高考非谓语动词不定式用法小结
高考非谓语动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式用法小结与第一单元重点词汇
动词不定式用法小结
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一. 作主语例如：
To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为：
It is hard to be a doctor.
It is not easy to learn English well.
如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例：
It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
二. 作表语：
动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例：
His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。
三. 作宾语
动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show,
learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例：
They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。
Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？
（1）如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”例：
He wants to go and have a swim with us. 他想和我们一起去游泳。
（2）若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语。
I find it interesting to learn English with you. 我觉得和你一起学英语很有趣。
He found it hard to catch up with others. 他觉得赶上别人很困难。
四. 作宾语补足语。
The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning 老师让我们早晨读半小时英语。
The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.
Please let me help you. 让我来帮助你。
动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。
但在let, make, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：
1.不可以省to的不定式作宾语补足语：
tell /ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite /encourage /teach sb. to do sth.
例：I want you to go now. 我想让你现在就走。
Her parents wish her to be a teacher. 她父母亲希望她当老师。
2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：
1）Let / make / have sb. do sth.
Let the boy go out now. 让那个男孩出去。
The boy made the baby cry. 男孩弄哭了这个小孩。
2）see / watch / hear / notice / feel sb. do sth.
I saw the students play basketball on the playground yesterday. 昨天我看见学生们在操场打篮球。
I often hear the girl sing in the next room. 我经常听到女孩在隔壁唱歌。
3）would rather，had better句型后
4）Why… / why no t…句型后
5）but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
3.可省可不省的：
1）help sb. （to）do sth. I often help my mother （to）do housework. 我经常帮妈妈做家务。
2）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：3）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如：He is supposed （to be）nice.他应该是个好人。
*动词不定式的否定式是直接在to之前加not. 例：
Tell them not to play football in the street. 告诉他们不要在街道上踢足球。
省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. 例：Let the boy not go. 让那个男孩别走。
如果将主动语态变为被动语态时，作宾语补足语的动词不定式变
为主语补足语，动词不定式则不省“to”，即原来省的再加上，例：The boy made the baby cry.
The baby was made to cry by the boy. 那个孩子被男孩弄哭了。
五. 动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，放于所修饰的词后，为后置定语。例：
Who was the first one to arrive? 谁第一个到的？
She has no paper to write on? 她没有纸写字？
The best way to learn English is to use it. 学英语最好的方法是使用它。
When is the best time to plant vegetables? 什么时候是种植蔬菜的最好时间？
Do you have something to drink? 你这有喝的吗？
*动词不定式（短语）作定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的词具有一种动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词时，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。例：
I have no chair to sit on.我没有椅子坐。
He has no house to live in. 他没有房子住。
六. 动词不定式作状语
动词不定式作目的状语常用结构为to do , only to do（仅仅为了）, in order to do,so as to do,so（such）… as to…（如此…以便…）He went to see his sister yesterday. 他昨天去看妹妹了。
They got up early to catch the early bus. 他们早起去赶早班车。
动词不定式作结果状语，可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。
I awoke to find my truck gone. 我醒来发现箱子不见了。
He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜索了房间，没发现什么
七. 不定式和疑问词连用，可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语等。例：
The problem is where to get a computer. （表语）
No one knows how to do it. 没有人知道如何做这件事。（宾）
I really don’t know which one to choose. （宾）我真的不知道选哪一个。
When and where to have the party is not known. （主语）何时何地举行联欢还不知道。
*不定式和疑问词连用作宾语时有时可以改为宾语从句。例：
I don’t know what to do next.我不知下一步该做什么？
I don’t know what I should do next.
注意：It's for sb.和It's of sb.
