科技英语翻译what从句定语从句
科技英语翻译方法
常用前后缀、词根
科技英语翻译
词类转化的译法 句子成分转换的译法 词序转变的译法 被动语态的译法 后置定语的译法 长句的译法
词类转化的译法
名词的转译
动词的转译
形容词的转译
英语中有些形容词(短语)表示“愿望、心理、情感” 等一类概念,相当于汉语的动词
专 业 英 语 Specialized English
——科技英语翻译方法
科技英语 English for Science and Technology 简称EST 是一种用英语阐述科学技术中的理论、技术、实验和现 象等的英语体系,它在词汇、语法和文体诸方面都有自 己的特点,从而形成一门专门学科。
副词的转译
介词的转译
句子成分转换的译法
所谓句子成分转换的译法,是把句子的 某一成分(如主语)译成另一成分(如宾语 等)。在多数情况下,词类转译必然导致句 子成分的转译,例如:当英语的动词转译为 汉语的名词或副词时,该动词的谓语成分也 就相应地转译为汉语的主语.宾语或状语等。 成分转换的目的是使译文通顺,符合汉 语习惯。
混成法(blending)
把两个词的一头一尾连在一起.构成一个新词。
positron=positive+electron 正的+电子=正电子 medicare=medical十care 医学的+照管=医疗保障 aldehyde=alcohol十dehydrogenation 醇十脱氢=醛
符号法(signs) 字母形象法(letter symbolizing) X-ray U-pipe
后置定语多
后置定语是位于其所修饰的名词之后的定语,汉语常用前 置定语或多个简单句来说明某概念或某术语,而科技英语 则更多地使用后置定语。 If we now visualize a region of space filled with a tremendous number of charges separated by minute distances. We see first that the field cannot vary with y or with z, and then that the y and z components arising from differential elements of charge symmetrically located with respect to the point at which we wish the field will cancel.
科技英语翻译句子
●A black hole exerts a strong gravitational pull and it has no matter.黑洞产生很强的吸引力,可是它没有物质。
● A calorie is defined as the quantity of heat required at one atmosphere to raise thetemperature of one gram of water through 1℃,usually from 14.5℃to 15.5℃.一卡路里定义为在一个大气压力条件下,使一克水温度增加1℃所需要的热量,通常是指从14.5℃t提高到15.5℃。
● A chicken is a suitable specimen for the study of the general external features of abird.鸡是研究禽类外部特征的合适范例。
● A collection of data is called a data set, and a single observation a data point.一批数据叫数据集,(而)单个观测结果叫数据点。
● A computer is a device which takes in a series of electrical impulses representinginformation, combines them, sorts them, analyses and compares the information with that stored in the computer.计算机是一种装置,该装置接受一系列含有信息的电脉冲,对这些电脉冲进行合并,整理,分析,并将它们与储存在机内的信息进行比较。
● A computer work many times more rapidly than nerve cells in the human brain.计算机工作起来比人类大脑中的神经细胞要快很多倍。
科技英语翻译技巧-整理版
There were times when emigration bottleneck was extremely rigid and nobody was allowed to leave the country out of his personal preference.
(英语科技论文翻译技巧)
Characteristics of Language Structure :
(语言结构特点)
Nouns (大量使用名词化结构); Passive sentences (广泛使用被动句); Non-finite verbs(非限定动词);
Postpositional attributives(后置定语);
译:过去有过这种情况:移民限制极为严格,不允许任何人出于个人考 虑而迁居他国。(bottleneck不译“瓶颈”或“(交通)狭口”,preference 不译“偏爱” )
There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.
International business as a field of management training deals with the special features of business activities that cross national boundaries.
