高三英语语法复习：省略

高中英语应试辅导篇：说长道短话省略

同学们,你们知道英语中关于"省略"的语法现象吗?在日常生活中,只要不产生歧义,人们往往为避免重复而习惯于应用省略的手段,使得语言简洁、明快.当然,省略的情况五花八门,只有对其常见现象做到心中有数,这样才能有的放矢,应对自如.本文将从省略的三个方面予以剖析,以帮助同学们提高做这类题的应变能力。让我们--

一、单词省略

1.不定式符号to的省略

①四看(see watch, notice, look at),二听(hear, listen to),一感觉(feel),以及let, make, help,还有have之后的作宾补的不定式,但其被动语态中的to不能省略.例如:

Though he had made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.

②词组do nothing but...,can't help but...,prefer to do sth. rather than do sth...., would do sth. rather than...,why not....等不定式中的to.例如:

Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.

A. ride; ride

B. riding; ride

C. ride; to ride

D. to ride; riding

注意:在下面四种情形下,为了避免重复,常承前省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to.

①作hope, wish, like, want, expect, decide, mean, intend, refuse, try, need等宾语的不定式.例如:

-Will the Browns go abroad this summer?

-No. They finally decided .

A. to

B. not to

C. not going

D. not go

②作tell, ask, want, expect, warn等宾语补足语的不定式.例如:

The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him ______ .

A. not to

B. not to do

C. not do it

D. do not do

③在某些形容词,如:happy, glad, ready, anxious, eager, willing等后作状语的不定式.例如:

-I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

-Not at all, ______ .

A. I've no time

B. I'd rather not

C. I'd like

D. I'd be happy to

④在某些结构,如:be able to, be going to be about to, ought to, have to ,used to等后作复合谓语的不定式.例如:

-Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?

-I ______ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.

A. had

B. would

C. was going to

D. did

2.表虚拟的名词性从句中should的省略

①一坚持(insist),二命令(order, command),三建议(suggest, propose, advise ),四要求(demand, require, request, ask)后的主语、宾语从句中.例如:

Jane's pale face suggested that she

ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination.

A. be; should have

B. was; have

C. should be; had

D. was;has

②一个主意(idea),一个计划(plan),一个命令(order),三个建议(suggest, proposal, advice)等后的表语、同位语从句中.例如:

The suggestion has been made that the football game ______ put off.

A. should

B. will be

C. be

D. has been

③It is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...主语从句中.例如:

It is necessary that the problem ______ at once.

A. solves

B. should solve

C. will be solved

D. be solved

3.虚拟条件句中,含助动词,情态动词,动词be或have等,若将它们提到句首,则须省略if。例如:

______ it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.

A. Were

B. Should

C. Would

D. Will

4.连词的省略

①引导宾语从句的连词that在口语中常常省略,或并列的宾语从句中的第一个连词that也能省略.例如:

He said (that)he had come here an hour before and that he had lived in a hotel.

②在定语从句中作宾语,且其前没有介词的关系代词,或先行词为way或time

等时,常省略关系代词.例如:

Do you still remember the name of the company ______ we visited last month?

A. whose

B. as

C.\

D. where

I don't like ______ you speak to her.

A. the way

B. the way in that

C. the way which

D. the way of which

二、成分省略

1.在选择疑问句、反意疑问句及一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句的答语中,通常都承前将重复的成分省略。例如:

-He hasn't ever been to Dalian, has he(ever been to Dalian)?

-No, he hasn't(been to Dalian).

Do you like studying Chinese or(do you like studying)English?

2.在时间、条件、地点、让步、方式等状语从句中,若谓语为be,主语同主句

主语一致或主语为it时,常省略主、谓语.需要注意的是,谓语为实意动词时,若其与省略的主语间为主谓关系时,则用现在分词;若为动宾关系,则用过去分词。例如:

Please send for a doctor as soon as(it is)possible.