英汉双语中颜色词翻译的不对等性
浅析中西文化中颜色词语的差异
浅析中西文化中颜色词语的差异浅析中西文化中颜色词语的差异目录摘要 (2)一、引言 (3)二、中西颜色词语的差异 (3)2.1. 红色（red） (3)2.2.黑色(black) (4)2.3.蓝色（blue） (4)2.4.绿色(green) (5)2.5.白色(white) (5)三、结论 (6)参考文献 (7)浅析中西文化中颜色词语的差异摘要：汉英语言中表示各种不同颜色或色彩的词语都很丰富。
颜色词的运用使语言丰富多彩，颜色词的正确翻译更能方便人们对于不同的寓意的理解，在两种不同文化背景上架起一座理解的桥梁。
但某些颜色的词语有时又表现出各民族独特的“个性”，所以使用这些词汇时，我们不仅要注意观察它们本身的基本意义，更要留心它们含义深广的象征意义，因为它们的象征意义在不同民族语言中往往有不同的特点，有些特点甚至构成了人们对经过引伸、转义以后颜色的崇尚和禁忌。
应特别了解源语所依赖的文化背景，参照源语所承载的文化内涵，才能达到正确使用的目的。
关键词:中西文化颜色词语差异On the Differences in Color Words betweenChinese and English CultureAbstract:This paper describes the difference in color words between Chinese and English culture. Color words in Chinese and English language are very rich. The use of color words makes thelanguage colorful, and their correct translation makes it more convenient for people to understand different moral. But some color words sometimes show the nation unique personality, so when using these words, we must not only observe the basic meaning of their own but also look deeper symbolic meaning because their symbolic meaning in different national languages often have different characteristics, with some of which people even form the worship and taboos for the extended form and escape. We should correctly understand the meaning of color words to achieve the purpose of proper use.Keywords: Chinese and western cultures; color words; differences一、引言人类对颜色的认识是人类对外部世界认知和经验的重要组成部分，是有很明显的共同处的。
跨文化视域下中英文颜色单词差异性研究
跨文化视域下中英文颜色单词差异性研究作者：薛晶晶来源：《青年生活》2019年第01期摘要：受宗教以及文化的影响，不同地域的人们对于颜色的含义有不同的见解，但是对于颜色的感觉和审美感触是基本一致的，本文笔者主要对英汉两种语言和其颜色单词作出对比，并重点探讨其差异性。
关键词：颜色词；文化差异；跨文化交际一、中英文颜色单词的意义与差异性（一）中英文颜色单词意义完全不相等首先以汉语“红”字举例进行阐述，我国通常认为结婚为“红”喜事，丧事为“白”事。
所以汉语里通常有“红白喜事”的讲究，对此很多西方国家无法理解。
再如我国中常说某个人有“灰色收入”，是暗指其除了上班收入还有其他隐性收入，这里的“灰色”与英语中的颜色词“gray”毫无关系。
对于此，可使用英语中“半公开收入”或“工资入册外的收入”来进行表达，意思才一致。
（二）中英文颜色单词意义部分不相等英语与汉语之中的某颜色词的意义偶尔有相同的地方，与此同时也会有一些不同。
以“黑色”为例，英语和汉语之中有很多词语能表达“黑色”与“不好、坏、差、邪恶、阴险”等词意相符。
例如英语中的“black”通常有“不幸的、灾难、阴险、狡诈”等词意；而在汉语中，我们所说的“黑色”通常有“凶狠、阴险、不合理”等词意，可以看出英语和汉语之中对于这些词意的联想给人的感觉大致相同。
但“黑色”在汉语中和“铁色”近似，所以中国古代人民通常认为“黑色”具有“刚毅、公正、无私”等词意。
（三）中英文颜色单词意义有所空缺任何语言当中的某种颜色词都具有多种联想意义，但这并不代表着其在另一种语言当中也有这种联想词意，就会造成联想意义空缺现象，例如：英语单词“Green（绿色）”就有三种词意。
（1）“Green（绿色）”在英语当中通常具有较为独特的意义，例如可理解为懵懂、无经验、新人等。
（2）“Green”在英语当中也可有“嫉妒”的意义，而中国人通常用“眼红”表示“嫉妒”。
（3）英国有“绿色英镑”的说法，是指相关部门内部财政用于计算农产品价格而制定的一种高汇率英镑。
浅论汉译英时颜色词的不对应性
浅论汉译英时颜色词的不对应性[摘要]颜色词不仅反映着色彩的物理属性，还具有多种多样的象征意义和引申意义，由于使用不同语言的民族具有各自不同的文化特征，同样的颜色词在汉语和英语中可能对应着不同的意义，因而在汉译英时往往不能对等翻译。
本文对红、青、白、黑四种基本颜色在汉译英时的不对应性进行了探讨。
[关键词]汉译英颜色词不对应性从反映的色彩的物理属性来看，汉英颜色词的基本意义是一致的，但是由于各民族在长期的历史发展过程中积淀了不同的生理、心理和文化的特征，因而同样的颜色词在不同民族中所代表的意义也有所差异，这种差异是引起文化含义误解和语用意义混淆的重要原因。
以下仅从红、青、白、黑四种基本颜色在汉语和英语中的不对应性来作一探讨。
（一）红色从表现的物理属性来看，英语和汉语中的“红色”是基本对应的,如“红星”（red star）,“红叶”（red autumnal leave）,“红豆”（red bean）等。
但是中国哲学讲求“虚”，注重“神似”，而西方哲学讲“实”，注重科学精确，这种文化气质也反映在颜色词中。
如“红糖”体现了红色在汉文化中的重要影响，红色是喜庆、吉祥和红火的象征，而且中国妇女在生产之后有用红糖来补血养身的传统，因此中国人乐于称之为“红糖”。
然而从物理学角度来讲，这种糖的颜色更接近棕色，因此英语中定名为“Brown sugar ”显得更加准确。
再如“红烧肉”实际上是用酱油烧制而成，并非是真正的“红色的肉”，英语中用“pork braised in brown sauce”更接近于真实。
还有英语的“black tea”意为汉语中的“红茶”，其实这种茶颜色深浓而更近于黑色。
汉语和英语中红色的不对应性更多地是表现在词语的语用涵义上。
如“红娘”是《西厢记》里女主角崔莺莺的侍女，她促成了莺莺和男主角张生的结合，后来民间便称热心促成别人姻缘的人为“红娘”，译为英语应是“match—maker”。
汉语中“ 红颜”是指年轻貌美的女子，应译为“beautiful woman”；“红白喜事”中的“红”和“白”分别象征婚礼和葬礼，对应的英语为“weddings and funerals”。
浅议汉语与英语中的颜色词的差异 精选文档
浅议汉语与英语中的颜色词的差异语言是人们进行交流的工具，讲不同语言的人之间能否进行有效的交流取决于人们能否理解不同语言所传达的信息。
随着语言文化的发展，表示颜色的词的意义也从原来表示某种单纯的颜色而引申生出许多新的意义。
虽然颜色词汇在语言中所占只占一小部分，但如果不掌握颜色词汇在两种语言中的深层涵义，那么就会阻碍交流，甚至会造成误解。
因此，了解不同语言中颜色词汇的意义非常必要。
一、White―白色（1）相同之处：中国人和英语国家的人对这个颜色的理解有着相同之处，都代表：纯洁、光明。
中国人经常用白色表示纯洁。
如：白雪―代表纯洁；洁白的哈达。
英语中也有同样的意思。
西方文化中崇尚白色，认为白色高雅纯洁。
如：a white soul―纯洁的心灵；新娘要穿洁白的婚纱以示爱情的纯洁无瑕。
还有不管是中国还是英语国家在战争中，举起白旗就是意味着投降。
（2）不同之处：在中国的习俗中，白色还代表枯竭、无生命力，象征着死亡、不吉利。
自古至近亲人死后家属要穿白色衣服；到现代人们在衣服上别一朵白花，来表示寄托哀思。
汉语中的“白色”其涵义还表示清楚、明白、无代价的、无效的、政治上反动的、什么都没有的等。
如：大脑一片空白（have nothing ）。
all in vain ）；白费（no use）；白搭（in mind“白”还表示奸诈，反面人物和指充当和事佬或勾结一方伪装公正的人。
如唱白脸；它还象征知识浅薄、没有功名或贫穷，如称平民百姓为“白丁”、“白屋”、“白身”、等。
英语中的“white”其涵义可表示美好、清白、善意、合法、幸福等如：a white lie 善意的谎言white room 最清洁的房屋white hope 为某团体（或）城镇带来荣誉的人white light 公正无私的裁判days marked with a white stone 幸福的日子one of the white days of sb's life 某人生活中的吉日之一二、黑色―black黑色在中国的文化意义中既有褒义，也有贬义。
从颜色词看英汉语言文化差异
从颜色词看英汉语言文化差异Ξ柯金算〔内容提要〕 英汉语言习惯不同,风俗各异,表示颜色的方法和用词也不尽相同,对同一颜色的理解也有差异。
颜色词在英汉对译中的差异:一、有时保留其本色;二、有时会“变色”;三、有时与颜色无关。
现以“红、黑、白”三色在英汉语言的涵义不同说明英汉语言文化差异。
英语与汉语属不同语系,各自有其独特的语法。
它们表示颜色的方法和用词也不尽相同。
人类文明正在不断发展,颜色词也相应地随着不断丰富,其意义也从原来表示某种单纯颜色而派生出许多新转义,从而使得人类的语言变得更加生动形象、丰富多彩。
颜色词在各种语言中的地位也愈来愈显得重要。
我们从颜色词也可看出英汉语言文化的差异。
本文拟列举几种常用颜色词在英汉对译中的异同及“红”、“黑”、“白”等颜色词在两种语言的不同内涵来说明它们之间的文化差异。
颜色词在英汉对译中:一、有时保留其本来的颜色。
如:red carpet 红地毯,T he Yellow R iver 黄河,green ligh t 绿灯,blue jeans 蓝色工装裤,black race 黑种人,w h ite bread 白面包二、有时颜色词并不总是那种颜色的代名词,即有时会“变色”。
令人感到有趣的是,在英汉这两种不同的语言中对同一物体或现象却经常用不同颜色来加以描述。
如blackbeetle 蟑螂(不叫“黑色甲虫”或“黑色小型汽车”),black tea 红茶(汉语不叫“黑茶”),可是红糖却是brow n sugar (不是red sugar ,化学上叫“黄糖”),brow n bread 黑色面包,black clo th 青布(不一定就是“黑布”),purp le w ine 红葡萄酒(不是“紫色酒”),w h ite w alnut 灰胡桃(不是“白胡桃”),blue fil m s (movies )黄色影片(不是“兰色电影”或“兰色影片”),blue video tapes 黄色录相带,green eyed 眼红(不是“绿眼”),black and blue (指瘀伤)青一块,紫一块M ary has fallen dow n the stairs again ----she’s black and blue all over !玛丽又从楼梯摔下来了——她浑身青一块紫一块的。
论英汉基本颜色词的语义对比
论英汉基本颜色词的语义对比作者：刘希来源：《文学教育·中旬版》2010年第04期[摘要]英汉语言中基本颜色词的语义有相似之处,也存在着明显的差异。
本文从语义基本对应、语义部分对应、语义不对应和语义空缺四个方面对英汉中的基本颜色词进行对比,探讨英汉基本颜色词在语义方面的异同及隐含在其中的文化观念。
[关键词]颜色词;语义;对比;一、引言颜色词,是人们用来说明颜色的符号。
柏林和凯伊考察了近百种语言,研究了其中的基本颜色词,首创了基本颜色词的理论,认为英语中有white, black, red, green, yellow, blue, brown, purple, pink, orange, gray等11个基本颜色词(Berlin, Kay, 1969)。
汉语也属于颜色词丰富的语言,也有与英语对应的11个基本颜色词。
本文将英汉两种语言中的基本颜色词进行语义方面的对比,找出其中的相同和相异之处,阐释其产生的文化背景,以期对第二语言习得者准确掌握目的语并运用目的语顺利进行有效的交际有所帮助。
二、语义有的学者则将汉、英语中某些词语的语义层次差异归纳为四大类:(1)在一种语言里有的词在另一语言里没有对应词;(2)在两种语言里,某些词语表面上似乎指同一事物或概念,其实指的是两回事;(3)某些事物或概念在一种语言里只有一两种表达方式,而在另一语言里则有多种表达方式,即在另一种语言里,这种事物或概念有更细微的区别;(4)某些词的基本意义大致相同,但派生意义的区别可能很大(邓炎昌,刘润清,1989:163)三、英汉基本颜色词语义对比(一)语义基本对应词语义基本对应通常指英汉基本颜色词在概念意义、内涵意义和应用范围等方面涵义等值。
严格地讲,基本颜色词只有相对的语义对应。
无论在西方还是中国,红色都与喜庆有关。
英语中“red letter day”,是发生好事的日子,“to roll out the red carpet to honor a visiting head of state”表示铺上红地毯欢迎贵宾。
英汉词汇不对等的例子英汉翻译中词汇的不对等性及其翻译策略
英汉词汇不对等的例子英汉翻译中词汇的不对等性及其翻译策略美国翻译理论家尤金・奈达(Eugene A.Nida)在与塔伯(Charles R.Taber)合著的《翻译理论和方法》一书中指出:“翻译是从语义到文体在译入语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。
对等首先是语义对等,再就是风格对等。
”这一理论反映出翻译界的一种理想与目标。
然而在翻译实践中,没有绝对的对等,正如鲍林杰(Dwight Bolinger)在《语言要略》中所述,英汉词语两者之间的差异是绝对的、必然的,相同或相似语之间是相对的、偶然的。
也就是说,原语中某些意义的表达方式用译语完全正确而又绝对对等地表达出来是不可能的。
因此,研究翻译中的词汇不对等现象对提高翻译质量就显得尤为重要。