译:作为管理训练一个领域的国际商务具有跨国商务活动的专 门特征。(不译“安排,处理,涉及,做生意”)
译:我们要完全掌握集成电路,还必须经过三个阶段。(不译”毕业于 “)
科技英语翻译总结(刘文东 亲自整理)
————edited by Liu Wendong Time:2012-12-3 13:03:54
’s do some translation first. (Take out a sheet of scratch paper, please.) 一、 Now let let’
第 1 页 共 10 页
the superiority (优势)of A to B the relationship of A to B the attraction(引力)of A for B the susceptibility (磁化系数)of A to B the sensitivity (敏感性)of A to B the applicability (适用性)of A to B the perpendicularity (正交性)of A to B the immunity (免疫力)of A to [from] B the familiarity (熟悉、亲密)of A with B 2. The “noun” comes from an intransitive(不及物的) verb, in which case “A” is the logical subject of the logical action expressed by the “noun.” Translation pattern: “A。 。 。B 的~” 例:This curve shows the dependence of the output on [upon] the input. 译:该曲线画出了输出对于输入的依赖关系。 例:图 1 画出了电流随阻抗的变化情况。 译:Fig. 1 shows the variation of current with impedance (as a function of impedance)(the graph of current against impedance.)(versus[vs.] impedance.) the passage (走廊、通路)of A through B the motion of A round [around] B the departure of A from B the deviation of A from B 偏离 the reaction of A to B the interaction of A with B 3.A special case: the increase/reduction (decrease)[rise (fall)] in [of] A with B 译:“A 随 B 的~” 4.The “noun” comes from a transitive verb, in which case “A” is the logical object of the action expressed by the “noun.” ” is put into a transitive verb so that the “V-O ” pattern is Translation technique: The “noun noun” V-O” used. 例:In solving the problem, the resolution of this force into x- and y-components is necessary. 译:在解这个题的时候,需要把这个力分解为 x 分量 y 分量。 例:Gradually, the usefulness of microprocessors as central processing unit was realized. 译:人们逐渐地实现了把微分处理器用作中央处理器。 a comparison of A with B the transformation of A into [to] B the use of A as B the exposure of A to B the separation of A from [into] B the protection of A from B the isolation of A from B the transfer of A to B the conversion of A to [into] B 三、what 从句 what 从句属于名词性从句,它可以作主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。what 在引导 名词性从句时被称为连接代词,它在从句中充当句子成分。 (1)what 在从句中表示疑问词的含义,把它翻译成“什么”,“何”,“哪个”,“哪些”,“多大”等。 例:What particular properties this kind of particle has had not been found out. 译:尚没有发现这种粒子有什么样的特殊性质。
科技英语课文句子翻译Unit1-10
Sentence TranslationUnit 1Text A1.However, the volume of business done on the Internet is growing rapidly, as people orderbooks and other products to make money transactions.但是,因特网上的交易数量急速增长,人们从网上购书和其他的产品,进行资金交易。
2.They use them to prowl the Internet, looking for ways to break into computers systems runby banks, telephone companies and even government departments.他们用电脑上网,寻找能够进入银行电脑系统、电话公司的电脑系统、甚至是政府的电脑系统的方式。
3.The first indication of a security breach may be when a customer discovers a fraudulentmoney transaction on a credit card account.当顾客发现信用卡的帐号上出现了来历不明的消费时,这可能就是安全受到了破坏的第一个标志。
4.The use of credit cards to buy things on the Internet converts the issue of Internet securityinto one of general security.用信用卡在网上购物使网络安全变成了大众所普遍关注的安全的一种5.Few people think twice about giving a credit card number over the phone and many areequally careless about what happens to the carbon copy when completing a transaction over the counter.很多人会在电话里随意报出自己的信用卡号码,同样地,也有很多人不留意交易完成后放在银行柜台上的副本。
孟庆元工程力学专业英语阅读7
2、 what 作为关系代词,可译为“所…的东西”,“所…的”, 还可根据上下文译成“…的+名词”,“那种+名词”等
What is worrying the world greatly now is a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas, or other sources of fuel in the not too distant future.
An element is a simple substance that cannot be broken up into anything simpler.
元素是一种单质,它不能再分任何更简单的物质。
4、that 作为连词引出同位语从句的译法
4.1、同位语从句与主句分译,that译成“即” Energy takes many forms, but all these forms can be reduced
that 作为关系代词,引出定语从句;定语从句可以合译 也可分译,that 的处理方法也随之而异。 3.1、合译时 that 不译,在定语从句之末添“的”字
Power is the rate that mechanical move is performed at. 功率是作机械运动的速率。
3.2、分译时, that 有两种译法: a )重复所代替的名词;b)译成“它” Master is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物质由分子组成,而分子由原子组成。
to the statement that energy is the capacity to do work. 能量具有很多形式,但所有这些形式都可以归纳为这
科技英语翻译
浅谈科技英语翻译A brief disscusion about translation of S&T摘要:科技即科学技术,它是推动各行各业发展的关键因素。
二战以后,科学技术的突飞猛进为社会的加速发展注入了强进的动力。
随着世界经济的蓬勃发展,科技的作用也日益明显。
继而全球经济一体化的形成,国与国之间的往来必不可少。
而在这个时候,作为全世界通用的语言———英语,成了人们交流沟通的必要工具。
就这样,翻译就诞生了。
继而,出现了各种文体的翻译,在这我只浅谈科技英语的翻译。
Abstract : Science and Technology , are the main factors in promoting all industries . Afterthe World warⅡ , the improvement of science and technology provides the strong forcefor the development of our society . With the development of world economy , scienceand technology play effective roles . Then comes the economic globlalization , the communication among countries is indespensible . At this time , English appears ,as the most popular language all over the world , becoming this very tool . Then Translation come into being . Later , different kinds of translation follow . HereI just make a brief disscusion about Translation of Science and Technology .关键词:科技经济全球化交流翻译Key words : Science and Techonology economic globalization communication translation一.科技文体的分类。
科技英语翻译
3. The actuator is very small and light. It can be used for incorporation in the space of the safety device. The small size and light weight of the actuator makes it suitable for incorporation in the space available in the safety device.
