【三言二拍】San Yan Er Pai; the popular short stories collected by Feng Menglong andLing Menchu【《三字经》】Three Character Classic【散曲】a type of verse popular in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, with tonalpatterns modelled on tunes drawn from folk music【散文诗】prose poetry【骚客】poet【骚人墨客】poet and man of letters【骚体】poetry in the style of Li Sao【色情文学】erotic literature【《莎菲女士日记》】The Diary of Miss Sha Fei【《山歌》】Folk Songs【《山海经》】The Classic of Mountains and Rivers; Book of Mountains and Seas【山药蛋派】Patato School【《山乡巨变》】Great Changes in a Mountain Village【伤痕文学】literature of the wounded; "scar" literature ( literary works reflecting the scars inflicted on people's psyches by the Cultural Revolution)【《上海屋檐下》】Under the Eaves in Shanghai【少数民族文学】literature of national minorities【社会风俗小说】novel of manners【社会小说】social novel【社会主义现实主义】socialist realism【神话批评】myth criticism【神韵】romantic charm【诗】poetry【《诗经》】The Odes; The Book of Songs; The Book of Odes Classic of Poetry【《诗刊》】Poetry【《诗品》】Critique of Poetry【《诗人玉屑》】Jade Splinter of Poets【诗书画合而为一】combination of poetry, calligraphy and painting in one【诗仙】poetic genius【《十二楼》】Twelve Towers【《十三经》】Thirteen Classics【时代精神】spirit of the age【时代思潮】current thought【《蚀》】The Canker【《史记》】Shi Ji; Historical Records; Redords of the Grand History of China; Recordsof the Historian【史传小说】biographical novels and novelettes【市井歌谣】broadside ballad【《世说新语》】New Accounts of Old Episodes; New Anecdotes of Social Talk【世外桃园】Arcadia【视角】point of view【《收获》】Harvests【《书经》】The Book of History; The Book of Documents【书信体小说】epistolary novel【抒情歌剧】lyric theater【抒情诗】lyric poem【抒情文学】lyric literature【双重人格】double personality【双重生活】double life【《水浒传》】The Water Margin; All Men Are Brothers; The Outlaws of the Marsh【《说文解字》】Analytical Dictionary of Characters; Explanation and Study of Principles of Composition of Characters【《四库全书》】Complete Library of Four Branches of Books; Complete Library in the FourBranches of Literature【《四世同堂》】Four Generations under One Roof【"四书"】The Four Books【四言诗】a type of classical poem with four characters to a line 【《搜神记》】Stories of Immortals【俗文学】folk literature【《随想录》】Random Thoughts【《随园诗话》】Criticism of Poetry from the Garden of Leisure 【《隋唐演义》】Romance of the Sui and Tang DynastiesT【《太平广记》】Extensive Records Compiled in the Taiping Years;The ExtensiveAnthologies of Taiping Period【《太阳照在桑乾河上》】The Sun Shines Over River Sanggan 【台阁体】secretariat style【《谈艺录》】Notes on Literature and Art【《唐诗三百首》】Three hundred Tang Poems【唐宋八大家】Eight Great Men of Letters of the Tang and Song Dynasties (Han Yu, LiuZongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Ansh, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, and Zeng Gong)【《桃花扇》】The Peach Blossom Fan【《桃花源记》】The Story of the Peach Blossom Valley【《陶庵梦忆》】Recollections of Taoan's Past Dreams【特写】feature article【《天安门诗抄》】The Tian'anmen Poems【田园诗】bucolic poem; pastoral poem; idyll【田园浪漫小说】pastoral romance【《铁道游击队》】Railway Guerrillas【通俗小说】popular novel【通讯】correspondence【童话】nursery tales【童谣】children's folk rhymes【颓废主义】DecadenceW【《万首唐人绝句》】Ten