一英汉语中词汇的不对等现象英汉民族的文化背景、语言习惯及意识形态差异,在语言文化上也出现了差异,处于不同语系的英语和汉语都具有了相对固定的独特的语言文化,两种语言的词汇具有下列不对等性:1 词义的不对等正如兹古斯塔(L.Zgusta)所说:“每个词汇单位都是独立的,不同于其他词汇的,其突出的独立性表现在其所包含的意义上。
”因此,一个词或者词汇单位在特定的语言系统中有其独特的含义。
从传统词汇学来讲,词汇意义由概念意义(conceptual meaning)和内涵意义(connotative meaning)组成。
概念意义是词义的核心,是语言符号所代表的事物的最基本特征的抽象概括,具有相对的稳定性。
内涵意义不是单独存在的意义,而是附带词在“概念意义”上的意义,这种意义非常不稳定。
无论是从概念意义还是内涵意义来理解词义,中英文词语都有一定程度上的不对等性。
2 概念意义的不对等在中英文中有的词汇概念意义是不对等的,如中英文在称谓上的词汇就不完全对等。
汉语中的称谓讲究:长幼有序,内外有别,男女有别。
而英语中的称谓基本上只进行性别的区分。
如汉语中的“伯父”、“叔父”、“姑父”、“姨夫”、“舅舅”等,在英语中只有uncle一词来统指父系尊长,aunt表示母系尊长,sister 表示姐姐或妹妹,brother指哥哥或弟弟。
浅论汉译英时颜色词的不对应性
浅论汉译英时颜色词的不对应性[摘要]颜色词不仅反映着色彩的物理属性，还具有多种多样的象征意义和引申意义，由于使用不同语言的民族具有各自不同的文化特征，同样的颜色词在汉语和英语中可能对应着不同的意义，因而在汉译英时往往不能对等翻译。
本文对红、青、白、黑四种基本颜色在汉译英时的不对应性进行了探讨。
[关键词]汉译英颜色词不对应性从反映的色彩的物理属性来看，汉英颜色词的基本意义是一致的，但是由于各民族在长期的历史发展过程中积淀了不同的生理、心理和文化的特征，因而同样的颜色词在不同民族中所代表的意义也有所差异，这种差异是引起文化含义误解和语用意义混淆的重要原因。
以下仅从红、青、白、黑四种基本颜色在汉语和英语中的不对应性来作一探讨。
（一）红色从表现的物理属性来看，英语和汉语中的“红色”是基本对应的,如“红星”（red star）,“红叶”（red autumnal leave）,“红豆”（red bean）等。
但是中国哲学讲求“虚”，注重“神似”，而西方哲学讲“实”，注重科学精确，这种文化气质也反映在颜色词中。
如“红糖”体现了红色在汉文化中的重要影响，红色是喜庆、吉祥和红火的象征，而且中国妇女在生产之后有用红糖来补血养身的传统，因此中国人乐于称之为“红糖”。
然而从物理学角度来讲，这种糖的颜色更接近棕色，因此英语中定名为“Brown sugar ”显得更加准确。
再如“红烧肉”实际上是用酱油烧制而成，并非是真正的“红色的肉”，英语中用“pork braised in brown sauce”更接近于真实。
还有英语的“black tea”意为汉语中的“红茶”，其实这种茶颜色深浓而更近于黑色。
汉语和英语中红色的不对应性更多地是表现在词语的语用涵义上。
如“红娘”是《西厢记》里女主角崔莺莺的侍女，她促成了莺莺和男主角张生的结合，后来民间便称热心促成别人姻缘的人为“红娘”，译为英语应是“match—maker”。
汉语中“ 红颜”是指年轻貌美的女子，应译为“beautiful woman”；“红白喜事”中的“红”和“白”分别象征婚礼和葬礼，对应的英语为“weddings and funerals”。
翻译策略：再议汉英颜色词汇不对应问题及其翻译策略
再议汉英颜色词汇不对应问题及其翻译策略一、引言英汉之间存在各种层面的不对应问题。
这些问题主要由两种语言的产生和发展的背景不同造成的。
一般情况的不对应采用相应的意译基本可以解决。
但是颜色词汇在应用中的不对应却不能简单的用某种方法来解决。
二、颜色词的不对应颜色识时务的一个重要属性，人们对颜色的认知也是最早最基本的。
虽然对于颜色的看法是完全一致的，但是由于不同的民族风俗文化、历史传统、宗教信仰、思维方式等方面的差异，导致了对颜色的象征意义完全不同的现象，这就是本文要研究的颜色词不对应现象。
这些颜色词意义上的不对应主要存在于以下两个方面:首先，文化内涵上的不对应。
在汉语中，由于中国历史和政治的发展，红色在汉文化中起着很重要的作用，拥有深刻的文化内涵。
这一颜色被广泛用来表达喜庆、成功等含义。
并且由于这个词的这种含义，很多相近的颜色也被称为红色。
例如红糖、红茶，而这两种东西的颜色其实并不是红色，而英语用更准确的颜色来表达，brown sugar和black tea。
但是在汉语中，红糖，红茶是和白糖，绿茶相对应而取的名字，如果我们把红糖和红茶叫做棕糖和黑茶，估计没有人回去喝他们了。
在汉语古诗词里，颜色词常带有很大的模糊性，经常“变色”。
如通常我们把“青”、“苍”、“碧”、“绿”四色对应地英译为“blue”、“grey”、“bluish—green”、“green”。
但在不少诗文中，根据语境和作者的表达方式，这几种颜色的"本色"却另有所指。
如:(1)《尚书•禹贡》“厥土青黎”和李白《将进酒》“朝如青丝暮成雪|中的”青“，皆非蓝色或绿色，而是”black“(黑色);(2)《诗经•秦风•黄乌》”彼苍者天”杜甫《述怀》“摧颓苍松根”中之“苍”也不是灰色，跟“grey”是不对等的;(3)温庭筠《瑶瑟怨》“碧天如水夜云轻”和江淹《拟休上人诗》“日暮碧云合”中的“碧天”、“碧云”自然不可能是“绿天”、“绿云”;(4)杜牧《阿房宫赋》“绿云扰扰，梳晓鬟也”中的“绿云”指女子美丽乌黑的头发。
中英文颜色词的差异与翻译
2003 年第 6 期 (总第 68 期)
广西教育学院学报 GUAN GXI J IAOYUXUEYUAN XUEBAO
NO. 6 ,2003 (Serial NO. 68)
1. 4 表示颜色阴暗 。例如 : A dull white moonlight cast the willow’s shadow on the lake. 惨白的月光下垂柳的影子倒影在湖面上 。 21 一些中文颜色词能兼指多种颜色概念 ,翻 译时要根据原著内容来肯定它们所指的是哪一种
— 39 —
一群红男绿女叫着 、笑着走进了舞厅 。
A group of gai1y dressed men and women entered
the ba11 room ,shouting and laughing. 他不但活泼而诙谐 ,单是那浑身雪白这一点 ,
在红红绿绿中就有“鹤立鸡群”之概 。
Not on1y is he live1y and full of fun ;the mere fact
颜色 ,然后使用相应的英文颜色词来表达 。 211 “苍”在下面各实例中可译成不同的颜
色 。例如 : 宫殿周围长满了苍松翠柏 。
There are dark green pines and cypresses around the Palace.
苍天下万物竞相生长 。
All the living things keep growing under the blue sky.
It was the first time for the lady to make a speech
浅谈中英翻译中颜色词差异
• 英语中也有类似的现象，“white”并不表示”白”的意思，如:white elephant，昂贵又无用 之物白费事”(all in vain, a waste of time energy)。
颜 色 词 的 异 同
浅 谈 中 英 翻 译 中
摘要
我们生活在多姿多彩的颜色世界中，颜 色赋予生活丰富的文化涵义和延伸意义。 在不同的文化中同一种颜色会让人产生 不同的联想和不一样的感情，我们应该 充分考虑其中的文化差异。英汉语言习 惯不同，风俗各异，表示各种颜色的词 在人类生活中占据举足轻重的地位，英 汉颜色的用法和方法也不仅相同，就是 对同一种颜色的理解和使用也有差异， 接下来我们就以英汉两种语言中的一些 色彩词的差异列举例子给予分析。
5
黄色
• 在汉语文化中，黄色与红色相近，是红色的一种发展变异，如旧时人们把宜于办大事、喜事的日 子称为“黄道吉日”，意为“吉祥如意”，黄色又代表“权势、威严”，这是因为在古代的五方、 五行、五色中，中央为黄色，象征中央政权、国土之义。因此，黄色为历代封建帝王所专有，平 民百姓不敢擅用，如“黄袍”，专指天子的“龙袍”；专指天子的仪仗；“黄榜”，专指天子的 诏书；“黄马褂”，专指清朝皇帝钦赐文武重臣的官服语中黄色有时象征低级趣味、色情庸俗的意思，如黄色 电影、黄色书刊、黄色光碟等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的“yellow”无关。能够表示汉语 中这些意思的词汇应该是:vulgar(庸俗下流的)、obscene(猥亵的)等。然而，英语中。
• 然而，如果中国英语学习者看到含有“red”的英语短语时，就产生对应联想，想当然地以为是褒义词，如 在一段英文语篇中把“a red battle”（血腥的战斗）简单地理解为“正义之战，革命之战”或把 “a red flag”（危险信号旗）仅仅理解为“一面红旗”，那就不得其解了。因为在英语文化中，“red” 主要指鲜血“blood”（鲜血）的颜色，而“blood”在西方人眼中是奔腾的“生命之液”，一旦鲜血流淌 不止，生命之花也就凋谢。所以，“red”使西方人联想到的反而是“暴力”和“危险”，是一个贬意相当 强的词汇。“red”首先象征“残暴、流血”，如“red rules of tooth and claw”（残杀和暴力统治）， “red revenge”（血腥复仇）；其次象征“危险、紧张”，如“red alert”（空袭报警）， “a red adventure story”（一个令人紧张的冒险故事）；当然“red”还有“放荡、淫秽”之象征意义， 如“a red waste of his youth”（他因放荡而浪费的青春）。
浅议英汉双语中颜色词翻译的不对等性
浅议英汉双语中颜色词翻译的不对等性颜色词是我们生活中不可缺少的色彩，其中也蕴含着各民族不同文化的内涵。
在英汉颜色词翻译中，有时颜色词的字面意义和比喻意义并不完全对等，差异会很大。
了解英汉双语中颜色词的翻译差异，有助于译者进行有效翻译，避免出现断章取义、交际失败的错误。
语言是文化的载体，与文化息息相关。
词汇除了字面意义之外，还有文化、传统和感情的成分，使其所产生的联想意义与原始疑义相差很大，给译者的翻译变得很难。
颜色词是我们日常生活中最显而易见的，而这种最常见的颜色词的英汉翻译有时也并非一件容易的事。
本文就黑、白、红、黄、绿五种基本颜色词的英汉翻译进行分析，阐述英汉双语中颜色词的概念意义和内涵意义的不对等性，使读者对语言和文化之间的千丝万缕的联系有个大致的了解，避免在跨文化交际中出现失误。
一、黑与black英语中black的用法有时在汉语里找不到与之相对应的意思。
如：I could feel blood draining from my face.I wondered whether I was about to black out.我能感到血从脸上淌下来。
我不知道自己是不是要昏过去了。
句中black out指暂时“失去知觉”和黑色没有什么关系。
black sheep 从字面上看是“黑色的绵羊”，可实际上是“败家子、害群之马”之意；a black day 是指“倒霉的一天”而不是“黑色的一天”；我们常说中国人是黄皮肤，黑眼睛但翻译是却不能用black eye，因为这是“丢脸”之意而不是“黑色的眼睛”。
汉语中的“黑”有时也不能用black来表达。
如：黑暗是dark；黑社会是underworld；黑客是hacker；黑话是argot；黑心是evil mind ；黑幕是inside story。
二、红色与red红色在英语中也有象征庆祝、隆重和喜庆的日子。
a red letter day指纪念日、喜庆日、特别重要的日子；to paint the town red指狂欢作乐；red cent指很少的钱；red tape指繁文缛节、繁琐的程序。
英汉颜色词汇的文化差异
英汉颜色词汇的文化差异摘要：在英汉两种文化中，同一种颜色的表达方式不同，其所蕴含的比喻和联想意义也不尽相同，这是我们在学习英汉文化差异很重要的一部分。
本文试从几个常见的颜色词汇来探析中西颜色词汇中的文化差异，力图能更好地促进英汉民族文化的交流。
关键词：颜色词汇文化差异1 引言众所周知，在不同的民族文化中，同样的食物会被赋予不同的意义。
颜色是一种客观存在的事物，它的本质对各个民族都是一样的，但颜色所蕴含的丰富的联想意义因受到民俗、地理环境、宗教等的制约，其所引发的比喻和联想意义不尽相同。
“颜色词虽然数量很有限，但却反映了不同民族，不同时代人们的文化心理，审美情趣和时代风尚，记录了贵与贱，尊与卑，上与下的历史等级制度，代表了正邪，好坏，是非，善恶，阴阳，冷热，刚柔，婚丧，祸福，方位和季节之类的观念。
”（熊文华，1997：357）本文试从几个常见颜色词探讨英汉颜色词汇的文化差异。
2 Red与红色在中国文化中，由于人们可以从红色联想到太阳和火红的颜色，而太阳和火可以给人们带来光明和温暧及幸福。
所以人们喜欢用红色象征“幸福，喜庆，吉祥，欢乐和热烈等”，并由此引申出兴旺，发达，顺利，成功，运气好，福利，成就等等含义，如：红利，红运，分红，红榜，红包，开门红，红日高照等。
由红色的顺利，成功等象征意义又可引申为受社会好评，受群众爱戴，欢迎，受上级领导的重视或重用等含义，如：大红人，很红，红极一时，红得发紫等。
由红色的成功，顺利，受欢迎，受重用等含义，又引申出羡慕，嫉妒等含义，如：眼红，红眼病等。
由于红色可以联想到战为和鲜血的颜色，而革命斗争往往是流血斗争，所以近代常用红色象征革命斗争，如：红旗，红军，红心，红色政权，红色根据地，红领巾，红五星等。
在英美文化中，大多数西方人不喜欢红色，认为红色令人生厌。
英语民族概念里的“red”是同流血，牺牲，殉难相关的，red会令人联想到可怕的，危险的东西，如：Red Army and Red Brigades均为恐怖组织，See the red light感觉危险迫近，Red alert紧急警报。
浅谈颜色词的英汉差异及翻译
浅谈颜色词的英汉差异及翻译【摘要】颜色作为一种视觉效果，从理论上讲，人们对它的感知应是一致的。
但由于英汉民族不同的地理位置、宗教信仰、民族心理及思维习惯等，这些颜色词的文化涵义也存在差异。
所以，本文通过研究多种颜色词在英汉中的差异，探讨在颜色词翻译中如何做到翻译的最佳效果,并且提出了直译法、意译法、改色法、增减色法为主的翻译方法。
【关键词】颜色词;英汉差异;翻译1.颜色词的英汉差异对比对颜色的认知，是人类最基本的认知范畴之一。
由于汉语和英语两种语言的文化差异，许多颜色词汇蕴涵了不同的民族感情色彩，在翻译和交际过程中可能产生偏差和误解。
1.1黑色（Black）黑色在汉语中常与不好的、邪恶的事物相联系，如有：“黑钱”、“黑社会”、“黑市”等都是贬义词。