(3) The abundant use of Non-finite verb 科技文章要求行文简练,结构紧凑,为此,往往使用分词短 语代替定语从句或状语从句;使用分词独立结构代替状语从句 或并列分句;使用不定式短语代替各种从句;介词十动名词短 语代替定语从句或状语从句。这样可缩短句子,又比较醒目。
2) lexical features of EST and the techniques of translation
3) sentence features of EST and the techniques of translation
4) discourse features of EST and the techniques of translation 课程的重点是科技英语文体的词汇和语篇特征。难点是科技 英语的翻译技巧。
A Practical Course on EST Translation
Questions: 1. What are the features of EST?
2. How to deal with the conflict between fidelity and fluency in EST translation? 3. What are the techniques of EST translation?
科技英语翻译_中篇总结
科技英语翻译中篇第一章科技英语翻译常用技巧1.Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the later.气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。
2.The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.使用电子计算机可以大大提高劳动生产率。
3.The flowing of current first in one direction, and then in another makes an alternatingcurrent.电流先向一个方向流动,然后又向另一个方向流动构成交流电。
4.If we were ignorant of the structure of the atom, it would be impossible for us to studynuclear physics.我们如果不知道原子的结构,就不可能研究核子物理学。
5.Both of the substances are not soluble in water.这两种物质都不溶于水。
6.Whenever one body touches another, heat always passes by the conduction from thewarmer to the colder.当一个物体接触到另一个物体时,热量总是从较热的物体传导到较冷的物体。
7.All of this proves that we must have a profound study of properties of protein.所有这一切证明,我们必须深入的研究蛋白质的特性。
8.The wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development ofscience and technology.电子计算机的广泛应用对科学和技术的发展有极大的影响。
科技英语的翻译——12 虚拟语气
虚拟语气科技文章中常常提出一些设想、推理或判断,内容与事实相反,或者不大可能实现,而是说话人的主观愿望、建议、要求之类,为了同客观存在的实际相区别,英语中要求用虚拟语气。
1.虚拟简单句:由should/would/could/might+动词原形构成,表示主观对客观事物的看法、愿望、请求、建议等[例句] Knowledge of the basic concepts of matrix algebra would be helpful but is not essential. [译文] 掌握有关矩阵代数的基本概念会有助于学习,但并非必须具备。
[例句] In this case, there would be no need to have security mechanisms within the network itself. [译文]在这种情况下网络本身不需要密码机。
2.虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法[例句] If there were no attraction between the proton and the electron, the electron would fly away from the proton in a straight line. (表示与现在事实相反)[译文] 如果质子与电子之间不存在引力,电子就会以沿一直线飞离质子。
[例句] Had it not been for computers a large number of technological advances would have been quite impossible. (表示与过去事实相反)如果没有计算机,大批技术成就是根本不可能获得的。
注:上述条件状语从句中省略if,而将句子的主语和谓语动词部分倒装。
[例句] If we were to travel by space rocket to the moon we would find it quite a different place from our own planet the earth.(表示与将来事实相反)[译文] 如果我们乘宇宙飞船到月球上去旅行,我们将会发现,月球与我们自己的星球——地球是完全不一样的。
科技英语翻译第9章详解
Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse
第1节 句子成分的译法 4. 宾语的译法 Instructions and microinstructions do not
have the same format. 指令和微指令的格式不同。〔译为主语〕 Each organism owes its existence to genes it
an energy source. 应当强调指出,激光器并不是一个能源。〔译为无主句〕
Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse
第1节 句子成分的译法 2. 谓语的译法 Using a person’s voice as an identifier is based on
Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse
第2节 否认句的译法 5.几乎否认句的译法 在英语中,几乎否认虽然没有完全否认,但肯定的含义很
