重庆市巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性考试(三)

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巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考卷(三)理综-答案

巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考卷(三)理综-答案

巴蜀中学2019 届高考适应性月考卷(三)理科综合参考答案一、选择题:本题共13 小题,每小题6 分。

二、选择题:本题共8 小题,每小题6 分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,第14~18 题只有一项符合题目要求;第19~21 题有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的给6 分,选对但不全的给3 分,有选错的给0 分。

【解析】1.导管和木纤维都是死细胞,检测不到生命活动,A 正确。

生物界的一切生命活动都离不开细胞,但有些是在细胞内进行,有些发生在细胞外,B 错误。

细胞学说揭示了细胞的统一性和生物体结构的统一性,没有揭示细胞的多样性,C 错误。

原核细胞没有生物膜系统,D 错误。

2.细胞在a 点失水最多,导致细胞液浓度最大,所以吸水能力最强,A 错误。

细胞膜的选择透过性主要与载体蛋白的种类和数量有关,B 错误。

质壁分离发生在O 点之后,在a 点质壁分离达到最大程度,C 错误。

K+是植物需要的大量元素,CuCl2含有的都是植物需要的微量元素,一般情况下,植物吸收KCl 的速率大于吸收CuCl2的速率,导致b 点右移,D 正确。

3.ATP 彻底水解将得到三个磷酸,一个核糖和一个腺嘌呤共五个小分子物质,A 正确。

酶水解的产物与ATP 的水解产物有相同的,说明这种酶属于RNA,B 正确。

酶能显著降低理科综合参考答案·第1 页(共12 页)理科综合参考答案·第 2 页(共 12 页)4 3 活化能,在最适温度条件下,酶的催化效率最高,即降低活化能最显著,偏离了最适温度,酶的活性下降,导致降低的活化能不显著,反应所需的活化能将上升,C 正确,D 错误。

4. 原核细胞普遍小于真核细胞,导致原核细胞的相对表面积更大,物质交换速率更高,A 正确。

阳生和阴生植物套种的目的是为了提高光能利用率,B 错误。

合理密植、合理灌溉、合理施肥,都可以提高光能利用率,C 、D 正确。

5. 多细胞生物体内细胞间功能协调性的实现不仅依赖物质和能量的交换,还依赖信息交流,A 错误。

重庆市巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考文科数学试卷及参考答案(11页)

重庆市巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考文科数学试卷及参考答案(11页)

