高考英语非谓语动词不定式语法知识点

高考英语语法非谓语动词不定式用法精讲
不定式1．作主语
不定式作主语常见的是it 作形式主语，放在句首，将真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子后面。

It’s easy to be wise afterthe event.
Itis right to give up smoking.
2．作宾语I find it interesting to study history.
1.直接作宾语句型：动词（vt）+ to do
解读：直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语。

这时句子有以下两个特点：
第一：句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的，不定式的语态需看与句子主语的关系。

第二：这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度；不定式动作则说明行为。

经典例句：
1)Nobodywants to be laughed at.
2)Thiscompany refused to cooperate with us.
经典例题：
1.I don't want ____like I' m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager' s plan isunfair. (2005天津卷)
A. to sound
B. to be sounded
C. sounding
D. to have sounded
2.I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______talking while she works. (2006北京卷)
A.working ; stopping
B. to work ; stopping
C.working ; to stop
D. towork ; to stop
3.As a young man , I hate______________ in public.
ughed at
B. to be laughed at
C. to laugh at
ughing at
2.句型：某些及物动词+连词+to do
解读：在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what, who , which）或连接副词（how, when, where）
及连词whether 后面接一个带to 的动词不定式作宾语。

常见的动词有：ask,decide, explain, forget, find out , guess, imagine , know, wonder.
经典例句：
1)Iwonder who to invite.
2)Showus what to do .
3)Idon’t know whether to answer his letter.
考点解读：
①不定式的语态：必须用主动形式，此时易误选为被动形式。

②当连接词为代词时，不定式为及物动词，且其后不加宾语。

经典例题：
1.There’s so much delicious food! I can’t decided________.
A . what toeat B.when to eat C. how to eat D. where to eat
2.Can you tell me ________ on the Internet?
A. how tosearch
B.how search
C. where can I search
D. when can I search
3.He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion. (2009四川卷)
A. to have
B. having
C. have
D. had
3．不定式作宾语后置：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，构成句型“动词+ it +宾补（名词或形容词）+宾语to do ”。

经典例句：
Ithink it hard to answer the question in one go.我觉得很难一下子回答这个问题。

Hefeelsitchallenging to be a marketing supervisor .
经典例题：
ing many symbols makes______to put a large amount of information on a singlemap.
A.possible
B. it is possible
C.it possible
D. thatpossible
2.The chairman thought necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at themeeting . (2005全国卷1)
A.that
B. it
C. this
D. him
3.Asthe busiest woman in Norton, she made ______her duty to look after all theother people’s affairs in that town. (2006湖南卷)
A.this
B. that
C. one
D. it
4.I’d appreciate ____ if you would lik e to teach me how to use the computer.(2006山东卷)
A.that
B. it
C. this
D. you
5.The fact that she was foreign made _____difficult for her to get a job in thatcountry. (2010辽宁卷33)
A.so
B. much
C. that
D. it
6.The two girls are so alike that strangers find ______ difficult to tell onefrom the other. （2011山东卷）
A. it
B. them
C. her
D. that
7.New technologies have made ____ possible to turn out new products faster and ata lower cost. 【2012四川】
A.that
B. this
C. one
D. it
3．作宾语补足语He asked me to work withhim.
4．作定语
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。

Pleasegive me a knife to cut with.
但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place，way，不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。

Hehad no money and no place to live.
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。

试比较：
Haveyou anything to send？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)
Haveyou anything to be sent？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)
5．作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件
Hehurried to the school only to find nobody there.(结果)
句型1：形容词+to do（语言山表述为：形容词后面的动词不定式）
解读1：该形容词为表示动作特点的形容词时，一般做两种成分：表语和宾补
★当该形容词作表语时，句子主语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

★当该形容词作宾补时，句子宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的动宾关系。

经典例句：
1)Sheis very nice to talk to .
2)Maryis easy to get on with.
3)Ifind English difficult to speak.
4)Ifind Football very interesting to watch.
★此句型三大考点
①不定式动词一般不用被动形式：（最容易出错）
②不定式后不能再加宾语：
③不定式动词所带的介词不能省略：
经典例题：
1.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _____ intosmall pieces. （2011安徽卷）
A.break
B. breaking
C. broken
D.to break
2.This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.【2012辽宁】
A.operating
B. to be operating
C. operated
D.to operated
解读2：在本句型中，如果形容词是表示人的性格特征（如：brave, careful, clever, considerate , foolish, generous , kind ,等）或情绪感受（happy；surprised；glad；honored）的词。