在英语文化中，black的联想意义与汉语大致相同，表示“阴险、凶恶、不光彩和悲哀”等涵义。
如：black guard (流氓/恶棍)，black mark (污点)，to look at someone (怒目而视)……黑色代表了庄严和肃穆。
在正式场合，人们通常是着黑色正装，这点在中西文化中也是共通的。
1.2白色（White）汉族文化中，白色常与死亡相系。
如古代亲人死后家属要穿白孝服、设白灵堂。
白色也象征失败、愚蠢、无利可得，如战败的一方总是打“白旗”投降。
还有“白费力”、“白忙”等词。
西方的white表示幸福和纯洁，如新娘穿的白婚纱，象征着爱情的纯洁美好。
还有white-handed比喻“正直的、无辜的、廉洁的”，a white war 指“不流血的战争”。
当然，在英语中，也有a white elephant(无用的)，a white night等贬义短语。
1.3红色（Red）红色是中国文化的基本崇尚色，它体现了中国人对物质和精神的追求。
在汉语中, 红色常是褒义，象征着革命、进步、喜庆等。
汉语中有“红运、红榜、红军、红星、红火、红人”等词语均表示好的方面。
论中英颜色词汇的文化和语义差异简介部分
论中英颜色词汇的文化和语义差异摘要：英汉两种语言中存在着大量表示颜色的词汇，如黑、白、红、黄、绿、蓝等。
颜色是一种客观存在的、特殊的物质形态，人们无论在情感上还是视觉上都会在一定程度上对颜色做出反应。
不同的民族对颜色的看法和认识趋于一致，人们对颜色和颜色词汇所产生的联想意义方面也有许多共同之处。
但由于民族风俗、思维方式、地理位置、民族心理、宗教信仰等文化背景的差异，英汉两个民族对各种颜色在视觉上和心理上所产生的联想、象征的意义、蕴含的寓意不尽相同，同中有异，异中有同。
这就使得中西方民族在颜色词的具体使用和理解上存在差异。
英汉语言习惯不同，风俗各异，表示颜色的方法和用词也不尽相同，就是对同一颜色的理解与使用也有差异。
随着人类文明的不断发展，表示颜色的词汇也相应地不断得到丰富，其意义也从原来表示某种单纯的颜色而派生出许多新的意义，从而使得人类的语言变得更加生动形象、丰富多彩。
本文通过对比法探讨了英汉两种语言中色彩词的差异，说明由于语言习惯、历史背景、传统风俗等方面的差异，表示颜色的方法和用词有很多不同，对同一颜色的理解也有很大差别。
因此，了解并掌握这此颜色词及所构成词汇的差异，对中外文化交流及翻译实践研究有一定的实际意义。
关键词：颜色词汇；文化差异；语义Discussion about the Cultural and Semantic Difference of ColorWords Between Chinese and EnglishAbstractColor words are abundant in both Chinese and English, such as black, white, red, yellow, green, blue, etc. Color is an objective phenomenon in the world. People all can react to color, no matter in emotion or vision. The view and cognition of different national people toward color are much alike; they also have many common associations in color and color terms. But the associations, symbols and implied meanings of color terms to the different nations are different because of their different customs, way of thinking, social environments, psychology and religious belief, all this makes the understanding and use of color terms are different in different nations.Because of different language habit and different customs between English and Chinese, there are a variety of ways of expressing color words in both cultures. Difference exists difference in understanding and using even a single color. The color words were more and more enriched as the development of human civilization, New meaning of the color words have derived from old ones. All these have made people’s language became lively and colorful.This paper discusses the differences of color words between English and Chinese by means of contrast,indicating that due to different language habits, historic background, traditional customs and so on, there are many differences in the use of colors and color words as well as in the implied meaning of the same color. It is practically useful to know and study the differences, thus promoting the cultural communication and translation practice.Key words:color words; cultural difference; semanticAcknowledgementsI would like to express my deepest appreciation to Mr. Ao Ke, my supervisor, for his constant encouragement and guidance. He has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without his consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor Chang Liang, who led me into the world of linguistics. In addition, a thank you to the professors and teachers at the Department of Business: Professor Li Ming Yuan, Professor Liu Ang and so on, who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.Last, I am as ever, especially indebted to my parents for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me overcome my doubts in doing this thesis.。
中英颜色词翻译的差异
中英颜色词翻译的差异1.引言色彩与人类的生活息息相关，是人类认识世界的一个重要领域。
色彩不仅具有物理属性，还有着丰富的文化内涵。
在英汉两种语言中，均存在大量与颜色有关的表达方式，表达一种特定的文化内涵。
但由于英语与汉语分属于两个不同的文化语系，两个民族对同一颜色所产生的联想有共性，有差异性，也有时会完全相悖。
所以，在翻译这些带有颜色词的表达方式时，一定要弄清它们的实际含义，因为有时颜色词并不表示颜色，而是引申转换为其他的含义。
因此，本文将对英汉两种语言中的部分颜色词的语言特点、文化意义的异同进行比较，在加深理解的前提下，对该类词汇的翻译进行探讨。
2.英汉颜色词的对比2.1概念及分类英汉语中的颜色词数量都极为丰富。
“而英汉两种语言把颜色词大致分为三类：basic color words （基本颜色词），color words with colors of objects（实物颜色词），color words in shades（色差颜色词）。
”对于基本颜色的概念，英汉两个民族的观念比较一致。
基本颜色词是指那些本来就可以表达事物色彩的颜色词。
英语与汉语对基本颜色词的分类差别不大，汉语中有赤、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫，而英语中有red、white、black、green、yellow、blue、purple、gray、brown。
“实物颜色词就是把用自然界物体的本色来表示颜色的词。
例如：silver（银白），gold（金色），lead-gray（铅灰）这类颜色词广泛用于日常生活中。
”[1]“色差颜色词是指来自太阳的自然光或白光照射在各种颜色上有深浅明暗之分的颜色词。
例如: dark blue （深蓝），deep green（深绿），light yellow淡黄等等。
”对于上述的分类，本文主要探讨部分常用基本颜色词的英汉比较及翻译，首先来比较这些基本颜色词之间的异同之处。
2. 2 基本颜色词比较在所有语言中，颜色词都具有极为丰富的意义。
中英颜色词的文化差异
中英颜色词的文化差异摘要我们生活的世界充满色彩，一切事物都有颜色。
颜色是一种对光的视觉效应,它是我们的眼睛、大脑和生活经验对客观世界的反应。
颜色词是对这种视觉效应的描述。
我们用颜色词描述这个世界。
颜色词可以帮助我们更快的在头脑中描绘一个事物的大体形象。
而且在语言中，颜色词可以反映一个人要表达的感情色彩并影响整个句子的意思。
颜色词在语言表达中是非常重要的一个部分，在中英语言中都必不可少。
由于中英双方在政治制度，宗教，历史文化，民间传说，风俗习惯，民族思维方式和认知方式上有很大差异，所以颜色词在中英文化中的具体体现也不尽相同。
本文主要讨论颜色词在中英文化中产生差异的原因和差异的具体表现。
本文首先从颜色词的基本概念和构词法切入，提出颜色词在中英文化中的差异这一主题。
而后分析了颜色词在中文和英语文化中出现差异的原因，并从三个方面来比较这些差异。
最后通过举例等方法对比了一些具体颜色词在中英文化生活和翻译中差异的具体表现。
本文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成。
主要内容如下：第一部分是导论。
导论部分主要介绍了颜色词和文化差异的主要概念，从颜色词入手进行中英文化差异探讨的原因，并就国内外学者对颜色词在中英文化中的差异进行讨论的现状进行总结。
第二部分是正文，由三部分组成：第一章简介了颜色词的基本概念和颜色词在中英文中基本的构词法。
我们在这一章中可以对颜色词有一个清晰的定义。
第二章探究了颜色词在中英两种不同文化中出现差异的原因。
从中英在政治制度，宗教，历史文化，民间传说，风俗习惯，民族思维方式和认知方式上的差异这些角度，探讨颜色词在中文和英文中存在差异的原因。
第三章以“白，黑，红，黄，绿”五个基本颜色为例，详细阐述了颜色词在中英文化生活中差异的具体表现并总结了颜色词在中英翻译中差异的具体表现。
关键词：颜色词；思维方式；认知方式AbstractThe world which we live in is full of color, everything is colorful. Color is a visual effect of light through our eyes, brains and experiences in life. Color word is the description of these visual effects. We use color words to describe this world. Color words can help us to depict the general image of a thing in our mind. As well as in language, the color words can reflect the person’s emotional color in expression and change the meaning of the whole sentence. As a necessary part of language expression, color words are essential both inEnglish and Chinese. There is a great difference in the political system, religion, history, culture, folklore, habits, ethnic thinking and cognitive style, so the specific forms of color words are different in Chinese and English cultures.This thesis mainly discusses the color words’ causes and differences between Chinese and English culture. Firstly, this thesis put forward the theme “cultural differences between Chinese and English color words” through the basic concepts of color words and word-building. Then it analyzes the color words’ causes of differences in Chinese andEnglish culture, and compares these differences from three