主谓语一致

主谓语一致

主谓一致：英语句子中谓语动词的数必须与主语的人称和数取得一致，这就叫做主谓一致。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

一、语法一致原则

1. 以单数名词或代词作主语，以从句、动词不定式、

动名词或短语作主语时谓语动词使用单数形式。

主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。

He goes to school early every morning.他每天早上很早就去上学。（he是三人称单数）

To say something is one thing , to do it is another .

说是一回事，做又是另一回事。

（to say something , to do 是不定式）

“How do you do?”is not a question but a greeting .

（How do you do ?是句子，作主语）

(注意：what 引导主语从句时应注意其所指的具体内容来确定谓语的单复数。)

What we need is more time ,while what they need are more doctors and medicines .

2. 由and或both…and 连接的并列成分作主语时，谓

语动词用复数。

Both he and I are right. 他和我都是对的。

Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop .

咖啡和茶在这家商店廉价出售。

※但用and 连接的两个名词表示单一概念时，也就是说如果指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词使用单数。

Bread and butter is my usual breakfast .

面包黄油是我通常的早餐。（面包黄油是一体的）3. 由两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers,chopsticks,scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

Where are my shoes?我的鞋在哪儿？

Here are some new pairs of shoes. 这儿有几双新鞋。My new pair of socks is on the bed.

我那双新袜子在床上。

4.either , neither , each , one , the other , another , anybody , anyone , anything , somebody , someone , something , everything ,everybody , everyone ,no one , nothing ,nobody 做主语时，谓语一般用单数。Neither of the two sentences is correct .

这两个句子都不对。

Everything around us is matter .

我们周围的一切都是事物。

(注意：all作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。)

All are here.

5. 表示“时间、距离、金额、重量、面积、体积、

容积”等度量的名词做主语时，谓语用单数

Five minutes is enough . 五分钟足够了。

Four hundred francs（法郎）is a lot of money .

四百法郎是一笔不少的钱。

Twenty years is not a long time.

二十年不是很长一段时间。

6.each …and each …，every …and every ;no …and no ;many a …and many a …等结构由于强调个体行为，因此谓语动词使用单数。

Each boy and each girl has got a new English-Chinese dictionary .

No sound and no voice is heard for a long time .

7.：one and a half 后面带名词的复数，谓语动词常用单数。

One and a half bananas is left on the table .

桌子上留下了一个半苹果。

8.有些名词呈复数形式，但并不表示复数概念。

The news is disappointing .

9.主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有with,together with, including,but,except,besides等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。

The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum. 这位老师和他的学生们打算去博物馆。

10. A number of （许多）…作主语，谓语动词用复数。The number of (…的数目) 作主语，谓语动词用单数。

A number of famous people were invited to the part.

大量名人被邀请参加聚会。

The number of students in our school is 2618.

我们学校的学生人数是两千六百一十八。

11. people, the police 等作主语，谓语动词用复数。People say they are happy. 人们说他们是幸福的。

The police are searching for the thief. 警察正搜查小偷。

12. “the +形容词”表某类人，谓语动词用复数。

The old are happy in our country .我国的老人是幸福的。临近一致的原则

1.由连词or, either…or, nether…nor, not only…but also 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词按就近一致的原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例：

Either you or I am right. 要么你对，要么我对。Neither you nor he is correct. 你和他都不对。

Not only he but also you are invited to the party.

不仅他而且你都受邀参加晚会。

2.“there be”句型中，be动词与靠近的主语一致，例：There are two apples and one egg in it.

有两个苹果和一个鸡蛋在那儿。

There is one pen and two books on the desk.

桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书。

3. as well as 和名词连用时，谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。例：

He as well as I is interested in the film.

我和他都对这部电影感兴趣。

4. 以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Here is a letter and some books for you.

这儿有一封信和一些书给你。