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。
1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：
用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如：You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。
He is hard.（非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）
用作介词的to
to 可以用作介词，也可用作不定式的标示。下面的to 都用作介词：admit to object to be accustomed to be used to stick to turn to开始
look forward to be devoted to pay attention to contribute to
apologize to devote oneself to
一. 选择填空：
1. He asked me ________ here earlier. A. come B. to come C. coming D. came
2. Please tell him _______ on the wall. A. don’t draw B. to not draw C. not to draw D. not draw
3. He wanted ________ a cup of tea. A. to have B. having C. have D. had
4. I’d like ________ a word with you. A. had B. having C. to have D. have
5. I came here _______ my uncle. A. saw B. to see C. seeing D. to be seen
6. The man refused （拒绝）________ back his words. A. to take
B. taking
C. took
D. takes
7. I can let you ________ one ticket. A. to have B. have C. having
D. had
8. We often heard him _________ in his room. A. to sing B. sings
C. sang
D. sing
9. He was made ________ day and night. A. work B. working C. to work D. worked
10. He stopped ______ a look, but saw nothing. A. having B. to have C. have D. had
11. My father was too angry _________ a word. A. to say B. not to say C. to saying D. didn’t say
12. My brother was old enough ________ to school. A. went B. goes C. going D. to go
13. It is time _____ him _____ supper. A. of, to have B. for, to have C. of, having D. for, to has
14. It’s very kind _______ y ou ______ me. A. of, to help B. for, to help C. of, help D. of, helping
15. It’s important ____ our classroom clean every day. A. kept B. to keep C. to give D. keep
16. Before liberation （解放）they had no chance ___ to school. A. went B. go C. to go D. to be gone
17. He said he had an important meeting ________. A. attend
B. would attend
C. attending
D. to attend
18. Please give me a piece of paper ________. A. to write B. to write on C. writing D. to write it
19. I don’t know _______. A. what do B. what will do C. what to do D. do what
20. Your radio needs ________. A. to be repaired B. to repair C. repaired D. to repairing
21. My wish is ________ a teacher. A. becoming B. to become
C. become
D. became
22. I want ________ him a letter now. A. to write B. not write C. write D. wrote
23. It took us three days _________ the trees. A. plant B. planted
C. to plant
D. plants
24. Why not ______ here ____ me? A. to come, to see B. come, to see C. came, seeing D. come, see
25. He wishes me__my best__ hard at English. A. to do, to work B. doing, working C. to do, working D. do, work
26. Please tell me ________ her. I have something _______ her.
A. where to find, telling
B. where to find, to tell
C. where can find, to tell
D. where finding, telling
27. How happy they are ______ each other again!
A. to see
B. see
C. saw
D. being seen
28. They decided （决心）_______ a letter ______ their thanks.
A. to write, expressing（表达）
B. writing, express
C. write, expressed
D. to write, to express
29. The officer ordered （命令）him _______ down _________ a rest.
A. lying, have
B. to lie, to have
C. to lie, having
D. lie, had
30. The headmaster called on （号召）us ______ hard for our country.
A. to work
B. worked
C. work
D. to working
4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ______.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
5. Mrs Smith warned her daughter ________ after drinking.
A. never to drive
B. to never drive
C. never driving
D. never drive
6. The patient was warned _______ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
7. The workers want us ________ together with them.
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
8. They would not allow him ________ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
9. I saw him _______ out of the room.
A. go
B. had gone
C. has gone
D. goes
10. They knew her very well. They had seen her _______ up from childhood.
A. grow
B. grew
C. was growing
D. to grow
11. I’ve heard him _______ about you often.
A. spoke
B. speaks
C. speak
12. Though he had often made his little sister _____, today he was made _____by his little sister.
A. cry；to cry
B. crying；crying
C. cry；cry
D. to cry；cry
13. He was made _________.
A. go
B. gone
C. going
D. to go
14. John was made _______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash
B. washing
C. wash
D. to be washing
15. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
16. There’re so m any kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind _____ to buy.
A. what
B. which
C. how
D. where
17. There isn’t any difference between the two. I really don’t know _________.
A. where to choose
B. which to choose
C. to choose what
D. to choose which
18. “ Have you decided when ________?” “ Yes, tomorrow morning.”
A. to leave
B. to be leaving
C. will you leave
D. are you leaving
19. Last summer I took a course on ________.
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
20. He doesn’t know ______ to stay or not.
A. whether
B. if
C. either
D. if he will
21. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen
22. --- The light in the office is still on. --- Oh, I forgot _______.
A. turning it off
B. turn it off
C. to turn it off
D. having turned it off
23. We agreed _________ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met
B. meeting
C. to meet
D. to have met
24. Little Jim should love _______ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken
B. to take
C. being taken
D. taking
25. I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
26. Frank is the kind of person who people like to ________.
A. make friend with
B. make friends of
C. make friends
D. make friends with
27. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do
B. doing
C. with
D. to be doing
28. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
29. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to
B. so as not to
C. so as to not
D. not so as to
30. I need a day or two ________.
A. to think it over
B. to think over
C. of thinking
31. He was too excited _________.
A. speak
B. to speak
C. not to speak
D. speaking
32. Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
33. He said he would rather not _______ it right now.
A. doing
B. to do
C. do
D. to be doing
34. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle.
A. ride；ride
B. riding；ride
C. ride；to ride
D. to ride；riding
35. It’s freezing outside. You _______ put on your overcoat.
A. had better to
B. had better
C. would better
D. would better to
36. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.
A. sit
B. sit on
C. be sit
D. be sat on
37. I’m hungry. Get me something _________.
A. eat
B. to eat
C. eating
D. for eating
38. --- I usually go there by train.
--- Why not _______ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
39. She did nothing _______ at the photo.
A. except look
B. but to look
C. except to look
D. but looking
40. I asked him to _______ me a few minutes so that we could go over all the problems.
A. spend
B. spare
C. save
D. share
41. They won’t let their teacher _______ in that way.
A. to be treated
B. being treated
C. treated
D. be treated
42. John, you must get your room ________ after breakfast.
A. to be cleaned
B. to clean
C. cleaning
D. cleaned
43. The problem _______ at tomorrow’s meeti ng is a very difficult one.
A. being discussed
B. discussed
C. to be discussed
D. to discuss
44. He reached the station _____ only _____ that the train had just left.
A. tired；learned
B. tiring；learning
C. to tire；to learn
D. tired；to learn
45. --- Did that book give the information you needed?
