宾语从句及练习题

宾语从句用法：

一、宾语从句定义：宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语、介词的宾语或形容词的宾语。

二、宾语从句的分类：根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

一类是that引导的宾语从句；一类是whether/ if引导的宾语从句；一类是连接代词，连接副词引导的宾语从句。

(一)that引导的宾语从句

1.宾语从句的引导词是that，当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望”“相信”“知道”或“说”时，后面的句子一般用that引导，that没有任何意义。只有语法功能，目的使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句，that可省略。接that引导的宾语从句的动词有：believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。

引导that用于下列情况时不可省略：

（1）当宾语从句的主语是that时，

Eg: He says that that is a useful book.

（2）当从句前有插入语时

Eg: It says, on the card, that it is made in China.

（3）当宾语从句中含主从复合句时

Eg: I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.

（4）当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的that可省略外，其余从句中的that都不可省略

Eg: He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.

（二）whether/ if引导的宾语从句

whether/ if“是否”（宾语从句时一般疑问句时，用whether/ if引导，但不可省略，在从句中不作句子成分,译为“是否”），其要放在宾语从句句首，且宾语从句要用陈述语序。

Eg: I want to know whether/ if my sister is waiting for me at the school gate.

whether与if可互换，但只能用whether,不用if的情况如下：

1.引导介词的宾语从句：

Eg: I’m not angry about whether he will pass the exam.

2.直接与or not连用时

Eg: I’m not sure whether his answer is right or not.

（三）特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句：what, which, who, where, when, how引导。疑问词在句中有意义，在从句中充当句子成分，不可省略。

Eg: Do you know when the train will arrive?

No one knows why Amy is not happy today.

三、宾语从句的时态问题

（一）宾语从句的时态一致：

（1）主句是现在的某种时态，那么宾语从句的时态可根据实际情况而定

Eg: (1) I remember he gave me a book yesterday.

(2) He has told me that he’ll leave for New York tomorrow.

（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态。

Eg: He told me that he would take part in the high jump.

（二）时态不一致：主句是一般过去时，下列几种情况从句时态不变

1.宾语从句表示的是客观事实、科学真理、格言或其他不受时间限制、影响、客观存在的事物时，依然用一般现在时

Eg: He said the earth goes around the sun.

2.宾语从句解释、表达科技内容时，或表达一种反复出现或目前习惯性的动作时，仍用一般现在时Eg: He said he takes a walk after dinner every evening.

3.宾语从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在转述时仍在继续，表示此刻仍存在的状态，从句的时态仍用现在范围内的时态。

Eg: She told me the other day that she is only eight.

4.从句中有具体的时间状语，动作是发生在主句动作之前，仍用一般过去时，不改为过去完成时Eg: He said that he was born in 1998.

宾语从句练习题：

( )1.--- Do you know ______ the meeting?

--- Tomorrow morning.

A. when they had

B. when they are going to have

C. when did they have

D. when are they going to have

( )2.---Could you tell me ______ yuanxiao in China?

--- Usually at Lantern Festival.

A. when do people eat

B. how do people eat

C. when people eat

D. how people eat

( )3.---Do you know ______?

--- This afternoon.

A. when will the policeman give us a talk

B. where will the policeman give us a talk

C. when the policeman will give us a talk

D. where the policeman will give us a talk

( )4.--- David, could you tell me ______?

--- Every four years.

A. when the 2014 World Cup will finish

B. how often the World Cup takes place

C. how many teams take part in the World Cup

D. who may score the most goals in the World Cup

( )5. I don’t understand ______ such a silly question in class yesterday.

A. why did John ask

B. why John asked

C. why is John asking

D. why John asks

( )6. I didn’t know _______.

A. when would the train arrive

B. where could I get the book

C. what has been done

D. who left the message

( )7. It’s hard to believe _____ the way out of the forest without the help of the local guide.

A. what they were able to find

B. what were they able to find

C. how they were able to find

D. how were they able to find

( )8.--- Excuse me, could you please tell me _____?

--- Yes, there is a history museum.

A. how often do you go to the history museum

B. are there any good museums in Kunming

C. how long it takes to get to the history museum

D. if there are any good museums in Kunming

( )9. --- Why didn’t Helen come to the meeting this morning?