重庆市巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考文科数学试卷文科数学注意事项:1. 答题前,考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚.2. 每小题选出答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.在试题卷上作答无效.3. 考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.满分150分,考试用时120分钟.4. 考试结束后,请在教师指导下扫描二维码观看名师讲解.一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1. 已知全集U R =,{}|0A x x =>,{}|1B x x =>-,则()U C A B =I ( ) A. (]1,0- B. ()1,1- C. ()1,-+∞D. [)0,12. 复数()211i i-+的模等于( )A. 1B.C.D. 23. 已知l 为直线,α,β为平面,下列条件中一定能判断出l α⊥的是( ) A. a α⊂,b α⊂,l a ⊥,l b ⊥ B. l 垂直于α内的无数多条直线 C. //βα,l β⊥ D. βα⊥,//l β4. 函数()()2log 1f x ax =-在区间[]1,2上单调递增,则a 的取值范围是( ) A. 10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭B. ()0,+∞C. 1,2⎛⎫+∞⎪⎝⎭D. ()1,+∞5. 已知实数x ,y 满足02304120y x y x y <⎧⎪--<⎨⎪++>⎩,则43z x y =-的取值范围是( )A. ()6,6-B. ()6,12-C. ()12,6-D. ()12,12-6. 已知直线1x x =,2x x =分别是曲线()2cos 33x f x π⎛⎫=-⎪⎝⎭与()sin3g x x =-的对称轴,则()12tan 33x x +=( )A. 3-B.3C. 3±D. 07. 现有大小、形状完全相同的三个小球,分别写有“游”、“记”、“西”三个字,随机地将这三个小球排成一排,恰好从左至右看是“西游记”的概率为( ) A.14B.15C.16D.178. 为了得到函数sin 216y x π⎛⎫=-+ ⎪⎝⎭的图象,只要将22sin y x =的图象上所有点( ) A. 向左平移3π个单位长度 B. 向右平移3π个单位长度C. 向左平移6π个单位长度D. 向右平移6π个单位长度9. 程序框图如图所示,则该程序运行后输出的S 的值是( )A.43B.74C.117D.151110. 已知在锐角ABC ∆中,sin2A =,BD 为AC 边上的高(D 为垂足),若以B ,D 为焦点的双曲线经过A 点,则双曲线的离心率e =( )A.32B.C. 3D. 211. 若A ,B 分别是直线20x y --=与x 轴,y 轴的交点,圆C :()()22448x y -++=上有任意一点M ,则AMB ∆的面积的最大值是( )A. 6B. 8C. 10D. 1212. 已知在R 上的偶函数()y f x =,当0x ≥时,()2f x x x =-,则关于x 的不等式()()2f f x ≤的解集为( ) A. []1,1-B. []2,2-C. []3,3-D. []4,4-二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13. 小明同学把高中6次数学考试的分数制作成茎叶图如图,则小明6次数学成绩的中位数为______.14. 在棱长为2的正方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,异面直线11B D 和1BC 所成的角为______.15. 已知在ABC ∆中,a ,b ,c 分别是角A ,B ,C 的对边,若222a b c bc -=-,3BC =,4B π∠=,则AC =______.16. 在ABC ∆中,BC 边上的中线AM 的长度为4,点O 在线段AM 上运动,则()OA OB OC ⋅+u u u r u u u r u u u r的最小值是______.三、解答题(共70分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)17. 已知等比数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,满足314S =,且2a ,13a a +,4a 成等差数列. (1)求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (2)求使得30n S ≥成立的最小整数n .18. 如图是某公司一种产品的日销售量y (单位:百件)关于日最高气温x (单位:C ︒)的散点图.数据:(1)请剔除一组数据,使得剩余数据的线性相关性最强,并用剩余数据求日销售量y关于日最高气温x的线性回归方程$$ y bx a =+$;(2)根据现行《重庆市防暑降温措施管理办法》.若气温超过36度,职工可享受高温补贴.已知某日该产品的销售量为53.1,请用(1)中求出的线性回归方程判断该公司员工当天是否可享受高温补贴?附:()()()121ni iiniix x y y bx x==--=-∑∑$,$a y bx=-$.19. 如图,已知在直三棱柱111ABC A B C-中,1AA AC=.(1)若AC BC⊥,求证:1AC⊥平面1A BC;(2)若在底面△ABC∆中,2AB BC AC===,点P为线段1A B上一点,满足三棱锥C ABP-的体积,求线段BP的长度.20. 已知椭圆C:()222210x ya ba b+=>>,且()10,1P,212P⎫⎪⎭这两点在该椭圆上.(1)求该椭圆方程;(2)过()1,0K 的直线l 交椭圆于A ,B 两点,且2AK KB =u u u r u u u r,求直线l 的方程.21. 已知函数()()21ln 12f x x a x =+-. (1)当1a =-时,求()f x 的单调增区间;(2)若4a >,且()f x 在()0,1上有唯一的零点0x ,求证:210ex e --<<.请考生在第22、23两题中任选一题作答,并用2B 铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目的题号涂黑.注意所做题目的题号必须与所涂题目的题号一致,在答题卡选答区域指定位置答题.如果多做,则按所做的第一题计分. 22.【选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程】在以O 为极点,x 轴的正半轴为极轴的极坐标系中,曲线1C :4cos ρθ=,直线l 经过点()1,0M ,且倾斜角为θ.(1)求曲线1C 的直角坐标方程及直线l 的参数方程;(2)若直线l 与曲线1C 相交于A ,B 两点,求证:MA MB ⋅为定值,并求该定值. 23.【选修4-5:不等式选讲】 已知函数()12f x x x =++-. (1)解不等式()5f x ≥.(2)记()f x 的最小值是m ,若0x >,0y >且x y mxy +=,求2x y +的最小值.巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考卷文科数学参考答案一、选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分) 1-5:ABCDD 6-10:ACCBD11-12:CB【解析】1. {}|0A x x =>,{}|1B x x =>-,{}|0R C A x x =≤,则()(]1,0U C A B =-I ,故选A.2.()()()()()221111111i i i i ii i ---==--++-,故选B.3. A 选项需要a ,b 相交;B 选项若这无数多条直线均平行则无法推出垂直;D 选项有很多反例,如正四棱柱面对角线不垂直底面,故选C.4. 由题及对数函数性质知010a a >⎧⎨->⎩,解得1a >,故选D.5. 由题知02304120y x y x y <⎧⎪--<⎨⎪++>⎩对应的区域如图所示(不含边界),最值在()3,0-和()1.5,6--处取得,故选D.6. 由三角函数性质知1133x k ππ=+,2232x k ππ=+,所以()1212tan 33tan 32x x k k ππππ⎛⎫+=+++⎪⎝⎭tan 32ππ⎛⎫=+= ⎪⎝⎭A. 7. 三个小球排成一排有(西,游,记)、(西,记,游),…,共有6种取法,其中恰好排成为(西,游,记)有一种,故16P =,故选C.8. 22sin cos 21sin 212y x x x π⎛⎫==-+=-+ ⎪⎝⎭sin 21sin 21626x x πππ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫→+-+=-+ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,故选C. 9. 该程序的功能是对()111112231n n+++⋅⋅⋅+⨯⨯-,n Z +∈进行求和,故选B. 10. 23cos 12sin 25A A =-=,不妨在Rt ABD ∆中,设5AB =,3AD =,4BD =,则双曲线定义有24c BD ==,22a AB AD =-=,所以离心率2ce a==,故选D.11.已知AB =M到直线的最大距离为=,所以最大面积为10,故选C. 12. 令()f x λ=,()2222x fλλ⇒≤⇒-≤≤≤,故选B.二、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分) 13. 144 14. 60︒15. 16. -8【解析】13. 由茎叶图可得中位数为143和145的平均值. 14. 由11//B D BD ,且1DBC ∆为正三角形. 15. 由余弦定理得3A π∠=,三角形中由正弦定理得AC =.16. 因为M 是中点,所以2OB OC OM +=u u u r u u u r u u u u r ,则()()224OA OB OC OA OM OA OA ⋅+=⋅=-⋅-u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u u r,当2OA =时,取得最小值-8.三、解答题〔共70分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)17. 解:(1)由()()23124131142S a q q a a a a ⎧=++=⎪⎨+=+⎪⎩得12a =,2q =,故2nn a =.(2)由()12212221n n n S +-==--,314S =;430S =,并且随着n 的增大,n S 在增大, 所以使得30n S ≥的最小整数4n =. 18. 解:(1)应剔除数据点()20,18,剩余5组数据中17x =,30y =,则()()()()()()2222442204644 1.1404224b-⨯-+-⨯-++⨯===-+-++$,$30 1.11711.3a=-⨯=, 则线性回归方程为$1.111.3y x =+. (2)当日销售量为53.1时,解出38x =,因为(]3836,39∈,于是该公司员工当天可以享受高温补贴. 19.(1)证明:已知1AA AC =,所以在正方形中,11AC AC ⊥, 由平面ABC ⊥平面11AAC C ,且AC BC ⊥, 所以BC ⊥平面11AAC C ,得1AC BC ⊥, 则有1AC ⊥平面1A BC . (2)解:法1:取AB 的中点M ,则CM 为三棱锥的高,且CM =,由13C ABP ABP V CM S -∆=⋅= 所以11sin 452ABP S AB BP ∆==⋅⋅︒,则有BP = 法2:有121223A ABCV -⎫=⨯=⎪⎪⎝⎭, 所以112C ABP P ABC A ABC V V V ---==,则点P 是1A B 的中点,所以BP = 20. 解:(1)由题可得()10,1P ,可得1b =, 由2P 带入得23114a +=,所以24a =, 则方程为2214x y +=.(2)若直线l 的斜率为0时,3AK KB =u u u r u u u r,不符合;设直线方程为l :1x ty =+,()11,A x y ,()22,B x y , 由题2AK KB =u u u r u u u r,122y y =-,①联立直线方程与椭圆方程可得()224230t y ty ++-=,12224t y y t -+=+,12234y y t -=+,② 联立①②可得2125t =,所以直线l的方程为1x y =+或1x y =+. 21. 解:(1)定义域为0x >,当1a =-时,()()21ln 12f x x x =--,则()()2111'x x x x f x x -++=--=,令()'0f x ≥且0x >,则102x +<≤, 故()f x在⎛ ⎝⎦上单调递增. (2)由()()21ln 12f x x a x =+-,有()()2111'ax f x ax a x x x -+=+-=,记()21g x ax ax =-+,由4a >,有()011110242110a g a a g ⎧>⎪⎪⎛⎫=-+<⎨ ⎪⎝⎭⎪⎪=>⎩,即()f x 在()0,1上有两个极值点1x ,2x ,不妨设12x x <,且1x ,2x 是210ax ax -+=的两个根,则121012x x <<<<, 又()f x 在()0,1上有唯一的零点0x ,且当0x +→时,()f x →-∞, 结合()f x 在()0,1上的图象,得0110,2x x ⎛⎫=∈ ⎪⎝⎭,且()()()200020001ln 10210f x x a x g x ax ax ⎧=+-=⎪⎨⎪=-+=⎩两式结合消去a ,得0001ln 02x x x --=, 即0002ln 10x x x -+=,记()00002ln 1t x x x x =-+,010,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭, 有()001'2ln 12ln102t x x =+<+<, 即()0t x 在10,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上单调递减,又222212131015510e t e e e e e t e e e ⎧-⎛⎫=--+=< ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎪⎨-⎛⎫⎪=-=> ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩,由零点存在定理,210x e e --<<. 22.【选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程】解:(1)因为4cos ρθ=,所以24cos ρρθ=, 所以1C 的一般方程为2240x y x +-=;l 的参数方程为1cos sin x t y t θθ=+⎧⎨=⎩. (2)将l 的参数方程代入曲线1C 的一般方程得22cos 30t t θ-⋅-=, 所以12123MA MB t t t t ⋅==⋅=, 所以MA MB ⋅为定值3. 23.【选修4-5:不等式选讲】解:(1)()21,23,1212,1x x x x x f x ->⎧⎪=-≤≤⎨⎪-<-⎩,因为()5f x ≥,所以{}|32x x x ≥≤-或.(2)()()12123f x x x x x =++-≥+--=, 所以3m =,即3x y xy +=,即113x y+=,所以()11221221333y x x y x y x y x y ⎛⎫+++++⎪⎝⎭+==≥+, 当且仅当222x y =,即13x =,163y =+时取得等号, 所以2x y +的最小值为1+。

巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考卷(三)语文-答案

巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考卷(三)语文-答案

巴蜀中学2019 届高考适应性月考卷(三)语文参考答案1.(3 分)B 【解析】A 项错误在于混淆时态并表述绝对化。

原文说“主要由常规认知工作和常规手工劳动构成的工作,其份额正日益下降”。

“当重复性的常规工作被计算机取代时,人类就必须从事计算机不能胜任的工作”。

这说明计算机并非已经取代了工业时代的“常规生产”,且“发展社会资本和社会技能也就只能依靠信息技术”过于绝对化,原文是“怎样运用包括信息技术在内的各种手段发展‘社会资本’‘社会技能’和‘跨文化素养’”?C 项“教育的最重要目标就是核心素养”错误,原文是“首要目标”,且因果关系的表达无中生有。

D 项原文是说“虚拟世界又有可能使个人身份迷失、自我概念模糊”,并非信息洪流导致此结果。

属于张冠李戴。

2.(3 分)C 【解析】文章第③段,面对信息时代社会生活的深刻变革,作者的确从三方面提出了疑问,但只是为阐发核心素养诞生的背景,并未给出任何答案。

3.(3 分)D 【解析】错误在于,原文说“个人如何在信息时代、全球化时代和知识社会中自主行动,成为关系个人和社会发展的新课题。

这意味着个体必须拥有强大的自我概念和将个人的需求转化为意志行为的能力”。

“必须拥有”,不代表拥有了就能够做到“掌握自主权”。

4.(3 分)D【解析】“插叙”界定不正确,插叙是在叙述中心事件的过程中,为了帮助开展情节或刻画人物,暂时中断叙述的线索,插入一段与主要情节相关的内容的叙述方法。

5.(4 分)①弱小而顽强的力量,军垦队员和他们开辟的绿洲在恶劣的环境面前是弱小的,如马灯的一点光亮,但他们最终却改变了荒漠的面貌。

②乐观豪迈的气概,以童连长为代表的军垦人,面对恶劣的环境依旧能轻松而乐观,表现出战天斗地,毫不畏惧的气概。

③ 前仆后继的精神,童连长、朱安康以及“我们”几代人投身军垦事业,与沙暴抗争,前赴后继建设沙漠绿洲。

(答对三点得4 分,答对两点得3 分,只答对一点得2 分)语文参考答案·第1 页(共4 页)6.(5 分)①(人物塑造上)通过我们对风沙的感受,展现沙漠环境的艰苦,表现老一辈军垦人坚忍顽强、不屈不挠的精神。

重庆市巴蜀中学高2019级高三下“三诊考试”英语试题

重庆市巴蜀中学高2019级高三下“三诊考试”英语试题

机密★启用前解密时间:2019年5月22日17:00【考试时间:5月22日15:00—17:00】重庆市巴蜀中学高2019级高三下“三诊考试”本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,第I卷1至10页,第II卷11至12页。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

注意事项:1.考试前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。

2.答选择题时,必须使用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦擦干净后,再选涂其它的答案标号。

3.答非选择题时,必须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔,将答案书写在答题卡规定的位置上。

4.所有题目必须在答题卡上作答,在试题卷上答题无效。

5.考试结束后,将试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷(三部分共115分)第一部分:听力(共三节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案划在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

一、听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案划在试卷上。

录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. Where does the conversation take place?A. In a classroom.B. In a concert hall.C. In a ticket office.2. What does the man mean?A. He’s interested in reading.B. He has already read the book.C. He’d like to read the book very much.3. What kind of weather will they have tomorrow?A. Very cold.B. Very warm.C. Very dry.4. What are the two speakers talking about?A. A film.B. A book.C. A record.5. What is the woman doing?A.Arguing. B.Complaining. C.Comparing.第二节(共12小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分18分)听下面5段对话或独白。

