Module 1 Unit 2 Grammar and usage定语从句(2)(学案)

Module 1 Unit 2 Grammar and usage

定语从句（2）（学案）

一、“介词+关系代词”结构

1. 可代替when, where, why, that等关系词

e.g. There is no reason for which (why) we shouldn’t be friends.

2. 介词后面的关系词不能省略。

e.g. Here is the money with which to buy a piano.

3. that前不能有介词。

4. 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构能够跟关系副词when 和

where 互换。

e.g. This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?

Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

（一）基本用法

关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用，又在从句中作状语，when, where和why分别表示时间，地点和原因。

1. when：在从句中作时间状语。常用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。

e.g. April the first is the day when people make fun of others.

=April the first is the day on which people make fun of others.

2. where：在从句中作地点状语。常可由in which, on which, at which, on which等取代。

e.g. This is the house where he lived two years ago.

=This is the house in which he lived two years ago.

3. why：在定语从句中作原因状语。可用for which代替。

why不可引导非限定性定语从句，此时可用for which代替。

e.g. This is the reason why he went away.

=This is the reason for which he went away.

（二）关系副词常可用“介词+关系代词”的结构改写

这里的关系代词只限于which和whom，例如

①I will never forget the night when I met you for the first time.

=I will never forget the night on which I met you for the first time.

②This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

=This is the house where I lived two years ago.

③We don’t know the reason for which he suddenly fell ill.

=We don’t know the reason why he suddenly fell ill.

注意：并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代。

e.g. I am very impressed by the way in which he works.

这里in which 代表的是in the way, 在句中作方式状语。只有当介词+关系代词结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时，才能相对应地用when, where和why代替。

（三）如何判断是用关系代词还是关系副词

这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。前者充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，后者充当状语。

试比较下面两组句子：

①This is the factory that/which produces radios.

This is the factory where radios are produced.

第一句中划线部分在从句中作主语，故而应选用关系代词：

The factory produces radios.

而第二句中划线部分在从句中作地点状语故而应选用关系副词：

Radios are produced in the factory.

②Do you remember the days (that) we spent together?

Do you remember the days when we worked together?

第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语：We spent the days together. 而第二句中关系副词作时间状语：We worked together during the days.

（四）一些需要特殊记忆的关系词的用法

1. I don’t like the way in which he look at people.

当先行词是way时，除了in which，还能够用that来引导定语从句。that还经常省略。

e.g. Judging from the way he walked, I believe he was wounded in the leg.

2. Finally came the day when he had to leave his hometown.

当先行词为time, moment, day等，并在从句中作状语时，从句也能够用that引导，that 也常省略。又如：

①It was the first time(that) we had stayed up so late.

②The momen t (that/when) he sent the mail, John realized what a mistake he had made.

③She was the only girl I went steady with during the four years (that /when) I was at university.

三、关系副词的省略：

1. the time, every time, each time, the moment等后的关系副词能够省略。

e.g. By the time(when) he was fourteen years old, Jim had learnt more than two thousand