少,通常这些句子中都含有barely,hardly, rarely, scarcely, few, little, seldom, almost no等表示几乎否认 的词。汉译时,可以为“极少〞、“几乎没〔不〕〞、 “很少〞等。 Little information is given as to the origin of life. 关于生命起源方面的资料极少。 Curiously, Uranus has almost no such excess heat. 奇怪的是天王星几乎没有这种多余的热量 。
Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse
科技英语在翻译及使用中要注意的几个特点
科技英语在翻译及使用中要注意的几个特点广泛使用被动语句根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计,科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。
这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确。
第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。
因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态,例如:Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。
而很少说:You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。
此外,如前所述,科技文章将主要信息前置,放在主语部份。
这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。
试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。
We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads.电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。
这样的装置称之为电容器,其储存电能的能力称为电容。
电容的测量单位是法拉。
这一段短文中各句的主语分别为:Electrical energySuch a deviceIts ability to store electrical energyIt (Capacitance )它们都包含了较多的信息,并且处于句首的位置,非常醒目。
四个主语完全不同,避免了单调重复,前后连贯,自然流畅。
足见被动结构可收简洁客观之效。
非限定动词如前所述,科技文章要求行文简练,结构紧凑,为此,往往使用分词短语代替定语从句或状语从句;使用分词独立结构代替状语从句或并列分句;使用不定式短语代替各种从句;介词十动名词短语代替定语从句或状语从句。
科技英语翻译的5种常用翻译技巧
两分钟做个小测试,看看你的英语程度美联英语提供:科技英语翻译技巧科技英语翻译的5种常用翻译技巧1 顺译法:(Synchronizing)有些英语长句所表达的事物根本上是按照时间或逻辑的顺序安排的。
这与汉语表达的方法根本一致,因此翻译一般可以按照原文顺序译出。
例如:1(1) For these forms of pollution as for all the others, (2) the destructive chain of cause and effect goes back to a prime cause: (3) too many cars, too many factories, more and more trials left by supersonic jutes, inadequate methods for disinfecting sewers, too little water, too much carbon monoxide.这个句子是由一个主句、一个状语和一个同位语组成的。
主句是(2) 破坏的因果关系链可归根于一个主要原因,也是全句的中心内容。
主句前的(1)是方式状语,(3)是主句的同位语。
原文各句的逻辑关系、表达顺序与汉语完全一致,因此可以按照原文的顺序翻译。
译文:这些形式的污染象所有其他形式的污染一样,起破坏性的因果关系链可可归根于一个主要的原因:太多的汽车、工厂、洗涤剂、杀虫剂,越来越多的喷气式飞机留下的尾气,缺乏的污水消毒处理方法,太少的水源,太多的一氧化碳。
2 (1)Fossil fuel emit another 5.2 billion metric tons of CO2 into the air each year, (2) while the burning of tropical forests emits roughly 1.8 billion metric tons of CO2-(3) both contributing to a build up of carbon dioxide (4) that willsoon trigger the greenhouse effect. 在这个句子中,主句是(1),(2)是主句的并列句,(3)是同位语,(4)是定语从句。
科技英语课本学习知识句子翻译Unit10
Sentence TranslationUnit 1Text A1.However, the volume of business done on the Internet is growing rapidly, as people orderbooks and other products to make money transactions.但是,因特网上的交易数量急速增长,人们从网上购书和其他的产品,进行资金交易。
2.They use them to prowl the Internet, looking for ways to break into computers systems runby banks, telephone companies and even government departments.他们用电脑上网,寻找能够进入银行电脑系统、电话公司的电脑系统、甚至是政府的电脑系统的方式。
3.The first indication of a security breach may be when a customer discovers a fraudulentmoney transaction on a credit card account.当顾客发现信用卡的帐号上出现了来历不明的消费时,这可能就是安全受到了破坏的第一个标志。
4.The use of credit cards to buy things on the Internet converts the issue of Internet securityinto one of general security.用信用卡在网上购物使网络安全变成了大众所普遍关注的安全的一种5.Few people think twice about giving a credit card number over the phone and many areequally careless about what happens to the carbon copy when completing a transaction over the counter.很多人会在电话里随意报出自己的信用卡号码,同样地,也有很多人不留意交易完成后放在银行柜台上的副本。