Thousand Quatrains from the Tang 【《望江亭》】River-Watching Pavilion【唯美主义】Aestheticism【唯物史观】materialistic conception of history【《围城》】A Town Besieged【为艺术而艺术】art for art sake【为人生而艺术】art for life's sake【《伪自由书》】False Liberty【文笔】style of writing【文化遗产】cultural heritage【文人墨客】poets and literary men【《文心雕龙》】Carving a Dragon at the Core of Literature【《文选》】The selections of Refined Literature【文学革命】literature revolution【文学批评史】history of literary critiques【文学社会学】sociology in literature【文学史】history of literature【文学思想史】history of literary thought【文学心理学】psychology in literature【文学研究会】the Society for Literary Research【文学遗产】literary heritage【文艺创作】literary and artistic creation【文艺队伍】ranks of writers and artists【文艺革命】revolution in literature and art【文艺工作者】literary and art workers【文艺民俗学】folklore in literature【文艺批评】literary and art criticism【文言】classical Chinese【文言文】writings in classical Chinese【《文苑英华》】Wenyuan Yinghua; Best Literary Works【问题小说】problem novel【五经】The Five Classics【五言诗】a poem with five characters in a line【无产阶级文学】proletarican literature【无产阶级小说】proletarian novel【无题诗】untitled poems【吴中四杰】Four Outstanding Men of Wu ( the four renowned young poets of the earlyMing, namely , Gao Qi, Zhang Yu, Yu Ben and Jang Ji )【武侠小说】chivalry novel and novelettes; gongfu novel 【《雾》】FogX【西方马克思主义文艺批评】Western Marxist criticism【《西湖佳话》】Memorable Stories of the West Lake【《西厢记》】West Chamber; The Western Chamber【《西游记》】Pilgrimage to the West; Monkey; Story of a Journey to the West; Recordsof a Journey to the West【戏剧冲突】dramatic conflict【戏剧性手法】the dramatic method【《闲情偶寄》】Sketches of Idle Pleasure【险韵】obscure rhymes【现代文学】contemporary literature【现代戏剧】modern drama【现代主义与后现代主义】modernism and post-modernism【现实主义小说】realistic novel【乡村小说】rural novel【乡土文学】local literature; native literature【象征派诗】Symoblist poetry【《湘西散记》】Recollections of West Hunan【小剧场运动】little theater movement【小品文】familiar essay; essay【小说美学】aesthetics of fiction【《小说月刊》】The Short Story Monthly【小小说】short-short story【消遣小说】light fiction【《笑府》】Treasury of Jokes【笑话】joke【《笑林广记》】Jest Books【楔子】prologue in some modern novels【写光明】writing about the bright【写黑暗】writing about the dark【心理描写】inside description【心理现实主义】psychological realism【心理小说】psychological novel【《新儿女英雄传》】New Story of Heroic Sons and Daughters【新青年】New Youth【新月社】the Crescent Moon Society【形象思维】thinking in terms of images【《醒世恒言》】Lasting Words to Awaken the World; The Common Saying Moralizing People【《醒世烟缘传》】Marriage that Awakens the World【性的描写】sextual description【性格喜剧】comedy of humours【《性格组合论》】On the Composition of Character【修辞手段】figures of speech【绣像小说】illustrated fiction【叙事诗】narrative poem【叙事小说】narrative novel【序跋】preface and postscript【序幕】prologue; prelude【宣传鼓动剧】agitprop【宣传文学】porpaganda literature【宣传小说】propaganda novel【渲染】apply colours to a drawing; play up【悬念】audience involvement in a film or play; reader involvement in a piece ofliterature【学院戏剧】academic dramaY【延安文艺座谈会】the Yan'an Forum on Literature and Art【演义】historical novel; historical rommance【《艳阳天》】Radiant Skies【《阳春白雪》】The Spring Snow【《野草》】Wild