--- Yes, but ______, we had to read it almost entirely.
A. for finding it
B. to find it
C. finding it
D. by finding it
46. I’m sorry I forgot ______your dictionary. Let’s borrow o ne from Li Ming.
A. to take
B. taking
C. to bring
D. bringing
47. She couldn’t deci de which restaurant _______.
A. to have lunch
B. to eat
C. to eat at
D. eating at
48. This problem is said _____ three times.
A. to have been talked
B. to have discussed
C. having been discussed
D. to have been talked about
49. Everybody believed the man ______ away the diamond ring.
A. be taken
B. taking
C. to take
D. to have taken
50. I prefer ____ rather than ______.
A. read；watch
B. to read；watch
C. reading；to watch
D. to read；to watch
第一单元重点词汇
in other words 换句话说
in a word=in one word总而言之
in words用语言
have a word with sb.与某人谈话
have words with 与某人争吵
[练习]选用短语并用恰当的形式填空。
1) She has a good handwriting, and is good at writing articles. __________, she is a qualified secretary.
2) The beauty of sunset can not be described _________.
3) The person who _______________my father is one of my relatives.
4) The couple _________________ each other in the street ignoring the eyes of passers-by.
cut out 切掉,删掉
cut down砍倒; 削减,压缩
cut up切[破]碎
cut off切断, 停掉;隔绝, 挡住
[典例]
1) I cut this article out of the newspaper.我从报纸上剪下了这篇文章。
2) Deserts are also created because people cut down trees and dig up grass.由于人们砍树挖草导致了沙漠的产生。
3) The flood cut off their supplies.洪水切断了他们的供养。
[练习]用恰当的介词填空。
1) I would cut _____ the bit about working as a waitress.
2) The car industry cut ______ production.
3) The woodchopper cut _______ the tree and cut it _______.
out of breath 上气不接下气
hold one’s breath屏息
cat ch one’s breath松一口气
take a deep breath深深地吸了一口气out of control失控
out of sight看不见
out of order坏了
out of reach够不着make fun of 取笑
have fun with sb.(和某人在一起)娱乐，开心for fun为了快乐，闹着玩地
play a joke on sb.开某人的玩笑
play a trick on sb.捉弄某人
all the best一切顺利
at (the) best至多，充其量也不过……
do one’s best竭尽全力
make the best of 最有效地利用
best of all尤其,特别
all in all总而言之in all总共at all根本after all毕竟；别忘了（放句首时）above all最重要first of all首先
【练习】选择all in all/ in all/ at all/ after all/ above all或first of all并用其适当的形式填空
1) Don’t blame him too much. ________, he is a small child.
2) According to the survey, _______ there are nearly one million people in this small city out of work during the economic crisis.
3) I am glad to join you in this game, but ________ please allow me to introduce myself to you.
4) The parents didn’t worry about their daughter _______, for
they believed she could succeed in getting the first prize.
5) When traveling abroad, _______, you need to prepare your passport.
6) There are man y beautiful sentences in your article and its handwriting is good too. ________, I’m quite satisfied with it.
1. ambition (n.) 雄心
ambitious adj. 志向远大的; 有雄心壮志的;有野心的
be ambitious for [power, social position, etc.] 极欲获得[权力, 社会地位等]
be ambitious of success渴望成功
be ambitious to serve the people一心想为人民服务
2. be beneficial to sth./sb.对……有益
be of benefit to对……有益
for the benefit of为了……(的利益)