perspectives. Finally, by means of the examples and other methods, we compare the differences between some specific color words in our life and translation between Chinese and English culture.This thesis include three parts: an introduction, the main body and a conclusion. Its basic form are as follows:The introduction mainly introduces the background of the study on color words in Chinese and English culture and give a simple introduce of “color” and “cultural differences”. This part told us why I chose this proposition.The second part is the main body, which is made up of three chapters:Chapter One briefly introduces the color words’ basic concept and the word-building in Chinese and English. In this chapter, we can have a overall understanding of color words. Chapter Two focuses on the reasons of the differences of color words between Chinese and English culture from the angles of political system, religion, folklore, customs, habits, culture, ethnic thinking and cognitive style.Chapter Three takes “white, black, red, yellow and green” these five basic color words as the example, and expounds the specific expression of the color words’ differences in Chinese and English life, and summarizes the specific expression ofdifferences incolor words in translationbetween Chinese and English culture.Key Words: color word; ethnic thinking; cognitive styleContentsIntroduction 1Chapter IThe basic concept of color words 31. The basic concept of color words 32. The Word-Building of Color 3Chapter II The Causes of the Differences of Color Words in Chinese and English Cultures71. Political System, History,Culture and Religion 82. Folklore and Customs 103. Ethnic Thinking and Cognitive Style 11Chapter III The Specific Expression of Color Words in Chinese and English Culture 141. Color Words’ Differences Between Chinese and English Culture in Life 142. Color Words’Differences Between Chinese andEnglish Culture in Translation 18 Conclusion 20Bibliography 22Acknowledgements 23IntroductionColor is the reaction of the objective world for people, everything is colorful.Color is closely linked with people’s life.People is living in color. The founder of modern abstract art, Wassily Kandinsky, said in his book On Spiritual in Art, “Color directly affects thespirit” (Kandinsky, 1987). People product a lot of color words to express their feeling. These color words have many cultural connotations. We should pay attention to that in international communication, people’s perception to color symbols is different because they belong to different countries, different cultural backgrounds or belong to the same country and the same cultural background, but the members belong to different social groups or social classes. This kind of difference has a positive meaning in linguistics, which makes the color words have many associative meanings.Cultural difference refers to the differences between various regions’ people due to regional differences. There is a definition of culture that the “culture” is a common psychological process for the people who live in the same environment. This common psychological procedure will be diverse because people from different countries or regions are always influenced by different educations, different social and jobs which will have different ways of thinking.As a part of culture, language bears the important functions of noting and communication. Any human society can not exist without culture. Different cultures will present different cultural forms, and these differences which are reflected in the linguistic level is the language differences. Therefore, the color words rooted in the social culture because of their different growth of the soil, whose meaning contained in the information is not the same, thus forming a cultural difference. Cultural differences are the obstruction in international communication and translation, so it is very important for language learners to realize the causes and specific forms of cultural differences.Since 2008, there have been more and more researches on the differences between Chinese and English cultures areembodied in color words, and about twenty-five thousand papers have been published. There are a group of scholars such as Liu Hongquan and TianChuanmao to study this topic, they promote and lead the development and progress of the discipline.Chapter I The basic concept of color words1. The basic concept of color wordsColor is a kind of natural phenomenon. As the color of natural phenomena, it means “the impression which the light emits, reflects, or transmits through the object”(Jin Funian, 2003: 11). Describe this natural phenomenon’s words is color words.Color words can be divided into two types: descriptive color words and abstract color words in language. The words which only representsone color is abstract color words. For example, “red”, “green”, “yellow”,“blue”, “white” and “black”. And these words also exactly to be basic color words in English. But in Chinese, these five colors also belong to the “basic color words”. Although there are many differences between English and Chinese, and these two languages also have different cultural backgrounds. The number of basic color words in these two languages is roughly equal. Through the language, we can see the different cultural psychology and aesthetic taste of the English and Chinese peoples.American anthropologist Sapir in the Language said, “There are something behind the language, and the language can not leave without the culture. The existence of the culture is thesum of the legacy and the faith of society which can decide our life organization”(Sapir, 2002). It can be seen that the cultural practices of a socialgroup determine the way of life of a language group or nation, the way of cognition, the way of thinking and the value orientation. Therefore, there are significant differences between these two languages in color words.2. The Word-Building of Color“Both in English and Chinese, words are all composed of one or several morphemes. Morpheme is the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function. Morphemes can be divided into two kinds: One is root,the root constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning. The other is affix,affixes don’t belong to a lexical category and are always bound morphemes.”