Grass【《野叟曝言》】A Rustic's Idle Talk【《易经》】The Book of Changes【艺术标准】artistic criterion【艺术成就】artistic merit【艺术的起源】origin of art【艺术鉴赏】virtuosity【艺术借鉴】reference in art【艺术效果】effect of art【艺术性】artistic quality【艺术至上论】art eorart【《艺文类聚》】Yi Wen Lei Ju; Classified Excerpts from Ancient Writers; A CategorizedCollection of Literary Writing【意识流】stream of consciousness【印象主义批评】impressionistic criticism【因材施教】individualized method of instruction; case by case 【《永乐大典》】Yong Le Da Dian ; Great Encyclopaedia of the Yongle Reign; The GreatEncyclopaedia in the Reign of Emperor Yongle【用民族风格表现新的内容】presenting new ideological content with a national style【语义重叠】multiple meaning【《喻世明言》】Illustrious Words to Instruct the World【寓教于乐】delight and instruction【寓言故事】fable【元曲】Yuan verse【元杂剧】Yuan-Dynasty zaju plays【原型批评】archetypal criticism【圆形人物】round character【鸳鸯蝴蝶派】Mandarin Duck and Butterfly School; Love Birds and Butterfly School【乐府】folk rhyme; folk songs and ballads in the Han style【《乐府诗集》】The Collection of Folk Songs and Ballads in the Han Style【《岳阳楼记》】On Yueyang Tower【《阅微草堂笔记》】Jottings from the Thatched Abode of Close ObservationsZ【杂剧】zaju (poetic drama set to music, flourishing in the Yuan Dynasty, usu.consisting of four acts called zhe, with a character having the singing role ineach zhe )【《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》】Talks at the Yan'an Forum of Literature and Art【《再别康桥》】Saying Good-bye to Cambridge Again【《战国策》】Strategies of the Warring States Period;Intrigues of the Warring States【章回小说】Traditional Chinese novels (with each chapter headed by a couplet givingthe list of its content)【《朝华夕拾》】Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk【《浙西六家词》】The Ci Poetry by Six Poets from the Westen Part of Zhejiang Province【真相大白的情节或场面】recognition plot or scene【侦探小说】detective story【正面人物】positive character【《正气歌》】A Song of the Moral Sense【政治标准】political criterion【政治和艺术的统一】unity of politics and art【政治小说】political novel【志怪小说】mythical stories【中国诗歌会】the China Poetry Society【《中国俗文学史》】History of Chinese Popular Literature【《中国通俗小说书目》】A Bibliography of Popular Chinese Fiction 【《中国文学批评史》】History of Chinese Literary Criticism【中国文学艺术界联合会】All China Federation of Literary and Art Circles【《中国小说史略》】A Short History of Chinese Fiction【中国左翼作家联盟】China League of Left-Wing Writers【中国作家协会】Association of Chinese Writers【中华全国文学工作者协会】All-China Federation of Writers 【《中庸》】The Doctrine of the Mean【主情文学】literature of sensibility【主题明确】(with) a clear-cut theme【竹枝词】1. ancient folk songs with love as their main theme2. occasional poems in the classical style devoted to local topics 【《庄子》】Zhuang Zi; Book of Master Zhuang【《资治通鉴》】Comprehensive Mirror for Aid Government 【《子不语》】What the Master Would Not Talk of【《子夜》】Midnight【自我隐退的作者】self-eff【自叙体形式】ich-form【自由恋爱】free love【自由诗】free verse【姊妹篇】companion piece【《组织部来了个年轻人》】A Young Newcomer in the Organization Department【《醉翁亭记》】Record of the Old Tippler's Pavalion【《左传》】Zuo Zhuan; Zuo Commentary; Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals【作品基调】mood and ambience【作品评价】evaluation of literary works【作品欣赏】appreciation of literature works【《左传》】Zuo Zhuan; Zuo Commentary; Master Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals【作品基调】mood and ambience【作品评价】evaluation of literary works【作品欣赏】appreciation of literature works。