benefit from从……中受益
3. adapt (oneself) to sth.适应某物
adapt…to…使……适应……adapt sth. for sth. from sth.根据某事将……改编成……be adapted fro m… 由……改编
4. resign one's position (as secretary) 辞去(秘书)职务resign office辞职
resign oneself to听任(某种影响); 只好(做某事) resign oneself to one's fate听天由命
resign ... to... 把... 托付给
5. make companions of 与...作伴，与...为友companions in arms战友
a faithful companion忠实伴侣
be annoyed at/by sth.因为某事而感到困扰
get /be annoyed with sb.生某人的气
I. Translate the following phrases into English, using the expressions from the text.
1. 换句话说
2. 此外，另外
3. 撞上，撞击
4. 适应，适合，能应付
5. 事实上
6. 代表某人的国家
7. 切去，省略，停止8. 上气不接下气
9. 落后于其他人10. 同学
11. 总而言之12. 闲坐着
13. 为某人感到遗憾/难过14. 和，也
15. 花费大量时间16. 认为…是值得的
17. 暂时离开18. 在很多方面
19. 心理上变得更加坚强20 取笑某人
II. Multiple choices.
1. Over the first few months, I had not been to the surroundings there, especially the food.
A. fit
B. suited
C. matched
D. adapted
2. I suggested he himself to the new circumstances. A. should adapt B. would adapt C. adapting D. adapted
3. This play is said to be adapted a popular novel. A. to B. for
C. from
D. with
4. Three of her novels have been adapted television. A. to B. for C. from D. with
5. The editor insists that the last paragraph .
A. be cut out
B. being cut down
C. cut away
非谓语动词-不定式的用法
非谓语动词—不定式的用法 不定式具有名词的特征，可在句中充当主语。 a. 不定式短语在句首做主语：例如： To say is one thing, to do is another . b. 用it做形式主语：例如： It is difficult to get so much money in such a short time. 动名词doing 也可以做主语，但和不定式做主语主要有如下两个方面的区别： 1．动名词做主语泛指意义较强；而不定式结构做主语多指具体的一次性动作。例如：Reading novels is an enjoyment. To read this novel is an enjoyment. 2．若叙述已经发生的事情多用动名词做主语；而叙述未发生的事情多用不定式做主语。例如： Hosting the Olympics in 2000 has made Sydney better-known in the world.. To host the Olympics in 2008 will make Beijing better-known in the world. 需要注意的是有些时候不强调上面的区别，而强调表达前后的一致性，这在做题时需要灵活掌握和运用。 例如：眼见为实有两种表达方式，在含义上没有什么区别，只需注意前后的一致性。Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 不定式做状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。 目的状语：“为了…” I’m saving up to buy a computer. To buy a computer, I’m savi ng up. 另外，in order to 和so as to 也可以表示目的状语。只是so as to 不可以用于句首。 如果使用否定式，则not一律放在to的前面。 例如： I wrote down his phone number in order not to /so as not to forget it. 结果状语： He rushed to the airport only to find the plane had taken off. He opened his eyes only to find the world around him changed. We waited three hours only to be told to come again the next day. He lifted a stone only to have it dropped on his own feet. 以上四个例句都是only to do 做结果状语，表示吃惊或失望。 例如: so …as to do
非谓语动词——不定式
非谓语动词——不定式 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。 II.基本知识 一、不定式的构成 动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，这里的to是不定式标志，没有词义。有时可以不带to。动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能，又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但是有时态和语态的变化。 常见的形式如表所示（以及物动词do为例），不及物动词没有被动语态。 1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired.
The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。 e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done). e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg. We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 动词不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数To do such things is foolish. 2）主系表结构To see is to believe. 3)it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到 谓语的后面。 常用于下列结构中： （1）It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…经常与以下形容词连用：brave, careless, clever, courageous, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, thoughtless, wrong, wise等。 It’s kind of you to say so. (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…） 注意：当使用for时，句中形容词修饰的是不定式；而用of时，句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。 It’s necessary for you to study hard .（necessary 修饰to study hard，表示学习努力是有必要的） It’s foolish of him to do it .（foolish 修饰逻辑主语him）由for + 名词或代词+ 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。 His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。 (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …） (4)It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
高考英语非谓语动词不定式语法知识点
高考英语语法非谓语动词不定式用法精讲 不定式1．作主语 不定式作主语常见的是it 作形式主语，放在句首，将真正的主语动词不定式（短语）放在句子后面。 It’s easy to be wise afterthe event. Itis right to give up smoking. 2．作宾语I find it interesting to study history. 1.直接作宾语句型：动词（vt）+ to do 解读：直接跟在一个及物动词后面作宾语。这时句子有以下两个特点： 第一：句子的主语和不定式的逻辑主语是一致的，不定式的语态需看与句子主语的关系。 第二：这时句子的谓语动词多是描写态度；不定式动作则说明行为。 经典例句： 1)Nobodywants to be laughed at. 2)Thiscompany refused to cooperate with us. 经典例题： 1.I don't want ____like I' m speaking iii of anybody, but the manager' s plan isunfair. (2005天津卷) A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 2.I can’t stand ______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______talking while she works. (2006北京卷) A.working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C.working ; to stop D. towork ; to stop 3.As a young man , I hate______________ in public. https://www.360docs.net/doc/1219307238.html,ughed at B. to be laughed at C. to laugh at https://www.360docs.net/doc/1219307238.html,ughing at 2.句型：某些及物动词+连词+to do 解读：在一些动词之后，可以在连接代词（what, who , which）或连接副词（how, when, where）
