北京科技大学考博英语题型分析
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:52
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan flagellates, flatworms, and segmented worms.问题1选项A.principalB.perceptiveC.primitiveD.persistent【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
rudimentary表示“基本的,退化的,未发展的”;A项principal“主要的,资本的”,B项perceptive“洞察力强的,思维敏捷的”,C项primitive“原始的,远古的”,D项persistent“执着的,坚持不懈的”。
句意:眼斑存在于原生动物鞭毛虫、扁虫和分节虫中,是未发展的眼睛。
根据句意可知,rudimentary在句子中表示“原始的,未进化的”意思,只有C项符合。
故该题选择C项正确。
2.单选题Those students who have made adequate preparations for the test will be better off.问题1选项A.more wealthytB.less successfultC.dismissed earliertD.favorably positioned【答案】D【解析】考查词语辨析。
主语是students (学生),根据句子语境推测better off表示“表现好,排名靠前”;A项wealthy“富有的”,它的比较级形式是wealthier;B项less successful“不太成功”,C项dismissed earlier“更早淘汰”,D项favorably positioned“很好的排名,排名靠前”。
句意:那些为考试做了充分准备的学生排名靠前。
根据句意可知D项正确。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第20期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Diesel engines provide excellent mileage, but they are relatively noisy and their acceleration is sluggish.问题1选项A.unevenB.loudC.slowD.hard【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
sluggish表示“萧条的,迟钝的”;A项uneven“不均匀的,不平坦的”,B 项loud“大声的,喧闹的”,C项slow“慢的,减速的”,D项hard“努力的,硬的”。
句意:柴油发动机提供优良的里程,但它们相对嘈杂,加速缓慢。
根据句意可知,sluggish在句子中表示“缓慢的”,四个选项中只有slow符合。
故该题选择C项正确。
2.单选题Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
toll表示“代价”;A项destruction“损害,破坏”,B项contribution“贡献”,C项charge“费用”,D项origin“起源,出身”。
句意:贫穷和卫生保健不足损害了社区的健康质量。
根据句意可知A项正确。
3.单选题It was()that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.assaultedD.ascribed【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项addict“使沉迷,使上瘾”,B项allege“宣称,断言”,C项assault“攻击,袭击”,D项ascribe“归因于,归咎于”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第81期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A membership card()the holder to use the club’s facilities for a period of twelve months.问题1选项A.approvesB.authorizesC.rectifiesD.endows【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项approve“同意,赞成”,B项authorize“授权,认可”,C项rectify“纠正,改正”,D项endow“赋予,捐赠”。
根据句子关键词membership card(会员卡)可知,空格部分表示“授权”,只有B项符合。
句意:持卡人有权使用俱乐部的设施12个月。
因此,该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题Experts said the amount of compensation for sick smokers would be reduced if cooler jurors prevailed.问题1选项A.resignedpromisedC.persistedD.dominated【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
prevail表示“盛行,流行,战胜”;A项resign“辞职,放弃”,B项compromise“妥协,和解”,C项persist“坚持”,D项dominate“占主导地位,支配,控制”。
句意:专家表示,如果冷酷的陪审员获胜,对生病吸烟者的赔偿金额将会减少。
根据句意可知,选择D项正确。
3.单选题The public attached great importance to the news that prices of housing would be brought under control.问题1选项A.joinedB.ascribedC.fastenedD.diverted【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:33
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The visiting professor was so()in his field that many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence.问题1选项A.imminentB.eminentC.precedentD.prudent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项imminent“即将来临的,迫近的”,B项eminent“杰出的,有名的”,C项precedent“在前的,在先的”,D项prudent“谨慎的,精明的”。
根据关键词visiting professor (客座教授)可知,空格部分应该修饰人,A、C选项排除;根据后面的从句many of our faculty members became nervous in his presence(许多教员一见到他就紧张起来)可知,D项不太符合句意,故B项正确。
句意:这位客座教授在他的领域内是如此的杰出,以至于我们的许多教员一见到他就紧张起来。
故该题选择B 项正确。
2.单选题This school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized().问题1选项A.presentationB.instructionC.convictionD.obligation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A项presentation“展示,描述”,B项instruction“指令,命令,教导”,C项conviction“定罪,确信”,D项obligation“义务,职责”;根据句子语境“这所学校承诺缩小班级规模,提供更个性化的……”可知,只有B项符合。
句意:这所学校承诺要缩小班级规模,提供更加个性化的教学。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第82期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries().问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。
A项both“两者都”,B项either“也,而且,两者之中的一个”;C项alike“相似地,同样地”,D项apart“相距,分离者”。
空格前面是由and连接的两个并列成分,那么空格处需要填入一个副词与之呼应;A项用于both…and…(两个都),所以排除;B项用于两者中的其中一个,B 项排除;句意:保护热带雨林的重要性日益为发展中国家和发达国家所重视。
根据句意可知D项不符句意,因此C项正确。
2.单选题This old man had trouble expressing the attachment he felt when arriving at his native town. 问题1选项A.hospitalityB.affectionC.appealD.frustration【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
attachment表示“附件,依恋”;A项hospitality“好客,殷勤”,B项affection“喜爱,感情”,C项appeal“呼吁,恳求”,D项frustration“挫折”。
句意:这位老人难以表达他到达家乡时的依恋之情。
根据句意可知B项正确。
3.单选题In those days, executive expected to spend most of their lives in the same firm and, unless they were dismissed for()to retire at the age of 65.问题1选项A.integrityB.denialC.incompetenceD.deduction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:13
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Global warming poses a threat to the earth, but humans can probably ease the climate threats brought on by rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global climate specialist Richard Alley told an audience at the University of Vermont, Alley said his research in Greenland suggested that subtle changes in atmospheric patterns leave parts of the globe susceptible to abrupt and dramatic climate shifts that can last decades or centuries. Almost all scientists agree that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere created as humans burn fossil fuel is warming the planet. How to respond to the warming is a matter of intense political, scientific and economic debate worldwide.Alley said he was upbeat about global warming because enough clever people existed in the world to find other reliable energy sources besides fossil fuels. He said people can get rich finding marketable alternatives to fossil fuel. “Wouldn’t it be useful if the United States were to have a piece of the action. Wouldn’t it be useful if some bright students from University of Vermont were to have a piece of the action,” Alley said.Alley said that Europe and parts of eastern North America could in a matter of a few years revert to a cold, windy region, like the weather in Siberia. Such shifts have occurred frequently over the millennia, Alley’s research shows. A gradual change in atmospheric temperature, such as global warming, could push the climate to a threshold where such a shift suddenly occurs, he said.Alley told his audience of about 200 people in a University of Vermont lecture hall Wednesday evening that he couldn’t predict if, when or where sudden shifts toward cold, heat, drought or water could occur under global warming, but it is something everyone should consider. “This is not the biggest problem in the world. The biggest problem in the world is getting along with each other. But it’s part of that because we’re not going to get along with each other if we’re not getting along with the planet,” Alley said.1. According to Alley the climate threats to the earth brought by global warming().2. Alley’s research shows that dramatic climate changes may be caused by().3. The word “upbeat” (in Paragraph 3) probably means().4. What does Alley suggest people do in order to reduce global warming?5. Alley predicts that global warming could turn Europe and parts of eastern North America into().