浅谈葛浩文英译当代中国小说翻译观点
浅谈葛浩文英译当代中国小说翻译观点葛浩文(Howard Goldblatt),美国著名的汉学家,是2012年诺贝尔文学奖得主莫言作品的英文译者。
出生于1939年,1961年毕业于长滩加州州立大学,之后于服役期间在台湾学习汉语,现任圣母大學讲座教授以及香港城市大学客座教授。
葛浩文的成名作是1974年翻译出版的《萧红评传》,之后曼氏亚洲文学奖三位得主之作品也均为葛浩文译作,包括2007年的姜戎《狼图腾》、2009年的苏童《河岸》和2010年的毕飞宇《玉米》。
2012年,葛浩文英译的莫言作品《红高粱》获得诺贝尔文学奖。
其翻译严谨而讲究,让中国文学披上了当代英美文学的色彩,汉学大师夏志清在《大时代端木蕻良四十年代作品选》的序言中盛誉葛浩文为中国现当代文学之首席翻译家。
美国作家约翰厄普代克将葛浩文比喻成接生婆,他在《纽约客》杂志上写道:在美国,中国当代小说翻译差不多成了一个人的天下,这个人就是葛浩文。
莫言本人也在2010年在美国科罗拉多大学博尔德校区演讲时说:如果没有(葛浩文)杰出的工作,我的小说也可能由别人翻译成英文在美国出版,但绝对没有今天这样完美的翻译。
翻译思想是指译者本身对翻译工作的宏观认知,即译者对翻译的总体观念。
这种观念会影响到译者对译文本、翻译策略、方法等方面的选择和应用。
系统研究译者的翻译思想,不仅有助于把握译者所采用的翻译策略和方法,而且可以深化我们对于译者翻译行为背后的不同驱动因素的理解。
在此,笔者将选取论文中的典型代表,总结其主要翻译思想,并指出其指导下的翻译策略。
孟祥春(2015)认为,葛浩文的翻译思想主要包括翻译功用论、策略论、认识论、过程论与标准论。
他把葛浩文的翻译思想归结为在全球文学生产大语境下,以忠实为前提、以可读、平易、有市场为基本诉求、以目的语读者为中心、凸显自我的再创作。
孟祥春将其解读为全球文学生产大语境体现了葛浩文的全球视野;忠实让其翻译成为翻译;可读、平易有市场是翻译的标准论,确保了翻译取得成功;凸显自我是对译者的解放与主体性的高扬;再创作属于认识论,抓住了文学翻译的本质,提升了译者地位。
四大古典小说名著英译
汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译
汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译
本书材料均选自北京燕山出版社出版的《毛 宗岗批评三国演义》,是毛纶、毛宗岗父子对 一种接近于罗贯中原著的底本进行了增删后的 本子。最早出现的《三国演义》多为二百四十 节本,每节前有一句提纲挈领的回目概述本节 主要内容,合成一百二十回本时,将两节合并 成一回,一句话的回目就变成了两句话。毛宗 岗加工整理时,将每回的两句话的回目变成了 对偶句,在每回的前面都加上了评语。
汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译
这是《三国演义》第二回的开头一段,前面说到,刘
备引关、张去助卢植,不料朝廷已差董卓接替了卢植。 他们正要引军回去,恰遇董卓被黄巾军杀得大败。刘 备等慌忙投入战斗,杀败黄巾军,救了董卓。谈话之 间,董卓了解到刘备没有官职,因而非常怠慢。刘备 等人救了董卓反遭到他的冷遇,使张飞非常气恼。翻 译这段文字主要涉及三个方面的古文化:我国古代的 姓名文化、职官文化和地理文化。下面仅就引文所涉 及的姓名文化作一点说明。文中称刘备为玄德,称其 字而不直呼其名,是表示尊敬。关公即关羽,字云长, 关公是后人对他尊称。刘备是皇室之胄,在《三国演 义》中被作者视为正统,因而常用尊称。关羽则因其 忠义精神受到后人的尊敬,在《三国演义》中也常用 尊称指代,张飞却没有享受到类似的待遇。
汉语四大古典小说名著选段英译
4.2.3
The Chinese history witnessed the empire alternating between unity and division, long and short. At end of the warring state period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, seven powerful kingdoms were fighting against each other until Qin conquered the other six and unified China. When Qin fell apart, the two powers Chu and Han were engaged in civil wars until Han conquered the other and unified the country. The Han Dynasty can be traced back to Gaozu, the first emperor, who staged an uprising by slaying a serpent and established a unified empire. During the Western Han (so called for its capital Chang’an, located to the west of Luoyang), the throne was passed along the family line until it was usurped by Wang Mang, emperor of Xin, which was overthrown by a peasant uprising. Then Emperor Guangwu took the advantage of the chaos and restored the sovereign. Emperor Guang Wu moved the capital from Chang’an to Luoyang, hence the Eastern Han. The dynasty passed its throne again along the family line to Emperor Xian when it fell into three kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu.