精品解析:【全国百强校】重庆市巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考(三模)生物试题(解析版)

精品解析:【全国百强校】重庆市巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考(三模)生物试题(解析版)

巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考卷(九)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号和座位号。

用2B型铅笔把答题卡上试室号、座位号对应的信息点涂黑。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B型铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡整洁。

考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

1.下列有关细胞生命历程的说法,正确的是()A. 细胞生长使细胞体积增大,提高了细胞物质运输效率B. 高度分化的细胞全能性很高,通常不再具有分裂能力C. 红细胞和白细胞的功能不同,凋亡速率也不同,白细胞比红细胞凋亡速率快D. 衰老的生物体中,细胞都处于衰老状态【答案】 C【解析】【分析】细胞生长,体积增大,但相对表面积减小,所以物质运输效率降低;细胞分化是以细胞分裂为基础的,随着细胞的分化,细胞的分裂能力逐渐下降,最后高度分化的细胞失去分裂能力;细胞凋亡是由基因决定的细胞自动结束生命的过程,细胞凋亡的速率与它们的功能有关系,因为白细胞的功能是吞噬病菌等,所以白细胞凋亡的速率很快;对单细胞生物而言,细胞衰老就是个体衰老;而对于多细胞生物而言,细胞衰老和个体衰老不是一回事,个体衰老是细胞普遍衰老的结果。

【详解】 A. 细胞生长,细胞体积增大,物质运输效率降低,A错误;B. 一般来说,分化程度越高,全能性越低,高度分化后的细胞一般不具有分裂能力,B错误;C. 细胞凋亡速率与它们的功能有关系,如白细胞的功能是吞噬病菌等,所以其凋亡的速率很快,C正确;D. 衰老的生物体内细胞并非都处于衰老状态,也有细胞都处于年轻状态,D错误。

重庆市巴蜀中学2019届高三上学期第三次适应性月考语文试题及答案

重庆市巴蜀中学2019届高三上学期第三次适应性月考语文试题及答案

巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考卷(三)语文注意事项:1.答题前,考生务必用黑色碳素笔将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号、座位号在答题卡上填写清楚。

2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

在试题卷上作答无效。

3.考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

满分150分,考试用时150分钟。

请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

满分150分,考试用时150分钟。

一、现代文阅读(33分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

①进入21世纪后,信息通信技术出人意料地迅猛发展和广泛运用,使人类社会快速迈入信息时代,这与20世纪的工业时代形成鲜明对比。

21世纪信息时代的特点是什么?②首先,信息通信技术的广泛运用使社会经济运作模式和人类职业世界发生了深刻变化。

运用新知识、新思想和新技术实现快速产品创新和全球贸易,在人类历史上第一次成为经济发展的核心。

与此同时,伴随计算机和电子通信技术的发展,人类的许多工作正被机器代替。

人类的经济模式正快速转变为全球经济和知识经济,人类社会正快速进入知识社会。

美国经济学家写道:“主要由常规认知工作和常规手工劳动构成的工作,其份额正日益下降。

国家日益增长的劳动力比例则是那些强调专家思维或复杂交往的工作。

”当重复性的常规工作被计算机取代时,人类就必须从事计算机不能胜任的工作,也因此必须发展计算机不具备的复杂能力,即以专家思维和复杂交往能力为核心的“21世纪素养”。