问题1选项A.can be easedtB.can be endedtC.will become worsetD.will last for decadest问题2选项A.abrupt changes in atmospheric patternstB.subtle changes in atmospheric patternstC.humans’ burning of fossil fueltD.increasing levels of carbon dioxidet问题3选项A.pessimistictB.optimistictC.worriedtD.insensiblet问题4选项A.To find other energy sources besides fossil fuels.tB.To start a political, scientific and economic debate.tC.To take action to burn no fossil fuels.tD.To call on people worldwide to protect our earth.t问题5选项A.a region like SiberiatB.a warmer and warmer placetC.a tropical regiontD.a place like North Pole【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:37
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The detective and his assistant have begun to()the mysterious murder.问题1选项e throughB.look intoC.make overD.see to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项come through“经历,安然度过”,B项look into“调查,观察”,C项make over“转让,移交”,D项see to“注意,负责”。
根据前面的关键词detective and his assistant (侦探和他的助手),可猜测空格部分应该表示“调查”。
句意:侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。
故该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题There have been some speculations at times as to who will take over the company.问题1选项A.on occasionB.at presentC.by nowD.for sure【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。
at times表示“有时,偶尔”;A项on occasion“有时,偶尔”,B项at present“目前,现在”,C项by now“到目前为止”,D项for sure“确实,毫无疑问”。
句意:关于谁将接管公司,不时有一些猜测。
根据句意可知,选择A项正确。
3.单选题Poverty and i nadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community’s health.问题1选项A.destructionB.contributionC.chargeD.origin【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。
toll表示“代价”;A项destruction“损害,破坏”,B项contribution“贡献”,C项charge“费用”,D项origin“起源,出身”。
北京科技大学考博英语真题及其精解
北京科技大学考博英语真题及其精解1.The studies show that the driver who has consumed an amount of alcohol within the limit is likely to have an automobile accident than the driver who does not take any alcohol.A.not soB.not muchC.no lessD.no more2.If someone is dying of cancer and begging to be put out of his or her misery,and someone gives that person a deadly dose of morphine, that seems merciful criminal.A.neverthelessB.otherwiseC.or elseD.rather than3.When we arrived,he found the aged and the sick at home.A.none butB.none other thanC.nothing butD.no other than4.I hope all the precautions against air pollution,are suggested by the local government,will be seriously considered here.A.asB.whileC.afterD.since5.Most of is on American television are programs designed to appeal to people who go into the supermarkets and buy the products that are advertised on TV.A.whichB.thatC.whateverD.what6.To understand the situation completely requires more thought than thus far.A.has givenB.was givenC.being givenD.has been given7.Of great significance the nation-wide movement is the Geng duoyuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi Kampuchean people in their heroic struggle against the aggression of the Vietnamese.A.to supportB.for supportingC.supportingD.of supporting8.Many farmers came to the city,jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city.A.looking forB.to look forC.having looked forD.looked for9.It is requested that an applicant whose undergraduate work is done at another institution two copies of undergraduate transcripts and degrees directly to the dean of the graduate school.A.must sendB.sendC.are to sendD.need send10.You her in her office last Friday;she’s been out of town for two weeks.A.needn’t have seenB.might have seenC.must have seenD.can’t have seen答案解析:1.Dno more…than…“不比……更……”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第63期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Scientists maintain that feathers initially developed from insect scales.问题1选项A.surprisinglyB.originallyC.self-evidentlyD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。
initially表示“最初地”;A项surprisingly“惊人地,出人意料地”,B项originally“最初”,C项self-evidently“不言而喻地”,D项mostly“主要地,多半地”。
句意:科学家们认为,羽毛最初是由昆虫的鳞片进化而来的。
根据句意可知,该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题Ships passing on the high seas exchanged salutes by lowering and raising their flags once. 问题1选项rmation tB.ceremonies tC.greetings tD.privileges 【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
salute表示“敬礼,致敬”;A项information“信息”,B项ceremony“仪式,典礼”,C项greeting“招呼,问候”,D项privilege“特权”。
句意:在公海上经过的船只通过降旗和升旗互致敬礼。
根据句意可知,该题选择C项正确。
3.单选题I will tell Tom he is an adopted child, but I will do it in due course.问题1选项A.at proper timeB.of courseC.in my own wayD.sooner or later【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。
in due course表示“在适当的时候,及时”;A项at proper time“在适当的时候”,B项of course“当然”,C项in my own way“以我自己的方式”,D项sooner or later“迟早,早晚”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第33期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I will tell Tom he is an adopted child, but I will do it in due course.问题1选项A.at proper timeB.of courseC.in my own wayD.sooner or later【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。
in due course表示“在适当的时候,及时”;A项at proper time“在适当的时候”,B项of course“当然”,C项in my own way“以我自己的方式”,D项sooner or later“迟早,早晚”。
句意:我会告诉汤姆他是收养的孩子,但我会在适当的时候告诉他。
根据句意可知,该题选择A项正确。
2.单选题The official said the developed countries had a responsibility to foster global economic growth.问题1选项A.affectB.help to developC.upsetD.acquire【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
foster表示“促进,抚育”;A项affect“影响”,B项help to develop“帮助发展”,C项upset“使心烦,颠覆”,D项acquire“获得”。
句意:这位官员表示,发达国家有责任促进全球经济增长。
根据句意可知,foster在句中表示“促进发展”;该题选择B项正确。
3.单选题This patient’s life could be saved only by a major operation. That would()her to a high risk.问题1选项A.exposeB.leadC.contributeD.send【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
北京科技大学考博英语真题及其解析