高考非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词区别简表及具体用法详述 非谓语动词是历年高考英语的重要考点之一，也是较难掌握的难点之一。它贯穿于英语学习和考试过程的始终。但是，只要认真分析、透彻理解、看透本质、准确把握，就一定能在高考中运筹帷幄，游刃有余。
⒈二者都可表示普遍的、一般的的真理、见解或信念等。 eg:To do morning exercises/ Doing morning exercises is good for your health. ⒉不定式表示尚未发生的动作；动名词暗示已经存在。 eg:My father is a millionaire,but having money doesn't mean everything. ⒊动名词表示一般的经验；不定式表示具体的、特定的事例、意见或理论。 eg:①I prefer swimming to fishing. ②I like to swim in the river because it's too hot today. ⒋不定式和动名词都有对称性。 eg:①To see is to believe. ②Seeing is believing. ⒌作主语时to do,doing的区别 ⑴表示泛指、一般、抽象或一个已经完成了的动作时，强调的是事情本身，多用动名词doing作主语。 ⑵表示具体某一次行为，特别是将来的动作时，强调的是动词本身，必须用不定式作主语。 注：表示泛指意义时，多用动名词doing（也可用动词不定式to do） ⒍作宾语时to do,doing的区别 ⑴doing表示泛指，一般，经常性，习惯性的动作。 ⑵to do表示特定，具体，将来的动作。 ⒎作表语时to do,doing的区别 ⑴表示一般的概念时，二者可以互换。 ⑵表示具体的动作或将来的行为时，应用不定式to do。 ⒏不定式to do,现在分词doing作补语时的区别 ⑴不定式to do作补语表示宾语所做的动作或者和宾语有表语关系，表示状态、特性、身份等。另 外，不定式可作使役动词、感官动词的补语，表示动作的完成或已经结束。 ⑵doing表示动作与主语动作同时发生或进行。 ⑶不定式to do作补语一般表示动作的全过程或经常性发生的动作。 ⑷doing强调动作的延续性，表示动作正在发生或进行，更具描述性。 ⒐不定式to do,现在分词doing作结果状语时的区别 ⑴to do表示出乎意料的不想要的结果。 ⑵doing表示自然而然的结果。 注2：非谓语动词的区别问题 （一）动词后接to do不定式还是doing动名词的情况： （1）只能接to do不定式的动词有： want,wish,hope,long,expect,desire,intend,decide,ask,promise,aim,offer,agree,plan,learn,choose,refus e,fail,manage,pretend等。 （2）常只用动名词作宾语的动词有：admit,avoid,appreciate,consider（考虑）dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practice,risk,resist,suggest等。 （3）动词后二者都可跟，意义不同的有：
高中英语语法总结非谓语动词
非谓语动词在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词..非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词分词包括现在分词和过去分词 不定式 一、不定式的作用 1、作主语不定式作主语时;谓语用单数..往往用it 作形式主语;把不定式放在谓语后面.. 如： It took us two hours to finish the job. It is impossible for us to get there on time. It is very kind of you to help us. 注意：1其他系动词如look; appear等也可用于此句型.. 2当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时;不能用It is …to…的句型..试比较： It is to negate my own idea to believe him.错 To believe him is to negate my own idea .对 3It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中;当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时;用of; 否则用 for. 2、作宾语 （1）动词+不定式..如： He managed to escape from the fire. I find it hard to get along with him.it 作形式宾语 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want; try; hope; wish; need; forget; know; promise; refuse; help; decide; begin; start; learn; agree; choose; get等（2）动词+疑问词+to ; “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词;作宾语..如：
非谓语动词-动词不定式知识点总结
非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)---动词不定式知识总结 非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。动词不定式既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词、形容词和副词的句法功能。 Ⅰ、不定式的构成及变形： 动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。 1. 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 He appears to be very happy.（同时发生） To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.（to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后）2. 不定式的进行式 不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 3. 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。 I'm sorry to have lost your key. 4. 不定式的完成进行式 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进行着。 He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 不定式的时态意义： He is said to be studying abroad.（不定式的进行式表示动作正在进行） He is said to have studied abroad.（不定式的完成式表示动作已经结束） 5. 不定式的被动形式 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。 一般式to be done
非谓语动词之动词不定式的用法
非谓语动词之动词不定式（to do）的用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要形式有：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 1.“to do”动词不定式的变形 2.动词不定式的用法 （1）充当主语（一般会用it 当形式主语） To swim here is dangerous. = It is dangerous to swim here. To pass this English exam is unlikely. = （2）充当表语（多数情况下，可以转换成动词不定式做主语） My job is to help with your English learning. To help with your English learning is my job. （3）充当宾语（只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词的宾语；有时用“it”做形式宾语） I decided to attend this meeting last night. I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注意：当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时，只能跟不定式作宾语。 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail prepare, try, manage, help, promise
offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed （4）充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意：在感官动词／使役动词／help后（see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时，可省略“to”） I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. （我看到了他们争论的整个过程） 但，感官动词后面也可接Ving形式，表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. （我看到 他们正在争论谁该扫地，并不一定看到了整个过程） （5）充当状语（目的，原因，结果状语，其逻辑主语与句子主语一致） I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. （目的状 语） I’m sorry to bother you.（原因状语） He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. （结果状语，only + to find/realize/discover 表示出乎意料的结果） （6）充当定语（不定式作定语，要放在所修饰的词的后面） I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say There are 3 questions to answer. （7）一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”，有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to （8）当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列（and/or/than）时，通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them.