中国文学作品中的姓名英译——以《红楼梦》和《西游记》为例
- 242-校园英语 / 翻译研究中国文学作品中的姓名英译——以《红楼梦》和《西游记》为例青岛科技大学/王晓南【摘要】和英文小说翻译相比,中文小说英译时遇到的人名翻译问题要复杂的多,因为中文小说中的人名往往蕴含着丰富的内涵,与人物的性格、命运或小说的情节有关。
在对人名的英译中,有多种方法可以采用。
无论如何翻译,最重要的是使英文读者能够明白中文小说中独具特色的文化。
【关键词】姓名翻译 《红楼梦》 《西游记》在中文小说英译的过程中,第一件头疼的事就是对人名的翻译。
中国文字博大精深,人物姓名涵义丰富,在翻译时会出现文化缺省现象,这就需要以灵活的方式进行补偿,以使异文化读者能够领略原文的文化内涵。
在大陆地区,人名的英译都是遵照中文拼音标准翻译,发音和结构均保留中国姓名文化特色。
而在文学作品中,人物的姓名又与故事情节、人物性格及遭遇等深刻关联。
在《红楼梦》中,人物姓名大有深意,有对人物命运和情节发展的暗语,也有对人物性格的概括。
当然,这两本书都包含了精深的中国文化,故本文将结合这两本名著的几版英译本,探讨主要的几种对人物姓名的翻译方法。
一、音译音译自然是最简单的方法,这也是中英互译时对人名的最常见处理方式。
在人物姓名并无特别涵义或难以翻译时,这种方法是可取的。
不过在很多中文作品中,人物的姓名往往有许多承载。
以《红楼梦》为例,大卫·霍克斯将王熙凤直接译为“Xi-feng”,对这样一位性格鲜明的人物来说,略有些可惜了。
杨宪益夫妇版本的《红楼梦》中,姓名基本采用音译,且采用旧式音译规则,比如宝玉——(Jia)Pao-yu,黛玉——(Lin) Dai-yu,并且这都按照了中国的姓和名的顺序,并没有改成英语中的惯用顺序。
当然,直接按拼音翻译不算是错,只是英语读者在阅读文学作品时就不会有中国读者那般对名字的理解了。
也许这样说是有些不公平,因为两种文化存在很难弥合的差异,很难完全表达出原作的本意,不过在文学翻译中,对人名的翻译可以多费心思。
小说英汉翻译
Mrs. Wife(夫人)The doctor told the story. He got very quiet, very serious in speaking of it.(医生用一种平和而又认真的语气诉说着故事) I knew him well, knew his wife and his daughter. He said that I must know of course that in his practice he came into intimate contact with a good many women.(我认识他,他的妻子以及他的女儿。
他说他当然知道了,因为他日常会和一个好女人保持紧密的联系。
)We had been speaking of the relations of men and women. He had been living through an experience that must come to a great many men.(我们已经说了那个男人和女人的关系了。
他必须一直生活在一个有许多人的氛围里。
)In the first place I should say, in speaking of the doctor, that he is a rather large, very strong and very handsome man. He had always lived in the country where I knew him. He was a doctor and his father had been a doctor in that country before him.(用一个医生的口吻,我首先该说的是他是个相当高大强壮又英俊的男子。
他一直是住在那个我认识他的乡村里。
他是个医生,在他之前,他的父亲也是这个乡村里的医生。
英译汉短文翻译10篇
1. Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。
2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field. 不像其他领域,编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。
3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海,令人耗神。
4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole往往一天辛苦工作下来,发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛,好不沮丧。
5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being 正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样,词典并非是一蹴而就的。
6)People must plan them collect information and write them. 必须先制定计划,收集材料,然后方能编写。
7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.编写词典不仅耗费时间,而且常让人受挫,甚至恼怒。
《我与地坛》英译及评论
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中国文学作品英译