(Dai Weidong, He Zhaoxiong, 2002)According to the word-building, we can divide the English color words into three categories: One, simple color words are formed by a single root; Two, derived color words which consist of one root and one or several affixes; Three, synthetic color words which consist of more than two roots. Among them, the method of word-building of derived color words can be divided into four categories: adding method, overlapping method, mutation method and decremented method. According to the word-building, we can divide Chinese color words into two categories: One, simple color words which are formedby single morpheme;The other, synthetic color words consist of more than two morphemes. Amo ng them, the synthetic word’s word-building is divided into additional form, combined form and eclipsed form. In English, the add compose method and then add the prefix, infix or suffix to form a new word. Then in Chinese, the additional form is to attach the affix to the root to form a new word. From this point of view, the English affix method and the Chinese additional form is still similar in the actual vocabulary structure.We can compare the contrast of color words between English and Chinesein the w ord-building method through the English affix method and the Chinese additional form.A. English color word affix method: physical noun + adjectival suffix-y → adjectival color wordsWe take “snow” as an example. “Snow” is a noun, its basic meaning is “soft white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky in cold weather and cover the ground”(Zheng Rongcheng, 1997).Take the sentence “the city was buried under four centimeters of snow” for example. In English, the suffix-y can be combined with the noun to form an adjective, then is also called the adjectival suffix. It often means “abound”. With the further understanding and expansion of human’s understanding of the world, people need a new kind of color word to describe something more image, more vivid description which has the same color and shiny as the snow. So people add the suffix-y after the physical term to constitute a new word “snowy” to describe this color. Because it adds the adjectival suffix-y after the physical term “snow”, “snowy” is defined as a adjective. The basic meaning of “snowy” is marked by the presence of snow. For example, “that is a snowy cat”. By adding th e suffix -y, the English word“snow”becomes “snowy”.This change is not only a change inform, but also a change in the part of category and the meaning of the word. So that the original representation of the physical object into the adjectival color words which describe the color of objects.B. English color word affix method: the adjective for color + adjectival suffix -ish →adjectival color wordsWe can take “pink” for example. “Pink” is defined as an adjective. Its basic meaning is “a light shade of red”. For example,“this flower is pink”. In English, the suffix -ish can be bounded with the adjective to form a new adjective. So it is also called the adjectival affix, which means somewhat or approximately. Because the basic color words are can only used to describe the color which is more pure and strong, it is difficult to describe some light colors and traces. Then people add the adjectival suffix -ish behind these basic color words , a new color word “pinkish” is formed to describe the physical object. Because it adds the adjectival suffix -ish after the physical term “pink”, “pinkish” is defined as an adjective. In English, pinkish means“hot pink”. For example,“that flower is pinkish”. By adding the suffix -ish, the basic English color word “pink” becomes “pinkish”. Although adding the adjectival suffix -ish changed the basic category of the color word, it did not bring great changes to the meaning of basic color words. It only change the depth of describing things’ color slightly.C. Chinese additional form:the adjective with color words’character(的) + adjectival suffixIn Chinese, adjectives can be used to describe the nature and state of things, so they can be divided into two types: qualitative adjective and state adjective. The words “赤”, “橙”, “黄”, “绿”, “青”, “蓝”, “紫” and “黑”, “白” can be used to describe the color attribute of things, so it is defined as the color word adjectives. For example, the basic meaning of “白” refers to “the color of cream or snow”. For example, “她穿着一身白色连衣裙”. According to the Chinese additional form, that is the rule of word-building which add an affix on a root, we can add suffix after the qualitative adjective “赤”, “橙”, “黄”, “绿”, “青”, “蓝”, “紫” and “黑”, “白” which describe the object’s color attributedirectly. We can form two kinds of state adjectives like “ABB(的)” or “A不BC(的)”. For example, “红彤彤(的)”,“绿油油(的)”,“蓝洼洼(的)”,and“黑不溜秋(的)” to describe situation and form of the objects’ color. In Chinese, “红彤彤(的)” basic meaning is“dazzlingly beautiful red”. The basic meaning of “绿油油(的)” is“dark and glossy green”, the basic meaning of “蓝洼洼(的)”is“shiny blue”, the basic meaning of “黑不溜秋(的)” is “black(containing malice)”. It describes ugly black. For example,“这里有绿油油的草，蓝洼洼的天，天上还有一个红彤彤的太阳” or “他穿着一身黑不溜秋的衣服”.The color qualitative adjective are transformed into the color state adjective by adding the suffix. This change first changed the form of the color words, but did not change the adjectival category of the color words, and also did not change the meaning of color words. There are not muchdifferences between “蓝” and “蓝洼洼的” in the description of the color of the objective things “sky”. They all express “the color like shiny sky”. There are also not much differences between “黑” and “黑不溜秋的” in the description of the color of the objective things “clothes”. They all express “the most darkest color,total absence of light”, just latter two add more color words in the fundamental meaning of the word. In Chinese, color meaning of the word contains emotional coloring (commendatory term and derogatory term) and stylistic coloring(written language and oral) and image coloring (shape, color, sound, dynamic). Because it contains more color meaning, compare with the “蓝”, “蓝洼洼的” can be more vivid to describe this “shiny blue” color pattern to the people, and show the author’s favorite to the object. Compare with the “黑”, “黑不溜秋的” is to be more vivid describe the “ugly, no level of black”color effects, and the disgust contempt of the object is self-evident.Chapter II The Causes of the Differences of ColorWords