非谓语动词todo的用法小结
非谓语动词不定式（to do）的用法小结I．不定式的语法意义 1.不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可作主、宾、定、表、补和状语。 2.没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但有时态和语态的变化。 3.仍保留动词的特征，即可有自己的宾语和状语，和他们一起构成不定式短语。 II. 不定式的否定式 not to do III.不定式的时态和语态 1.一般式（to do/to be done）表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或发生在其后。 2.完成式（to have done/to have been done）表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前。 3.进行式（to be doing）表示动作谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生。 4.完成进行式（to have been doing）表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生之前开始进行的行为，到谓语动作发生时，可能停止，
也可能会持续下去。 IV．不定式的功能 1.作主语： （1）to do可直接作主语，表示 特指一个具体动作。 eg.To swim in that river is very dangerous. To study English well isn’teasy. (2) 用it作为形式主语，而把真正的不定式主语放到句中。常见的有6种。 It is +adj+ to do sth. eg.It is nice not to be dependent onothers. It is +adj+for sb to do sth. eg.It is not hard for one to do a bit of good It is +adj+of sb to do sth. eg. It is silly of you to believe him. = You are silly to believe him. It is +noun+to do sth. eg.It was not his habit to ask people for things. It+动词（+宾语）+ to do sth. eg.It took me a year to finish writing the
高考英语非谓语动词总结
高考英语非谓语动词总结 非谓语动词 一、结构综述 类型状态一般完成进行 1、不定式主动To do To have done To be doing 被动To be done To have been done 2、现在分词及动名词主动doing Having done 被动Being done Having been done 3、过去分词被动Done 二、可在句子中充当的成分： 不定式：主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、独立成分 动名词：主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、 分词：表语、定语、状语、补语 三、不定式、分词、动名词之间的区别 1、不定式与动名词的区别 不定式起名词、形容词、副词作用，在句子中除了动名词所起的作用外，还可以作状语。 动名词起名词作用，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、主语补足语、宾语补足语。 两者之间的差别： 1)不定式的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，而动名词的逻辑主语范围较大，它可以指主语，也可以是泛指。如： I hate to work on weekends. (指自己干活) I hate working on weekends. (可以指自己，也可以泛指) 2)动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为，不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。如： Reading in bed is a pleasure. I like swimming but I don’t like to swim in the pool today. 3)在某些动词之后只能用动名词，而另外一些只能用不定式 4) 既可以接不定式又可接动名词，有时含义不一： remember to do 记得去做；remember doing 记得做过 forget to do 忘记去做；forget doing 忘记做过了 regret to do 遗憾去做；regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 设法去做；try doing 试着做 go on to do 接着做另一件事；go on doing 继续做同一件事 mean to do 打算做；mean doing 意味着做 stop to do 停下来去做；stop doing 停止做
非谓语动词---不定式的用法
不定式作非谓语动词 一、不定式的定义及构成： 不定式是一种非限定性动词，即在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。 肯定形式：to + 动词原形 否定形式：not to + 动词原形 被动形式：to be + done（动词过去分词） 期中to为不定式符号，本身无意义。 二、不定式的时态和语态 不定式虽没有人称和数的变化，但所表达的动作仍具有时间先后顺序，主动、被动形式。具体形式如下表 1) 不定式的一般式 动词不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词所表示的动作同事发生或在其后发生。 We try to finish the task on time. 我们试图及时完成任务。 I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。 2）动词不定式的进行式 动词不定式的进行式所表示的动作一般与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 He seems to be following us. 他好像正在跟着我们。 3）不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前 I’m so sorry to have given you so much trouble. 很抱歉，给你添了那么多的麻烦。