这类工作以创造、发明、交往为核心,从业者也就由工业时代的“常规生产工作者”转变为信息时代的“心灵工作者”。

此外,由于科学技术的快速发展及由此导致的产品的快速创新,人类职业的变化日益加剧:旧职业快速淘汰,新职业不断涌现。

因此,未来教育不仅要为创新驱动的职业做好准备,还要为尚未诞生的职业做好准备。

在此背景下,具有广泛迁移性的核心素养成了教育的首要目标。

重庆巴蜀中学2019届高三高考适应性月考卷(三)英语试题

重庆巴蜀中学2019届高三高考适应性月考卷(三)英语试题

重庆巴蜀中学2019届高三高考适应性月考卷(三)英语试题一、阅读理解(★★) Educational Programs for KidsAre you interested in helping your child continue his or her education beyond the typical school day?If so,then educational programs for kids may be what you're looking for.Where to Find Educational Programs?Many kids who are struggling in school may benefit from an after-school tutoring session or homework club.Check with your child's school,your local library or the park district for a list of available programs.You can also check with the local Boys and Girls Club,YMCA,church or youth center.Depending on your child's interests and strengths,consider art,communityservice,drama,music,creative writing,sports,cooking or environmental programs.What Educational Programs Are Provided by Organizations?The organizations mentioned above provide educational programs for kids,such as a community your child can be a part of and programs that focus on education,health,leadership,recreation and fitness.Another possibility is the Boy Scouts of America or the Girl Scouts.These are two separate organizations that can potentially provide your child with a sense of accomplishment,self-confidence and belonging.Both organizations will provide your child with many learning experiences and activities both indoors and outdoors.What Kind of Program Is Best for My Child?The type of educational program that's best for your child is subjective and based on many factors,including your child's age.If your child is in primary school,educational programs can help him or her develop as a person and gain leadership skills,a sense of self-worth and the ability to cooperate with others.By the time your child is in high school, his or her involvement with educational programs and other extracurricular activates can be key elements when your child is applying to college.When you help your child to pick an educational program,carefully consider what your child needs and what every option offers.1 . How should a parent choose a program that suits his child?A.Based on the child's age and needs.B.Considering what organization offers it.C.According to the child's schoolD.Depending on the location of the program. performance.2 . What is the best program for a child according to the author? A.It must promote the child's leadership skills.B.It can contribute to applying to college.C.There is no standard answer to theD.There are activities a child likes best. question.3 . Who is this text probably written for? A.Teachers.B.Parents.C.School kids.D.Program organizers.(★★★★) At the age of 83,I'm reading more and dusting less.I'm sitting in the yard and admiring the view without caring about the weeds in the garden.I'm spending more time with my family and friends and less time working.Whenever possible,life should be a pattern of experiences to savor,not to suffer.I'm trying to recognize these moments now and cherish them.I’m not"saving"anything;we use our good china and crystal for every special event such as losing a pound,or the first Amaryllis blossom.I wear my good clothes to the market.I'm not saving my good perfume for special parties ,but wearing it for clerks in the hardware store and tellers at the bank.“Someday"and"one of these days"are losing their positions in my vocabulary.If it's worth seeing or hearing or doing, I want to see and do it now.I'm not sure what others would have done had they known they wouldn't be here for the tomorrow that we all take for granted.I think they would have called family members and a few close friends.They might have called a few former friends to apologize and mend fences for past quarrels.I like to think they would have gone out for a Chinese dinner or for whatever their favorite food was.It's those little things left undone that would make me angry if I knew my hours werelimited.Angry because I hadn't written certain letters that I intended to write one of these days.Angry and sorry that I didn't tell my husband and parents often enough how much I truly love them.I'm trying very hard not to put off,hold back,or save anything that would add laughter and luster to our lives.And every morning when I open my eyes,I tell myself that it is special.Every day,every minute,every breath truly is a gift.4 . What does the underlined word"savor"in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Enjoy.B.Learn.C.Share.D.Remember.5 . Why is the author not"saving"anything? A.She has already saved enough.B.She wants to seize the day.C.She finds the chance to spend.D.She attends many special occasions..6 . What is the author's purpose in writing the text? A.To show her regret for what she missed in life.B.To blame people who left many things undone.C.To persuade people to think more of themselves.D.To share what she has learned from her life.7 . The author would feel angry if___________. A.there were few things she could do B.she could not live longC.her last days were full of regret D.her efforts were in vain(★★★★) Literature is an important part of a total language arts program at all grade levels because of the many benefits it offers.Literature provides pleasure to listeners and readers.It is a relaxing escape from daily problems,and it fills leisure moments.Making time for recreational reading and using high-quality literature help to develop enthusiastic readers and improve achievement.Developing a love of literature as a recreational activity is possibly the most important outcome of a literature program.Literature builds experience.Through reading,children expand their horizons throughvicarious(引起共鸣的)experiences.They visit new places,gain new experiences,and meet new people.They learn about the past as well as the present and learn about a variety ofcultures,including their own.They discover the common goals and similar emotions found in people of all times and places. Nory Ryan's Song by Patricia Reilly,Giff,a hard survival story,is set in Ireland during the potato hunger of I845,and Patricia Polacco's The Butterfly ,deals with Nazis,resistance,and Jewish persecution(迫害)during World War II.Literature provides a language model for those who hear and read it.Good literature exposes children to correct sentence patterns,standard story structures,and varied word usage.Children for whom English is a second language can improve their English with the interestingcontext,and all children benefit from new vocabulary that is woven into the stories.Literature develops thinking skills.Discussions of literature bring out reasoning related to sequence;cause and effect; character motivation; predictions;visualization of actions, characters, and settings; critical analysis of the story;and creative responses.Literature helps children deal with their problems.By finding out about the problems of others through books, children receive insights into dealing with their own problems,a process called bibliotherapy. Children might identify with Gilly,living angrily in a foster home in Katherine Paterson's The Great Gilly Hopkins,or with Mary Alice,a city girl forced to live with her grandma in a“hick town"in Richard Peck's A Year Down Yonder.8 . What is likely to be the most significant consequence of a literature program?A.The habit of reading for pleasure.B.The lessons learned from works.C.The achievements of language skills.D.The ways of thinking developed by reading.9 . Why are Nory Ryan's Song and The Butterfly mentioned in paragraph 3?A.To introduce two great masterpieces..B.To expand children's horizons in literature.C.To prove literature includes a variety of cultures.D.To give examples of books that provide such experiences.10 . From the last paragraph we know that literature can be___ A.educational B.practicalC.changeable D.reliable11 . What could be the best title of the text? A.Power of Books B.Ways of ReadingC.Source of Human Progress D.Benefits of Literature(★★) The world's first luxury space hotel,Aurora Station,was announced Thursday at the Space 2.0 Summit in San Jose,California.Developed by US-based space technology start-up Orion Span,the space station will host six people at a time,including two crew members,for 12-day trips of space travel.It plans to welcome its first guests in 2022.