in Chinese and English Cultures Every society treat all the world have their own views, and on this premise, they cultivate a set of inherent norms. Each society tends to be blind to its own way of life, and to reject the lives of others as heretical objects. To a great extent, culture is exhibited by the language. It is specifically manifested in people’s diet, clothing, architecture, artifacts, etiquette, customs, religion, politics, economy, law and other aspects. People’s response to color, appreciation and imagination is the result of the long-term cultivation and cultivation of cultural tradition. There is a consistency between the color words and their referential meaning, but theyhave many differences after all. The color words has the content that the referential meaning can not be completely covered. Once the color word obtains the connotative meaning or the cultural significance, it is no longer only refers to the objective or some concrete thing in the imaginary world, but a established thought method. The color word itself contains connotative meaning or cultural meaning, which can reflect the very important social meaning and cultural connotation. V ocabulary as an important embodiment of culture, contains a lot of original cultural information and reflecting the characteristics of the original culture, including customs, lifestyle, interpersonal relationships, social beliefs, religious faith, and so on. There is an environment for language in which the people who speak the language belong to the race (or many races). That is, it is used in a group which is separated from other groups because of its own different characteristics. Moreover, the language can not exist without culture, can not be separated from the various practices and information inherited by the existence of society. The cultural and social differences between English and Chinese result both English language and Chinese language has its own distinguishing features. So that the color words, as a portion of vocabulary, will inevitably contain different cultural connotations.1. Political System, History, Culture and ReligionIn Chinese, the color words are mainly influenced by history, culture and political systems. In historical and cultural aspects, the advocate of color since ancient in China is come from our forefathers’ worship of nature and the conception of Yin-Y ang and five elements. The inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty from Y in Dynasty ruins have proved that there is worship for Chinese god of four quartets in Shang Dynasty. To Zhou Dynasty, peoplematch the god in four quartets with the four seasons. To the Spring and Autumn period, the god in four quartets turn into the four emperors, and add a God in the central, so that there are Five Emperors. The Five Emperors is Y ellow Emperor, a legendary ruler, Zhuan, Emperor Xu, Ku, Y ao and Shun.They are regarded as the ancestors in the Chinese nation and are respected and adored. To the end of the Warring States period, the Five Emperors are attached to the Y in-Yang and five elements theory, which constitutes the Five Emperors with five assistance system. Our forefathers’ understanding of the Five Emperors with five assistance system give us clues of the Chinese nation’s advocate of color. Since ancient times, red and yellow are noble for Chinese, with white and black are humble. Chinese regard red as noble because of the ancient worship of the sun. The red color, the high temperature and the South place, make the ancients feel mysterious. In the Five Emperors with five assistance system, Emperor Y an guides the summer in south with Zhu Rong’s assistance. Its color is red. In Chinese, Emperor Y an and Zhu Rong’s name all contain “fire”. It is the symbol of the hottest sun. In this view, both Emperor Y an and Zhu Rong are all converted from the Sun. The ancients believed that the blue in the eastern symbolizes the growth of all things, and the red in the south symbolizes the flourish of all things. So the Chinese advocate blue and red. In Chinese culture, people regard yellow as the statue because of the worship of the earth since ancient times. And in the Five Emperors with five assistance system, the ground is in the center so the yellow is the center color. Its emperor is Emperor Huang. Emperor Huang is the legendary Chinese ancestors. Therefore, this self cantered cultural system, conform to the needs of the feudal rulers, so the emperor monopolizes yellow since ancient times. And yellow means noble and supreme. But white and black often contain uncomplimentary meaning in Chinese traditional culture. This is mainly because the direction and color have other meanings more than color for Chinese people. In the Five Emperors with five assistance system, the west is white, belongs to the fall, and the north is black, belongs to the winter. And for the ancients, people should harvest in autumn and store of grain in winter. Lives fade and draw to a close in autumn and winter. It brings lament and sorrow for people. The ancients feel sad in autumn, so the white means not quite clear. For example, Chinese people wear white clothes when their relatives pass away. And according to the theory of YIN, Y ANG and five elements, water is belong to the winter on season, black on color.the water belongs to YIN, and guides punishment and kill. So black represents the not quite clear, murder and other cultural connotations. In ancient times, people is facing black north when they call back the spirit of the dead. Therefore, Chinese regard the white and black means not quite clear since ancient times. This forms the color sequence and grade with Chinese characteristics: yellow, red, green, black and white. This sequence is also the color sequence of ancient Chinese clothing. In political system aspect, the feudal ruling class make the color as the distinction instrumentin social hierarchies to maintain the feudal hierarchy in period of Chinese feudal society, so that the color has cultural characteristics of noble or humble. It is mainly showed on the color of clothes which are wore by people in all kinds of social classes and their home furnishing and so on. As in the Tang Dynasty, official is divided into nine ranks, their official clothes’ color is different. The official clothes which above the third ranks is purple. The official clothes