4）动词不定式的被动形式 ○1动词不定式的一般式被动语态通常表示将来的动作。 The flowers need to be watered. 这些花需要浇水了。 ○2不定式的完成式被动语态表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 The room seems to have been tidied up already. 这个房子似乎已经整理过了。 三、不定式的用法 1）作主语 动词不定式作主语，相当于名词或代词的作用 To learn an art well is very hard. 学好一门艺术很难。 ★动词不定式作主语往往用形式主语it代替，然后不定式置于句尾。上面的句子可改写为It is very hard to learn an art well. 2) 作宾语 动词不定式一般作动词或介词的宾语 I really want to watch the football match. He has no idea of how to answer this question. 3) 作宾语补足语 ○1后接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, beg, like, love, would like, order, teach, want, allow, encourage, wish等。 My teacher told me not to play on the road. 我的老师告诉我不要在马路上玩。 ○2后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：感官动词（词组）：hear, listen to, feel, see, watch, notice, look at：使役动词let, make, have。 另外help后的动词不定式可带to也可省略to. The boss made the worker work all day. 这个老板让工人整体干活。
高中英语语法：非谓语动词总结-大全
高中英语语法：非谓语动词总结-大全非谓语动词的含义 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下： 1. 不定式 ①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来） ②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来） ③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）
④完成时：to have done（表示主动和完成） ⑤完成被动式：to have been done（表示被动和完成） ⑥完成进行式：to have been doing （表示主动和完成进行） The teacher told us to do morning exercises. 老师让我们做早操。The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。 She pretended to be reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师进来时，她假装正在读书。 The thief is said to have escaped. 据说小偷已经逃跑了。
The thief is said to have been arrested. 据说小偷已经被抓住了。 She is said to have been working in the factory over the last 20 years. 据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。 2. 动名词 ①基本形式：doing （表示主动） ②被动式：being done（表示被动） ③完成式：having done（表示主动和完成） ④完成被动式：having been done（表示被动和完成） Travelling in space by ordinary people will be common in the future. 在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
不定式非谓语动词用法解析
不定式非谓语动词用法解析 不定式是一种特殊的非谓语动词形式，它可以不受主语和时态限制地在句子中充当名词、形容词或副词。在英语中，不定式通常由“to”加动词原形构成，形式为“to + 动词原形”。 一、作名词用法 1. 作主语 不定式作主语时，常用于句子的开头，并且常常需要用形式主语“it”来代替。 例如: To learn a foreign language is not easy.（学习外语并不容易。） 2. 作宾语 不定式作及物动词的宾语时，常位于动词之后。 例如: I want to go shopping.（我想去购物。） 3. 作介词的宾语 不定式可以作为某些介词的宾语，常用的介词有：for, about, after, before, without, etc. 例如:
Thank you for helping me.（谢谢你帮助我。） 二、作形容词用法 1. 作后置定语 不定式可以用来修饰名词或代词，放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 例如: I have a book to read.（我有一本书要读。） 2. 作表语 不定式可以作为系动词的表语。 例如: Her dream is to become a doctor.（她的梦想是成为一名医生。） 三、作副词用法 1. 修饰动词 不定式可以修饰动词，表示目的、结果或原因。 例如: He went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.（他去超市买了些杂货。） 2. 修饰形容词或副词
不定式可以修饰形容词或副词，常用于句子中den 给出愿望、建议或批评的时候。 例如: She is too young to go to school.（她太小不能上学。） 四、特殊用法 1. “动词 + 宾语 + 不定式” 某些动词后面接宾语时，可以通过不定式的形式来表示宾语的动作或状态。常见的动词有：ask, tell, want, wish, advise, encourage, allow, etc. 例如: She asked me to help her.（她请我帮她。） 2. “be + 过去分词（不定式的完成式）” 在某些情况下，不定式的完成式可以用来表示对过去进行的动作或状态的说明。常用于这种结构的动词有：seem, appear, turn out, happen, prove, etc. 例如: The cake seems to have been eaten.（蛋糕似乎已经被吃了。） 总结：
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解
(完整)非谓语动词之不定式用法详解 定义 动词不定式与动名词,分词一样是动词的一种非谓语形式,它与动词原形同行,但它前面一般带有一个不定式的符号“to”，我们为了把它与介词的to 区别开来,也叫它小品词，它只是一个符号，没有词性,但动词不定式有时也不带to 。 形式 1. 不定式作名词的用法 不定式在句子中的作用有时和名词相同,在句子中可以当主语，表语,宾语. it 作形式主语而将真正的主语（不定式短语)放在谓语之后。例如： 例2可变为It is important to obey the laws. 例3可变为It is impossible to finish so much homework in a day. 常见的带形式主语it 的句型有： 句型一：＊It is easy (difficult ， hard, important ， right ， wrong, possible, impossible, necessary ， unnecessary, foolish ， wise, kind ， cruel ， nice…) to do … 句型二：It is a pleasure (pity ， pleasant thing, crime, an honor… ) to do sth. 句型三:It takes （sb 。） some time to do sth 。 花了某人一些时间去做某事 在句型一中我们常用for sb.或of sb 。