北京科技大学考博英语真题及其解析SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) As former colonists of Great Britain,the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain.We have a“common law”,or law made by courts1a monarch or other central governmental2like a legislature.The jury,a3of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case,is an4part of our common-law system.Use of juries to decide cases is a5feature of the American legal system.Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States.6the centuries,many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result7would be obtained using a judge8,as many countries do.9a jury decides cases after “10”,or discussions among a group of people,the jury’s decision is likely to have the11from many different people from different backgrounds,who must as a group decide what is right.Geng duo yuan xiao zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi.Juries are used in both civil cases,which decide12among13 citizens,and criminal cases,which decide cases brought by the government14that individuals have committed crimes.Juries areselected from the U.S.citizens and15.Jurors,consisting of16 numbers,are called for each case requiring a jury.The judge17to the case18the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case.In some states,19jurors are questioned by the judge;in others,they are questioned by the lawyers representing the20under rules dictated by state law.1.[A]other than[B]rather than[C]more than[D]or rather2.[A]agency[B]organization[C]institution[D]authority3.[A]panel[B]crew[C]band[D]flock4.[A]innate[B]intact[C]integral[D]integrated5.[A]discriminating[B]distinguishing[C]determining[D]diminishing6.[A]In[B]By[C]After[D]Over7.[A]that[B]which[C]than[D]as8.[A]alike[B]alone[C]altogether[D]apart9.[A]Although[B]Because[C]If[D]While10.[A]deliberations[B]meditations[C]reflections[D]speculations11.[A]outline[B]outcome[C]input[D]intake12.[A]arguments[B]controversies[C]disputes[D]hostilities13.[A]fellow[B]individual[C]personal[D]private14.[A]asserting[B]alleging[C]maintaining[D]testifying15.[A]summoned[B]evoked[C]rallied[D]assembled16.[A]set[B]exact[C]given[D]placed17.[A]allocated[B]allotted[C]appointed[D]assigned18.[A]administers[B]manages[C]oversees[D]presides19.[A]inspective[B]irrespective[C]perspective[D]prospective20.[A]bodies[B]parties[C]sides[D]unitsSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40points)Text OneIt’s plain common sense—the more happiness you feel,the less unhappiness you experience.It’s plain common sense,but it’s not true.Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion.They are two distinct feelings that,coexisting,rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness,the lower their level of happiness and vice versa.But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness,they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life.It suggests,for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable,but probably won’t make you any happier.Thatadvice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families.On the other hand,researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage.The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being.They have also begun to find out who’s happy,who isn’t and why.To date,the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life,but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment?When we are happy,we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad.This doesn’t mean,however,that some people are born to be sad and that’s that.Genes may predispose one to unhappiness,but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.21.According to the text,it is true that[A]unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.[B]happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.[C]unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.[D]happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.22.The author argues that one can achieve happiness by[A]maintaining it at an average level.[B]escaping miserable occurrences in life.[C]pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.[D]realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.23.The phrase“To date”(Para.4)can be best replaced by[A]As a result.[B]In addition.[C]At present.[D]Until now.24.What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?[A]One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.[B]They are independent but existing concurrently[C]One feels happy by participating in more activities.[D]They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.25.The sentence“That’s that”(Para.5)probably means:Some people are born to be sad[A]and the situation cannot be altered.[B]and happiness remains inaccessible.[C]but they don’t think much about it.[D]but they remain unconscious of it.Text TwoWhat are the characteristics of a mediator?Foremost,the mediator needs to be seen as a respected neutral,objective thirdparty who is capable of weighing out fairness in the resolution of a conflict.The mediator must be trusted by both parties to come up with a solution that will protect them from shame.While the central issue is justice,the outcome needs to be win-win,no losers.The abilities to listen impartially,suspend judgment,and accurately gather and assess information are other important characteristics. Finally,to function effectively the mediator must have power (financial,status,position),so that both parties will take seriously and abide by the mediator’s judgment.If one party refused to cooperate,he or she should fear the possibility of being shamed and losing face before the mediator and the whole community.If that real possibility does not enter the minds of both parties,the mediator will be ineffective.In several countries mediators are still used to find a bride for a ually this is a job for the parents,and they in turn employ the services of a mediator.Because this event takes much planning, the parents will try to identify the mediator well in advance.Since these services sometimes require reward,money must be saved.Or in some cases parents try to do a number of favors for the mediator so that he or she will feel indebtedness and perform the service as a kind of repayment.The parents will try to get the most influential mediator possible, to boost their chances of being approved by the potential bride’s parents.The young woman’s parents will not want to risk shame byturning down a request from such an important person—so the reasoning goes.Of course,the higher-ranked the mediator,the higher the cost of the services.Complicating the process is the fact that turning down the mediator is also a slight of the potential groom and his parents,which will likely generate conflict between the families.If the parties are not careful,the entire community can take sides.One way to alleviate this eventuality is for the young woman’s family to identify a flaw that would make her a less desirable prospect.They might say,“She is sickly.”or“She may not be able to bear children.”Although none of these statements may be true,and probably everyone knows they aren’t,they do provide a way for the young man’s parents to withdraw their request for a perfectly legitimate reason.Everyone saves face,at least at the surface,and peace is preserved.26.The characteristics of a mediator include all of the following except[A]unbiased judgment of arguments.