托马斯潘恩Thomas Paine

1.His life and career:

born in a poor Quaker corset or stiff family received very limited education served as an exciseman 收税官& active in local affairs emigrated to America in October 1774 helped by Benjamin Franklin published Common Sense in 1776 as a propagandist宣传者 for American Revolution
Twk.baidu.come Literature of Reason and Revolution
1.Historical Introduction 2.Thomas paine
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Historical Introduction

Two historical events 1. The American War for Independence 1775-1783 2. Enlightenment Theology 神学dominated the Puritan phase of American writing. Politics was now the great subject to command the attention of the best minds.
The pamphlet attempted to bolster morale鼓舞士气 and resistance among patriots, as well as shame neutrals中立者 and loyalists toward the cause.
These are the times that try men's souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.

2. Major works

3.） The American Crisis美国危机 (1776-1783) ---Paine’s chief contribution was a series of 16 pamphlets (1776-1783) entitled The American Crisis and signed “Common Sense” which dealt directly with the military engagements to inspire the Continental Army. 4.） The Rights of Man 人权论(1791 - 92) --- an answer to Burke’s Recent Reflections on the French Revolution, which not only championed支持 Rousseau’s 卢梭 （法国启蒙思想家） doctrines of freedom, but also suggested the overthrow of the British monarchy. Paine was indicted for treason 叛国and was forced to seek refuge in France.被迫去法国
这正是考验人类灵魂的时候，在这个危急存亡 之际，那些喜欢枝草茂盛的士兵和习惯于风和 日丽的爱国者们将不再为他们的祖国服务，但 是至今还能经受住考验的人，理应受到人们的 感激与爱戴。

These are the times that try men's souls: The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.
Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
托马斯· 潘恩（Thomas Paine）：英裔美 国思想家、作家、政治活动家、理论家、 革命家、激进民主主义者。生于英国诺福 克郡，曾继承父业做过裁缝，后来做过教 师、税务官员，后来投身欧美革命运动。 1792年他被选入法国国民公会。1802年在 杰斐逊总统的邀请下，潘恩返回美国。 1809年6月8日在纽约格林尼治村林苑路59 号去世，享年72岁。
The American Crisis
The first of the pamphlets was released during a time when the Revolution still looked an unsteady prospect; the opening sentence was adopted as the watchword (标语,口号,格言) of the movement to Trenton. the famous opening lines are:


2. Major works

1）The Case of the Officers of the Excise税吏事件 (1772) --- his first pamphlet, a petition请愿书 to Parliament for a living wage for the excise collectors 2）Common Sense 常识(1776) --- signed simply “By an Englishman”, to urge the colonies to declare independence; Paine became forthwith the most articulate (表达清楚有力的) spokesman of the American Revolution.

left for Europe in 1787 Wrote & published Rights of Man in 1791 and 1792 made a French citizen and elected to the National Convention in 1792 Imprisoned from 1793 to 1794, released with James Monroe’s help Left Paris for America in 1802, welcomed by Thomas Jefferson Died in 1809 and buried in on a corner of his small farm in America
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2. Major works

5. ）The Age of Reason 理性时代(1795) ---a deistic treatise 自然神论的论述advocating a rationalistic view of religion. 6. ）Analysis of The American Crisis (1776–1783) ---a series of pamphlets published in London from 1776–1783 during the American Revolution. It decried谴责 British actions and Loyalists, offering support to the Patriot cause.