来做不定式的逻辑主语.但是什么情况下用for 或of ，主要从以下两个方面来区别： 1两者所使用的形容词不同 a.for sb 。的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词。 如easy, difficult, hard ， important, possible, impossible ， necessary ， unnecessary, interesting 等。 ·It is important for us to express our opinions 。 对于我们来说表达我们的意见是很重要的。 b.of sb 。的句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词。 如：good, kind, nice, wise ， clever ， foolish, right ， wrong ， careful, careless, polite ， impolite 。 ·It is clever of him to leave that country 。 对于他来说离开那个国家是聪明的举动。 #注意：不定式做主语时谓语动词用单数。 不定式做主语的句子中又再有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is…to…的句型. ·To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。 ·I t is to believe to see…（ x ） 2.of sb 。 句型一般都可以换成一个不定式做状语的句子，而for sb.句型则不可以. ·It is impolite of him to say so. 他这样说是不礼貌的. -—-—He is impolite to say so.（o) （因为of sb 。句型中的形容词impolite 在逻辑上可以视为him 的表语，所以可以改为此句。） ·It is important for him to say so 。 对于他来讲,这么说是非常重要的。 ----He is important to say so 。( X ） (因为for sb 。句型中的形容词important 在逻辑上不可能是him 的表语，所以此句子不成立。） 2·不定式作表语
非谓语动词(不定式)的用法
非谓语动词(不定式)的用法 非谓语动词（动词不定式的具体用法） 动词不定式有三大语法功能：1.充当名词，可作主语、宾 语或表语；2.充当形容词，可作后置定语或宾语补足语；3.充 当副词，可作状语。 构成不定式需要使用“to+动词原形”的形式，否定式则在 不定式符号之前加入否定词“not/never”。 一、不定式作主语的用法 不定式作主语的特点是具有名词的功能，可表示意愿或未完成的事情，谓语动词要用单数。常见的此类名词有：plan （计划）、purpose（目的）、attempt（企图）、goal（目标）、aim（目的）、n（雄心）、dream（梦想）、ideal（理想）、wish（希望/愿望）、hope（希望）、n（决定）、n（决定）、proposal（提议/建议）等。
为了避免主语过长，不定式短语可放在句末，用形式主语“it”代替原来的主语位置，不定式则成为真正的主语。 例如：___.（赢得冠军是我的雄心。）To master a foreign language is necessary.（掌握一门外语是有必要的。）To e President of the United States used to be my goal.（过去我的梦想是成为美国总统。）Speaking perfect English is always my dream.（说一口流利的英语一直是我的梦想。）It is ___.（保护环境是有必要的。） There are two special ___: 1) It is + adj + of sb + to do sth. 2) It is + adj + for sb + to do sth. ___ characteristics and differences are: 1) If ___ characteristics or traits。the logical subject of the ___ "of." Examples: It is very affable of you to help me。(n: You are really kind to help me.) It is very ___(n: ___.)
(完整版)非谓语动词(不定式)的用法
非谓语动词（动词不定式的具体用法) Step1. 动词不定式的3大语法功能(1）不定式可充当主语，宾语，表语，具有名词的功能。（2）不定式可充当后置定语或宾语补足语，具有形容词的功能.（3）不定式可充当状语，具有副词的功能.. Step2.不定式的构成,即：“不定式符号to+动词原形”。 Step3。不定式的否定式，否定词一定放在不定式符号之前，即：“not/never+不定式+动词原形。 一，不定式作主语的用法. 特点：“to+动词原形”所形成的形式具有名词功能。名词可在句中充当主语，宾语或者表语，同理,不定式也有相同的功能。 1。不定式作主语的特点:(1）可以表示一种意愿或未完成的事。(2）谓语动词用单数。 E g： To win the championship is my ambition. 主语系动词表语 译文：赢得冠军是我的雄心。 E g： To master a foreign language is necessary。 主语系动词表语 译文:掌握一门外语是有必要的. E g: To become President of the United States used to be my goal。 主语谓语宾语 译文:过去我的梦想是成为美国总统 2. 不定式作主语时,be动词之后的表语若是名词，一定是表示意愿，目的，企图等名词，用来表示尚未完成的事情.常见的此类名词有： plan（计划）, purpose（目的），attempt（企图）,goal（目标）， aim
（目的)， ambition（雄心）,dream(梦想）, ideal（理想）， wish（希望/愿望）,hope(希望），decision(决定),determination（决定),proposal（提议/建议）. E g: To speak perfect English is always my dream 主语系动词表语 译文：说一口流利的英语一直是我的梦想. 3。由于不定式短语作主语，显得主语过长，为了避免头重脚轻，达到句子平衡，把不定式短语放在句末,在原来主语的位置上“it”代替, 形式上占一个主语的位置，称之为形式主语，不定式称为真正的主语. E g： It is necessary to protect the environment. 形式主语系动词表语不定式作真正主语 译文:保护环境是有必要的。 4. 不定式作主语的两种特殊结构 (1)句型:It is +adj(形容词）+of sb +to do sth. (2）句型：It is +adj(形容词)+for sb +to do sth. 特点和区别:（1)若形容词表示人的本质特征,特性，就用“of”引出的不定式的逻辑主语。 A：表示人的本质特征和特性的形容词有：“good； nice； clever; wise；foolish； silly; stupid； rude；（im）polite , careless； careful；affable。 E g: It is very affable of you to help me。 译文：你真好帮助我。 E g: It is very careless of you to lose your wallet. 译文:你真粗心大意把钱包丢了.