科技英语常用句型4
《专业英语(制药工程)》【科技英语的常用句型和翻译技巧】一、概述1. 翻译的要求The Criteria of Translation:信、雅、达2. 科技英语词汇(上节课已经介绍)3. 科技英语句子的特点二、科技英语常用句型及翻译1. 被动语态1)被动语态的常用原因常用被动语态主要见于以下几个方面:①不必或无法说出主动者For a long time aluminum has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.长期以来,铝被当作一种有效的防止金属腐蚀的材料。
►The book has already been translated into many languages.②强调行为对象,而非行为者,将行为对象作为句子的主语Three machines can be controlled by a single operation.三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。
►The work must be finished at once.③为了更好的联系上下文►They are going to build a library here next year. It is going to be build beside the classroom building.2)被动语句的翻译方法(1)仍译为被动句最常见的是在谓语前加上助词“被”,也可使用“受到,遭到,得到,叫,称,让,给,加以,为……所”等句式。
偶尔也可不加任何词直接译出。
We remember how air can be made into a liquid. If the liquid is warmed again, it “boiled”and turns back into a gas.我们记得是如何把空气制成液体的。
如果给这种液体重新加热,它“沸腾汽化”,就又还原成气体。
科技英语翻译(1)修改版
Features
可见,同样的内容,科技文体的行文和日常英语
的表述方式有很大的差异。
日常英语表述主观,用词通俗易懂,句式简洁明
白,表达方式直观。
科技英语表述客观,行文简练,句式严整,用词
正式,专业术语多,名词性短语多,句中主要信 息前置,通过主语传递主要信息。
Features
1. Vocabulary features
(7) 复杂长句使用频繁
Syntactic Features
(一)大量使用名词化结构(准确性)
《当代英语语法》(A Grammar of Contemporary)在
论述科技英语时提出,大量使用名词化结构 (Nominalization)是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文 体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强 调存在的事实而非某一行为。
single-phase switch-mode inverter.
图1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器(转换器)。
Syntactic Features
2) A three-phase circuit, as it was pointed out above, is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.
Syntactic Features
客观性(Objectiveness) 准确性(accuracy) 精练性(conciseness)
(1) 大量使用名词化结构 (2) 大量使用非谓语结构 (3) 多用后置形容词短语作定语 (4) 被动语句使用频繁 (5) 省略句使用频繁 (6) It句型和祈使句使用频繁
Vocabulary Features
5专业英语翻译---焊接词汇
3、名词性从句的翻译
(2)主语从句的翻译
主语从句+主句谓语+其他成分。 It+谓语+that(whether)引导的从句。
它们一般是译在句首,作为主从复合句的主语。 这样的词有关联词what,which,how,why,where,
3、名词性从句的翻译
(3)表语从句的翻译
由that,what,why,how,when,where,whether等连 词和关联词引导的。
That(This)is why…句型。 This(It)is because…句型。 This is what…句型。
一般来讲,可以先译主句,后译从句。
主句前加译“这”。 有时为了使译文成分完整,可以补充上泛指的主语(如人
们…、大家…)。
It follows that action and reaction always act on different bodies but never act on the same body.
译文:由此可见,作用力和反作用力总是作用在不同的物体上,而永不作 用在同一物体上。
两台仪器并不都是精密的。√
两台仪器都不是精密的。×
2、简单句和并列句的翻译
(4)否定句的翻译方法
含有全体意义的代词和副词
all
+ 否定式谓语
every
不表示全部否定,而只表示部分否定。 Nhomakorabeaboth
不能译作“一切……都不”
always
应译为“并非一切……都是的”,或“一
altogether
定语从句在科技英语中的应用及翻译
在以上两句中, 第一句“ 先行词T o ” hs 是复数, 系代词w o e 关 h也
就看作是复数, 所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式f 了; l l 第二句“ ' e
” 所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式a 。 m 关系词对于定语从句的构成至关重要 , 可以说 , 掌握不好关 先行词I是第一人称单数 , 另外 , 对于“n f先行词” oe + o 结构 , 定语从句的动词 的数不是 系词就无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思 。 定语从句中的关
识别先行词的修饰对象。 般说来 , 定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种:
一
( )在先行词与定语从句之 间插入一个状语 。如 :ee sy 1 Nv ra
n t n e idap r ’ akt t u w ud ’ a ohs ae a y igb hn esnsbc a o olntsyt i fc.乍 一 h o h y
即通过一个关系词把定语从句跟 主句连接起来 ,定语从句
般紧跟在被 它修饰的先行词之后 , 系词在意义上等同于先行 关 词; 但要特别注意的是 , 有时候关 系词 和先行词之间有可能插入