[B]hard prudence in decision-making.[C]impartial treatment to a conflict.[D]remarkable insight into controversies.27.The author deems it important for a mediator[A]to be quite wealthy and considerate.[B]to be powerful to shame either party.[C]to justify the solution of a conflict.[D]to have high status to fear arguers.28.In some courtiers,young people’s marriage[A]is independent of their parents’will.[B]needs careful valuation in advance.[C]costs a small fortune of their family.[D]is usually facilitated by a mediator.29.The request of the groom’s parents may be turned down unless[A]they manage to hire a qualified mediator.[B]they make their best choice at all risks.[C]the young woman’s parents want to lose face.D]the bride’s parents dare to offend the mediator.30.It may be the best way to resolve a conflict for[A]the entire community to offer support.[B]a mediator to be identified by both sides.[C]the outcome of mediation to be acceptable.[D]a valid excuse to spare both sides’blushes.Text ThreeThe Internet,like its network predecessors,has turned out to be far more social than television,and in this respect,the impact of the Internet may be more like that of the telephone than of TV. Our research has shown that interpersonal communication is the dominant use of the Internet at home.That people use the Internet mainly for interpersonal communication,however,does not imply thattheir social interactions and relationships on the Internet are the same as their traditional social interactions and relationships,or that their social uses of the Internet will have effects comparable to traditional social activity.Whether social uses of the Internet have positive or negative effects may depend on how the Internet shapes the balance of strong and weak network ties that people maintain.Strong ties are relationships associated with frequent contact,deep feelings of affection and obligation,whereas weak ties are relationships with superficial and easily broken bonds,infrequent contact,and narrow focus.Strong and weak ties alike provide people with social support. Weak ties including weak online ties,are especially useful for linking people to information and social resources unavailable in people’s closest,local groups.Nonetheless,strong social ties are the relationships that generally buffer people from life’s stresses and that lead to better social and psychological outcomes.People receive most of their social support from people with whom they are in most frequent contact,and bigger favors come from those with stronger ties.Generally,strong personal ties are supported by physical proximity.The Internet potentially reduces the importance of physical proximity in creating and maintaining networks of strong social ties.Unlike face-to-face interaction or even the telephone, the Internet offers opportunities for social interactions that do notdepend on the distance between parties.People often use the Internet to keep up with those with whom they have preexisting relationships. But they also develop new relationships on-line.Most of these new relationships are weak.MUDs,newsgroups,and chat rooms put people in contact with a pool of new groups,but these on-line“mixers”are typically organized around specific topics,or activities,and rarely revolve around local community and close family and friends.Whether a typical relationship developed on-line becomes as strong as a typical traditional relationship and whether having on-line relationships changes the number or quality of a person’s total social involvements are open questions.Empirical evidence about the impact of the Internet on relationships and social involvement is sparse.Many authors have debated whether the Internet will promote community or undercut it.Much of this discussion has been speculative and anecdotal,or is based on cross-sectional data with small samples.31.The text is mainly about[A]the dominance of interpersonal communication.[B]strong and weak personal ties over the Internet.[C]the difference between old and modern relationships.[D]an empirical research on the Internet and its impact.32.It is implied in the text that[A]the Internet interactions can rival traditional ones.[B]television is inferior to telephone in social effect.[C]strong links are far more valid than weak ones.[D]the Internet features every home and community.33.The word“buffer”(Para.2)can probably be replaced by[A]deviate.[B]alleviate.[C]shield.[D]distract.34.According to the author,the Internet can[A]eliminate the hindrance of the distance.[B]weaken the intimate feelings among people.[C]provide people with close physical contacts.[D]enhance our ability to remove social stresses.35.From the text we can infer that[A]the evidence for the effect of the Internet seems abundant.[B]the social impact of the Internet has been barely studied enough.[C]some discussions are conclusive about the function of the Internet.[D]random samples have witnessed the positive influence of the Internet.Text FourLeadership is hardly a new area of research,of course.For years, academics have debated whether leaders are born or made,whether a person who lacks charisma(capacity to inspire devotion and enthusiasm)can become a leader,and what makes leaders fail.Warren G.Bennis,possibly the possibly the world’s foremost expert on leading,has,together with his co-author,written two best-sellerson the topic.Generally,researchers have found that you can’t explain leadership by way of intelligence,birth order,family wealth or stability,level of education,race,or sex.From one leader to the next,there’s enormous variance in every one of those factors.The authors’research led to a new and telling discovery:that every leader,regardless of age,had undergone at least one intense, transformational experience—what the authors call a“crucible”(severe test).These events can either make you or break you.For emerging leaders,they do more making than breaking,providing key lessons to help a person move ahead confidently.If a crucible helps a person to become leader,there are four essential qualities that allow someone to remain one,according to the authors.They are:an“adaptive capacity”that lets people not only survive inevitable setbacks,heartbreaks,and difficulties but also learn from them;an ability to engage others through shared meaning or a common vision;a distinctive and compelling voice that communicates one’s conviction and desire to do the right thing;and a sense of integrity that allows a leader to distinguish between good and evil.That sounds obvious enough to be commonplace,until you look at some recent failures that show how valid these dictums(formal statements of opinion)are.The authors believe that former Coca-Cola Co.Chairman M.Douglas Ivester lasted just28months because“his grasp of context was sorrowful.”Among other things,Ivesterdegraded Coke’s highest-ranking African-American even as the company was losing a$200million class action brought by black employees.Procter&Gamble Co.ex-CEO Durk Jager lost his job because he failed to communicate the urgent need for the sweeping changes he was making.It’s striking,too,that the authors found their geezers(whose formative period,as the authors define them,was1945to1954,and who were shaped by World War II)sharing what they believed to be a critical trait—the sense of possibility and wonder more often associated with childhood.