非谓语动词的独立主格结构

非谓语动词的独立主格结构

英语中常用独立主格结构表达复杂信息，独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语是不一致的，它独立存在。“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。

一、不定式构成的独立主格结构

不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语。

Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day.

由于有很多的家庭作业需要做，我只好一整天呆在家里。

So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job.

有这么多的孩子需要照顾，这位母亲只好辞了工作。

二、动词-ing形式构成的独立主格结构

动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就是不正确的。如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，在句中常作时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语、原因状语和条件状语。

（1）表示时间

The audience having seated themselves, the concert began.

（= After the audience had seated themselves ...）

观众坐好之后，音乐会开始了。

（2）表示方式或伴随

The coward was backing, his face being deathly pale, toward another room.

(= The coward was backing ... room while his face was ...)

那个胆小鬼脸色煞白向另一个房间退去。

（3）表示原因

The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.

(= As the guide led the way ...)

有向导领路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。

（4）表示条件

Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.

(= If weather permits ...)

如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

三、过去分词构成的独立主格结构

过去分词构成的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+ 过去分词”构成，在句中作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语等。

（1）表示时间

The task completed, we had a global traveling.

(= The task having been completed ... = After the task was completed ...)

完成任务后，我们进行了一次环球旅行。

（2）表示方式或伴随

When in trouble, Sadie would sit alone, head bent.

(= ... Sadie would sit alone and her head was bent.)

塞迪遇到麻烦时，总是低着头独自坐着。

（3）表示原因

Thousands of eyes fixed upon her, Nora felt on edge.

（= As thousands of eyes were fixed upon her ...）

上千只眼睛看着她，诺拉感到紧张。

Many funny pictures included in this book, a great many children love reading it. (= As many funny pictures were included in this book ...)

这本书包括很多有趣的图片，所以很多孩子喜欢阅读。

（4）表示条件

The book written in simple English, it will be more popular.

(= If the book is written in simple English ...)

如果这本书用简易英语写的话，将会更受欢迎。

More time and money given, we can finish the work in advance.

(= If more time and money are given ...)

如果给予更多的时间和金钱，我们就能提前完成这项工作。