“Our goal is to make space accessible to all,"Frank Bunger,CEO and founder of Orion Span,said in a statement."Upon launch,Aurora Station goes into service immediately,bringing travelers into space quickly and at a lower price point than ever seen before."While a$10 million trip is outside the budget of most people's two-week vacations,Orion Span claims to offer an authentic astronaut experience."It has taken what was historically a 24-month training to prepare travelers to visit a space station and streamlined(精简)it to three months,at a fraction(小部分)of the cost,"says Bunger.During their 12-day adventure,the super-rich travelers will fly at a height of 200 miles above the Earth's surface in Low Earth Orbit,where they will witness incredible views of the blue planet.The hotel will orbit Earth every 90 minutes,which means guests will see around 16 sunrises and sunsets every 24 hours.Activities on board include taking part in research experiments such as growing food while in orbit,which guests can take home for a super-smug souvenir,and soaring over their hometown.Guests can have-live-video chats with their less-fortunate loved ones back home via high-speed wireless Internet access and,upon(return to Earth will be greeted with a specially arranged hero's welcome.While enjoying the thrills of zero gravity,the travelers will be able to float freely through the hotel,taking in views of the northern and southern aurora from the station's windows.Deposits are already being accepted for future stays on the space hotel.12 . what can we know about Aurora Station?A.It was set up in San Jose,California.B.It is created by an international company.C.It will host eight people at a time.D.It won't be put into operation until 2022.13 . what is the purpose in building Aurora Station? A.To popularize the astronaut experience.B.To make profits through this new industry.C.To cut down the cost for space research.D.To arouse the public's awareness of science.14 . Who could be the most likely potential customers of Aurora Station? A.All human beings.B.Would-be astronauts.C.Wealthy travelers.D.Specially trained researchers.15 . Which is NOT a special experience guests can enjoy aboard Aurora Station? A.Getting involved in scientific experiments.B.Having live video chats with people on earth.C.Being greeted with a specially arranged welcome.D.Floating freely through the hotel with zero gravity.二、七选五(★★★★) Remarkable Ways to Push Yourself HarderDeep inside us,we know that hard work is supposed to be the key to success. 16 . Here are the rules that you can also apply to make yourself work really hard.Practice working hard.17 . Therefore,if you want to be a hard worker,you must practice working hard.Practice waking up early, practice doing a lot of work,and practice working more hours.One day you will wake up and realize that you are a hard worker.18 .Many hard workers always have a large purpose that forces them to work.Don't just think of buying a car or a big house because this is not a purpose strong enough to push you forward.Anexample of a big purpose is deciding that you are working hard so that you bring change in the lives of your friends,family,and neighborhood.A strong purpose always involves bringing a large positive change in any particular setting.Surround yourself with hard workers.19 . But if you surround yourself with hardworking people,you will find yourself working hard towards your goal.Avoid friends who just want to have fun all the time.This type of friends will always discourage you when you attempt to work hard.Therefore,always surround yourself with go-getters.Read and watch inspirational materials.You can also push yourself harder through reading and watching inspirationalmaterial.Motivational books and videos encourage you to work harder.These materials make you work hard. 20 .A.Have a strong purpose.B.Find a great goal to overcome your laziness.C.Like other skills,one has to practice it to perfect it.D.Inspirational material makes you believe in yourself.E.Nevertheless,occasions are not rare when we always find it difficult to push ourselves harder.F.They remove discouragement and assure you that you will never fail if you push yourself to the limit.G.If you surround yourself with lazy people,you will also be lazy.三、完形填空(★★★★) A woman couldn't find her wallet at Gilleece's bar.She didn't ___ about her $1500 in cash as her wedding ring was in side.Gilleece disliked the ____that a theft could have occurred.So he was ___ to help.He spent hours____footage(影像)from security cameras and he saw a boy put something into his pocket and walk off.Gilleece____a clip(片段)on the bar's Facebook page."I didn't want to ____ him,"he said."I just asked if anybody knew the guy was."Within hours,Gilleece got a text from 17-year-old Rivens Prather.who admitted doing it because he was______ He said he opened the wallet and saw the ring,thinking it was fake,so he took the money and threw the wallet ___ the docks(码头)into the ocean.Gilleece told the teen to meet him at the docks where Cilleece,a father of two,saw him for what he was:more of a kid than a(n)______But the ____ were high.The police were already on the ____;Prather could be facing theft charges.I had to help him ____,"says Gilleece.He ____ two local divers to search the waters.____,a detective was waiting there.A crowd had ____ to watch the two divers search in the icy water.Hours passed,with no ___ of the ring.And then a diver_____,ring in hand.Cheers erupted from the crowd.When Gilleece called the wallet's owner,she burst into tears.It wasn't ___ for Gilleece.He'd been troubled about Prather sleeping in the cold woods,hungry. Gilleece took Prather into his home and helped him find a ____."Most people would have thought I was a thief while he chose to help me,"Prather said."I feel _____every day."21 . A.worry B.care C.know D.forget A.worry B.care C.know D.forgetA.worry B.care C.know D.forget22 . A.idea B.theory C.warning D.fact A.idea B.theory C.warning D.factA.idea B.theory C.warning D.fact23 . A.able B.proud C.nervous D.quick A.able B.proud C.nervous D.quickA.able B.proud C.nervous D.quick24 . A.recording B.searching C.editing D.testing A.recording B.searching C.editing D.testingA.recording B.searching C.editing D.testing25 . A.downloaded B.copied C.posted D.delivered A.downloaded B.copied C.posted D.deliveredA.downloaded B.copied C.posted D.delivered26 . A.arrest B.reward C.recognize D.blame A.arrest B.reward C.recognize D.blameA.arrest B.reward C.recognize D.blame27 . A.embarrassed B.confused C.interested D.starved A.embarrassed B.confused C.interested D.starvedA.embarrassed B.confused C.interested D.starved28 . A.away B.through C.off D.along A.away B.through C.off D.alongA.away B.through C.off D.along29 . A.cheat B.criminal C.adult D.student A.cheat B.criminal C.adult D.studentA.cheat B.criminal C.adult D.student30 . A.prices B.spirits C.gains D.expectations A.prices B.spirits C.gains D.expectationsA.prices B.spirits C.gains D.expectations31 . A.move B.committee C.team D.scene A.move B.committee C.team D.sceneA.move B.committee C.team D.scene32 . A.somehow B.sometimes C.somewhere D.sometime A.somehow B.sometimes C.somewhere D.sometimeA.somehow B.sometimes C.somewhere D.sometime33 . A.forced B.reminded C.hired D.taught A.forced B.reminded C.hired D.taughtA.forced B.reminded C.hired D.taught34 . A.However B.Meanwhile C.Thus D.Besides A.However B.Meanwhile C.Thus D.BesidesA.However B.Meanwhile C.Thus D.Besides35 . A.applied B.paid C.gathered D.agreed A.applied B.paid C.gathered D.agreedA.applied B.paid C.gathered D.agreed36 . A.exception B.loss C.sign D.signalA.exception B.loss C.sign D.signal A.exception B.loss C.sign D.signal37 . A.turned up B.looked up C.climbedupD.ran upA.turned up B.looked up C.climbed up D.ran upA.turned up B.looked up C.climbed up D.ran up38 . A.right B.bad C.easy D.over A.right B.bad C.easy D.overA.right B.bad C.easy D.over39 . A.job B.hospital C.lawyer D.shop A.job B.hospital C.lawyer D.shopA.job B.hospital C.lawyer D.shop40 . A.regretful B.thankful C.wonderful D.pitiful. A.regretful B.thankful C.wonderful D.pitiful.A.regretful B.thankful C.wonderful D.pitiful.四、语法填空(★★)阅读下面短文,在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Martin Luther King,Jr.was an American leader of the civil rights movement in 41 . 1960s.King 42 .(remember)for his non-violent protests against the unequal treatment of African-Americans.His actions led to equal rights 43 . (law)for all people.In addition to 44 . (become)an activist,King was a scholar and religious leader.One of the most famous events related 45 . him came in 1963.That year,more than 250,000 people assembled in Washington,D.C.for the “March on Washington".King delivered a historic address 46 . (know)as the"I Have a Dream speech. one of the most famous lines from the speech 47 . (read):I have a dream 48 . one day little black boys arid black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.king's actions helped pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964.The law ended the legal 49 . (separate)of people by race in public places.Although the Civil Rights Act was important,it did not address all kinds of 50 . (race)discrimination.五、短文改错(★★) 51 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考卷(三)文数-答案

巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性月考卷(三)文数-答案

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重庆市巴蜀中学2019届高考适应性考试(三)文科综合一、选择题:本题共35小题,每小题4分,共140分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

火地岛位于南美洲南端,面积约48700km2。

乌斯怀亚也称世界尽头,地处火地岛南部(如图1左),是世界最南端的城市,距离南极大陆最近处仅800公里,整个城市都呈现出“南极”风光。

在火地岛南部某保护区发现,当地树木大多低矮,或匍匐在地,或树冠形状奇特,当地称之“醉汉树”(如图1右)。

1.关于火地岛的自然地理特征,说法正确的是()A.火地岛东、西部自然差异较显著B.位于三大板块交界处,地震多发C.火地岛植被茂密,生长速度较快D.火地岛冬季寒冷少雨,气候恶劣2.火地岛多“醉汉树”的原因主要是()A.风力使迎风面树枝受到损伤,背风面树枝不断生长B.土层疏松,地质活跃,树木受内力作用向一侧倾斜C.岛上云雨雾天气多,光照较弱,树木朝北向阳而生D.人为修整所致,创造独特景观,以利于发展旅游业3.乌斯怀亚市常住居民仅2万人左右,但某些季节市内人口可达6~7万人。

对该现象原因分析不妥的是()A.该岛纬度较高,自然条件恶劣,使得其常住人口少B.世界各国南极科考队进出南极大陆常经此补给中转C.独特“南极”风光吸引力大,旅游旺季有大量游客D.科考、旅游等提供就业机会多,吸引海外移民定居涠洲岛位于北部湾,周围海域洋流活跃且有上升流分布,潮汐属于一天仅涨落一次的全日潮,潮差大。

涠洲岛是中国热带珊瑚分布的北界,但气候变化、人类活动给珊瑚带来了巨大的威胁。

为改善涠洲岛海域的生态环境,生态专家在周边海域进行石珊瑚苗圃培育试验。

石珊瑚属于造礁珊瑚,对水质要求严苛,珊瑚虫的生长,需要进食海水中的浮游生物,水中还需有足够的溶解氧。

珊瑚礁的附着需要有稳定的底质,且不能长时间暴露在海面之上。

读图2“涠洲岛及周边海域示意图”4.推测图中标注的哪一个地点几乎没有珊瑚礁分布()A.①B.②C.③D.④5.关于图中洋流的描述,正确的是()A.按成因,均属于补偿流B.按性质分类均属于寒流C.岛屿东北及西南方向的珊瑚礁迎着洋流,生长缓慢D.可携带岛屿周边污染物至其他海域,利于净化水质6.珊瑚苗圃有固定式和悬浮式两种。

固定式指珊瑚苗圃固定在海底,悬浮式需利用平衡浮球的浮力将苗圃悬浮在离海面较近的水中。

悬浮式相对于固定式的优点是()A.结构坚固稳定,有利于石珊瑚造礁B.不易受台风、风暴潮、洋流的影响C.无须定期更换,成本低,使用方便D.高度可随潮水位调节,灵活性较强格陵兰岛是世界最大岛屿(图3),千姿百态的冰川、绚丽的极光、子夜太阳等构成了格陵兰的奇景。

近年来全球气候变暖,格陵兰冰山融化速度惊人。

北极冰融是近年来最引人注目的气候变化现象之一,21世纪以来,北极的气温变化是全球平均水平的2倍,被称为“北极放大”现象。

7.“北极放大”现象主要是全球变暖导致北极海冰减少,进而导致北极地区()A.海洋对太阳辐射的吸收增强B.海洋对太阳辐射的反射增强C.大气对太阳辐射的吸收增加D.大气对地面辐射的吸收减弱8.某科考队计划乘船前往格陵兰附近海域考察并拍摄子夜太阳奇景,下列说法正确的是()A.最佳拍摄日期应选择冬至日前后B.甲、乙、丙中最佳拍摄点为甲地C.拍摄期间,悉尼日出方位为东北D.科考队同时可以拍摄美丽的极光热岛强度是指中心城区与郊区气温差值,单位为摄氏度,数值越大,热岛强度越大。

兰州市区位于黄河河谷,近年来其城市建设速度和扩展速度迅猛,城市化水平持续上升,热岛效应逐渐增强。

读图4“兰州市某日热岛强度变化统计图”9.据图,该日兰州热岛效应的时间变化规律有①夜间强,白昼弱②子夜前后较强,正午前后较弱③中心城区的“冷岛”效应持续约3小时④日波动变化明显,与气温高低成反比A.① ② ③B.① ② ④C.① ③ ④D.② ③ ④10.下列关于兰州热岛效应季节变化特点及原因的分析,正确的是()A.夏强冬弱——夏季获取太阳光热多,吸热增温明显B.夏强冬弱——冬季受冷气团控制时间长,天气稳定C.冬强夏弱——冬季正值供暖期,城区排放废热更多D.冬强夏弱——地处黄河河谷地形,不利于城区散热11.兰州市由于近年来城市化水平持续上升,热岛效应逐渐增强。

为缓解热岛效应,兰州市政府相关部门目前可采取的合理措施是()A.使用新型节能建筑材料,建筑物表面深色化B.市区内道路提倡推广渗透性的地面铺装材料C.改善城市下垫面热力属性,减少城区热容量D.引导中心城区产业人口外迁,推行逆城市化二、非选择题:共160分。

第36—41题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答。

第42—46题为选考题,考生根据要求作答。

36.阅读图文材料,完成下列问题。

甘蔗喜温、喜光,根状茎粗壮发达。

中国甘蔗最集中的出产地是广西,广西的甘蔗主要是用来榨糖的“糖料蔗”。

甘蔗的榨季从每年的11月开始,次年的4月结束。

当地甘蔗种植推广“深耕、浅种、宽行、密植”的模式。

深耕:植地耕种要求二犁二耙,深度达50厘米;浅种:蔗种回土盖种深度一般仅5厘米左右;宽行:甘蔗种植行距要求90~100厘米;密植:行内每1米播蔗种5~6个,每亩播蔗种3000~3500个。