“Unlike those defeated by time and age,our geezers have remained much like our geeks (who came of age between1991and2000,and grew up“virtual,visual, and digital”)—open,willing to take risks,hungry for knowledge and experience,courageous,and eager to see what the new day brings”, the authors write.36.The text indicates that leadership research[A]has been a controversial study for years.[B]predicts how a leader comes to be.[C]defines the likelihood to be a leader.[D]probes the mysteries of leadership.37.According to Bennis,the trait shared by leaders consists of[A]top levels of intelligence and education and devotion.[B]remarkable ability to encourage people with loyalty and hope.[C]striking qualities of going through serious trials andsufferings.[D]strong personalities that arouse admiration and confidence.38.The favorable effect of a crucible depends on whether a leader[A]proves himself/herself to be a newly emergent one.[B]accepts it as a useful experience for progress.[C]shrinks back from tiring and trying experiences.[D]draws important lessons for his/her followers.39.A leader can hardly maintain his/her position unless he/she[A]fulfils all necessary quality requirements.[B]helps people to prevent defeats and sorrows.[C]fails to attract people with common concerns.[D]lacks appealing and strength of character.40.The authors’dictums can be justified by the fact that[A]Douglas Ivester defeated a highest-ranking black employee in a suit.[B]Durk Jager was dismissed owing to his poor communicating ability.[C]Geezers couldn’t erase the brands stamped in childhood.[D]Geeks are sensible enough to meet dangers and challenges.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)[A]Physical Changes[B]Low Self-Esteem[C]Emerging Independence and Search for Identity[D]Emotional Turbulence[E]Interest in the Opposite Sex[F]Peer Pressure and ConformityThe transition to adulthood is difficult.Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence—typically between the ages of9and 13—and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them.Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of communication and preparing for change before it occurs.The main issues that arise during adolescence are:(41)__________A child’s self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them,that they’re not as good as other people,that they are failures, losers,ugly or unintelligent.(42)__________Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is common among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great,it may cause them to become shy or very easily embarrassed.In other cases,teens may act the opposite—loudand angry—in an effort to compensate for feelings ofself-consciousness and inferiority.As alarming as these bodily changes can be,adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their te maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.(43)__________Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence.Fears become more frightening,pleasures become more exciting,irritations become more distressing and frustrations become more intolerable.Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence.Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may become seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often,the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior.Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help.They include repeated school absences,slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances,hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness.(44)__________There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers.This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles;it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.(45)__________Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents.This tension is a normal part of growing up—and for parents,a normal part of the letting-go process.Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs.This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs.Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents,discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents,awareness and communication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.Like most ailments,it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse.Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life:when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people,when and how to give tips,how to makepurchases,when to accept and when to refuse invitations,when to take statements seriously and when not.46)These cues,which may be words, gestures,facial expressions,customs,or norms,are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept.47)All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture,all or most of these familiar cues are removed.He or she is like a fish out of water.48)No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be,a series of props(支柱)have been knocked from under you,followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety.People react to the frustration in much the same way.First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.“The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.”49)When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people,you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.Another phase of culture shock is regression.The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance.To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified.All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered.It usually takes trip home to bring one back to reality.Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them.Although not common,there are individuals who cannotlive in foreign countries.Those who have seen people go through a serious case of culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process.During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new.They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners.This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months depending on circumstances.50)If one is a very important person he or she will be taken to the show places,will be pampered and petted,and in a press interview will speak glowingly about progress,goodwill,and international friendship.If he returns home may well write a book about his pleasant if superficial experience abroad.SectionⅢWriting51.Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay to1)describe the drawing,2)deduce the purpose of the painter of the drawing,and3)suggest counter-measures.You should write about160—200words neatly ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)答案详解:Section I答案及解析答案详解1.【解析】[B]逻辑衔接题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:50
