高中英语语法-4种完成时态讲解与训练

四种完成时态

▲完成时态的构成

▲现在完成时态的基本用法

1. 表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。

应该明确现在完成时态属于现在时态的范畴。它所强调的不是过去发生的动作，而是对现在产生的结果和影响。否则用一般过去时态就够了。请看下面的对话。

●A－We will send some one to America.

我们要派一个人去美国。

B－I have been there.

我去过美国。

= I was there and I know the country very well. Would you send me there?

我去过那儿，很了解那个国家。能派我去吗？

C－I have not been there.

我还没去过那儿呢。

= I didn’t go to America. It is my turn.

我没去过。这次该我了。

上面对话的前提是大家都抢着去美国。所以B用现在完成时态是想说明自己有经验，派他去好。而C用现在完成时态是说自己没去过，轮也该轮到他了。两句都是强调对现在产生的影响。

Did you have lunch?

Have you had lunch?

Did you study English?

Have you studied English?

Laochang died?

Laochang has died?

Who was herer?

Who has been here?

Have you done your homework

2. 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。

通常用于持续性较强的动词，例如：live, study, wait for, be等等，并且常常与since, for连用，since给出的是过去的一个时间点，如since 1958, 而for往往给出的是一个时间段，如for three years。

●He has studied English for eight years.

●Since1980, they have known each other.

注：完成时态表示延续的用法不可跟非延续动词连用，如：die, go, leave, receive等。请看下面例句：

╳His father has died for three years.

●His father has been dead for three years.

第一句是错的。“死”这个动作不可能延续。但一种状态却可以延续。第二句用主系表句型是对的。

▲过去完成时态，将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态

学习完成时态应注意，所有完成时态在“态”的概念上是一样的，现在完成时态、过去完成时态、将来完成时态、过去将来完成时态所不同的只是时间上的概念。所以我们只要掌握现在完成时态，然后在时间上向过去推便是过去完成时态，向将来推便是将来完成时态。

3完成时态在主从句中的用法

完成时态除上面讲到的两种基本用法之外，在主从句中通常可以用来表示主句与从句动作发生的先后次序。

●Do you know he has finished his homework?

现在完成时态“has finished”表示发生在一般现在时态“know”之前。

●I heard he had bought a new car.

过去完成时态“had bought”表示发生在过去时态“heard”之前。

现在完成时态“have had supper”强调吃过饭之后，即强调从句动作发生在主句之前。从上面几个例句可以看出，在主从句中现在完成时态往往表示发生在另一个现在时态的动作之前，而过去完成时态则表示发生在另一个过去时态的动作之前。请注意下面的例句：

以上简单地介绍了在主从句中完成时态的用法。请同学们在做练习时多加注意。

练习

1.—What do you want ______ those old boxes?

—To put things in when I move to the new flat.

A. by

B. for

C. of

D. with

1.D do sth with sth or want sth with sth 意思是用什么东西或要什么东西做什么。

2.—______ he start at once or wait for a while?

—Let him start at once.

A．Will B．Would C．Does D．Shall

2.D．Shall shall表示征求对方意见。

3.I can’t tell you if it tomorrow.

A．will rain B．rains C．shall rain D．does rain

3.A．will rain 表示将来发生的事。

4.Did you watch the play on CCTV 1 last night? It was really good.

—No, I didn't._____?

—“Tea House”.

A. What was it

B. What's on

C. What was it about

D. How about it

4.B. What's on 意思是演的是什么。

5.—Can you give me the right answer?

—Sorry, I _______．Would you repeat that question?

A．hadn’ t listened B．haven’t listened

C．don’t listen D．wasn’t listening

5.D．wasn’t listening 表示刚才一瞬间，所以要用过去进行时。

6.I promised to get there before 5 o’clock, but now the rain is pouring down．They

_______ for me impatiently．

A．may wait B．ought to wait

C．could wait D．must be waiting

6.D．must be waiting must be or must do都可以表示对目前的推测。该话应译成：想必他们等我等的不耐烦了。

Must be must be doing

Must have been Must have done

7.—Haven't seen you for ages! Do you still work in Fuzhou?

—_____.It's two years since I worked there.

A. Yes, I have

B. Yes, I do

C. No, I haven't

D. No, I don't

7. D. No , I don't It's two years since I worked there. 此句应译成我已经有两年没

在那里工作了。

8.Goodbye, Peter, remember me to your parents.

— ______.

A. It's very kind of you to say so

B. Thanks, I will

C. You are so kind

D. Thanks, what a good idea

8.B. Thanks, I will。在答应别人时应该用will表示坚决。

9.You are talking too much.

—Only at home. No one ______ me but you.

A. is hearing

B. had heard

C. hears

D. heard

9. C. hears 表示事实用一般时。

10.—We want someone to design the new art museum for us.

—the young fellow have a try?

A. May

B. Shall

C. Will

D. Need

10.B. Shall shall表示征求对方的意见。have a try 试一试， have a look 看一看。

11.I wonder why Jenny ________us recently.We should have heard from her by

now.

A. hasn't written

B. doesn't write

C. won't write

D. hadn't written

11.A. hash' t written 因为recently表示过去延续到现在，应用过去完成时。

12.I didn't like aunt Lucy, who _____without warning and presenting

A. always turned up

B. has always turned up

C. was always turned up

D. was always turning up