句子主语或宾语和不定式动词可构成逻辑上的主谓关系.
1)Hewas kind to help us .
2)Theboy was careless to break the window .
3)Wethink the boy careless to break the window.
经典例题：
1.The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy___ anythingthat happened to be on. 【2012全国卷II】
A. to watch
B. watching
C. watched
D. to have watched
2.I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. (2008北京卷)
A.to welcome
B. welcoming
C.to be welcomed
D.welcomed
3.We were astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition. (2010辽宁卷)
A.finding
B. to find
C. find
D. to be found
4.Thedifference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2more comfortable ____. （2011福建卷）
A.held
B. holding
C. be held
D.tohold
句型2：不定式作目的状语，可构成句型：
Todo/In order to do sth , 主语+谓语或主语+谓语+to do/in orderto do/so as to do.
经典例句：
1.Hating people is like burning down your own house to get red of a rat.]
2.To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire wisdom, one must observe.
3.We had better start early to catch the train.
4.We had better start early so as to catch the train.
5.I went to the post office in order to mail a letter .
1.so as to 一般不用在句首。

但to do 或in order to do 可提到句首。

2.目的状语放在句首时，和句子之间要有“，”间隔；当目的状语位于句末时，和句子之间不可以有“，”间隔。

3.不定式的语态：看与句子主语的关系：主动——to do；被动——to be done。

经典例题：
1.When asked why he went there, he said he was sent therefor a space flight.(2007江西卷)
A.training
B.being trained
C.to have trained
D.tobe trained
2.the safety of gas, the government has checked the city’s gas supply systemthoroughly. (2007上海春)
A. Toensure
B.Ensuring
C. Having ensured.
D. To have ensured
3.,you need to give all you have and try your best. (2009辽宁卷)
A.Being a winner
B. To be awinner
C. Be a winner
D.Having been a winner
句型3 作结果状语，可构成句型：主+谓（，）only to do。

指意想不到或不愉快的结果，结果状语必须放在句末。

经典例句：
1)Wehurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left.
2)Theylifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚
注意：分词作结果状语，一般表示意料之中的结果。

如：
1)Hisparents died, leaving him an orphan.
2)Itrained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.
经典例题：
1..All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas. (2005辽宁卷)
A.in order to have received
B. in order to receive
C. so as tobe received
D.so as to be receiving
2.He hurried to the booking office only ________ that all the tickets had beensold out. (2006陕西卷)
A.to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
3.George returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him. 【2012山东】
A. to betold
B.telling
C. being told
D. told
4.He comes home late every evening, ____________his wife very angry.
A.make
B.only to make
C. making
D. made
句型4:sb seem/appear/pretend… + to do/to be doing/to have done
解读：本句型中关键是判断不定式的时态。

To be doing 正在做；tohave done 已经做了；to do 要去做。

经典例句：
1)Heseems to have finished his work.
2)Whenthe teacher came in , all the students pretended to be studying.
3)Theold man appeared to be asleep.
经典例题：1. I don’t know whether you happen__________, but I’m goingto study in theU.S.A.this September . A．to be heard B．tobe hearing C．to hear D．to have heard
2.Lookat the pride on Tom’s face. He _______ to have been praised by the manager justnow.
A.seemed
B. seems
C. had seemed
D.is seeming
3.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the artof communicating face-to-face. (2011上海卷)
A.losing
B. to be losing
C. to be lost
D. having lost
句型5sth be said/reported/believed/thought/considered +to do/to be doing/to havedone
解读：
1)在此结构中主语必须是sth或sb，不能是形式主语it，动词后必须用不定式，不能用that 从句。

2)此结构中关键是判断不定式的时态和语态：语态判断与句子主语的关系；时态：To be doing 正在做；tohave done 已经做了；to do 要去做。

经典例句: 1)Many of his books are said to have been translated intoforeign languages.
2)Zhanghuais said to go toAmericatomorrow , which made his parents very proud.
经典例题： 1. — Is Bob still performing? (2005江苏卷)
—I'm afraid not. He is said________ the stage already as he has become anofficial
A. to haveleft
B.to leave
C. to have been left
D. to be left
2.The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported ___ theworld record in the 110-meter hurdle race. (07辽宁)
A.breaking
B. having broken
C.to have broken
D.break
3.It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area. (2010陕西卷24)
A.are being built
B. were being built
C. was being built
D. is being built
句型6：but后不定式符号“to”的省略问题
解读：but后是否加to遵循三个句型一个原则：
三个句型：这三个句型后都不加to 1)can’t but do 2)can’thelp but do
3)can’tchoose but do
一个原则：but前面有实义动词do的某种形式，后面省to；没有加to。

可记忆为：有do 省to；无do加to。

经典例句：1)I have no choice but to stay here.
2)Hedid nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.
3)Whenhe heard the interes ting story, he can’t help but laugh loudly.
经典例题： 1. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but____ an even greater challenge. (2012陕西卷) A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
6．作表语My job is to help the patient.
7．作独立成分To tell the truth，Ido n’t agree with you.
动词不定式的形式变化
语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式
主动to build. to have built to be building to have been building 被动to be built to have been built。