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Wheat yield in Europe is highly sensitive to natural variability in temperature and rainfall. In these simulations, climate change alone by 2050 results in significant increases in yield under both scenarios only in three northern European countries. But adding estimated effects of higher CO2 concentrations on plant growth increases that yields considerably, with yield increases now being significant in all of the ten countries included in the study. Whether such increases due to higher CO2 concentration would actually be realized is uncertain, because of problems in extrapolating from idealized laboratory and modeling results to field conditions.The clear message of this work is that greater efforts are needed to take account of the “noise” of natural climate variability when considering the “signal” of climate change. In particular, care must be taken in interpreting the results of impact assessments, especially those which use climate simulations over short periods only.Much more remains to be done. For example, the use of simulated monthly climate data by Hulme et al, even when interpolated to daily data by statistical methods, leaves open the possibility of systematic changes in day-to-day variability and extremes due to climate change. These could well dominate the effects of climate change on both river flow and wheat yield. Taking them into account will require the analysis of daily output from the climate models, especially at fine spatial resolution.More importantly, in understanding the message from Hulme et al, we need to distinguish between confidence levels used for the detectability of simulated or real impacts due to climate change, and those needed to decide if the information about possible future impacts is useful for decision-makers. Detectability, used as evidence of climate change, arguably requires a high level of confidence, say, at the 95% or 99% level. On the other hand, if we take it as a given that climate change is occurring, and we are seeking useful advice as to what the consequences might be, a lower level of confidence may suffice.Studies of the length of a data set is necessary to detect a real change in the mean against a background of variability, for example for detection of trends in total ozone or river flow, indicate that even if the change is real, it may need to have happened for decades before it can be shown statistically to have occurred. In cases such as estimation of flood frequency and of the occurrence of moisture stress in crops, what is needed to identify futur e “dangerous” levels of climate change, or to plan adaptation measures, is an estimate of changes in the probability of such effects before they happen.1. According to the study, high wheat yields in Europe most significantly need().2. A high level of confidence is needed when we().3. To identify the possible future impacts of climate change, scientists().4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? 问题1选项A.higher temperaturetB.heavy rainfalltC.higher CO2 concentrationstD.natural climate changet问题2选项A.take it as a given that climate change is occurringte “detectability” as an evidence of climate changetC.decide if the information is useful for decision-makerstD.estimate the scope of wheat yields increasest问题3选项A.only need an idealized laboratorytB.may spend years to obtain and analyze valid statistical evidencetC.plan adaptation measures after the change occurstD.set new climate modelst问题4选项A.Ways of improving Wheat Yields in EuropetB.Climate Change and Wheat YieldstC.Statistical Evidence of Climate ChangetD.Simulated Experiments on River Flowt问题5选项A.It is important to detect trends in total ozone or river flow.tB.It takes decades to detect climate change statistically.tC.What is more important is to plan adaptation measures against bad effects of climate change.tD.Wheat yield is closely related to climate.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:51
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The meeting was()over by the mayor to discuss the tax raise in the city.问题1选项A.presumedB.propelledC.presidedD.pricked【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项presume“相信,擅自行为”,B项propel“推进,驱使”,C项preside“主持”,D项prick“戳,扎破”。
根据空格前后的关键词meeting(会议)和mayor(市长)可知,空格部分应该表示“主持会议”。
句意:会议由市长主持,讨论该市的增税问题。
故该题选择C项正确。
2.单选题It was()that the restaurant discriminated against black customers.问题1选项A.addictedB.allegedC.assaultedD.ascribed 【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项addict“使沉迷,使上瘾”,B项allege“宣称,断言”,C项assault“攻击,袭击”,D项ascribe“归因于,归咎于”。
根据后面的句子the restaurant discriminated against black customers(这家餐馆歧视黑人顾客),结合前面的it be…that句型,空格部分应该表示“据说,据宣称”。
句意:据说那家餐馆歧视黑人顾客。
故该题选择B项正确。
3.单选题Tom is sick of city life, so he buys some land in Alaska, as far from()as possible.问题1选项A.humidityB.humanityC.harmonyD.honesty【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第28期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A high official is likely to win respect and trust if he can stick to his principles.问题1选项A.turn toB.add toC.keep toD.lead to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。
Stick to表示“坚持”;A项turn to“转向,变成”,B项add to“加入,加到”,C项keep to“坚持,遵守”,D项lead to“导致”。
句意:一个高级官员如果能坚持自己的原则,就很可能赢得尊重和信任。
根据句意可知C项正确。
2.单选题Oil companies in the U.S. are already beginning to feel the pressure as a result of which refinery workers and petroleum-equipment-manufacturing employees are being().问题1选项id outid offid downid aside【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项lay out“展示,安排”,B项lay off“解雇,休息”,C项lay down“放下,制定”,D项lay aside“搁置,储蓄”。
根据句子关键词workers(工人)和employees(雇员)可猜测,空格部分表示“解雇”,因此四个选项中只有B项符合。
句意:美国的石油公司已经开始感受到压力,因为炼油工人和石油设备制造员工正在被裁员。
因此,该题选择B项正确。