中国文学作品英译T【《太平广记》】Extensive Records Compiled in theTaiping Years;The Extensive Anthologies of Taiping Period【《太阳照在桑乾河上》】The Sun Shines Over River Sanggan【台阁体】secretariat style【《谈艺录》】Notes on Literature and Art【《唐诗三百首》】Three hundred Tang Poems【唐宋八大家】Eight Great Men of Letters of theTang and Song Dynasties (Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Wang Ansh, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe, and Zeng Gong)【《桃花扇》】The Peach Blossom Fan【《桃花源记》】The Story of the Peach BlossomValley【《陶庵梦忆》】Recollections of Taoan's PastDreams【特写】feature article【《天安门诗抄》】The Tian'anmen Poems【田园诗】bucolic poem; pastoral poem; idyll【田园浪漫小说】pastoral romance【《铁道游击队》】Railway Guerrillas【通俗小说】popular novel【通讯】correspondence【童话】nursery tales【童谣】children's folk rhymes【颓废主义】DecadenceW【《万首唐人绝句》】Ten Thousand Quatrains from theTang【《望江亭》】River-Watching Pavilion【唯美主义】Aestheticism【唯物史观】materialistic conception ofhistory【《围城》】A Town Besieged【为艺术而艺术】art for art sake【为人生而艺术】art for life's sake【《伪自由书》】False Liberty【文笔】style of writing【文化遗产】cultural heritage【文人墨客】poets and literary men【《文心雕龙》】Carving a Dragon at the Core ofLiterature【《文选》】The selections of RefinedLiterature【文学革命】literature revolution【文学批评史】history of literary critiques【文学社会学】sociology in literature【文学史】history of literature【文学思想史】history of literary thought【文学心理学】psychology in literature【文学研究会】the Society for Literary Research【文学遗产】literary heritage【文艺创作】literary and artistic creation【文艺队伍】ranks of writers and artists【文艺革命】revolution in literature and art【文艺工作者】literary and art workers【文艺民俗学】folklore in literature【文艺批评】literary and art criticism【文言】classical Chinese【文言文】writings in classical Chinese【《文苑英华》】Wenyuan Yinghua; Best LiteraryWorks【问题小说】problem novel【五经】The Five Classics【五言诗】a poem with five characters in aline【无产阶级文学】proletarican literature【无产阶级小说】proletarian novel【无题诗】untitled poems【吴中四杰】Four Outstanding Men of Wu ( thefour renowned young poets of the early Ming, namely , Gao Qi, Zhang Yu, Yu Ben and Jang Ji )【武侠小说】chivalry novel and novelettes;gongfu novel【《雾》】FogX【西方马克思主义文艺批评】Western Marxist criticism【《西湖佳话》】Memorable Stories of the West Lake【《西厢记》】West Chamber; The Western Chamber【《西游记》】Pilgrimage to the West; Monkey;Story of a Journey to the West; Records of a Journey to the West【戏剧冲突】dramatic conflict【戏剧性手法】the dramatic method【《闲情偶寄》】Sketches of Idle Pleasure【险韵】obscure rhymes【现代文学】contemporary literature【现代戏剧】modern drama【现代主义与后现代主义】modernism and post-modernism【现实主义小说】realistic novel【乡村小说】rural novel【乡土文学】local literature; nativeliterature【象征派诗】Symoblist poetry【《湘西散记》】Recollections of West Hunan【小剧场运动】little theater movement【小品文】familiar essay; essay【小说美学】aesthetics