which belong to the fourth ranks and fifth ranks is red. The official clothes which belong to the sixth ranks and seventh ranks is green. There are ornamentation on the official clothes but not on the civilian clothes. So the civilian clothes is called “白衣” and the civilian is called “白丁”. “Red” symbolizes revolution, proletariat and socialism in Chinese modern societywhich influenced by modern history. For example, red political power, and the Chinese Workers’and Peasants’ Red Army. These Chinese color wordsall reveal the cultural connotation in Chinese culture.In English culture, color words are mainly influenced by religion. Christianity is the principle religion in western culture.So its culture is mainly influenced by the Bible. In the Bible, the black symbolizes the devil and wicked, harm and misfortune. So the black means the dead color. Such as the symbolic meaning of black Friday and Christianity are closely linked, which Friday refers to the day when Jesus suffers calamities or disasters. For many western people, white represents God, angel, happiness, noble and morality. In the Bible, Judah, the man who betrayed Jesus, wore the yellow clothes, so yellow was given a sense of timidity and impudicity. Derived by black, white and yellow, these phrases contained the cultural significance, such as black flag(the jolly Roger), black- hearted (malicious and evil), a white lie(a well-meaning lie), a white day (a lucky day), a yellow dog (a skunk person). Therefore, the western culture has a tradition that like white and dislike yellow.2. Folklore and customsLiterary allusions and folk legends containa lot of cultural connotations. Some quotations, historical figures and folk legends which become the language in the ethnic groups which spread and establish with a strong folk culture language then become a part of their life. People use them to express their perspectives, opinions and consciousness.There is a verse “the red bean is born in the south land” in the poet Wang Wei’s poem in Tang Dynasty Love sickness. The “red bean” also means the “jequirity”. If the British and the United States did not read the poem, they will not understand the the message conveyed by “red bean”. Some scholars translated it into “love pea”, its meaning is similar, but it doesn’t have the meaning “red”. As the Chinese word “红娘”, this allusions comes from the Chinese masterpiece The Romance of West Chamber. “红娘” is the maid of the leading character Cui Yingying in this book. She helpedthe other leading character Zhang to contact with Cui Yingying. So she is known as “a nonprofit making woman go-between for lovers” among the people. If Westerners don’tknow this special Chinese national culture, take it for granted that “红娘” is the “red lady”, he will make a foolish figure. That is, “红娘” can not be translated as “a lady in red” but “a matchmaker”.The English word “green - eyed” is comes from the third acts and third scenes in the plays of Shakespeare Othello. Iago said,“O !beware ,my lord,of jealousy;It is green - eyed monster which doth mock1;The meat deeds on I...”(Shakespeare, Zhu Shenghao, 2014)The English word “green” has a associative meaning “envy”. Withthe similar meaning of Chinese words “红眼病” and “眼红” is a typical Chinese pun from the dialect, and is used in many sentences. This pun rhetoric, “红眼病” refers to the disease both on eyes and psychology. It is revealing the cynical and humorous in Chinese culture. Black ox originated in ancient Greece and Rome myth, is used to express the meaning of “oldness” or“bad luck”. It is always used in the following sentence “the black ox has trod on somebody’s foot”. In ancient times, the goatherd felt a black sheep mixes in the flock is bad, so the black sheep is regarded as “the embodiment of the devil”. “Black sheep” referred to “a shame to a group”. Chinese has a same word “害群之马”(an evil member of the herd), it also refers to “a spendthrift in a family”. These colors’ differences between English and Chinese color words reflects the rich folk culture and historical origin of the two languages. And further proves that language is a mirror of the national culture.3. Ethnic Thinking and Cognitive StyleWhen talk about the relationship and the mode of thinking between Chinese and English cultures, we often agree that the differences between English and Chinese reflect the differences in the mode of thinkingbetween English and Chinese. People in English culture is used to think in formal analysis from small to large, and pay attention to the subjective role and make the subject as the center. But people in Chinese culture is used to think in overall view and think from large to small, starting from reality and focus on the combine of subject and object. We can find this character in Chinese translation of two English words “greenhouse” and “snakehead”. “Greenhouse” is “green” add “house”, but we translate “温室” in Chinese. Because Englishwant to express the inherent function of the houses, that the house can make plants in the “green” state in cold weather conditions. And Chinese want to express its overall impression to people, that is the “warmer” feeling than other house. And another example, snakefish is the fishes which have large mouths and have black heads. Westerners think that the fish’s head shape is distinguished from other fish, so this kind of fish is named as “snakehead”. But Chinese name it is based on the external characteristics of the color of the fish, so it is named as “黑鱼”(black fish).In addition, Chinese and western philosophy also provides us some clues to research the cognitive styles of Chinese and Western people. Chinese philosophy pay attention to “ideology” and Chinese culture pay attention to the “spirit”. Chinese paintersoftenwant to express their own spirit and thinking by theirpaintings. While the western philosophies pay attention to the “actuality”. Western culture lays emphasis on scientific and exactness. And the western painting also take care of the accurate description for the proportion of the object to express true feelings. This cultural character is also reflected in the color words. For example, red gives Chinese people a feeling of happy and successful visual effects. So Chinese like red, and like to call many things which color is close to the red as “red”. Such as the crimson sugar which can enrich the blood is known as “红糖” (red sugar). In fact, the sugar’s colo r closes to brown. English named it as “brown sugar” and it is more accurate. Similarly, the Chinese word “红茶”(red tea) is not really red. If you consider it together with “green tea”, the “red” and“green” in the words not only reflects the Chinese。