3.单选题The importance of protecting rainforests from human invasion is increasingly realized by developing and developed countries().问题1选项A.bothB.eitherC.alikeD.apart【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:79
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Strangely enough, an old man()me and introduced himself, who turned out to be a friend of my father’s.问题1选项A.stood up toB.walked up toC.lived up toD.added up to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项stand up to“经得起,抵抗”,B项walk up to“走近,走向”,C项live up to“不辜负,做到”,D项add up to“合计达,总共达”;根据空格前后关键词an old man(老人)和introduce himself(介绍他自己)可推断,空格部分表示“向我走进”。
句意:奇怪的是,一个老人走到我面前并做了自我介绍,原来是我父亲的朋友。
因此,该题选择B项正确。
2.单选题The city was virtually paralyzed by the transit strike for better wages.问题1选项A.subjectivelyB.imaginablyC.positivelyD.practically【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。
Virtually表示“事实上,几乎”;A项subjectively“主观地,臆想地”,B 项imaginably“可想象地”,C项positively“积极地”,D项practically“实际上,几乎”。
句意:因为公交车司机要求涨薪的大罢工,这座城市陷入瘫痪。
根据句意可知D项正确。
3.单选题An allergy results when the body reacts adversely to certain substances introduced to it.问题1选项A.negatively tB.spontaneously tC.purposefully tD.immediately【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:87
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Without clear guidelines(), executives of hospitals are sometimes at a loss about what to do.问题1选项A.in orderB.in placeC.in needD.in trouble【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
A项in order“整齐,秩序井然”,B项in place“适当,在恰当的位置”,C 项in need“在危难中,在穷困中”,D项in trouble表示“处于不幸中”。
句意:在没有明确的指导方针的情况下,医院的管理人员有时会不知所措。
因此B项正确。
2.单选题An allergy results when the body reacts adversely to certain substances introduced to it.问题1选项A.negatively tB.spontaneously tC.purposefully tD.immediately【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。
adversely表示“不利地,反对地”;A项negatively“消极地,否定地”,B 项spontaneously“自发地,自然地”,C项purposefully“有目的地,自觉地”,D项immediately“立即,立刻”。
句意:当身体对某些物质产生不良反应时,过敏就会产生。
根据句意可知,只有A选项能够表达“不好,不良”的意思,该题选择A项正确。
3.单选题Patients are expected to comply with doctors’ instructions for quick recovery.问题1选项A.improve onB.abide byC.draw uponD.reflect on【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:7
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Many children often()why airplanes can fly like birds while we humans cannot.问题1选项A.assumeB.anticipateC.assureD.wonder【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项assume“假定,认为”,B项anticipate“预料,期盼”,C项assure“保证,担保”,D项wonder“想知道,感到疑惑”;根据空格后面的疑问副词why可推断,句子部分表示“想知道”。
句意:许多孩子常常想知道为什么飞机能像鸟一样飞,而我们人类却不能。
因此,该题选择D项正确。
2.单选题The prospect of increased prices has already()worries.问题1选项A.provokedB.irritatedC.inspiredD.hoisted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
A项provoke“引起,挑起,煽动”,B项irritate“使兴奋,激怒”,C项inspire“激发,鼓舞”,D项hoist“升起,举起”。
根据空格前后关键词prospect of increased prices (价格上升的前景)和worries(担忧)可知,空格部分表示“引起”。
句意:价格上涨的前景已经引发了担忧。
故该题选择A项正确。
3.单选题Changing the computer system would entail substantial periods of retraining.问题1选项A.withholdB.extendC.overtakeD.impose【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
entail表示“使需要,承担,引起”;A项withhold“保留,隐瞒”,B项extend“延伸,扩大”,C项overtake“改善,压倒”,D项impose“利用,强加”。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第87期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题A report published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power disaster. The report was published by the UK Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out. Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source—exhaust fumes (烟气). Also don’t walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward side of the street where exposure to pollutants can be 50 percent less than on the downwind side.Sitting on the driver’s side of a bus can increa se your exposure by 10 percent, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tends to be, less toxic than that at street level, because underground pollution is mostly made up of tiny iron particles thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants. When you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme cold or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.1. What is the passage mainly about?2. According to the report, air pollution in big cities().3. When you walk in a busy street, you should walk on the side().4. If you take a bus in a big city in China, you should sit().5. It is implied in the passage that().问题1选项A.How to fight air pollution in big cities.tB.How to avoid air pollution in big cities.tC.How to breathe fresh air in big cities.tD.How serious air pollution is in big cities.t问题2选项A.can be more serious than Chermobyl nuclear disastertB.cannot be compared with the disaster in ChermobyltC.can release as damaging radiation as the Chermobyl disastertD.can be more serious than we used to thinkt问题3选项A.where the wind is comingtB.where the wind is goingtC.where the wind is weakertD.where the wind is strongert问题4选项A.on the left side in the bustB.on the right side in the bustC.in the middle of the bustD.at the back of the bust问题5选项A.people should not take street level transportationtB.tiny iron particles will not cause health problemstC.air pollution on an underground train is less poisonoustD.traveling on an underground train is better than taking the bus【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:63
2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when a previous record or performance is surpassed.问题1选项A.exceeded tB.matched tC.maintained tD.announced【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
surpass表示“超越,胜过”;A项exceed“超过”,B项match“相配,比得上”,C项maintain“维持,主张”,D项announce“宣布”。
句意:在奥运会上,当以前的记录或成绩被超越时,总是令人激动不已。
根据句意可知,该题选择A项正确。
2.单选题The bill was passed unanimously as a result of the intensive lobbying of some senators.问题1选项A.without any objectionsB.in the ultimateC.in the backgroundtD.against heavy odds【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。
unanimously表示“全体一致地”;A项without any objections“没有任何异议”,B项in the ultimate“终于”,C项in the background“在后面,在幕后”,D项against heavy odds“敌众我寡”。
句意:由于一些参议员的大力游说,这项法案获得一致通过。
根据句意可知,“一致”相当于“没有任何异议”,故该题选择A项正确。
3.单选题An allergy results when the body reacts adversely to certain substances introduced to it.问题1选项A.negatively tB.spontaneously tC.purposefully tD.immediately【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。
北京科技大学考博英语完形填空解析