崇左市是全国产蔗糖大市,有着悠久的种糖、制糖历史,其甘蔗的种植、采收以人工为主,崇左市250多万人口中,有130多万从事甘蔗相关产业,蔗糖产量连续14个榨季居全国首位,被誉为“中国蔗都”。

图6为崇左在广西壮族自治区内的位置示意图。

(1)分析当地甘蔗的榨季为11月至次年4月的原因。

(2)说明广西甘蔗种植“深耕、浅种、宽行、密植”的各自好处。

(3)据材料,分析崇左能获得“中国蔗都”美誉的原因。

(4)指出崇左蔗糖产业可能面临的困难。

37.阅读图文材料,完成下列问题。

材料一在西北太平洋上,中心附近最大风力在12级以上的热带气旋,称为台风(印度洋和大西洋上称为飓风)。

台风是热带气旋强烈发展的一种特殊形式,多形成于热带或副热带海面温度在26℃的广阔洋面上。

夏秋季节,我国东部沿海地区受台风影响较大。

2018年9月16日17时,第22号台风“山竹”(强台风级)在广东台山海宴镇登陆,登陆时中心附近最大风力14级(45米/秒),对途经地区造成了严重的生命财产损失。

材料二图7为台风结构示意图。

材料三图8为侵入中国的台风主要路径示意图。

(1)据材料二,描述台风气流运动特点。

(2)台风是一种破坏力很强的灾害性天气系统,其危害除强风外还来自哪些方面?(3)简析台风对我国东部沿海地区种植业生产的不利影响。

(4)读材料三,推测台风形成后,影响其移动路径的主要有哪些力?42.稔平半岛位于广东省惠州市惠东县南部大亚湾与红海湾之间,面积742平方公里,海岸线长171.8公里,这里有着中国最美丽的海岸线。

稔平半岛景点众多,巽寮湾、双月湾、海龟湾、东山风车群……图9为稔平半岛示意图。

今年清明假期,纵贯惠东县稔平半岛的023县道交通瘫痪,驱车经过短短20公里的道路就需要三个小时。

分析023县道交通瘫痪的原因。

【答案】交通线路单一,等级低,通行能力低(2分);小长假,出行意愿强,游客众多(2分);沿海渔村风光对大城市居民吸引力高(2分);沿海景点分散,自驾游出行率高(2分);道路沿途缺乏农家院等接待设施、休闲娱乐场所,缓冲空间小(2分)。

【解析】前三点应该很容易,不再赘述。

第四点是因为图中半岛上风景区、度假点都很分散,对于这样的旅游目的地,自驾游会方便得多,所以自驾比例高。

如果考生答小长假高速免费通行促使自驾游也可。

最后一点最难想到,注意图中景点、酒店、农家院的分布。

如果在023县道沿途有一些景点、酒店、农家院的话,堵车的时候开在半途中可以进入这些地方稍作休整,而不必一味地往前行驶。

本质上反映的是供给侧的不足,并非只认准前方的目的地,而是沿途缺少可供休闲娱乐的去处。

43.8月17日环保部发布7月份全国重点区域和74个城市空气质量状况,福州此次挤进了前十,排名第三,在省会城市中排名第二,仅次于海口。

图10为今年前7个月福州空气质量排名。

(1)从自然角度分析5~7月福州空气质量排名变化的原因。

(2)从2008年开始,福州市空气质量一直呈好转趋势,简述其采取的措施可能有哪些?【答案】(1)5-7月份,福州受夏季风影响逐渐增加,风力较大,便于污染物扩散;(2分)降水较多,稀释大量污染物;(2分)降雨使地面湿润,也不容易引起扬尘,有利于空气质量的提高。

(2分)(2)调整产业结构,淘汰污染严重的工业;(2分)调整能源消费结构,使用清洁能源;(2分)汽车尾气达标排放。

(2分)(答对两点即可)【解析】试题分析:(1)空气质量变好,一方面是由于大气中污染物含量降低,一方面为大气环境有利于污染物扩散。

5-7月福州进入雨季,大气及地面湿度增加,污染物减少,风力增大,有利于污染物扩散。

(2)通过改变能源结构和产业结构减少生产、生活、交通等领域的污染排放。

考点:大气污染及其防止。

答案及【解析】AADAD DACAC B【解析】1.火地岛地处南极洲板块及美洲板块之间,纬度较高且阴雨天较多,植物光热条件差,生长较慢,全年受西风带影响,为温带海洋性气候,其西部为迎风地带,使其东西部自然差异较大,故选A.2.“醉汉树”树冠是由定向风造成的,火地岛常年盛行西北风,岛屿上盛行西风风力强劲迎风面树枝易受损伤,背风面树枝正常生长,使得树冠形状呈现不对称。

故选A。

3.从联系当地的自然条件和人员来源进行分析,该岛纬度高,且受西风源流影响,冬季寒冷漫长,自然条件恶劣,使得该岛常住人口少;距南极近,是世界各国南极科考队进出南极大陆的重要物资补给地和中转站;独特的南极风光吸引了众多海内外游客,有着大量的外来人口。

故D较不合理,特别是没体现题干表现出的人口季节性差异。

故选D。

4.①地处火山口,基岩稳定性较差,不利于删瑚礁附着,且海水较深,光照较弱。

同时,靠近海港,人类活动対水环境的干扰、污染严重,不利于瑚存活。

故选A。

5.涠洲岛位于季风气候区,洋流方向受季风环流影响发生季节变化,洋流性质随之改变。

而洋流方向为西南向、东北向的季节交替,珊瑚迎着风浪生长,海水含氧量高,故岛屿东北侧、西南侧瑚会分布更广。

D项较为简单,正确。

6.固定式的好处是结构坚固稳定,不易受台风、风暴潮影响,无须定期更换,成本低,使用方便。

而悬浮式的好处有距海面近,光照条件较好:不易受海底沉积物、敌害生物的影响。

且高度可随潮位调节,灵活性强,能适应涠淵岛潮差大的特点。

故选D.7.海水较海冰对太阳辐射的反射率低,吸收率高,故海冰融化使得海洋对太阳帮射的吸收增强,从而下面长波辐射增强,大气增温显著,从而进一步导致极地海冰融化,产生正反,形成“北极放大”效应。

故选A.8,要能拍摄子夜太阳,必须出现极昼现象,且最好选择零点太阳高度较大时期一一夏至日前后。

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