从颜色词看中英文化差异
从颜色词看中英文化差异中文摘要人类对于颜色的感觉有一定的共性，不同文化背景的人们对形象色彩的感知及审美体验大体上是相通的。
但颜色词除了表示大自然绚丽色彩外，在某种程度上也会体现不同的价值观和审美观，此时颜色词已不单纯是表示颜色的指称意义了，往往蕴含着不同的联想意义。
本文从英汉两民族在民族心理、历史传统、宗教信仰、生活习惯、情感色彩等方面来分析颜色词在不同文化中所存在的差异性，然后就文化差异对语言的影响做了比较详细的探讨，指出其共性与差异性，并对差异性进行了重点阐述。
最后初步探讨了在跨文化交际中如何处理这些文化差异的方式以及在翻译过程中采用适当的翻译方法等，以便尽量避免在跨文化交际中产生沟通障碍，真正达到交际的目的。
关键词: 颜色词；文化差异；跨文化交际；联想意义On Cultural Differences between English and Chinese from Color WordsAbstractMan has a common feeling about colors, because color words can not only express the natural gorgeous colors, but also reflect the view of value and the aesthetic standard of a people. To this point, color words have more than their literal meanings. They also have rich associative meanings. This article firstly analyzes the cultural differences of color words from the national psychology, historical tradition, religious beliefs, habits and customs, emotion of the color. And then it probes into their influences on the language with detailed discussion, pointing out the similarities and differences which exist in the language performance. Because the cultural difference has brought barriers on translation and international communication, finally the paper discusses the problem of how to deal with the culturaldifferences in human communication and proposes some processing ways as well as some translation methods in the translation process. Through analyzing and understanding some differences between two nations, we are trying to avoid the communication barrier in the international communication so that we can achieve the goal of successful communication.Key words: color word; cultural difference; international communication; associative meaning一.引言“英国文化人类学家爱德华.泰勒,在其1871年出版的<<原始文化>>一书中,首次把文化作为一个中心概念提了出来,并且将它的涵义系统地表述为:文化是一种复杂体,它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其余社会上习得的能力与习惯。
颜色词在英汉互译中的不对应性探析
- 223 -校园英语 / 翻译研究【摘要】颜色词汇属于“文化限定词”的一种，拥有十分鲜明的民族文化特点。
对颜色词在英汉互译中的不对应性进行研究，可以发现在英汉两种语言中颜色词共性与不对应性共存。
例如红色、蓝色、黄色等颜色在英汉两种语言中表述的过程中表述的含义存在很大差异。
造成这一现象的原因是思维方式与生活习惯的差别，价值取向差异以及政治与宗教环境等。
因此，在针对颜色存在的不对应性进行翻译的过程中要灵活的选择翻译策略，以便能够让目的语读者准确的理解源语言所要表达的涵义。
现文章主要针对颜色词在英汉互译中的不对应性进行研究。
【关键词】颜色词 英汉互译 不对应性在语言中颜色词类型众多，并且与语言背后的社会文化有着密切的关系。
由于英汉两种语言背后的文化差异较大，所以部分颜色词在两种语言中所表达的文化涵义会有所差异。
这一情况成为了跨文化交际与英汉互译的重点难点。
因此，针对颜色词在英汉互译中的不对应性进行研究对于跨文化交际，探索英汉语言背后的文化有着重要的意义。
一、颜色词在英汉互译中的不对应性颜色虽然是一种自然现象，但是在历史的长河中不同民族受到自然环境、传统文化、风俗习惯的影响，对颜色的观感与认知也不尽相同，对相同的颜色会形成不同的联想。
在英文与汉语中颜色词会就存在一定的不对应性。
1.红色。
红色(Red)在英语中的意思是流血的、暴力的、政治极端主义等，属于贬义词。
Red 的搭配词汇有“red bait ”(扣“赤色分子”帽子加以迫害)、“red handed ”(染血的，当场的)、“red tape ”(官样文章的，繁文缛节的)、“red battle ”(血战)等等。
而汉语中的“红”则是寓意着吉祥、热闹与喜庆，在婚宴、寿宴、逢年过节的时候人们都喜欢用红色来装点气氛。
“红红火火”、“开门红”等词汇都是颜色“红”的汉语词组，寓意着热闹、喜庆、好运气、顺利；“满堂红”寓意着胜利、兴旺。
2.蓝色。
蓝色(Blue)在英语中代表着社会地位较高、有权有势、出生名门。
中英文化差异下的颜色词翻译研究
中英文化差异下的颜色词翻译研究一、本文概述语言是文化的载体，而翻译作为跨文化交流的重要方式，在中英文化的交流与理解方面起着关键作用。
颜色词作为语言中不可或缺的一部分，其翻译受到文化差异的深刻影响。
本文旨在探讨中英文化差异下的颜色词翻译研究。
本文将介绍中英文化中颜色词的翻译差异。
由于社会习俗、历史文化、地理环境、思维习惯和宗教信仰等因素的影响，中英颜色词的翻译存在着许多差异。
例如，汉语中的“青”可以表示蓝色或绿色，而英语中的“blue”只能表示蓝色。
颜色词在中英文化中还具有特定的文化内涵，如汉语中的“红”常与喜庆、吉祥相关联，而英语中的“red”则可能与危险、愤怒相联系。
本文将探讨中英颜色词翻译的挑战和解决方法。
由于颜色词的翻译不仅涉及语言的转换，还涉及文化的理解和传达，因此译者在进行颜色词翻译时需要深入了解中英文化的内涵，并灵活运用翻译技巧。
例如，对于没有直接对应词汇的颜色词，译者需要根据上下文信息和其他词汇来传达原文的意思。
本文将讨论中英颜色词翻译研究的意义和启示。
了解中英颜色词翻译的差异对于跨文化交流具有重要意义，可以帮助我们更好地理解和欣赏不同文化的独特魅力。
同时，对于语言学习者和翻译工作者来说，掌握颜色词的翻译技巧也有助于提高语言表达的准确性和文化适应性。
本文将从文化差异的角度出发，对中英颜色词的翻译进行深入研究，以期为跨文化交流和语言学习提供有益的参考。
二、中英文化差异概述中英文化在许多方面都存在着差异，这些差异不仅体现在语言上，还体现在思维方式、价值观、社会习俗等方面。
美学观念的差异：中国文化讲究美学，追求虚无、逍遥和飘逸的境界，这种美学观念可以追溯到《诗经》的风格。
例如，风在中国文化中象征着自由和飘逸。
而英国文化则注重幽默，但这种幽默并非无厘头式的搞笑，而是具有深度和回味的幽默。
社交礼仪的差异：在中国，握手是最常见的见面礼节，拥抱则较为少见，通常只限于多年未见的老朋友或亲人之间。
而在英国，握手和拥抱都是常见的问候方式，亲吻脸颊也是朋友间常见的打招呼方式。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英汉双语中颜色词翻译的不对等性作者简介：王胜艳（1982-），女，吉林长春人，长春师范学院国际交流学院讲师，硕士学位，研究方向：社会语言学。
摘要：颜色词是我们生活中不可缺少的色彩，其中也蕴含着各民族不同文化的内涵。
在英汉颜色词翻译中，有时颜色词的字面意义和比喻意义并不完全对等，差异会很大。
了解英汉双语中颜色词的翻译差异，有助于译者进行有效翻译，避免出现断章取义、交际失败的错误。
关键词：颜色词翻译不对等
中图分类号：h314 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1006-026x（2012）11-0000-01
语言是文化的载体，与文化息息相关。
词汇除了字面意义之外，还有文化、传统和感情的成分，使其所产生的联想意义与原始疑义相差很大，给译者的翻译变得很难。
颜色词是我们日常生活中最显而易见的，而这种最常见的颜色词的英汉翻译有时也并非一件容易的事。
本文就黑、白、红、黄、绿五种基本颜色词的英汉翻译进行分析，阐述英汉双语中颜色词的概念意义和内涵意义的不对等性，使读者对语言和文化之间的千丝万缕的联系有个大致的了解，避免在跨文化交际中出现失误。
一、黑与black
英语中black的用法有时在汉语里找不到与之相对应的意思。
如：i could feel blood draining from my face.i wondered whether
i was about to black out.我能感到血从脸上淌下来。
我不知道自己是不是要昏过去了。
句中black out指暂时“失去知觉”和黑色没有什么关系。
black sheep 从字面上看是“黑色的绵羊”，可实际上是“败家子、害群之马”之意；a black day 是指“倒霉的一天”而不是“黑色的一天”；我们常说中国人是黄皮肤，黑眼睛但翻译是却不能用black eye，因为这是“丢脸”之意而不是“黑色的眼睛”。
汉语中的“黑”有时也不能用black来表达。
如：黑暗是dark；黑社会是underworld；黑客是hacker；黑话是argot；黑心是 evil mind ；黑幕是 inside story。
二、红色与red
红色在英语中也有象征庆祝、隆重和喜庆的日子。
a red letter day指纪念日、喜庆日、特别重要的日子；to paint the town red 指狂欢作乐；red cent指很少的钱；red tape指繁文缛节、繁琐的程序。
汉语中的红色和英语中的red也不完全对应。
红糖叫brown sugar；红茶是black tea；红豆是love pea；红火是flourishing；红包是bonus；红运是good luck。
三、白色与white
英语中的white含有纯洁、清白、幸运和吉利之意，make one s name white again指还某人清白、雪耻；a white lie指善意的谎言；a white day是吉日；white moment of life指人生得意之时；white slave则指被诱迫当娼妓的女子；white elephant指昂贵却无用的东西；white night指不眠之夜。
有时汉语中指的白
色，在英语翻译中则无white一词：白痴idiot；白发grey hair；白菜chinese cabbage；白费力in vain。
四、黄色与yellow
英语中yellow象征胆小、怯懦和卑鄙，yellow dog指卑鄙小人或是胆小鬼。
无论英语还是汉语中黄色都可以象征低级庸俗，美国有黄色小报yellow journalism专门刊登色情、凶杀、犯罪等低级趣味的新闻或文章。
而现代汉语中“黄色电影”“黄色书刊”“黄色音乐”则与yellow无关，译成英语时可用pornographic pictures 或obscene movies，filthy books，vulgar music；若是真的翻译成yellow movie外国人则看不懂，因为英语中没有这样的用法，若实在是想要用颜色来形容则会用blue来指汉语中的下流的、黄色的之意，blue movie黄色电影，blue jokes黄色笑话。
汉语中的黄昏是dusk；黄道吉日是a lucky day；炎黄子孙是chinese descendant；黄金时代golden age。
五、绿色与green
英语中绿色是生命、青春和旺盛的象征，in the green指在青春期，a green old age老当益壮。
green还可以指没有经验、不成熟的，如green hand生手。
greenhouse是温室；green revolution 是农业革命（为不发达国家的经济而大规模推广廉价高产的稻、麦及谷物的一项措施）；green with envy，green-eyed汉语均翻译为嫉妒的眼红。
综上所诉，颜色词在我们生活中随处可见，由于文化习俗等方
面的差异，颜色词的表达和理解也就有着很大的差异。
有些词语虽然用的颜色词却和颜色本身毫无关系，掌握由英汉文化差异、时代变迁所造成的颜色词翻译的不对等，有助于交际畅通有效的进行，避免由于理解失误而造成交际中的误解和麻烦。
参考文献
[1] 程永伟.从文化差异谈颜色词翻译中的“变色”[j].湖北第二师范学院学报，2012，（9）：112-114
[2] 纳成仓.英汉基本颜色词的文化异同及其翻译方法 [j].青海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版），2005，（6）：120-123
[3] 彭秋荣.英汉颜色词的文化内涵及其翻译 [j].中国科技翻译，2001，（1）：30-33
[4] 杨永林.社会语言学研究：文化·色彩·思维篇 [m].北京：高等教育出版社，2004，64-94。