北京科技大学考博英语完形填空解析Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numberedblank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have__1___thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseasescompared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditionsfor which being overweight is actually___2___.For example,heavierwomen are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.___3___among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an___4___of good health.Of even greater___5___is the fact that obesity turns out to bevery difficult to define.It is often defined___6___body mass index,or BMI.BMI___7__body mass divided by the square of height.An adultwith a BMI of18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity,___8___,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,andvery severely obese.(PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity isprobably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with ahigh BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may bein poor11.For example,many collegiate and professional footballplayers12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13BMI.Today we have a(an)_14_to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes_16_with obesity include laziness,lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in of7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in part9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D] straightforward10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSection II Reading Comprehension答案:1(concluded)2(protective)3(likewise)4(indicator)5(concern) 6(in terms of)7(equals)8(inturn)9(straightforward)10(while)11(shape)12(quality)13(normal)14(tendency)15(pictured)16(associated)17(Even)18(grounded)19(policies)20(against)本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。
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2015北京科技大学考博英语历年真题一、招考介绍从整体上看,由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大,对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高,特别是听、说能力。
攻读博士学位的学生,一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力,另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。
二、北京科技大学考博英语题型Part1:词汇20题10分;Part2:完型20题10分;Part3:阅读理解5篇25题40分(四篇常规阅读20题30分,一篇用英语解释原文句子5题10分);Part4:翻译20分(英译汉10分,汉译英10分);Part5:作文20分;三、考博英语必备参考书育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。
在当当网,亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售,也可以联系我们直接购买。
四、联系导师在初步定好考博学校之后,就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系,询问是否有招生名额,能否报考,这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。
大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。
因为太早,学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定,报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额;太晚的话,怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。
一般情况下,导师对一个学生很中意的话,后来联系的学生,导师一般也不会答应其报考了。
在此说点题外话,联系导师的过程中,如果读研期间的导师有关系,可以尽量利用。
如果没有,也没关系,凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的,这就要看自己了。
通常跟导师初次联系,都是发邮件。
导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种:(1)、欢迎报考。
这种答复最笼统,说明不了问题。
我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通,看看具体的进展,避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
(2)、名额有限,可以报考,但有竞争。
很多人说这样的回复不满意,认为希望很小一般会被刷。
其实这样还是比较好的一种回答,最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己,考的好就可以上。
(3)、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关,欢迎报考什么的话。
不可否认,这是最好的情况,你可以放心的去考,一般不会出问题的。
但不排除偶然,像出现直博和本学校的硕转博名额问题,可能会给我们的报考和录取产生影响。
总之考博凭的是实力和自身的本事,关系只是占一部分,自己努力了就行,不用过分纠结于导师回复有没有啥隐含意思的。
初次联系好导师后,一定要注意跟导师保持联系。
每半个月或者一个月向导师汇报一下学习情况或者复习情况,交流一下科研方向,这很有必要。
一方面让导师觉得你很想去跟他深造,另一方面显得你虔诚好学。
五、听力答题技巧1、卷子发下来后快速的浏览一遍,包括题干和答案。
这样会大大提高你对听力的理解---知道它是讲什么内容,大概是怎么回事。
联系我们扣扣:四一六九二五五五九。
电话:四零零六六八六九七八。
扣扣群:一零五六一九八二零。
2、没听懂的题目,就放弃它,千万不要在听下道题的时候还在想上道题。
这样会引起头脑的混乱。
3、相信第一感觉,听力部分不是非常确凿的感觉的话不要改动开始的答案。
人的大脑有时候会混淆的。
因此很多情况下不是你选错了,而是改错了。
因此轻易别选,但是选了之后轻易别改。
(1)提炼选项中的重要信息考生务必先看选项。
当录音人开始宣读Directions时,考生应充分利用这段时间速读选项,预测考点,从而做到心中有数。
通过先看选项,可以明确题目多方面的信息。
(2)掌握节奏合理安排时间可能没有哪种考试对时间安排的要求比听力考试还要苛刻。
“录音不等人”,所以很多考生答题时都很紧张。
其实,听力考试每分钟阅读的字数和停顿时间有严格限制:约每分钟140词,每个问题后有约15秒停顿。
拍子已经固定,我们要做的是跟上节奏,过分的紧张只会造成混乱,直接影响发挥。
答题时,考生切勿在某一题上花费过多的时间(一般少于10秒/题),剩余的时间用于阅读下一题的选项和大胆猜测考点。
一旦没有听懂就根据已经掌握的信息迅速猜一个答案,马上进入下一题的节奏。
千万不可拖泥带水,否则破坏了节奏,可能造成随后的简单题目失分。
答案选定后可放松一口气,然后尽可能多看下一题乃至两题的选项。
(3)听力是一种Paraphrase考试Paraphrase就是运用同类词语的替换或句型的变换解释句或段的意义。
听力考试多数时候是一种paraphrase考试,它往往考的不是考生是否听见,而是考考生是否听懂。
把命题中的对话和段落原封不动地照搬到答案里,等着考生把它挑出来,在考博听力考试中这种题型几乎找不到。
绝大多数题目,要求考生把听到的原文进行变换和归纳,对应到选项中。
如此一来,我们不光得竖起耳朵听,还得开动脑筋想。
这就造成有的考生听懂了原文的每个字,却选不出答案。
要避免这种情况,请注意正确答案的固定特征:(4)听懂语调和重音英语和汉语一样,说话人通过各种各样的语调和重音的变化表达不同的意思。
考博听力中,专业的录音人更是力求表演得真实,他们绝不会用平淡的语调表示自己的惊讶,也绝不会把重音放在无关紧要的词上。
重读的每一处都具有提示作用。
因而,从录音人的表现中就能推测出人物的心理活动、观点和态度。
重音和语调是最为重要的线索。
辨认录音人语调中的信息在听力考试中比听懂单个词更重要。
(5)针对题型逐个演练不管是对话还是文段,听力考试的提问可分主题题型、细节题型、推断题型和语言点题型四大类。
我们可以在平时的练习中有意识的总结做题的方法和技巧。
六、阅读理解的解题技巧其实考博阅读的技巧是有针对性的,看整篇文章就是为了弄清文章的框架,具体的问题我们可以不管,但文章的层次必须弄清楚。
只有弄清了文章的层次,具体的问题才好归类,结合课后问题才能快速定位问题答案。
另外我发现考博的题目基本都围绕在文章的各层次主干上,细枝末节上基本没有涉题,于是就会发现,原文几百字的文章,真正需要了解的只有主干的几十字而已,其余的东西都可省。
当我们划去冗余,就会发现几十字的文章骨架基本覆盖所有的问题。
可见,对于考博阅读,若要高效正确的征服,必须学会快速分析文章的主干。
这就是基于逻辑的阅读,上升到理论层面的阅读模式。
下面进行具体分析:(1)主旨在英语阅读中要弄清楚层次,个人以为要弄清文章主旨,段落中心以及段落内部的次中心,这些在一些文章主旨题和一些细节题上很受用。
常规的文章主旨都会有其固定的出现地点:首段末尾处、第二段的开头和最后一段。
当然也有非常规的情况,这就需要靠自己的能力去寻找。
找主旨需要慢慢训练,常规的、非常规的文章都能通过真题并结合后面的专家解析,这样能力就能够很快地提升。
(2)常规文章行文逻辑本文中一直的强调要重视文章逻辑,那么,一般的都有哪些逻辑呢?通过一般归纳总结,大致可以得到四个逻辑框架。
这些框架特别有助于理解文章的总体内容,阅读过程按框架有重点地跳读,辨明逻辑主线,在把握文章重点、段落中心和段内次中心基础上,会有很好的效果。
也许,在做考博阅读之初,很多平日里有扎实功底的同学也会出现全军覆没的局面,出现这种情况,并不一定是英语词汇有巨大的缺知,而可能是逻辑上出现混乱。
现在将框架简单介绍如下:框架1:提出问题——分析问题——解决问题框架2:叙述现象——分析现象——结论框架3:提出观点——支持or反驳该观点——重申观点框架4:两种东西对比——分项对比——总体对照在阅读中要有意识的将文章归类分析,弄清逻辑,以上列出的是主干,还需进一步分析到枝叶,这样才能达到层次清晰的程度。
到段落级别,文章中心也容易辨出,多数文章中心在首末,少数会出现在段中。
于是在理解阅读文章的时候,在定位完毕后尽量将重点阅读范围扩大多句,观察所在句子在段落中的地位和在全文的地位。
一般情况,较接近的段中心和段落次中心往往就是正确答案,当然在最终填写答案的时候还是细细分析更为可靠。
(3)暗含答案的重点位置所谓文章重点就是阅读文章时得特别关注的地方,也是我们在浏览文章时眼界的着力点。
在考博阅读中,出题点一般都是文章中较为重要的地方,常见的有段落的中心和次中心;对于非中心,考博文章一般不会考察。
这是博士研究生入学考试的选拔性和阅读科技论文实用性所决定的。
上述的逻辑对于宏观题基本可以一网打尽,但对于微观题,我们必须通过重点位置的提示来解决。
下面通过一些分析和重点位置的介绍来理解把握文章的细节:1)所有文章的中心与段落中心和次中心。
2)转折和因果。
在阅读中,最好把含有转折和因果的词句标出来,因为转折和因果都意味着作者的观点和态度,相对一般句子更有强调性。
例如:because,for,but,however……3)表示观点的句子、观点的词可能多处出现,当然并不是所有观点的句子和词汇都是重点,但值得一读。
阅读文章中对这些词语的敏感是件令人兴奋的事情,所以平时应做好积累。
例如:agree,acknowledge,assert,see,insist,according to,find,think,believe,show,point out,content,acclaim,say等4)特殊标点符号,有的表示具体说明、有表解释、有表反义等等,均有或强或弱的强调意味,主要的特殊标点符号有:——、()、“”等。
5)情态动词。
should,must都能表达作者感情的因素,能从侧面反映作者对于某事物的观点,理应重点阅读。
6)特殊句型。
例如副词提前加逗号这种形式Variety,……,Significantly,……副词在句中起着很大作用,能反映态度,能表程度,这种特殊句型更有强调的成分,值得多阅读分析。
7)有指代的比较级、最高级和such/so等。
上面列举的一些重点特征很多,无异就是一些相对突出强调的词语。
阅读文章的时候,仅靠这些重点基本上可以做出大部分的阅读题。
阅读时快速画出重点,仅阅读含有重点特征的句子,对文章进行“减肥”,以提高阅读效率。
(4)选项特点1)正确答案的特点a、与原文句子同义词替换。
b、相对原文语法变化,如原文中的被动变为主动。
C、正面反面,即原文句子的否定形式,答案变成肯定的正面叙述;原文是肯定形式,从正面叙述,答案变成否定形式从反面叙述。
d、AB角度,原文从A角度叙述某事,而答案从B角度叙述同一件事情,本质不变。
e、具体抽象,即原文具体事例,答案变为抽象概括,或反之。
2)干扰选项的特点a、照抄原文,个别词语不同。
b、一半信息符合原文,一半信息不符。
c、将原文某些信息张冠李戴。
d、与原文叙述的内容相反。
e、与原文中没有出现观点新信息。
f、含有绝对化的词语,如only,always,never,all,everything,anything,everywhere,everybody,nobody。
g、逻辑错误,因果颠倒等。
最后,育明考博提醒:要做好考博英语阅读必须在扎实的英语词汇和语法的基础上,从不同角度对文章进行分解和思考。