of fiction【《小说月刊》】The Short Story Monthly【小小说】short-short story【消遣小说】light fiction【《笑府》】Treasury of Jokes【笑话】joke【《笑林广记》】Jest Books【楔子】prologue in some modern novels【写光明】writing about the bright【写黑暗】writing about the dark【心理描写】inside description【心理现实主义】psychological realism【心理小说】psychological novel【《新儿女英雄传》】New Story of Heroic Sons andDaughters【新青年】New Youth【新月社】the Crescent Moon Society【形象思维】thinking in terms of images【《醒世恒言》】Lasting Words to Awaken the World;The Common Saying Moralizing People 【《醒世烟缘传》】Marriage that Awakens the World【性的描写】sextual description【性格喜剧】comedy of humours【《性格组合论》】On the Composition of Character【修辞手段】figures of speech【绣像小说】illustrated fiction【叙事诗】narrative poem【叙事小说】narrative novel【序跋】preface and postscript【序幕】prologue; prelude【宣传鼓动剧】agitprop【宣传文学】porpaganda literature【宣传小说】propaganda novel【渲染】apply colours to a drawing; playup【悬念】audience involvement in a film orplay; reader involvement in a piece ofliterature【学院戏剧】academic dramaY【延安文艺座谈会】the Yan'an Forum on Literature andArt【演义】historical novel; historicalrommance【《艳阳天》】Radiant Skies【《阳春白雪》】The Spring Snow【《野草》】Wild Grass【《野叟曝言》】A Rustic's Idle Talk【《易经》】The Book of Changes【艺术标准】artistic criterion【艺术成就】artistic merit【艺术的起源】origin of art【艺术鉴赏】virtuosity【艺术借鉴】reference in art【艺术效果】effect of art【艺术性】artistic quality【艺术至上论】art eorart【《艺文类聚》】Yi Wen Lei Ju; Classified Excerptsfrom Ancient Writers; A Categorized Collection of Literary Writing【意识流】stream of consciousness【印象主义批评】impressionistic criticism【因材施教】individualized method ofinstruction; case by case【《永乐大典》】Yong Le Da Dian ; GreatEncyclopaedia of the Yongle Reign; The Great Encyclopaedia in the Reign of Emperor Yongle【用民族风格表现新的内容】presenting new ideological contentwith a national style 【语义重叠】multiple meaning【《喻世明言》】Illustrious Words to Instruct theWorld【寓教于乐】delight and instruction【寓言故事】fable【元曲】Yuan verse【元杂剧】Yuan-Dynasty zaju plays【原型批评】archetypal criticism【圆形人物】round character【鸳鸯蝴蝶派】Mandarin Duck and ButterflySchool; Love Birds and Butterfly School 【乐府】folk rhyme; folk songs and balladsin the Han style【《乐府诗集》】The Collection of Folk Songs andBallads in the Han Style【《岳阳楼记》】On Yueyang Tower【《阅微草堂笔记》】Jottings from the Thatched Abodeof Close ObservationsZ【杂剧】zaju (poetic drama set to music,flourishing in the Yuan Dynasty, usu. consisting of four acts called zhe, with a character having the singing role ineach zhe )【《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》】Talks at the Yan'an Forum ofLiterature and Art 【《再别康桥》】Saying Good-bye to Cambridge Again【《战国策》】Strategies of the Warring StatesPeriod;Intrigues of the Warring States【章回小说】Traditional Chinese novels (witheach chapter headed by a couplet givingthe list of its content)【《朝华夕拾》】Dawn Blossoms Plucked at Dusk【《浙西六家词》】The Ci Poetry by Six Poets fromthe Westen Part of Zhejiang Province 【真相大白的情节或场面】recognition plot or scene【侦探小说】detective story【正面人物】positive character【《正气歌》】A Song of the Moral Sense【政治标准】political criterion【政治和艺术的统一】unity of politics and art【政治小说】political novel【志怪小说】mythical stories【中国诗歌会】the China Poetry Society【《中国俗文学史》】History of Chinese PopularLiterature【《中国通俗小说书目》】A Bibliography of Popular ChineseFiction【《中国文学批评史》】History of Chinese LiteraryCriticism【中国文学艺术界联合会】All China Federation of Literaryand Art Circles【《中国小说史略》】A Short History of Chinese Fiction【中国左翼作家联盟】China League of Left-Wing Writers【中国作家协会】Association of Chinese Writers【中华全国文学工作者协会】All-China Federation of Writers【《中庸》】The Doctrine of the Mean【主情文学】literature of sensibility【主题明确】(with) a clear-cut theme【竹枝词】1. ancient folk songs with love astheir main theme2. occasional poems in the classical style devoted to local topics【《庄子》】Zhuang Zi; Book of Master Zhuang【《资治通鉴》】Comprehensive Mirror for AidGovernment【《子不语》】What the Master Would Not Talk of【《子夜》】Midnight【自我隐退的作者】self-eff【自叙体形式】ich-form【自由恋爱】free love【自由诗】free verse【姊妹篇】companion piece【《组织部来了个年轻人》】A Young Newcomer in theOrganization Department 【《醉翁亭记》】Record of the Old Tippler'sPavalion【《左传》】Zuo Zhuan; Zuo Commentary; MasterZuo's Spring and Autumn Annals 【作品基调】mood and ambience【作品评价】evaluation of literary works【作品欣赏】appreciation of literature works【《左传》】Zuo Zhuan; Zuo Commentary; MasterZuo's Spring and Autumn Annals 【作品基调】mood and ambience【作品评价】evaluation of literary works【作品欣赏】appreciation of literature works。
汉语小说英译
• 再如“土谷祠”被译为“Tugu Temple”,且没 有脚注和尾注,这样译文读者就无法理解 “Tugu Temple”到底为何种寺庙,杨译“the Tutelary God’s Temple”更准确地传递了原作的 文化内涵; • “没有动静”译为“there was no movement”显 得机械、生硬,因为“movement”是指“the act or an instance of moving; a change in place or position”仍是一个中性词;而杨译“nothing stirred”中“stir” 有“to take place; happen”或 “to change position slightly”之意,比译文二更 为地道生动。
汉语小说英译
关于风格
• 柏拉图从修辞学的角度研究风格, 他认为风格是 语言的特点, 是语言美,语文风格怎样, 要看心灵 的性格。 • 法国作家布封说:“风格就是其人。” 他认为风格 属于本人的行文特点, 是别人不能代替的。福楼 拜则说:“不但风格就是其人, 而且还是一个具体的 活生生、有血有肉的人。” • 英国著名作家斯威夫特则认为风格是“proper words in proper places” 。
把握风格的特点
• 第一, 作家的个性风格与作品的特色都具有外 在的表现形式, 这是客观存在的现象。 • 风格的显性语言标志是语音、词汇和语法, 这三 者是构成风格的基础。修辞特征也是风格的表现。 • 不同的作家运用语言的特征不一样,有的钟情长 句, 有的偏爱短句; 有的文字通俗; 有的文笔豪放, 有的文笔简练。
棋王
• 我第二天又去找老头儿,说我看不懂,他哈哈一笑,说 他先给我说一段儿,提个醒儿。他一开说,把我吓了一 跳。原来开宗明义,是讲男女的事儿,我说这是四旧。